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Han M, Zeng D, Tan W, Chen X, Bai S, Wu Q, Chen Y, Wei Z, Mei Y, Zeng Y. Brain region-specific roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in social stress-induced depressive-like behavior. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:159-173. [PMID: 38767484 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response. Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region-specific, particularly involving the corticolimbic system, including the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. Determining how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress psychopathology. In this review, we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of depression. We focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits, with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit. We determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature, severity, and duration of stress, especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic system. Therefore, BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Han
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Deyang Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuyuan Bai
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yufei Mei
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Ji S, Kang J, Han C, Xu X, Chen M, Chen J, Chhetri JK, Pan J, Chan P. Potential role of APOE ɛ4 allele as a modifier for the association of BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1330193. [PMID: 38374884 PMCID: PMC10876185 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1330193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in community-dwelling Chinese older adults, and to investigate whether this relationship is modified by the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele. Methods The study is a secondary analysis of 703 participants aged ≥60 years randomly enrolled from the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging II prospective cohort. The education-adjusted Mini-Mental State Examination and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale were used to measure the cognitive performance of the subjects. The main effects and interactions (additive and multiplicative) of the BDNF Met and the APOE ε4 alleles on CI were estimated by logistic regression models. Results In total, 84 out of 703 older adults aged ≥60 years old had CI. No significant difference was observed in the risk of CI between participants with the BDNF Met allele and that of subjects without the BDNF Met allele (p = 0.213; p = 0.164). Individuals carrying both the BDNF Met and APOE ε4 alleles had an almost 1.5-fold increased odds of CI compared with carriers of the BDNF Met allele but without the APOE ε4 allele. The additive association indicated a positive interaction of both BDNF Met and APOE ε4 alleles with wide CIs (p = 0.021; p = 0.018). Conclusion The results suggest that the APOE ε4 allele may be a potential modifier for the association of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism with CI in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Ji
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Kang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xitong Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meijie Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jagadish K Chhetri
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Piu Chan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Chen J, Yu H, Ye J, Wang C, Kong L. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor as diagnosis clue for Alzheimer's disease: A cross-sectional observational study in the elderly. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1127658. [PMID: 37009109 PMCID: PMC10060560 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1127658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has not been validated as a diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). To provide a different perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of mature BDNF (mBDNF) and precursor BDNF (proBDNF) in AD and to investigate whether serum BDNF levels or the ratio of mBDNF levels to proBDNF levels (M/P) could be a valuable biomarker for determining the risk of AD in elderly individuals.MethodA total of 126 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were assigned to either the AD group (n = 62) or the healthy control group (HC, n = 64) in this cross-sectional observationl study. Serum levels of mBDNF and proBDNF were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. We analyzed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores from the two groups and examined the associations between AD and BDNF metabolism.ResultsThe serum concentration of proBDNF was significantly higher in ADs (4140.937 pg/ml) than in HCs (2606.943 pg/ml; p < 0.01). The MMSE significantly correlated with proBDNF (p < 0.01, r = −0.686) and M/P (p < 0.01, r = 0.595) in all subjects. To determine the risk for AD, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated, which was 0.896 (95% confidence interval 0.844–0.949) for proBDNF and 0.901 (95% 0.850–0.953) for proBDNF and M/P combined.ConclusionWe observed a correlation between low serum proBDNF levels and higher MMSE scores in AD. The most effective diagnostic strategy was the combination of proBDNF and M/P, whereas mBDNF levels performed poorly when we evaluated the predictive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Medical Department, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiayu Ye
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Chunxia Wang
| | - Lingli Kong
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Lingli Kong
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Mulgrave VE, Alsayegh AA, Jaldi A, Omire-Mayor DT, James N, Ntekim O, Walters E, Akala EO, Allard JS. Exercise modulates APOE expression in brain cortex of female APOE3 and APOE4 targeted replacement mice. Neuropeptides 2023; 97:102307. [PMID: 36434832 PMCID: PMC9839612 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the main cholesterol carrier of the brain and the ε4 gene variant (APOE4) is the most prevalent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), increasing risk up to 15-fold. Several studies indicate that APOE4 modulates critical factors for neuronal function, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). Both proteins show exercise-induced upregulation, which is presumed to mediate many of the beneficial effects of physical activity including improved cognition; however, there is variability in results between individuals potentially in-part due to genetic variations including APOE isoform. This study aimed to determine if the two most prevalent human APOE isoforms influence adaptive responses to exercise-training. Targeted replacement mice, homozygous for either APOE3 or APOE4 were randomized into exercised and sedentary groups. Baseline locomotor function and voluntary wheel-running behavior was reduced in APOE4 mice. Exercised groups were subjected to daily treadmill running for 8 weeks. ApoE protein in brain cortex was significantly increased by exercise in both genotypes. PGC-1α mRNA levels in brain cortex were significantly lower in APOE4 mice, and only tended to increase with exercise in both genotypes. Hippocampal BDNF protein were similar between genotypes and was not significantly modulated by treadmill running. Behavioral and biochemical variations between APOE3 and APOE4 mice likely contribute to the differential risk for neurological and vascular diseases and the exercise-induced increase in ApoE levels suggests an added feature of the potential efficacy of physical activity as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for neurogenerative processes in both genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verona E Mulgrave
- Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aida Jaldi
- Dept of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Niaya James
- Dept of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Oyonumo Ntekim
- Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric Walters
- Dept. of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emanuel O Akala
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joanne S Allard
- Dept of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Mhatre-Winters I, Eid A, Han Y, Tieu K, Richardson JR. Sex and APOE Genotype Alter the Basal and Induced Inflammatory States of Primary Astrocytes from Humanized Targeted Replacement Mice. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914221144549. [PMID: 36604975 PMCID: PMC9982390 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221144549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype and sex are significant risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with females demonstrating increased risk modulated by APOE genotype. APOE is predominantly expressed in astrocytes, however, there is a lack of comprehensive assessments of sex differences in astrocytes stratified by APOE genotype. Here, we examined the response of mixed-sex and sex-specific neonatal APOE3 and APOE4 primary mouse astrocytes (PMA) to a cytokine mix of IL1b, TNFa, and IFNg. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles were assessed by qRT-PCR and Meso Scale Discovery multiplex assay. Mixed-sex APOE4 PMA were found to have higher basal messenger RNA expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines including Il6, Tnfa, Il1b, Mcp1, Mip1a, and Nos2 compared to APOE3 PMA, which was accompanied by increased levels of these secreted cytokines. In sex-specific cultures, basal expression of Il1b, Il6, and Nos2 was 1.5 to 2.5 fold higher in APOE4 female PMA compared to APOE4 males, with both being higher than APOE3 PMA. Similar results were found for secreted levels of these cytokines. Together, these findings indicate that APOE4 genotype and female sex, contribute to a greater inflammatory response in primary astrocytes and these data may provide a framework for investigating the mechanisms contributing to genotype and sex differences in AD-related neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Mhatre-Winters
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA,Department of Neurosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent
State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Aseel Eid
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yoonhee Han
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jason R. Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA,Jason R. Richardson, Department of
Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and
Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199-2156, USA.
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Wee AS, Nhu TD, Khaw KY, San Tang K, Yeong KY. Linking Diabetes to Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Roles of Glucose Metabolism and Alpha-Glucosidase. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2036-2048. [PMID: 36372924 PMCID: PMC10556372 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21999221111102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more prevalent with ageing and cause a substantial global socio-economic burden. The biology of these two conditions is well elaborated, but whether AD and type 2 DM arise from coincidental roots in ageing or are linked by pathophysiological mechanisms remains unclear. Research findings involving animal models have identified mechanisms shared by both AD and type 2 DM. Deposition of β-amyloid peptides and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks of AD. Type 2 DM, on the other hand, is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Several studies show that improving type 2 DM can delay or prevent the development of AD, and hence, prevention and control of type 2 DM may reduce the risk of AD later in life. Alpha-glucosidase is an enzyme that is commonly associated with hyperglycaemia in type 2 DM. However, it is uncertain if this enzyme may play a role in the progression of AD. This review explores the experimental evidence that depicts the relationship between dysregulation of glucose metabolism and AD. We also delineate the links between alpha-glucosidase and AD and the potential role of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Sze Wee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, 47810 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thao Dinh Nhu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 , Selangor, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology (TMB) Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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Borgenheimer E, Hamel K, Sheeler C, Moncada FL, Sbrocco K, Zhang Y, Cvetanovic M. Single nuclei RNA sequencing investigation of the Purkinje cell and glial changes in the cerebellum of transgenic Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:998408. [PMID: 36457352 PMCID: PMC9706545 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.998408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells constitute half the population of the human brain and are essential for normal brain function. Most, if not all, brain diseases are characterized by reactive gliosis, a process by which glial cells respond and contribute to neuronal pathology. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by a severe degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and cerebellar gliosis. SCA1 is caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the gene Ataxin1 (ATXN1). While several studies reported the effects of mutant ATXN1 in Purkinje cells, it remains unclear how cerebellar glia respond to dysfunctional Purkinje cells in SCA1. To address this question, we performed single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA seq) on cerebella of early stage Pcp2-ATXN1[82Q] mice, a transgenic SCA1 mouse model expressing mutant ATXN1 only in Purkinje cells. We found no changes in neuronal and glial proportions in the SCA1 cerebellum at this early disease stage compared to wild-type controls. Importantly, we observed profound non-cell autonomous and potentially neuroprotective reactive gene and pathway alterations in Bergmann glia, velate astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in response to Purkinje cell dysfunction.
