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Choi BS, Kim B. Prevalence of and Gender Differences in Psychiatric Disorders among Juvenile Detainees in South Korea: A Comparative Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2068. [PMID: 38138171 PMCID: PMC10744417 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: High rates of psychiatric disorders and comorbidities have been reported in juvenile detainees, which have been associated with repeat offenses. However, research into this topic has been limited to Asian countries. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and sexual differences among juvenile detainees in a detention center in South Korea. Materials and Methods: The participants comprised 54 males and 46 females, with a minimum intelligence score of 80. Psychiatric diagnosis was determined using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). The Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Version 2 (MAYSI-2) was used to investigate gender differences. Results: Using the MINI-KID, the most frequent diseases were conduct disorder (CD), alcohol dependence, suicidal tendency, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with statistically significant differences between men and women. Only alcohol abuse was higher in males, while the rest were higher in females. The items with a statistically significant gender difference in MAYSI-2 were alcohol/drug use, feeling depressed/anxious, somatic complaints, suicidal ideation, and traumatic experiences. All items for which gender difference was statistically significant were higher in the proportion of women. Conclusions: Juvenile detainees exhibit high rates of psychiatric disorders and comorbidities. CDs, alcohol dependence, and ADHD are the most common psychiatric disorders among juvenile detainees in South Korea. Assessment of and intervention in psychiatric disorders may help prevent further offenses. These findings highlight the importance of diagnosing and intervening in psychiatric disorders within juvenile detention systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Sung Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bongseog Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 1342 Dong-il Street, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea
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Lawrence TI, Yelderman LA. The effects of emotion and juvenile diagnoses on parole release decisions: An experimental approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2023; 88:101893. [PMID: 37207399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Parole boards are often required to make many release recommendations after reviewing a substantial amount of information in a short timeframe. While making release decisions, parole board members might be motivated to sacrifice accuracy and, instead, use heuristics, such as their emotions. Emotions might increase the reliance on risk or threat related information, such as an inmate's mental illness status. The current study applies the appraisal tendency framework of emotion to assess the impact of emotion on parole decisions involving juvenile mental health diagnoses. Using a 3(emotion: anger, compassion, and control) x 4(mental illness: conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, depression, and control) factorial design, this study examined the extent to which mock parole board members' emotions impacted evaluations of inmates with juvenile mental illness diagnoses and subsequent release decisions. Results indicated that there was no effect of emotion on parole decisions. However, the inmates' mental illnesses did play a role in parole release decisions. Specifically, parole candidates with depression were released on parole at higher rates compared to conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and the control condition. Policy implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I Lawrence
- College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas; Prairie View A&M University College of Arts and Sciences, Prairie View, TX, USA.
| | - Logan A Yelderman
- College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas; Prairie View A&M University College of Arts and Sciences, Prairie View, TX, USA
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Robertson AA, Gardner S, Dembo R, Dennis M, Pankow J, Wilson KJ. Impact of implementation interventions to improve substance use service delivery on recidivism among justice-involved youth. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 36853574 PMCID: PMC9972752 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-023-00210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) are prevalent among justice-involved youth (JIY) and are a robust predictor of re-offending. Only a fraction of JIY with substance use problems receive treatment. This paper describes the impacts of system-level efforts to improve identification and referral to treatment on recidivism of JIY. A cluster randomized trial involving 20 county juvenile justice agency sites across 5 states was used to implement an organizational intervention (Core vs Enhanced) to juvenile justice staff and community-based treatment providers, working with 18,698 JIY from March 2014 to August 2017. Recidivism rates over four study time periods were examined. Logistic regression was used to predict recidivism as a function of site, need for SUD services, level of supervision, time, organizational intervention, and time x intervention interaction terms. Results indicated that Enhanced sites showed decreased levels of recidivism compared to Core-only sites, where it increased over time. Additionally, need for SU services, level of supervision, and site were significant predictors of reoffending. Findings suggest the potential value of facilitation of juvenile justice agency efforts to increasing identification of and referral to SUD services of JIY in need of such services for reducing further contact with the legal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A. Robertson
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, 1 Research Blvd., Suite 103, Starkville, MS 39759 USA
| | - Sheena Gardner
