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Penugurti V, Manne RK, Bai L, Kant R, Lin HK. AMPK: The energy sensor at the crossroads of aging and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 106-107:15-27. [PMID: 39197808 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a protein kinase that plays versatile roles in response to a variety of physiological stresses, including glucose deprivation, hypoxia, and ischemia. As a kinase with pleiotropic functions, it plays a complex role in tumor progression, exhibiting both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing activities. On one hand, AMPK enhances cancer cell proliferation and survival, promotes cancer metastasis, and impairs anti-tumor immunity. On the other hand, AMPK inhibits cancer cell growth and survival and stimulates immune responses in a context-dependent manner. Apart from these functions, AMPK plays a key role in orchestrating aging and aging-related disorders, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Osteoarthritis (OA), and Diabetes. In this review article, we summarized the functions of AMPK pathway based on its oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles and highlighted the importance of AMPK pathway in regulating cellular aging. We also spotlighted the significant role of various signaling pathways, activators, and inhibitors of AMPK in serving as therapeutic strategies for anti-cancer and anti-aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevarao Penugurti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Rajesh Kumar Manne
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Ling Bai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Rajni Kant
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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2
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Han T, Xu Y, Liu H, Sun L, Cheng X, Shen Y, Wei J. Function and Mechanism of Abscisic Acid on Microglia-Induced Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4920. [PMID: 38732130 PMCID: PMC11084589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), as a neurologically implemented disease with complex etiological factors, has a complex and variable pathogenesis. Accompanying further research, neuroinflammation has been found to be one of the possible factors in its pathogenesis. Microglia, as intrinsic immune cells in the brain, play an important role in maintaining microenvironmental homeostasis in the brain. However, over-activation of neurotoxic microglia in PD promotes neuroinflammation, which further increases dopaminergic (DA) neuronal damage and exacerbates the disease process. Therefore, targeting and regulating the functional state of microglia is expected to be a potential avenue for PD treatment. In addition, plant extracts have shown great potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders due to their abundant resources, mild effects, and the presence of multiple active ingredients. However, it is worth noting that some natural products have certain toxic side effects, so it is necessary to pay attention to distinguish medicinal ingredients and usage and dosage when using to avoid aggravating the progression of diseases. In this review, the roles of microglia with different functional states in PD and the related pathways inducing microglia to transform into neuroprotective states are described. At the same time, it is discussed that abscisic acid (ABA) may regulate the polarization of microglia by targeting them, promote their transformation into neuroprotective state, reduce the neuroinflammatory response in PD, and provide a new idea for the treatment of PD and the selection of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Han
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.H.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.H.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Haixuan Liu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.H.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Lin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiangshu Cheng
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.H.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.H.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
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3
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Spataro S, Maco B, Escrig S, Jensen L, Polerecky L, Knott G, Meibom A, Schneider BL. Stable isotope labeling and ultra-high-resolution NanoSIMS imaging reveal alpha-synuclein-induced changes in neuronal metabolism in vivo. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:157. [PMID: 37770947 PMCID: PMC10540389 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, pathogenic factors such as the intraneuronal accumulation of the protein α-synuclein affect key metabolic processes. New approaches are required to understand how metabolic dysregulations cause degeneration of vulnerable subtypes of neurons in the brain. Here, we apply correlative electron microscopy and NanoSIMS isotopic imaging to map and quantify 13C enrichments in dopaminergic neurons at the subcellular level after pulse-chase administration of 13C-labeled glucose. To model a condition leading to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, human α-synuclein was unilaterally overexpressed in the substantia nigra of one brain hemisphere in rats. When comparing neurons overexpressing α-synuclein to those located in the control hemisphere, the carbon anabolism and turnover rates revealed metabolic anomalies in specific neuronal compartments and organelles. Overexpression of α-synuclein enhanced the overall carbon turnover in nigral neurons, despite a lower relative incorporation of carbon inside the nucleus. Furthermore, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus showed metabolic defects consistent with the effects of α-synuclein on inter-organellar communication. By revealing changes in the kinetics of carbon anabolism and turnover at the subcellular level, this approach can be used to explore how neurodegeneration unfolds in specific subpopulations of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Spataro
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bohumil Maco
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Escrig
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Louise Jensen
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lubos Polerecky
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Graham Knott
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bioelectron Microscopy Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Meibom
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Center for Advanced Surface Analysis, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- EPFL ENAC IIE LGB, Station 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.
- EPFL SV PTECH PTBTG, Ch. Des Mines 9, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Lee RMQ, Koh TW. Genetic modifiers of synucleinopathies-lessons from experimental models. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2:kvad001. [PMID: 38596238 PMCID: PMC10913850 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a pleiotropic protein underlying a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Together, these are known as synucleinopathies. Like all neurological diseases, understanding of disease mechanisms is hampered by the lack of access to biopsy tissues, precluding a real-time view of disease progression in the human body. This has driven researchers to devise various experimental models ranging from yeast to flies to human brain organoids, aiming to recapitulate aspects of synucleinopathies. Studies of these models have uncovered numerous genetic modifiers of α-synuclein, most of which are evolutionarily conserved. This review discusses what we have learned about disease mechanisms from these modifiers, and ways in which the study of modifiers have supported ongoing efforts to engineer disease-modifying interventions for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Min Qi Lee
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Tong-Wey Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Block S3 #05-01, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