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Coutinho LA, Leão LL, Cassilhas RC, de Paula AMB, Deslandes AC, Monteiro-Junior RS. Alzheimer's disease genes and proteins associated with resistance and aerobic training: An in silico analysis. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111948. [PMID: 36087875 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise appears to be a viable intervention for maintaining cognitive function and regaining functional autonomy, and perhaps even contributing to a slower progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To explore different neuroplasticity pathways modulated by aerobic and strength training, determine whether signaling pathways overlapped for each specific training method (aerobic and strength training), and evaluate whether there is a functional relationship between APOE and APP gene expression with aerobic training modulated by BDNF; and strength training modulated by IGF-1. METHODS An in silico analysis was performed to analyze the connection between exercise types and neuroplasticity as a protective factor in AD. The platform provides a protein-protein interaction network translated into known and predicted interactions. A score > 0.70 was determined as high confidence and the network was considered significant when the Protein-Protein Interaction Enrichment was <0.01. RESULTS Multiple functional associations considered significant between the analyzed proteins. The results of our gene network model support that exercise, both aerobic and strength, can modulate genes that affect hippocampal neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, which may delay cognitive decline and Alzheimer's related symptoms. CONCLUSION The investigation about the functional association of aerobic training via BDNF in the modulation of APP, APOE, and MAPT genes in the hippocampus seems to be established, while strength training seems to induce the production of IGF-1 and IGF-1R, modulating AKT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Lemos Leão
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Physical Education and Sport Department, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
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Longterm Increased S100B Enhances Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Proliferation in a Transgenic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179600. [PMID: 36076994 PMCID: PMC9455494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The neurotrophic protein S100B is a marker of brain injury and has been associated with neuroregeneration. In S100Btg mice rendering 12 copies of the murine S100B gene we evaluated whether S100B may serve as a treatment option. (2) In juvenile, adult, and one-year-old S100Btg mice (female and male; n = 8 per group), progenitor cell proliferation was quantified in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and the granular cell layer (GCL) of the dentate gyrus with the proliferative marker Ki67 and BrdU (50 mg/kg). Concomitant signaling was quantified utilizing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) immunohistochemistry. (3) Progenitor cell proliferation in the SGZ and migration to the GCL was enhanced. Hippocampal GFAP was reduced in one-year-old S100Btg mice. ApoE in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of male and BDNF in the frontal cortex of female S100Btg mice was reduced. RAGE was not affected. (4) Enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis in S100Btg mice was not accompanied by reactive astrogliosis. Sex- and brain region-specific variations of ApoE and BDNF require further elucidations. Our data reinforce the importance of this S100Btg model in evaluating the role of S100B in neuroregenerative medicine.