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, 1 Research Blvd., Suite 103, Starkville, MS 39759 USA
| | - Richard Dembo
- Department of Criminology, College of Behavioral & Criminal Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Michael Dennis
- Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, IL USA
| | - Jennifer Pankow
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX USA
| | - Khirsten J. Wilson
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, 1 Research Blvd., Suite 103, Starkville, MS 39759 USA
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Malvaso CG, Cale J, Whitten T, Day A, Singh S, Hackett L, Delfabbro PH, Ross S. Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trauma Among Young People Who Offend: A Systematic Literature Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:1677-1694. [PMID: 33960233 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211013132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review synthesized current knowledge about the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among young people known to have offended and examined evidence of associations between ACEs, trauma symptoms, and offending behavior. A systematic search of English-language, peer-reviewed studies published from the year 2000 onwards was conducted. A final pool of 124 studies that reported quantitative data were included in the review. The Cambridge Quality Checklist for the assessment of studies on offending was used to assess methodological quality of included studies. Pooled data indicated that almost 87% of justice-involved young people across 13 countries experienced at least one traumatic event. The odds of experiencing at least one ACE were over 12 times greater for justice-involved young people compared with nonjustice-involved young people. Prevalence of individual ACEs ranged from 12.2% for childhood sexual abuse to 80.4% for parental separation among justice-involved young people. Those who reported both a higher number and multiple types of ACEs were more likely to be diagnosed with post-traumatic stress symptoms. However, when considering only high-quality studies, there was minimal evidence to suggest that a higher incidence of ACEs predicted trauma symptoms or that trauma symptoms mediated the association between ACEs and offending behavior. Further research is needed to elucidate factors that differentiate young people exposed to ACEs who go on to offend from those who do not. This research is essential to understanding whether ACEs and trauma are drivers of offending behavior and for informing prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia G Malvaso
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jesse Cale
- Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tyson Whitten
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Day
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Singh
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louisa Hackett
- Department of Human Services, Youth Justice Directorate, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Stuart Ross
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lee ES, Ryu V, Choi J, Oh Y, Yoon JW, Han H, Hong H, Son HJ, Lee JH, Park S. Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale, DSM-5 Version-Parent Form. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:884-897. [PMID: 36444152 PMCID: PMC9708864 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) adversely impacts children and adolescents. However, a comprehensive and cost-effective scale to assess DBD is lacking in Korea. Therefore, this study translated the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBDRS) into Korean and analyzed its psychometric properties. METHODS Parents and primary caregivers of non-clinical (n=429) and clinical (n=28) children and adolescents aged 6-15 years were included in the analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted; further, concurrent validity and internal consistency were investigated using correlation analysis and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Furthermore, discriminative capacity was estimated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS The four-factor model of K-DBDRS showed good model fit indices and factor loadings, which supported the construct validity of the scale. Strong correlations between K-DBDRS and related measurements were observed, and a robust level of Cronbach's alpha was confirmed (0.891-0.933). The discriminative capacity of the scale was good, based on the area under the curve values (0.933-0.953). CONCLUSION This study indicated that the K-DBDRS is an appropriate screening tool for Korean children and adolescents. Thus, this scale can be applied in clinical and community settings to identify children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sol Lee
- Division of Mental Health Research, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vin Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Choi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhye Oh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Yoon
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeree Han
- Division of Mental Health Research, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Hong
- Division of Mental Health Research, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Son
- Division of Mental Health Research, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Mental Health Research, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bajpai P, Sharma A, Chaube N. Projective assessment of Indian juveniles with conduct disorder. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2022.2098350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Bajpai
- Teaching and Research Assistant, School of Forensic Psychology, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar campus, Gujarat, India
| | - Abha Sharma
- Principal, Vivekanand College of Education, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandita Chaube
- Assistant Professor, School of Forensic Psychology, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar campus, Gujarat, India