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Singh R, Zahra W, Singh SS, Birla H, Rathore AS, Keshri PK, Dilnashin H, Singh S, Singh SP. Oleuropein confers neuroprotection against rotenone-induced model of Parkinson's disease via BDNF/CREB/Akt pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2452. [PMID: 36774383 PMCID: PMC9922328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Major pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD) include increase in oxidative stress leading to the aggregation of α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. In addition, downregulation of the expression of neurotrophic factors like-Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is also involved in PD progression. There has been a lot of interest in trophic factor-based neuroprotective medicines over the past few decades to treat PD symptoms. Rotenone, an insecticide, inhibits the mitochondrial complex I causing overproduction of ROS, oxidative stress, and aggregation of α-synuclein. It has been shown that BDNF and Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) interaction initiates the regulation of neuronal cell development and differentiation by the serine/threonine protein kinases like Akt and GSK-3β. Additionally, Transcription factor CREB (cAMP Response Element-binding protein) also determines the gene expression of BDNF. The homeostasis of these signalling cascades is compromised with the progression of PD. Therefore, maintaining the equilibrium of these signalling cascades will delay the onset of PD. Oleuropein (OLE), a polyphenolic compound present in olive leaves has been documented to cross blood brain barrier and shows potent antioxidative property. In the present study, the dose of 8, 16 and 32 mg/kg body weight (bwt) OLE was taken for dose standardisation. The optimised doses of 16 and 32 mg/kg bwt was found to be neuroprotective in Rotenone induced PD mouse model. OLE improves motor impairment and upregulate CREB regulation along with phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β in PD mouse. In addition, OLE also reduces the mitochondrial dysfunction by activation of enzyme complexes and downregulates the proapoptotic markers in Rotenone intoxicated mouse model. Overall, our study suggests that OLE may be used as a therapeutic agent for treatment of PD by regulating BDNF/CREB/Akt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Saumitra Sen Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Hareram Birla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Keshri
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Shekhar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
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Shadfar S, Khanal S, Bohara G, Kim G, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Ghavami S, Choi H, Choi DY. Methanolic Extract of Boswellia serrata Gum Protects the Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons from Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5874-5890. [PMID: 35804280 PMCID: PMC9395310 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Boswellia serrata gum is a natural product that showed beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases in recent studies. In this study, we investigated the effects of Boswellia serrata resin on rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Firstly, we attempted to see if the resin can induce AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway which has been known to have broad neuroprotective effects. Boswellia increased AMPK phosphorylation and reduced phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and α-synuclein (p-α-synuclein) in the striatum while increased the expression level of Beclin1, a marker for autophagy and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Next, we examined the neuroprotective effects of the Boswellia extract in the rotenone-injected mice. The results showed that Boswellia evidently attenuated the loss of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and microglial activation caused by rotenone. Moreover, Boswellia ameliorated rotenone-induced decrease in the striatal dopamine and impairment in motor function. Accumulation of α-synuclein meditated by rotenone was significantly ameliorated by Boswellia. Also, we showed that β-boswellic acid, the active constituents of Boswellia serrata gum, induced AMPK phosphorylation and attenuated α-synuclein phosphorylation in SHSY5 cells. These results suggest that Boswellia protected the dopaminergic neurons from rotenone neurotoxicity via activation of the AMPK pathway which might be associated with attenuation of α-synuclein aggregation and neuroinflammation. Further investigations are warranted to identify specific molecules in Boswellia which are responsible for the neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shadfar
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2121 NSW, Australia.
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak Avenue, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shristi Khanal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak Avenue, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Bohara
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak Avenue, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumjin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak Avenue, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institutes of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555, Katowice, Poland
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak Avenue, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak Avenue, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Dai J, Ports KD, Corrada MM, Odegaard AO, O’Connell J, Jiang L. Metformin and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review with Respect to Time Related Biases. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:443-459. [PMID: 36186728 PMCID: PMC9484147 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: When studying drug effects using observational data, time-related biases may exist and result in spurious associations. Numerous observational studies have investigated metformin and dementia risk, but have reported inconsistent findings, some of which might be caused by unaddressed time-related biases. Immortal time bias biases the results toward a “protective” effect, whereas time-lag and time-window biases can lead to either a “detrimental” or “protective” effect. Objective: To conduct a systematic review examining time-related biases in the literature on metformin and dementia. Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest were searched for the terms “Metformin” AND (“dementia” OR “Alzheimer’s Disease” OR “cognitive impairment"). These databases were searched from inception through 09/24/2021. Only English language articles and human research were eligible. Results: Seventeen studies were identified: thirteen cohort studies, two case-control studies, and two nested case-control studies. Eleven (64.7%) studies reported a reduced risk of dementia associated with metformin use; two (11.8%) suggested metformin increased dementia risk, while four (23.5%) concluded no significant associations. Eight (61.5%) of thirteen cohort studies had immortal time bias or did not clearly address it. Fifteen (88.2%) of seventeen reviewed studies had time-lag bias or did not clearly address it. Two (50.0%) of four case-control studies did not explicitly address time-window bias. The studies that addressed most biases concluded no associations between metformin and dementia risk. Conclusion: None of the reviewed studies clearly addressed relevant time-related biases, illustrating time-related biases are common in observational studies investigating the impact of anti-diabetic medications on dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Dai
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kayleen Deanna Ports
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maria M. Corrada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew O. Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joan O’Connell
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Luohua Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Function and regulation of ULK1: From physiology to pathology. Gene 2022; 840:146772. [PMID: 35905845 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The expression of ULK1, a core protein of autophagy, is closely related to autophagic activity. Numerous studies have shown that pathological abnormal expression of ULK1 is associated with various human diseases such as neurological disorders, infections, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases and cancers. In addition, new advances in the regulation of ULK1 have been identified. Furthermore, targeting ULK1 as a therapeutic strategy for diseases is gaining attention as new corresponding activators or inhibitors are being developed. In this review, we describe the structure and regulation of ULK1 as well as the current targeted activators and inhibitors. Moreover, we highlight the pathological disorders of ULK1 expression and its critical role in human diseases.