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Murray TE, Richards CM, Robert-Gostlin VN, Bernath AK, Lindhout IA, Klegeris A. Potential neurotoxic activity of diverse molecules released by astrocytes. Brain Res Bull 2022; 189:80-101. [PMID: 35988785 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the main support cells of the central nervous system. They also participate in neuroimmune reactions. In response to pathological and immune stimuli, astrocytes transform to reactive states characterized by increased release of inflammatory mediators. Some of these molecules are neuroprotective and inflammation resolving while others, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)- 9, L-glutamate, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), are well-established toxins known to cause damage to surrounding cells and tissues. We hypothesized that similar to microglia, the brain immune cells, reactive astrocytes can release a broader set of diverse molecules that are potentially neurotoxic. A literature search was conducted to identify such molecules using the following two criteria: 1) evidence of their expression and secretion by astrocytes and 2) direct neurotoxic action. This review describes 14 structurally diverse molecules as less-established astrocyte neurotoxins, including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, CXCL12/CXCL12(5-67), FS-7-associated surface antigen ligand (FasL), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)- 2α, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF), pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), cathepsin (Cat)B, group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA), amyloid beta peptides (Aβ), high mobility group box (HMGB)1, ceramides, and lipocalin (LCN)2. For some of these molecules, further studies are required to establish either their direct neurotoxic effects or the full spectrum of stimuli that induce their release by astrocytes. Only limited studies with human-derived astrocytes and neurons are available for most of these potential neurotoxins, which is a knowledge gap that should be addressed in the future. We also summarize available evidence of the role these molecules play in select neuropathologies where reactive astrocytes are a key feature. A comprehensive understanding of the full spectrum of neurotoxins released by reactive astrocytes is key to understanding neuroinflammatory diseases characterized by the adverse activation of these cells and may guide the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn E Murray
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Christy M Richards
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Victoria N Robert-Gostlin
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Anna K Bernath
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ivan A Lindhout
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Vidoni ED, Morris JK, Palmer JA, Li Y, White D, Kueck PJ, John CS, Honea RA, Lepping RJ, Lee P, Mahnken JD, Martin LE, Billinger SA. Dementia risk and dynamic response to exercise: A non-randomized clinical trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265860. [PMID: 35802628 PMCID: PMC9269742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical exercise may support brain health and cognition over the course of typical aging. The goal of this nonrandomized clinical trial was to examine the effect of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on brain blood flow and blood neurotrophic factors associated with exercise response and brain function in older adults with and without possession of the Apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE4) allele, a genetic risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s. We hypothesized that older adult APOE4 carriers would have lower cerebral blood flow regulation and would demonstrate blunted neurotrophic response to exercise compared to noncarriers. Methods Sixty-two older adults (73±5 years old, 41 female [67%]) consented to this prospectively enrolling clinical trial, utilizing a single arm, single visit, experimental design, with post-hoc assessment of difference in outcomes based on APOE4 carriership. All participants completed a single 15-minute bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. The primary outcome measure was change in cortical gray matter cerebral blood flow in cortical gray matter measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arterial spin labeling (ASL), defined as the total perfusion (area under the curve, AUC) following exercise. Secondary outcomes were changes in blood neurotrophin concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Results Genotyping failed in one individual (n = 23 APOE4 carriers and n = 38 APOE4 non-carriers) and two participants could not complete primary outcome testing. Cerebral blood flow AUC increased immediately following exercise, regardless of APOE4 carrier status. In an exploratory regional analyses, we found that cerebral blood flow increased in hippocampal brain regions, while showing no change in cerebellum across both groups. Among high inter-individual variability, there were no significant changes in any of the 3 neurotrophic factors for either group immediately following exercise. Conclusions Our findings show that both APOE4 carriers and non-carriers show similar effects of exercise-induced increases in cerebral blood flow and neurotrophic response to acute aerobic exercise. Our results provide further evidence that acute exercise-induced increases in cerebral blood flow may be regional specific, and that exercise-induced neurotrophin release may show a differential effect in the aging cardiovascular system. Results from this study provide an initial characterization of the acute brain blood flow and neurotrophin responses to a bout of exercise in older adults with and without this known risk allele for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Trial registration Dementia Risk and Dynamic Response to Exercise (DYNAMIC); Identifier: NCT04009629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Vidoni
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jill K. Morris
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline A. Palmer
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Dreu White
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Kueck
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Casey S. John
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Robyn A. Honea
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Rebecca J. Lepping
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Phil Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Mahnken
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Martin
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Sandra A. Billinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
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12
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Effects of exercise intensity and duration at a predetermined exercise volume on executive function among Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ɛ4 carriers. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Seidler K, Barrow M. Intermittent fasting and cognitive performance - Targeting BDNF as potential strategy to optimise brain health. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100971. [PMID: 34929259 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, accelerated by excessive calorie consumption and sedentary lifestyles. Bioenergetic challenges such as intermittent fasting (IF) have shown to promote lifespan and healthspan via an adaptive stress response. Activity-dependent brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as key regulator of cognitive performance and brain health. This review aims to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms linking IF and cognitive function with a focus on the role of BDNF, evaluating evidence from pre-clinical and human studies. A systematic literature search was performed. 82 peer-reviewed papers were accepted, critically appraised and summarised in a narrative analysis. Aging-related loss of BDNF has been associated with reduced synaptic plasticity, memory and learning as well as increased risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. IF was consistently reported to upregulate BDNF and improve cognitive performance in animal models. Further research is required to assess cognitive outcomes of IF in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Seidler
- Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management, Chapel Gardens, 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham RG40 1DH, United Kingdom.
