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Farris T, González-Ochoa S, Mohammed M, Rajakaruna H, Tonello J, Kanagasabai T, Korolkova O, Shimamoto A, Ivanova A, Shanker A. Loss of Mitochondrial Tusc2/Fus1 Triggers a Brain Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment and Early Spatial Memory Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7406. [PMID: 39000512 PMCID: PMC11242373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain pathological changes impair cognition early in disease etiology. There is an urgent need to understand aging-linked mechanisms of early memory loss to develop therapeutic strategies and prevent the development of cognitive impairment. Tusc2 is a mitochondrial-resident protein regulating Ca2+ fluxes to and from mitochondria impacting overall health. We previously reported that Tusc2-/- female mice develop chronic inflammation and age prematurely, causing age- and sex-dependent spatial memory deficits at 5 months old. Therefore, we investigated Tusc2-dependent mechanisms of memory impairment in 4-month-old mice, comparing changes in resident and brain-infiltrating immune cells. Interestingly, Tusc2-/- female mice demonstrated a pro-inflammatory increase in astrocytes, expression of IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells and Granzyme-B in CD8+T cells. We also found fewer FOXP3+ T-regulatory cells and Ly49G+ NK and Ly49G+ NKT cells in female Tusc2-/- brains, suggesting a dampened anti-inflammatory response. Moreover, Tusc2-/- hippocampi exhibited Tusc2- and sex-specific protein changes associated with brain plasticity, including mTOR activation, and Calbindin and CamKII dysregulation affecting intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. Overall, the data suggest that dysregulation of Ca2+-dependent processes and a heightened pro-inflammatory brain microenvironment in Tusc2-/- mice could underlie cognitive impairment. Thus, strategies to modulate the mitochondrial Tusc2- and Ca2+- signaling pathways in the brain should be explored to improve cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonie Farris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.F.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Salvador González-Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Muna Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.F.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Harshana Rajakaruna
- The Office for Research and Innovation, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Jane Tonello
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.F.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Olga Korolkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Alla Ivanova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (T.F.); (M.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience & Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (S.G.-O.); (J.T.); (O.K.); (A.S.)
- The Office for Research and Innovation, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
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Chen Z, Ford KP, Islam MBAR, Wan H, Han H, Ramakrishnan A, Brown RJ, Villanueva V, Wang Y, Davis BT, Weiss C, Cui W, Gate D, Schwulst SJ. antiCD49d Ab treatment ameliorates age-associated inflammatory response and mitigates CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity after traumatic brain injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.596673. [PMID: 38948775 PMCID: PMC11212861 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.596673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Patients aged 65 years and older account for an increasing proportion of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Older TBI patients experience increased morbidity and mortality compared to their younger counterparts. Our prior data demonstrated that by blocking α4 integrin, anti-CD49d antibody (aCD49d Ab) abrogates CD8+ T-cell infiltration into the injured brain, improves survival, and attenuates neurocognitive deficits. Here, we aimed to uncover how aCD49d Ab treatment alters local cellular responses in the aged mouse brain. Consequently, mice incur age-associated toxic cytokine and chemokine responses long-term post-TBI. aCD49d Ab attenuates this response along with a T helper (Th)1/Th17 immunological shift and remediation of overall CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, aCD49d Ab reduces CD8+ T cells exhibiting higher effector status, leading to reduced clonal expansion in aged, but not young, mouse brains with chronic TBI. Together, aCD49d Ab is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating TBI in the older people. Graphic abstract Aged brains after TBI comprise two pools of CD8 + T cells . The aged brain has long been resided by a population of CD8 + T cells that's exhaustive and dysfunctional. Post TBI, due to BBB impairment, functional CD8 + T cells primarily migrate into the brain parenchyma. Aged, injury-associated microglia with upregulated MHC class I molecules can present neoantigens such as neuronal and/or myelin debris in the injured brains to functional CD8+ T, resulting in downstream CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. aCD49d Ab treatment exerts its function by blocking the migration of functional effector CD8 + T cell population, leading to less cytotoxicity and resulting in improved TBI outcomes in aged mice.