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de Donato A, Buonincontri V, Borriello G, Martinelli G, Mone P. The dopamine system: insights between kidney and brain. Kidney Blood Press Res 2022; 47:493-505. [PMID: 35378538 DOI: 10.1159/000522132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diseases in adult age and it is typical of older adults. Recent data suggest that almost half of the elders have CKD. It is now clear that CKD is accompanied, in the early stages, by cognitive impairment, together with depression and subtle abnormalities in motor control (such as gait and balance alterations). SUMMARY Several data suggest a link between brain dopamine and kidney diseases. Metabolic syndrome and diabetes can affect dopamine neuron survival (leading to Parkinson's Disease). Several uremic toxins in CKD (uric acid, indoxyl sulphate) and trace elements accumulating in CKD (aluminium, manganese) can also modify the dopaminergic system. Hormones produced by the kidney such as vitamin D are neuroprotective for dopamine neurons. Dopaminergic drugs are useful for the treatment of a common sleep disorder in CKD, the restless legs syndrome. However, experiments on animal models of CKD show conflicting results regarding a modification of dopamine neurons. KEY MESSAGES Several observations suggest a limited relevance of the dopaminergic system in CKD-related cognitive impairment. However, a common sleep disturbance in CKD, the restless leg syndrome, improves with dopaminergic drugs. Therefore, it remains to be established the role of the dopamine system in subtle motor dysfunction observed in CKD, such as tremors, gait alterations, and central sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio de Donato
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Buonincontri
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Borriello
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
- ASL Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
- ASL Avellino, Avellino, Italy
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Kim M, Kim J, Moon S, Choi BY, Kim S, Jeon HS, Suh SW, Kim YM, Choi YK. Korean Red Ginseng Improves Astrocytic Mitochondrial Function by Upregulating HO-1-Mediated AMPKα-PGC-1α-ERRα Circuit after Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13081. [PMID: 34884886 PMCID: PMC8657744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts beneficial effects, including angiogenesis and energy metabolism via the peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) pathway in astrocytes. However, the role of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) in HO-1-mediated mitochondrial function in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not well-elucidated. We found that HO-1 was upregulated in astrocytes located in peri-injured brain regions after a TBI, following exposure to KRGE. Experiments with pharmacological inhibitors and target-specific siRNAs revealed that HO-1 levels highly correlated with increased AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) activation, which led to the PGC-1α-ERRα axis-induced increases in mitochondrial functions (detected based on expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (MTCO2) and cytochrome c as well as O2 consumption and ATP production). Knockdown of ERRα significantly reduced the p-AMPKα/AMPKα ratio and PGC-1α expression, leading to AMPKα-PGC-1α-ERRα circuit formation. Inactivation of HO by injecting the HO inhibitor Sn(IV) protoporphyrin IX dichloride diminished the expression of p-AMPKα, PGC-1α, ERRα, MTCO2, and cytochrome c in the KRGE-administered peri-injured region of a brain subjected to TBI. These data suggest that KRGE enhanced astrocytic mitochondrial function via a HO-1-mediated AMPKα-PGC-1α-ERRα circuit and consequent oxidative phosphorylation, O2 consumption, and ATP production. This circuit may play an important role in repairing neurovascular function after TBI in the peri-injured region by stimulating astrocytic mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kim
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.K.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (H.S.J.)
| | - Joohwan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Sunhong Moon
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.K.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (H.S.J.)
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (B.Y.C.); (S.W.S.)
| | - Sueun Kim
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.K.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (H.S.J.)
| | - Hui Su Jeon
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.K.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (H.S.J.)
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (B.Y.C.); (S.W.S.)
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.K.); (S.M.); (S.K.); (H.S.J.)
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11
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Zhang K, Zhu S, Li J, Jiang T, Feng L, Pei J, Wang G, Ouyang L, Liu B. Targeting autophagy using small-molecule compounds to improve potential therapy of Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3015-3034. [PMID: 34729301 PMCID: PMC8546670 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), known as one of the most universal neurodegenerative diseases, is a serious threat to the health of the elderly. The current treatment has been demonstrated to relieve symptoms, and the discovery of new small-molecule compounds has been regarded as a promising strategy. Of note, the homeostasis of the autolysosome pathway (ALP) is closely associated with PD, and impaired autophagy may cause the death of neurons and thereby accelerating the progress of PD. Thus, pharmacological targeting autophagy with small-molecule compounds has been drawn a rising attention so far. In this review, we focus on summarizing several autophagy-associated targets, such as AMPK, mTORC1, ULK1, IMPase, LRRK2, beclin-1, TFEB, GCase, ERRα, C-Abelson, and as well as their relevant small-molecule compounds in PD models, which will shed light on a clue on exploiting more potential targeted small-molecule drugs tracking PD treatment in the near future.
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Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyladenine
- 5-HT2A, Serotonin 2A
- 5-HT2C, serotonin 2C
- A2A, adenosine 2A
- AADC, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
- ALP, autophagy-lysosomal pathway
- AMPK, 5ʹAMP-activated protein kinase
- ATG, autophagy related protein
- ATP13A2, ATPase cation transporting 13A2
- ATTEC, autophagosome-tethering compound
- AUC, the area under the curve
- AUTAC, autophagy targeting chimera
- Autophagy
- BAF, bafilomycinA1
- BBB, blood−brain barrier
- CL, clearance rate
- CMA, chaperone-mediated autophagy
- CNS, central nervous system
- COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase
- DA, dopamine
- DAT, dopamine transporter
- DJ-1, Parkinson protein 7
- DR, dopamine receptor
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERRα, estrogen-related receptor alpha
- F, oral bioavailability
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GBA, glucocerebrosidase β acid
- GWAS, genome-wide association study
- HDAC6, histone deacetylase 6
- HSC70, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein
- HSPA8, heat shock 70 kDa protein 8
- IMPase, inositol monophosphatase
- IPPase, inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase
- KI, knockin
- LAMP2A, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 A
- LC3, light chain 3
- LIMP-2, lysosomal integrated membrane protein-2
- LRRK2, leucine-rich repeat sequence kinase 2
- LRS, leucyl-tRNA synthetase
- LUHMES, lund human mesencephalic
- Lamp2a, type 2A lysosomal-associated membrane protein
- MAO-B, monoamine oxidase B
- MPP+, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
- MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine
- MYCBP2, MYC-binding protein 2
- NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid
- ONRs, orphan nuclear receptors
- PD therapy
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PDE4, phosphodiesterase 4
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PI3P, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
- PINK1, PTEN-induced kinase 1
- PLC, phospholipase C
- PREP, prolyl oligopeptidase
- Parkin, parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin−protein ligase
- Parkinson's disease (PD)
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SAS, solvent accessible surface
- SN, substantia nigra
- SNCA, α-synuclein gene
- SYT11, synaptotagmin 11
- Small-molecule compound
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TSC2, tuberous sclerosis complex 2
- Target
- ULK1, UNC-51-like kinase 1
- UPS, ubiquitin−proteasome system
- mAChR, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
- mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin
- α-syn, α-synuclein
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Su J, Zhang J, Bao R, Xia C, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Lv Q, Qi Y, Xue J. Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are attenuated through activation of AMPK/GSK-3β/PP2A pathway in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174202. [PMID: 34048739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurological disorder worldwide, characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons and decrease of dopamine content. Mitochondria plays an important role in the development of PD. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are all key proteins that regulate mitochondrial metabolism and apoptosis, and they are involved in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we aimed to explore the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced PD mice and MPP+ iodide-induced PC12 cells. MPTP-induced mice were subjected to behavioral testing to assess PD-like behaviors. Various molecular biological techniques including ELISA, Western blot, TUNEL assay, flow cytometry, and the important instruments Seahorse XF24 Extracellular and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were used to identify the underlying molecular events of mitochondria. Treatment with the AMPK activator GSK621 dramatically ameliorated PD by increasing the levels of dopamine and rescuing the loss of dopaminergic neurons, which is dependent on the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, regulation of AMPK/GSK-3β/PP2A pathway-related proteins by GSK621 was partially inhibited the development of PD, suggesting a negative feedback loop exists between AMPK action and mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated apoptosis. Our data preliminarily indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of PD might be mediated by AMPK/GSK-3β/PP2A pathway action, which might be a promising new option for future therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Su
- Neurology Department, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Neurology Department, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changbo Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 16, Nanmen Street, Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 16, Nanmen Street, Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 16, Nanmen Street, Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjie Qi
- Neurology Department, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqin Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 16, Nanmen Street, Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, Jiangsu, China.