| | - Michelle Barrow
- Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management, Chapel Gardens, 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham RG40 1DH, United Kingdom
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14
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Ahmed S, Pande AH, Sharma SS. Therapeutic potential of ApoE-mimetic peptides in CNS disorders: Current perspective. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models for Studying Sex-Specific Differences in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1387:57-88. [PMID: 34921676 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is steadily increasing worldwide, and epidemiological studies strongly suggest that many of the diseases are sex-biased. It has long been suggested that biological sex differences are crucial for neurodegenerative diseases; however, how biological sex affects disease initiation, progression, and severity is not well-understood. Sex is a critical biological variable that should be taken into account in basic research, and this review aims to highlight the utility of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived models for studying sex-specific differences in neurodegenerative diseases, with advantages and limitations. In vitro systems utilizing species-specific, renewable, and physiologically relevant cell sources can provide powerful platforms for mechanistic studies, toxicity testings, and drug discovery. Matched healthy, patient-derived, and gene-corrected human iPSCs, from both sexes, can be utilized to generate neuronal and glial cell types affected by specific neurodegenerative diseases to study sex-specific differences in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) human culture systems. Such relatively simple and well-controlled systems can significantly contribute to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying sex-specific differences, which can yield effective, and potentially sex-based strategies, against neurodegenerative diseases.
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16
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Verkerke M, Hol EM, Middeldorp J. Physiological and Pathological Ageing of Astrocytes in the Human Brain. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2662-2675. [PMID: 33559106 PMCID: PMC8437874 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is the greatest risk factor for dementia, although physiological ageing by itself does not lead to cognitive decline. In addition to ageing, APOE ε4 is genetically the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and is highly expressed in astrocytes. There are indications that human astrocytes change with age and upon expression of APOE4. As these glial cells maintain water and ion homeostasis in the brain and regulate neuronal transmission, it is likely that age- and APOE4-related changes in astrocytes have a major impact on brain functioning and play a role in age-related diseases. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and morphological changes of human astrocytes in ageing and the contribution of APOE4. We conclude this review with a discussion on technical issues, innovations, and future perspectives on how to gain more knowledge on astrocytes in the human ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Verkerke
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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17
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Pontifex MG, Martinsen A, Saleh RNM, Harden G, Tejera N, Müller M, Fox C, Vauzour D, Minihane AM. APOE4 genotype exacerbates the impact of menopause on cognition and synaptic plasticity in APOE-TR mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21583. [PMID: 33891334 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002621rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The impact of sex and menopausal status in Alzheimer's disease remains understudied despite increasing evidence of greater female risk, particularly in APOE4 carriers. Utilizing female APOE-TR mice maintained on a high-fat diet background we induced ovarian failure through repeated VCD injections, to mimic human menopause. At 12 months of age, recognition memory and spatial memory were assessed using object recognition, Y-maze spontaneous alternation, and Barnes maze. A VCD*genotype interaction reduced the recognition memory (P < .05), with APOE4 VCD-treated animals unable to distinguish between novel and familiar objects. APOE4 mice displayed an additional 37% and 12% reduction in Barnes (P < .01) and Y-maze (P < .01) performance, indicative of genotype-specific spatial memory impairment. Molecular analysis indicated both VCD and genotype-related deficits in synaptic plasticity with BDNF, Akt, mTOR, and ERK signaling compromised. Subsequent reductions in the transcription factors Creb1 and Atf4 were also evident. Furthermore, the VCD*genotype interaction specifically diminished Ephb2 expression, while Fos, and Cnr1 expression reduced as a consequence of APOE4 genotype. Brain DHA levels were 13% lower in VCD-treated animals independent of genotype. Consistent with this, we detected alterations in the expression of the DHA transporters Acsl6 and Fatp4. Our results indicate that the combination of ovarian failure and APOE4 leads to an exacerbation of cognitive and neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Glenn Harden