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Bourion-Bédès S, Bisch M, Baumann C. Factors associated with family involvement in a family-centered care program among incarcerated French adolescents with conduct disorder. Int J Prison Health 2022; 19:220-229. [PMID: 35150213 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-09-2021-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify the patient characteristics that may influence family involvement in a family-centered care program during detention. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Little is known about the needs of incarcerated adolescents and their families. This exploratory study used a cross-sectional design to collect data from incarcerated adolescents with conduct disorder followed in a French outpatient psychiatric department. Logistic regression models were used to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and family characteristics of these incarcerated adolescents that could predict family involvement in their care. FINDINGS Among 44 adolescents with conduct disorder, the probability of family involvement during the adolescent's detention was 9.6 times greater (95% CI 1.2-14.4, p = 0.03) for adolescents with no than for those with cannabis substance use disorder, and family involvement decreased with the age of the adolescent (OR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.1-0.9, p = 0.04). RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Increased knowledge of the characteristics of these adolescents and their families is needed to develop programs that will increase family interventions by specialty treatment services during detention. ORIGINALITY/VALUE No study has yet been published on French incarcerated adolescents with conduct disorder. As conduct disorder is one of the most important mental health disorders among delinquent adolescents, this study provides knowledge about these adolescents and the need to involve their parents in their care to prevent the further escalation of problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bourion-Bédès
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France and EA4360 APEMAC, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
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Salmanian M, Mohammadi MR, Hooshyari Z, Mostafavi SA, Zarafshan H, Khaleghi A, Ahmadi A, Alavi SS, Shakiba A, Rahgozar M, Safavi P, Arman S, Delpisheh A, Mohammadzadeh S, Hosseini SH, Ostovar R, Hojjat SK, Armani A, Talepasand S, Amiri S. Prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of conduct disorder: the national epidemiology of Iranian children and adolescents psychiatric disorders (IRCAP). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1385-1399. [PMID: 31811577 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the lifetime prevalence of conduct disorder according to sociodemographic characteristics, determine the sociodemographic predictors of conduct disorder, and estimate the rates of comorbidities of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with conduct disorder by age and gender. The National Epidemiology of Iranian Children and Adolescents Psychiatric Disorders was a cross-sectional, general population-based study on 30,532 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years from all provinces of Iran, which was done using multistage cluster sampling. Iranian citizens aged 6-18 years who resided at least 1 year in each province were included, and children and adolescents with severe physical illnesses that prevented them to participate in the study were excluded. The sample weighting adjustment was used, since we had randomly selected the equal number of 1000 participants of each province from the urban and rural areas. Trained psychologists conducted diagnostic interviews with the adolescents and the children's parents using the Persian version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). In this study, 54 children aged 6-9 years (0.58%, CI 0.47-0.77), 64 adolescents aged 10-14 years (0.57%, CI 0.47-0.77), and 117 adolescents aged 15-18 years (1.22%, CI 0.96-1.44) met the criteria of the lifetime conduct disorder. Conduct disorder was significantly more common in boys than in girls, and was significantly less prevalent among those participants whose fathers had no history of psychiatric hospitalization. Of the participants with conduct disorder, 83.4% met the criteria for at least one other psychiatric disorder. Conduct disorder had a high rate of comorbidity with oppositional defiant disorder (54.89%, CI 48.50-61.12), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (32.34%, CI 26.68-38.56), tobacco use (20.43%, CI 15.77-26.04), and depressive disorders (18.30%, CI 13.88-23.74). Because of using the diagnostic instrument, we found a low total rate of prevalence for conduct disorder; however, higher rates of it were observed among boys and adolescents. Further studies are needed to explore the nature of comorbidities of conduct disorder and to consider them in a large clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salmanian
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hooshyari
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mostafavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Zarafshan
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Ahmadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Salman Alavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alia Shakiba
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahgozar
- Department of Statistics and Computer, Social Welfare and Rehabilitation University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Safavi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Soroor Arman
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Delpisheh
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Soleiman Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Rahim Ostovar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Seyed Kaveh Hojjat
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Alireza Armani
- Department of Psychiatry, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Shahrokh Amiri
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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