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Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Tuladhar S, Bhat A, Srinivasan A, Pellegrino C, Kannan A, Bolla SR, Chidambaram SB, Sakharkar MK. "Janus-Faced" α-Synuclein: Role in Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673395. [PMID: 34124057 PMCID: PMC8194081 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a pathological condition characterized by the aggregation and the resultant presence of intraneuronal inclusions termed Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites which are mainly composed of fibrillar α-synuclein (α-syn) protein. Pathogenic aggregation of α-syn is identified as the major cause of LBs deposition. Several mutations in α-syn showing varied aggregation kinetics in comparison to the wild type (WT) α-syn are reported in PD (A30P, E46K, H 50Q, G51D, A53E, and A53T). Also, the cell-to-cell spread of pathological α-syn plays a significant role in PD development. Interestingly, it has also been suggested that the pathology of PD may begin in the gastrointestinal tract and spread via the vagus nerve (VN) to brain proposing the gut-brain axis of α-syn pathology in PD. Despite multiple efforts, the behavior and functions of this protein in normal and pathological states (specifically in PD) is far from understood. Furthermore, the etiological factors responsible for triggering aggregation of this protein remain elusive. This review is an attempt to collate and present latest information on α-syn in relation to its structure, biochemistry and biophysics of aggregation in PD. Current advances in therapeutic efforts toward clearing the pathogenic α-syn via autophagy/lysosomal flux are also reviewed and reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Sunanda Tuladhar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Abid Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Asha Srinivasan
- Division of Nanoscience & Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Christophe Pellegrino
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institute of Mediterranean Neurobiology, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anbarasu Kannan
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Bolla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Special Interest Group – Brain, Behaviour, and Cognitive Neurosciences Research, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
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Ali T, Rehman SU, Khan A, Badshah H, Abid NB, Kim MW, Jo MH, Chung SS, Lee HG, Rutten BPF, Kim MO. Adiponectin-mimetic novel nonapeptide rescues aberrant neuronal metabolic-associated memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 33849621 PMCID: PMC8042910 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we and other researchers reported that brain metabolic disorders are implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive, devastating and incurable neurodegenerative disease. Hence, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to explore potential and novel therapeutic targets/agents for the treatment of AD. The neuronal adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) is an emerging potential target for intervention in metabolic-associated AD. We aimed to validate this hypothesis and explore in-depth the therapeutic effects of an osmotin-derived adiponectin-mimetic novel nonapeptide (Os-pep) on metabolic-associated AD. Methods We used an Os-pep dosage regimen (5 μg/g, i.p., on alternating days for 45 days) for APP/PS1 in amyloid β oligomer-injected, transgenic adiponectin knockout (Adipo−/−) and AdipoR1 knockdown mice. After behavioral studies, brain tissues were subjected to biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. In separate cohorts of mice, electrophysiolocal and Golgi staining experiments were performed. To validate the in vivo studies, we used human APP Swedish (swe)/Indiana (ind)-overexpressing neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, which were subjected to knockdown of AdipoR1 and APMK with siRNAs, treated with Os-pep and other conditions as per the mechanistic approach, and we proceeded to perform further biochemical analyses. Results Our in vitro and in vivo results show that Os-pep has good safety and neuroprotection profiles and crosses the blood-brain barrier. We found reduced levels of neuronal AdipoR1 in human AD brain tissue. Os-pep stimulates AdipoR1 and its downstream target, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, in AD and Adipo−/− mice. Mechanistically, in all of the in vivo and in vitro studies, Os-pep rescued aberrant neuronal metabolism by reducing neuronal insulin resistance and activated downstream insulin signaling through regulation of AdipoR1/AMPK signaling to consequently improve the memory functions of the AD and Adipo−/− mice, which was associated with improved synaptic function and long-term potentiation via an AdipoR1-dependent mechanism. Conclusion Our findings show that Os-pep activates AdipoR1/AMPK signaling and regulates neuronal insulin resistance and insulin signaling, which subsequently rescues memory deficits in AD and adiponectin-deficient models. Taken together, the results indicate that Os-pep, as an adiponectin-mimetic novel nonapeptide, is a valuable and promising potential therapeutic candidate to treat aberrant brain metabolism associated with AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00445-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Amjad Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Haroon Badshah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Noman Bin Abid
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Hoon Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Gon Lee
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Translational Neuroscience and Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Build-UPS and break-downs: metabolism impacts on proteostasis and aging. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:505-521. [PMID: 33398091 PMCID: PMC7862225 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of metabolism elicits cellular stress which profoundly modulates the cellular proteome and thus protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Consequently, changes in the cellular proteome due to metabolic shift require adaptive mechanisms by molecular protein quality control. The mechanisms vitally controlling proteostasis embrace the entire life cycle of a protein involving translational control at the ribosome, chaperone-assisted native folding, and subcellular sorting as well as proteolysis by the proteasome or autophagy. While metabolic imbalance and proteostasis decline have been recognized as hallmarks of aging and age-associated diseases, both processes are largely considered independently. Here, we delineate how proteome stability is governed by insulin/IGF1 signaling (IIS), mechanistic target of Rapamycin (TOR), 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and NAD-dependent deacetylases (Sir2-like proteins known as sirtuins). This comprehensive overview is emphasizing the regulatory interconnection between central metabolic pathways and proteostasis, indicating the relevance of shared signaling nodes as targets for future therapeutic interventions. ![]()
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16
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Nano-imaging trace elements at organelle levels in substantia nigra overexpressing α-synuclein to model Parkinson's disease. Commun Biol 2020; 3:364. [PMID: 32647232 PMCID: PMC7347932 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-cellular trace element quantifications of nano-heterogeneities in brain tissues offer unprecedented ways to explore at elemental level the interplay between cellular compartments in neurodegenerative pathologies. We designed a quasi-correlative method for analytical nanoimaging of the substantia nigra, based on transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. It combines ultrastructural identifications of cellular compartments and trace element nanoimaging near detection limits, for increased signal-to-noise ratios. Elemental composition of different organelles is compared to cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments in dopaminergic neurons of rat substantia nigra. They exhibit 150–460 ppm of Fe, with P/Zn/Fe-rich nucleoli in a P/S-depleted nuclear matrix and Ca-rich rough endoplasmic reticula. Cytoplasm analysis displays sub-micron Fe/S-rich granules, including lipofuscin. Following AAV-mediated overexpression of α-synuclein protein associated with Parkinson’s disease, these granules shift towards higher Fe concentrations. This effect advocates for metal (Fe) dyshomeostasis in discrete cytoplasmic regions, illustrating the use of this method to explore neuronal dysfunction in brain diseases. Lemelle et al. describe the use of TEM and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence for quasi-correlative nanoimaging and sub-cellular trace element quantification of rat brain tissue. They further observe elemental (iron and sulfur) dyshomeostasis in cytoplasmic granules when overexpressing α-synuclein protein associated with Parkinson’s disease, demonstrating the usefulness of this method to further explore dysfunctions at organelle levels in brain diseases.