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Chris Fox
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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18
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Gascon S, Jann J, Langlois-Blais C, Plourde M, Lavoie C, Faucheux N. Peptides Derived from Growth Factors to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116071. [PMID: 34199883 PMCID: PMC8200100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive neuron losses in memory-related brain structures. The classical features of AD are a dysregulation of the cholinergic system, the accumulation of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. Unfortunately, current treatments are unable to cure or even delay the progression of the disease. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as the exogenous administration of neurotrophic factors (e.g., NGF and BDNF) that are deficient or dysregulated in AD. However, their low capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and their exorbitant cost currently limit their use. To overcome these limitations, short peptides mimicking the binding receptor sites of these growth factors have been developed. Such peptides can target selective signaling pathways involved in neuron survival, differentiation, and/or maintenance. This review focuses on growth factors and their derived peptides as potential treatment for AD. It describes (1) the physiological functions of growth factors in the brain, their neuronal signaling pathways, and alteration in AD; (2) the strategies to develop peptides derived from growth factor and their capacity to mimic the role of native proteins; and (3) new advancements and potential in using these molecules as therapeutic treatments for AD, as well as their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Gascon
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Université, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (S.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Jessica Jann
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Université, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (S.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Chloé Langlois-Blais
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l’Estrie–Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 1B1, Canada;
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christine Lavoie
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue, N., Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (N.F.); Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 72732) (C.L.); +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 61343) (N.F.)
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, 2500 Boulevard Université, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (S.G.); (J.J.)
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue, N., Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (N.F.); Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 72732) (C.L.); +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 61343) (N.F.)
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19
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Isoform-Specific Effects of Apolipoprotein E on Markers of Inflammation and Toxicity in Brain Glia and Neuronal Cells In Vitro. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:215-225. [PMID: 34071762 PMCID: PMC8928993 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations to the cholesterol transport protein apolipoprotein E (ApoE) have been identified as a major risk factor for the development of sporadic or late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with the e4 allele representing an increased risk and the rare e2 allele having a reduced risk compared to the primary e3 form. The reasons behind the change in risk are not entirely understood, though ApoE4 has been connected to inflammation and toxicity in both the brain and the periphery. The goal of this study was to better understand how the ApoE isoforms (ApoE2/3/4) confer differential AD-related risk by assessing cell-specific ApoE-related neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic effects. We compared the effects of ApoE isoforms in vitro on human astrocytes, a human immortalized microglia cell line (HMC3), and the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Cells were treated for 24 h with or without recombinant ApoE2, ApoE3, or ApoE4 (20 nM) and inflammation and toxicity markers assessed. Our results indicated the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 in human astrocytes was increased in response to all ApoE isoforms, with ApoE4 evoking the highest level of cytokine expression. In response to ApoE2 or ApoE3, microglial cells showed reduced levels of microglial activation markers TREM2 and Clec7a, while ApoE4 induced increased levels of both markers. ApoE2 promoted neuron survival through increased BDNF release from astrocytes. In addition, ApoE2 promoted, while ApoE4 reduced, neuronal viability. Overall, these results suggest that ApoE4 acts on cells in the brain to promote inflammation and neuronal injury and that the deleterious effects of ApoE4 on these cells may, in part, contribute to its role as a risk factor for AD.