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Rachayon M, Jirakran K, Sodsai P, Sughondhabirom A, Maes M. T cell activation and deficits in T regulatory cells are associated with major depressive disorder and severity of depression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11177. [PMID: 38750122 PMCID: PMC11096341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with T cell activation, but no studies have examined the combined effects of T cell activation and deficits in T regulatory (Treg) cells on the severity of acute phase MDD. Using flow cytometry, we determined the percentage and median fluorescence intensity of CD69, CD71, CD40L, and HLADR-bearing CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells, and cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1), CD152 and GARP (glycoprotein A repetitions predominant)-bearing CD25+ FoxP3 T regulatory (Treg) cells in 30 MDD patients and 20 healthy controls in unstimulated and stimulated (anti-CD3/CD28) conditions. Based on cytokine levels, we assessed M1 macrophage, T helper (Th)-1 cell, immune-inflammatory response system (IRS), T cell growth, and neurotoxicity immune profiles. We found that the immune profiles (including IRS and neurotoxicity) were significantly predicted by decreased numbers of CD152 or GARP-bearing CD25+ FoxP3 cells or CD152 and GARP expression in combination with increases in activated T cells (especially CD8+ CD40L+ percentage and expression). MDD patients showed significantly increased numbers of CD3+ CD71+, CD3+ CD40L+, CD4+ CD71+, CD4+ CD40L+, CD4+ HLADR+, and CD8+ HLADR+ T cells, increased CD3+ CD71+, CD4+ CD71+ and CD4+ HLADR+ expression, and lowered CD25+ FoxP3 expression and CD25+ FoxP+ CB1+ numbers as compared with controls. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score was strongly predicted (between 30 and 40% of its variance) by a lower number of CB1 or GARP-bearing Treg cells and one or more activated T cell subtypes (especially CD8+ CD40L+). In conclusion, increased T helper and cytotoxic cell activation along with decreased Treg homeostatic defenses are important parts of MDD that lead to enhanced immune responses and, as a result, neuroimmunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muanpetch Rachayon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Maximizing Children's Developmental Potential, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atapol Sughondhabirom
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Research Institute, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Umar TP, Jain N, Stevanny B, Javed B, Priandhana A, Siburian R, Kostiks A. Protective role of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine in Alzheimer's disease progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27425. [PMID: 38495158 PMCID: PMC10943379 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a significant societal challenge, highlighting the need to explore effective prevention and treatment approaches. Recent literature has suggested that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine may be a viable therapeutic option for immune disorders associated with AD due to its immunomodulatory properties and protection against various diseases. Methods This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association of BCG vaccine in the prevention of AD using six medical-scientific databases. A meta-analytical approach was undertaken to estimate the risk of AD incidence in patients with and without BCG vaccine exposure, followed by subgroup analyses. A risk of bias (RoB) assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results Six cohort studies meeting our inclusion criteria were included (47,947 participants) in the study. From our meta-analysis, intravesical BCG vaccine administration lowered the risk of incidence of AD by 26% in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (p < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses showed that BCG vaccination showed a potentially notable preventive effect on AD in older adults (>75 years) and female participants. Conversely, significant heterogeneity in results was observed among male participants and those aged <75 years. The RoB was low in three studies and unclear in the remaining studies. Conclusions Although our results support the potential benefits of BCG vaccine in preventing AD in specific demographics, we remain cautious about interpreting such results. Further research examining the implications of BCG vaccination for prevention and possible treatment of AD should be undertaken in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tungki Pratama Umar
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nityanand Jain
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradinš University, Riga, LV 1007, Latvia
| | - Bella Stevanny
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Binish Javed
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Andrejs Kostiks
- Department of Neurology, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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Hu D, Weiner HL. Unraveling the dual nature of brain CD8 + T cells in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:16. [PMID: 38355649 PMCID: PMC10865558 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhang Y, Shen S, Li X, Wang S, Xiao Z, Cheng J, Li R. A multiclass extreme gradient boosting model for evaluation of transcriptomic biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease prediction. Neurosci Lett 2024; 821:137609. [PMID: 38157927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with young-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) (before the age of 50 years old) often lack obvious imaging changes and amyloid protein deposition, which can lead to misdiagnosis with other cognitive impairments. Considering the association between immunological dysfunction and progression of neurodegenerative disease, recent research has focused on identifying blood transcriptomic signatures for precise prediction of AD. METHODS In this study, we extracted blood biomarkers from large-scale transcriptomics to construct multiclass eXtreme Gradient Boosting models (XGBoost), and evaluated their performance in distinguishing AD from cognitive normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). RESULTS Independent testing with external dataset revealed that the combination of blood transcriptomic signatures achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC of ROC) of 0.81 for multiclass classification (sensitivity = 0.81; specificity = 0.63), 0.83 for classification of AD vs. CN (sensitivity = 0.72; specificity = 0.73), and 0.85 for classification of AD vs. MCI (sensitivity = 0.77; specificity = 0.73). These candidate signatures were significantly enriched in 62 chromosome regions, such as Chr.19p12-19p13.3, Chr.1p22.1-1p31.1, and Chr.1q21.2-1p23.1 (adjusted p < 0.05), and significantly overrepresented by 26 transcription factors, including E2F2, FOXO3, and GATA1 (adjusted p < 0.05). Biological analysis of these signatures pointed to systemic dysregulation of immune responses, hematopoiesis, exocytosis, and neuronal support in neurodegenerative disease (adjusted p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Blood transcriptomic biomarkers hold great promise in clinical use for the accurate assessment and prediction of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China.