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17
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Dietary Amino Acids Impact LRRK2-Induced Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease Models. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6234-6249. [PMID: 32605938 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2809-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The G2019S mutation in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a common cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) and results in age-related dopamine neuron loss and locomotor dysfunction in Drosophila melanogaster through an aberrant increase in bulk neuronal protein synthesis. Under nonpathologic conditions, protein synthesis is tightly controlled by metabolic regulation. Whether nutritional and metabolic influences on protein synthesis can modulate the pathogenic effect of LRRK2 on protein synthesis and thereby impact neuronal loss is a key unresolved question. Here, we show that LRRK2 G2019S-induced neurodegeneration is critically dependent on dietary amino acid content in Drosophila studies with both sexes. Low dietary amino acid concentration prevents aberrant protein synthesis and blocks LRRK2 G2019S-mediated neurodegeneration in Drosophila and rat primary neurons. Unexpectedly, a moderately high-amino acid diet also blocks dopamine neuron loss and motor deficits in Drosophila through a separate mechanism involving stress-responsive activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and neuroprotective induction of autophagy, implicating the importance of protein homeostasis to neuronal viability. At the highest amino acid diet of the range tested, PD-related neurodegeneration occurs in an age-related manner, but is also observed in control strains, suggesting that it is independent of mutant LRRK2 expression. We propose that dietary influences on protein synthesis and autophagy are critical determinants of LRRK2 neurodegeneration, opening up possibilities for future therapeutic intervention.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Parkinson's disease (PD) prevalence is projected to rise as populations continue to age, yet there are no current therapeutic approaches that delay or stop disease progression. A broad role for leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations in familial and idiopathic PD has emerged. Here, we show that dietary amino acids are important determinants of neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of LRRK2 PD. Restricting all amino acids effectively suppresses dopaminergic neuron loss and locomotor deficits and is associated with reduced protein synthesis, while moderately high amino acids similarly attenuate these PD-related phenotypes through a stress-responsive induction of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase and autophagy. These studies suggest that diet plays an important role in the development of PD-related phenotypes linked to LRRK2.
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Kang RR, Sun Q, Chen KG, Cao QT, Liu C, Liu K, Ma Z, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu B. Resveratrol prevents benzo(a)pyrene-induced disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis via the AMPK signaling pathway in primary cultured neurons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114207. [PMID: 32220751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) has been shown to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and injury to neural cells. Resveratrol (RSV) has been studied as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anticancer agent and can modulate mitochondrial function in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying RSV's protection against mitochondrial dysfunction have not been fully elucidated. To investigate whether RSV can effectively prevent BaP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, we tested the effects of RSV in primary neuronal models. Our results confirmed that neurons exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in the mitochondrial pathway after BaP-treatment, and that pretreatment with RSV could reduce that dysfunction. Further, our results indicated that RSV pretreatment enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis via the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway and activated mitophagy via the PINK1-Parkin and AMPK/ULK1 pathways, thereby coordinating mitochondrial homeostasis. We also found that RSV could alleviate mitochondrial network fragmentation caused by BaP. This work provided insights into the role of RSV in preventing BaP-induced primary neuronal apoptosis in the mitochondrial pathway, mainly via regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy through AMPK pathway, thus maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Run Kang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Kai-Ge Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Qing-Tian Cao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Wilkaniec A, Cieślik M, Murawska E, Babiec L, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Pałasz E, Jęśko H, Adamczyk A. P2X7 Receptor is Involved in Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Extracellular Alpha Synuclein in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113959. [PMID: 32486485 PMCID: PMC7312811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) belongs to a family of trimeric ion channels that are gated by extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP). Several studies have pointed to a role of P2X7R-dependent signalling in Parkinson's disease (PD)-related neurodegeneration. The pathology of (PD) is characterized by the formation of insoluble alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates—Lewy bodies, but the mechanisms underlying α-Syn-induced dopaminergic cell death are still partially unclear. Our previous studies indicate that extracellular α-Syn directly interact with neuronal P2X7R and induces intracellular free calcium mobilization in neuronal cells. The main objective of this study was to examine the involvement of P2X7R receptor in α-Syn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. We found that P2X7R stimulation is responsible for α-Syn-induced oxidative stress and activation of the molecular pathways of programmed cell death. Exogenous α-Syn treatment led to P2X7R-dependent decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential as well as elevation of mitochondrial ROS production resulting in breakdown of cellular energy production. Moreover, P2X7R-dependent deregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase as well as decrease in parkin protein level could be responsible for α-Syn-induced mitophagy impairment and accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. P2X7R might be putative pharmacological targets in molecular mechanism of extracellular α-Syn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-608-66-00; Fax: +48-22-608-64-13
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Emilia Murawska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Warsaw University, Miecznikowa 1 Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Lidia Babiec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Ewelina Pałasz
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