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20
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Cechova K, Andel R, Angelucci F, Chmatalova Z, Markova H, Laczó J, Vyhnalek M, Matoska V, Kaplan V, Nedelska Z, Ward DD, Hort J. Impact of APOE and BDNF Val66Met Gene Polymorphisms on Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:247-257. [PMID: 31771052 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (APOE) ɛ4 is a well-known risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), but other AD-related gene polymorphisms might also be important, such as the polymorphism within the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene. Carriage of BDNF Val66Met has been associated with faster cognitive decline and greater hippocampal atrophy in cognitively normal elderly. Thus, we examined the effects of the concurrent presence of APOE and BDNF polymorphisms on cognitive functions and brain morphometry in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients. 107 aMCI patients (mean age = 72.2) were recruited from the Czech Brain Aging Study and, based on APOE and BDNF genes polymorphisms, were divided into four groups: ɛ4-BDNFVal/Val (n = 37), ɛ4-BDNFMet (n = 19), ɛ4+BDNFVal/Val (n = 35), and ɛ4+BDNFMet (n = 16). All patients underwent clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging, and complex neuropsychological battery. The combination of APOEɛ4+ and BDNF Met was associated with significantly worse memory performance in immediate and delayed recall compared to other polymorphism groups. We did not observe increased atrophy in areas related to memory function in the ɛ4+BDNFMet group. Our findings suggest that carriage of ɛ4+BDNFMet is associated with more pronounced memory dysfunction, a typical feature of early AD, but not with structural brain changes in aMCI patients. These findings suggest that in APOEɛ4/BDNF Met carriers, synaptic dysfunction affecting memory may precede pronounced structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Cechova
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ross Andel
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Chmatalova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Markova
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laczó
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Matoska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Kaplan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David D Ward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Centre for Health Care of the Elderly, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jakub Hort
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Novel Influences of Sex and APOE Genotype on Spinal Plasticity and Recovery of Function after Spinal Cord Injury. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0464-20.2021. [PMID: 33536234 PMCID: PMC7986541 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0464-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries can abolish both motor and sensory function throughout the body. Spontaneous recovery after injury is limited and can vary substantially between individuals. Despite an abundance of therapeutic approaches that have shown promise in preclinical models, there is currently a lack of effective treatment strategies that have been translated to restore function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in the human population. We hypothesized that sex and genetic background of injured individuals could impact how they respond to treatment strategies, presenting a barrier to translating therapies that are not tailored to the individual. One gene of particular interest is APOE, which has been extensively studied in the brain because of its allele-specific influences on synaptic plasticity, metabolism, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Despite its prominence as a therapeutic target in brain injury and disease, little is known about how it influences neural plasticity and repair processes in the spinal cord. Using humanized mice, we examined how the ε3 and ε4 alleles of APOE influence the efficacy of therapeutic intermittent hypoxia (IH) in inducing spinally-mediated plasticity after cervical SCI (cSCI). IH is sufficient to enhance plasticity and restore motor function after experimental SCI in genetically similar rodent populations, but its effect in human subjects is more variable (Golder and Mitchell, 2005; Hayes et al., 2014). Our results demonstrate that both sex and APOE genotype determine the extent of respiratory motor plasticity that is elicited by IH, highlighting the importance of considering these clinically relevant variables when translating therapeutic approaches for the SCI community.
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22
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Lamonja-Vicente N, Dacosta-Aguayo R, López-Olóriz J, Prades-Senovilla L, Roig-Coll F, Castells-Sánchez A, Soriano-Raya JJ, Clemente I, Miralbell J, Barrios M, López-Cancio E, Cáceres C, Arenillas JF, Millán M, Torán P, Pera G, Fores R, Alzamora MT, Mataró M, Via M. Sex-Specific Protective Effects of APOE ε2 on Cognitive Performance. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:41-49. [PMID: 32992326 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has an important role in the multiple trajectories of cognitive aging. However, environmental variables and other genes mediate the impact of APOE on cognition. Our main objective was to analyze the effect of APOE genotype on cognition and its interactions and relationships with sex, age, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype in a sample of 648 healthy participants over 50 years of age with a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Our results showed that APOE ε2 carriers performed better in the Verbal Memory (p = .002) and Fluency Domains (p = .001). When we studied the effect of sex, we observed that the beneficial effect of APOE ε2 on the normalized values of these cognitive domains occurred only in females (β = 0.735; 95% confidence interval, 0.396-1.074; p = 3.167·10-5 and β = 0.568; 95% confidence interval, 0.276-0.861; p = 1.853·10-4, respectively). Similarly, the sex-specific effects of APOE ε2 were further observed on lipidic and inflammation biomarkers. In the whole sample, APOE ε2 carriers showed significantly lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein. These differences were found only among females. Furthermore, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol mediated the protective effect of APOE ε2 on cognition in the whole sample and total cholesterol in females, providing candidate physiological mechanisms for the observed genetic effects. Our results show that the neuroprotective role of APOE ε2 in cognition varies with sex and that the lipidic profile partially mediates this protection. Age-related cognitive and functional decline is a continuous biological process with different cognitive trajectories (1). Complex interactions between heritability, environmental influence, and cognitive functions in aging have been highlighted (2). In particular, genetic differences explain around 15%-25% of the variance in life expectancy (3). Therefore, the identification of susceptibility genes and their biological effects on cognitive aging is required to establish interindividual differences in this process and promote early personalized interventions to delay cognitive decline and minimize the financial burden of aging in the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Lamonja-Vicente