| | - Shasha Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Medical College, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
| | - Zongni Xiao
- Medical College, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Medical College, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
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Yeapuri P, Machhi J, Lu Y, Abdelmoaty MM, Kadry R, Patel M, Bhattarai S, Lu E, Namminga KL, Olson KE, Foster EG, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Amyloid-β specific regulatory T cells attenuate Alzheimer's disease pathobiology in APP/PS1 mice. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:97. [PMID: 38111016 PMCID: PMC10729469 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune tolerance. While Treg-mediated neuroprotective activities are now well-accepted, the lack of defined antigen specificity limits their therapeutic potential. This is notable for neurodegenerative diseases where cell access to injured brain regions is required for disease-specific therapeutic targeting and improved outcomes. To address this need, amyloid-beta (Aβ) antigen specificity was conferred to Treg responses by engineering the T cell receptor (TCR) specific for Aβ (TCRAβ). The TCRAb were developed from disease-specific T cell effector (Teff) clones. The ability of Tregs expressing a transgenic TCRAβ (TCRAβ -Tregs) to reduce Aβ burden, transform effector to regulatory cells, and reverse disease-associated neurotoxicity proved beneficial in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS TCRAβ -Tregs were generated by CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of endogenous TCR and consequent incorporation of the transgenic TCRAb identified from Aβ reactive Teff monoclones. Antigen specificity was confirmed by MHC-Aβ-tetramer staining. Adoptive transfer of TCRAβ-Tregs to mice expressing a chimeric mouse-human amyloid precursor protein and a mutant human presenilin-1 followed measured behavior, immune, and immunohistochemical outcomes. RESULTS TCRAβ-Tregs expressed an Aβ-specific TCR. Adoptive transfer of TCRAβ-Tregs led to sustained immune suppression, reduced microglial reaction, and amyloid loads. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose radiolabeled TCRAβ-Treg homed to the brain facilitating antigen specificity. Reduction in amyloid load was associated with improved cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS TCRAβ-Tregs reduced amyloid burden, restored brain homeostasis, and improved learning and memory, supporting the increased therapeutic benefit of antigen specific Treg immunotherapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Yeapuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mai Mohamed Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rana Kadry
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Milankumar Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Shaurav Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eugene Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Krista L Namminga
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Katherine E Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Emma G Foster
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
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Hu D. Alzheimer's defense: brain CD8 + T cells in action. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:936-937. [PMID: 37945503 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In a remarkable new study, Su et al. have shown that a specific subpopulation of CD8+ T cells, attracted to brain lesion sites and expanded via microglia-CD8+ T cell CXCL16-CXCR6 intercellular communication, can curb Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Iqneibi S, Saigusa R, Khan A, Oliaeimotlagh M, Armstrong Suthahar SS, Kumar S, Alimadadi A, Durant CP, Ghosheh Y, McNamara CA, Hedrick CC, Ley K. Single cell transcriptomics reveals recent CD8T cell receptor signaling in patients with coronary artery disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239148. [PMID: 37828989 PMCID: PMC10565000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death worldwide. The role of CD8+ T cells in CAD is unknown. Recent studies suggest a breakdown of tolerance in atherosclerosis, resulting in active T cell receptor (TCR) engagement with self-antigens. We hypothesized that TCR engagement would leave characteristic gene expression signatures. In a single cell RNA-sequencing analysis of CD8+ T cells from 30 patients with CAD and 30 controls we found significant enrichment of TCR signaling pathways in CAD+ subjects, suggesting recent TCR engagement. We also found significant enrichment of cytotoxic and exhaustion pathways in CAD cases compared to controls. Highly significant upregulation of TCR signaling in CAD indicates that CD8 T cells reactive to atherosclerosis antigens are prominent in the blood of CAD cases compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad Iqneibi
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ryosuke Saigusa
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amir Khan
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ahmad Alimadadi
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Yanal Ghosheh
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Catherine C. Hedrick
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Klaus Ley
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Lazarus AH, Semple JW. TEMRA: the CD8 subset in chronic ITP? Blood 2023; 141:2409-2410. [PMID: 37200060 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023019859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
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