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Wu H, Sun H, He Z, Chen X, Li Y, Zhao X, Kong W, Kong W. The effect and mechanism of 19S proteasome PSMD11/Rpn6 subunit in D-Galactose induced mimetic aging models. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:112093. [PMID: 32450067 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Regulating proteasome activity is a potent therapeutic aspect of age-related hearing loss, which has been proven to protect neurons from age-related damaging. PSMD11, subunit of the 19S proteasome regulatory particle, is known to mainly up-regulate proteasome activity and prolong aging. However, the mechanism of PSMD11 in age-related hearing loss has not been deeply explored. In the present study, we explore the function and mechanism of PSMD11 protecting neurons in d-Galactose (D-Gal) mimetic aging models. Age-related pathologies were detected by Taq-PCR, ABR, Transmission electron microscopy, toluidine blue and β-galactosidase staining. The relative expressions of the proteins were explored by Western blotting, oxyblot, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry was used to manifest the oxidative state. We discovered that proteasome activity was impaired with aging, and that ROS and toxic protein accumulated in D-Gal induced aging models. PSMD11 changed with aging, and was associated with the metabolism of proteasome activity in the D-Gal treated models. Moreover, the knockdown or overexpression of PSMD11 was sufficient to change the oxidative state caused by D-Gal. Our results also demonstrated that PSMD11 could bond to AMPKα1/2 in the auditory cortex and PC12 cells, and AMPKα2 but not AMPKα1 was efficient to regulate the function of PSMD11. Deeper insights into the mechanisms of regulating PSMD11 for the anti-aging process are needed, and may offer novel therapeutic methods for central presbycusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Haiying Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zuhong He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yongqin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Wen Kong
- Departments of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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FGF21 Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson's Disease Models Via Repression of Neuroinflammation. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:616-627. [PMID: 31997152 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor21 (FGF21), a member of the FGF family, plays multiple biological functions including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis. It has been shown that FGF21 protects cells from acute injury in several kinds of cells such as islet β-cells, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and dopaminergic neurons. However, whether FGF21 plays neuroprotective roles against Parkinsonian syndrome in vivo has not been elucidated. Our results showed that FGF21 markedly improves cell survival in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells and primary dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, we treated MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) model mice with the recombinant FGF21 via intranasal pathway. The results showed that FGF21 treatment significantly improves behavioral performances and prevents tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) loss in the substantia nigra par compacta (SNpc) and striatum. Mechanistically, FGF21 stimulates the AMPK/PGC-1α axis to promote mitochondrial functions. Moreover, FGF21 attenuates microglia and astrocyte activation induced by MPTP, leading to a low level of inflammation in the brain. Our data indicate that FGF21 prevents dopaminergic neuron loss and shows beneficial effects against MPTP-induced PD syndrome in mice, indicating it might be a potent candidate for developing novel drugs to deal with PD.
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22
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Park JH, Burgess JD, Faroqi AH, DeMeo NN, Fiesel FC, Springer W, Delenclos M, McLean PJ. Alpha-synuclein-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is mediated via a sirtuin 3-dependent pathway. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:5. [PMID: 31931835 PMCID: PMC6956494 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misfolding and aggregation of the presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein (αsyn) is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. Although predominantly localized in the cytosol, a body of evidence has shown that αsyn localizes to mitochondria and contributes to the disruption of key mitochondrial processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to the progression of PD and mutations in mitochondrial-associated proteins are found in familial cases of PD. The sirtuins are highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes that play a broad role in cellular metabolism and aging. Interestingly, mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) plays a major role in maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing oxidative stress, and is downregulated in aging and age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we hypothesize that αsyn is associated with decreased SIRT3 levels contributing to impaired mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis in PD. METHODS The level of mitochondrial SIRT3 was assessed in cells expressing oligomeric αsyn within the cytosolic and mitochondrial-enriched fractions. Mitochondrial integrity, respiration, and health were examined using several markers of mitochondrial dynamics and stress response and by measuring the rate of oxygen consumption (OCR). Our findings were validated in a rodent model of PD as well as in human post-mortem Lewy body disease (LBD) brain tissue. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that αsyn associates with mitochondria and induces a decrease in mitochondrial SIRT3 levels and mitochondrial biogenesis. We show that SIRT3 downregulation is accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), as well as increased phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), indicative of impaired mitochondrial dynamics. OCR was significantly decreased suggesting a mitochondria respiratory deficit. Interestingly treatment with AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) restores SIRT3 expression, improves mitochondrial function, and decreases αsyn oligomer formation in a SIRT3-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings suggest that pharmacologically increasing SIRT3 levels can counteract αsyn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing αsyn oligomers and normalizing mitochondrial bioenergetics. These data support a protective role for SIRT3 in PD-associated pathways and contribute significant mechanistic insight into the interplay of SIRT3 and αsyn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyeon Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Jeremy D. Burgess
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Ayman H. Faroqi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Natasha N. DeMeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Fabienne C. Fiesel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Marion Delenclos
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Pamela J. McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
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23
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Emerging neuroprotective effect of metformin in Parkinson's disease: A molecular crosstalk. Pharmacol Res 2019; 152:104593. [PMID: 31843673 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and Lewy pathology. PD is a major concern of today's aging population and has emerged as a global health burden. Despite the rapid advances in PD research over the past decades, the gold standard therapy provides only symptomatic relief and fails to halt disease progression. Therefore, exploring novel disease-modifying therapeutic strategies is highly demanded. Metformin, which is currently used as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has recently demonstrated to exert a neuroprotective role in several neurodegenerative disorders including PD, both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we explore the neuroprotective potential of metformin based on emerging evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies. Regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms, metformin has been shown to inhibit α-synuclein (SNCA) phosphorylation and aggregation, prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, attenuate oxidative stress, modulate autophagy mainly via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, as well as prevent neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Overall, the neuroprotective effects of metformin in PD pathogenesis present a novel promising therapeutic strategy that might overcome the limitations of current PD treatment.
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24
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Sergi D, Renaud J, Simola N, Martinoli MG. Diabetes, a Contemporary Risk for Parkinson's Disease: Epidemiological and Cellular Evidences. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:302. [PMID: 31787891 PMCID: PMC6856011 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a group of diseases characterized by defective glucose metabolism, is the most widespread metabolic disorder affecting over 400 million adults worldwide. This pathological condition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of central encephalopathies and peripheral neuropathies. In further support of this notion, recent epidemiological evidence suggests a link between DM and Parkinson’s disease (PD), with hyperglycemia emerging as one of the culprits in neurodegeneration involving the nigrostriatal pathway, the neuroanatomical substrate of the motor symptoms affecting parkinsonian patients. Indeed, dopaminergic neurons located in the mesencephalic substantia nigra appear to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress and degeneration, likely because of their intrinsic susceptibility to mitochondrial dysfunction, which may represent a direct consequence of hyperglycemia and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. Other pathological pathways induced by increased intracellular glucose levels, including the polyol and the hexosamine pathway as well as the formation of advanced glycation end-products, may all play a pivotal role in mediating the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia on nigral dopaminergic neurons. In this review article, we will examine the epidemiological as well as the molecular and cellular clues supporting the potential susceptibility of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Justine Renaud
- Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,National Institute for Neuroscience (INN), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria-Grazia Martinoli
- Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval and CHU Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
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25
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Xie Y, Niu M, Ji C, Huang TY, Zhang C, Tian Y, Shi Z, Wang C, Zhao Y, Luo H, Can D, Xu H, Zhang YW, Zhang X. SNX8 Enhances Non-amyloidogenic APP Trafficking and Attenuates Aβ Accumulation and Memory Deficits in an AD Mouse. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:410. [PMID: 31551717 PMCID: PMC6743354 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of various APP trafficking components in the endosome has been previously implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although single nucleotide polymorphisms within the gene locus encoding the endosomal component, SNX8 have been previously associated with AD, how SNX8 levels are altered and its contribution to AD onset is currently unknown. Here, we observe decreased expression of SNX8 in human AD and AD mouse brain. SNX8 predominantly localized to early and late endosomes, where SNX8 overexpression enhanced total APP levels, cell surface APP distribution and consequent soluble APPα cleavage. SNX8 depletion resulted in elevated β-amyloid (Aβ) levels, while SNX8 overexpression reduced Aβ levels in cells and in an APP/PS1 AD mouse model. Importantly, SNX8 overexpression rescued cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Together, these results implicate a neuroprotective role for SNX8 in enhancing non-amyloidogenic APP trafficking and processing pathways. Given that endosomal dysfunction is an early event in AD, restoration of dysfunctional endosomal components such as SNX8 may be beneficial in future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhuang Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengxi Niu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chengxiang Ji
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhun Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dan Can
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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26
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Gao J, Perera G, Bhadbhade M, Halliday GM, Dzamko N. Autophagy activation promotes clearance of α-synuclein inclusions in fibril-seeded human neural cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14241-14256. [PMID: 31375560 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much interest in delineating the mechanisms by which the α-synuclein protein accumulates in brains of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Preclinical studies with rodent and primate models have indicated that fibrillar forms of α-synuclein can initiate the propagation of endogenous α-synuclein pathology. However, the underlying mechanisms by which α-synuclein fibrils seed pathology remain unclear. To investigate this further, we have used exogenous fibrillar α-synuclein to seed endogenous α-synuclein pathology in human neuronal cell lines, including primary human neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells. Fluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analyses were used to monitor levels of α-synuclein and key autophagy/lysosomal proteins over time in the exogenous α-synuclein fibril-treated neurons. We observed that temporal changes in the accumulation of cytoplasmic α-synuclein inclusions were associated with changes in the key autophagy/lysosomal markers. Of note, chloroquine-mediated blockade of autophagy increased accumulation of α-synuclein inclusions, and rapamycin-induced activation of autophagy, or use of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonists, promoted the clearance of fibril-mediated α-synuclein pathology. These results suggest a key role for autophagy in clearing fibrillar α-synuclein pathologies in human neuronal cells. We propose that our findings may help inform the development of human neural cell models for screening of potential therapeutic compounds for PD or for providing insight into the mechanisms of α-synuclein propagation. Our results further add to existing evidence that AMPK activation may be a therapeutic option for managing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqun Gao
- ForeFront Dementia and Movement Disorders Laboratory, Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Gayathri Perera
- ForeFront Dementia and Movement Disorders Laboratory, Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Megha Bhadbhade
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- ForeFront Dementia and Movement Disorders Laboratory, Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Nicolas Dzamko
- ForeFront Dementia and Movement Disorders Laboratory, Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia .,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia
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27
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Yan WJ, Wang DB, Ren DQ, Wang LK, Hu ZY, Ma YB, Huang JW, Ding SL. AMPKα1 overexpression improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats through AMPK-Sirt1 and autophagy signaling. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11633-11641. [PMID: 30775803 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication in elderly patients who undergo surgery involving anesthesia. Its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Autophagy plays an important role in the damage and repair of the nervous system and is associated with the development of POCD. Using a rat model, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1), an important autophagy regulator, was found to be significantly downregulated in rats with POCD that was induced by sevoflurane anesthesia or by appendectomy. Overexpression of AMPKα1-ameliorated POCD, as indicated by decreased escape latencies and increased target quadrant swimming times, swimming distances, and platform crossing times during Morris water maze tests. AMPKα1 overexpression activated autophagy signals by increasing the expression of light chain 3 II (LC3-II) and Beclin1 and decreasing the expression of p62 in the hippocampus of rats with POCD. Moreover, blocking autophagy by 3-methyladenine partly attenuated AMPKα1-mediated POCD improvement. Furthermore, overexpression of AMPKα1 could upregulate the expression of p-AMPK and Sirt1 in the hippocampus of rats with POCD. Intriguingly, inhibiting AMPK signals via Compound C effectively attenuated AMPKα1-mediated POCD improvement, concomitant with the downregulation of p-AMPK, Sirt1, LC3-II, and Beclin1 and the upregulation of p62. We thus concluded that overexpression of AMPKα1 can improve POCD via the AMPK-Sirt1 and autophagy signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Da-Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ling-Kai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ya-Bing Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jin-Wen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shao-Li Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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28
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Ma D, Liu X, Liu J, Li M, Chen L, Gao M, Xu W, Yang Y. Long-term liraglutide ameliorates nigrostriatal impairment via regulating AMPK/PGC-1a signaling in diabetic mice. Brain Res 2019; 1714:126-132. [PMID: 30826352 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates links between type 2 diabetes and Parkinson's disease. The glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, liraglutide, a commonly used anti-diabetic drug, has protective effects on neurons. The goal of this study was to determine whether long-term liraglutide treatment could reduce the risk of adult type 2 diabetic mice developing Parkinson's disease. Male diabetic db/db mice (12 weeks old) were injected daily with liraglutide (n = 8), or saline (n = 8), and non-diabetic m/m littermates (n = 6) were included as controls. Motor function was assessed every 4 weeks and all mice were sacrificed after 8 weeks of drug intervention for further analysis. The results revealed that long-term treatment of liraglutide protected the db/db mice against the motor function decay and the dopaminergic neuron loss. Liraglutide also restored the impaired AMP kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1a (PGC-1a) signaling in the striatum of db/db mice. Further experiments in SH-SY5Y cells supported that AMPK is involved in the neuroprotective effect of liraglutide. In summary, long-term liraglutide ameliorated motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuron impairment in type 2 diabetic mice, probably via enhancing AMPK/PGC-1a signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Juanhong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengni Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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29
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Natural activators of adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and their pharmacological activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Mulcahy MJ, Paulo JA, Hawrot E. Proteomic Investigation of Murine Neuronal α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Interacting Proteins. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3959-3975. [PMID: 30285449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel that is expressed widely in vertebrates and is the principal high-affinity α-bungarotoxin (α-bgtx) binding protein in the mammalian CNS. α7-nAChRs associate with proteins that can modulate its properties. The α7-nAChR interactome is the summation of proteins interacting or associating with α7-nAChRs in a protein complex. To identify an α7-nAChR interactome in neural tissue, we isolated α-bgtx-affinity protein complexes from wild-type and α7-nAChR knockout (α7 KO) mouse whole brain tissue homogenates using α-bgtx-affinity beads. Affinity precipitated proteins were trypsinized and analyzed with an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer. Proteins isolated with the α7-nAChR specific ligand, α-bgtx, were determined to be α7-nAChR associated proteins. The α7-nAChR subunit and 120 additional proteins were identified. Additionally, 369 proteins were identified as binding to α-bgtx in the absence of α7-nAChR expression, thereby identifying nonspecific proteins for α7-nAChR investigations using α-bgtx enrichment. These results expand on our previous investigations of α7-nAChR interacting proteins using α-bgtx-affinity bead isolation by controlling for differences between α7-nAChR and α-bgtx-specific proteins, developing an improved protein isolation methodology, and incorporating the latest technology in mass spectrometry. The α7-nAChR interactome identified in this study includes proteins associated with the expression, localization, function, or modulation of α7-nAChRs, and it provides a foundation for future studies to elucidate how these interactions contribute to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Mulcahy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard , Pasadena , California 91125-2900 , United States.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , 240 Longwood Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Edward Hawrot
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
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Rotermund C, Machetanz G, Fitzgerald JC. The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:400. [PMID: 30072954 PMCID: PMC6060268 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for treatments for neurodegenerative diseases is a major concern in light of today's aging population and an increasing burden on individuals, families, and society. Although great advances have been made in the last decades to understand the underlying genetic and biological cause of these diseases, only some symptomatic treatments are available. Metformin has long since been used to treat Type 2 Diabetes and has been shown to be beneficial in several other conditions. Metformin is well-tested in vitro and in vivo and an approved compound that targets diverse pathways including mitochondrial energy production and insulin signaling. There is growing evidence for the benefits of metformin to counteract age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. We will discuss evidence showing that certain neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes are explicitly linked and that metformin along with other diabetes drugs can reduce neurological symptoms in some patients and reduce disease phenotypes in animal and cell models. An interesting therapeutic factor might be how metformin is able to balance survival and death signaling in cells through pathways that are commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In healthy neurons, these overarching signals keep energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and proteostasis in check, avoiding the dysfunction and neuronal death that defines neurodegenerative disease. We will discuss the biological mechanisms involved and the relevance of neuronal vulnerability and potential difficulties for future trials and development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerrit Machetanz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia C. Fitzgerald
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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32
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Rotermund C, Machetanz G, Fitzgerald JC. The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:400. [PMID: 30072954 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00400/xml/nlm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for treatments for neurodegenerative diseases is a major concern in light of today's aging population and an increasing burden on individuals, families, and society. Although great advances have been made in the last decades to understand the underlying genetic and biological cause of these diseases, only some symptomatic treatments are available. Metformin has long since been used to treat Type 2 Diabetes and has been shown to be beneficial in several other conditions. Metformin is well-tested in vitro and in vivo and an approved compound that targets diverse pathways including mitochondrial energy production and insulin signaling. There is growing evidence for the benefits of metformin to counteract age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. We will discuss evidence showing that certain neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes are explicitly linked and that metformin along with other diabetes drugs can reduce neurological symptoms in some patients and reduce disease phenotypes in animal and cell models. An interesting therapeutic factor might be how metformin is able to balance survival and death signaling in cells through pathways that are commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In healthy neurons, these overarching signals keep energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and proteostasis in check, avoiding the dysfunction and neuronal death that defines neurodegenerative disease. We will discuss the biological mechanisms involved and the relevance of neuronal vulnerability and potential difficulties for future trials and development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerrit Machetanz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia C Fitzgerald
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Curry DW, Stutz B, Andrews ZB, Elsworth JD. Targeting AMPK Signaling as a Neuroprotective Strategy in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2018; 8:161-181. [PMID: 29614701 PMCID: PMC6004921 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by the accumulation of intracellular α-synuclein aggregates and the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. While no treatment strategy has been proven to slow or halt the progression of the disease, there is mounting evidence from preclinical PD models that activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may have broad neuroprotective effects. Numerous dietary supplements and pharmaceuticals (e.g., metformin) that increase AMPK activity are available for use in humans, but clinical studies of their effects in PD patients are limited. AMPK is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that is activated by falling energy levels and functions to restore cellular energy balance. However, in response to certain cellular stressors, AMPK activation may exacerbate neuronal atrophy and cell death. This review describes the regulation and functions of AMPK, evaluates the controversies in the field, and assesses the potential of targeting AMPK signaling as a neuroprotective treatment for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Curry
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bernardo Stutz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Elsworth
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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