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge López-Olóriz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Unidad de Trastornos del Aprendizaje (UTA), Fundación Josep Finestres (FJF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Prades-Senovilla
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Roig-Coll
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Castells-Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Juan José Soriano-Raya
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Clemente
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Júlia Miralbell
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maite Barrios
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena López-Cancio
- Departamento de Neurología, Unidad de Ictus Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cynthia Cáceres
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Arenillas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.,Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Millán
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Torán
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
| | - Guillem Pera
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
| | - Rosa Fores
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Alzamora
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
| | - Maria Mataró
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marc Via
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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23
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APOE4 genetic polymorphism results in impaired recovery in a repeated mild traumatic brain injury model and treatment with Bryostatin-1 improves outcomes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19919. [PMID: 33199792 PMCID: PMC7670450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
After traumatic brain injury (TBI), some people have worse recovery than others. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Apolipoprotein E (APOE) are known to increase risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease, however there is controversy from human and rodent studies as to whether ApoE4 is a risk factor for worse outcomes after brain trauma. To resolve these conflicting studies we have explored the effect of the human APOE4 gene in a reproducible mouse model that mimics common human injuries. We have investigated cellular and behavioral outcomes in genetically engineered human APOE targeted replacement (TR) mice following repeated mild TBI (rmTBI) using a lateral fluid percussion injury model. Relative to injured APOE3 TR mice, injured APOE4 TR mice had more inflammation, neurodegeneration, apoptosis, p-tau, and activated microglia and less total brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cortex and/or hippocampus at 1 and/or 21 days post-injury. We utilized a novel personalized approach to treating APOE4 susceptible mice by administering Bryostatin-1, which improved cellular as well as motor and cognitive behavior outcomes at 1 DPI in the APOE4 injured mice. This study demonstrates that APOE4 is a risk factor for poor outcomes after rmTBI and highlights how personalized therapeutics can be a powerful treatment option.
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Brigadski T, Leßmann V. The physiology of regulated BDNF release. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:15-45. [PMID: 32944867 PMCID: PMC7529619 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophic factor BDNF is an important regulator for the development of brain circuits, for synaptic and neuronal network plasticity, as well as for neuroregeneration and neuroprotection. Up- and downregulations of BDNF levels in human blood and tissue are associated with, e.g., neurodegenerative, neurological, or even cardiovascular diseases. The changes in BDNF concentration are caused by altered dynamics in BDNF expression and release. To understand the relevance of major variations of BDNF levels, detailed knowledge regarding physiological and pathophysiological stimuli affecting intra- and extracellular BDNF concentration is important. Most work addressing the molecular and cellular regulation of BDNF expression and release have been performed in neuronal preparations. Therefore, this review will summarize the stimuli inducing release of BDNF, as well as molecular mechanisms regulating the efficacy of BDNF release, with a focus on cells originating from the brain. Further, we will discuss the current knowledge about the distinct stimuli eliciting regulated release of BDNF under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482, Zweibrücken, Germany.
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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25
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Fontana IC, Zimmer AR, Rocha AS, Gosmann G, Souza DO, Lourenco MV, Ferreira ST, Zimmer ER. Amyloid-β oligomers in cellular models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 155:348-369. [PMID: 32320074 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) dysmetabolism is tightly associated with pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, it is thought that, in addition to Aβ fibrils that give rise to plaque formation, Aβ aggregates into non-fibrillar soluble oligomers (AβOs). Soluble AβOs have been extensively studied for their synaptotoxic and neurotoxic properties. In this review, we discuss physicochemical properties of AβOs and their impact on different brain cell types in AD. Additionally, we summarize three decades of studies with AβOs, providing a compelling bulk of evidence regarding cell-specific mechanisms of toxicity. Cellular models may lead us to a deeper understanding of the detrimental effects of AβOs in neurons and glial cells, putatively shedding light on the development of innovative therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C Fontana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreia S Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics,, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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26
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Iacono D, Feltis GC. Impact of Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism during normal and pathological conditions of the brain across the lifespan. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:787-816. [PMID: 30677746 PMCID: PMC6366964 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the cellular substrate for the integration of complex, dynamic, constant, and simultaneous interactions among endogenous and exogenous stimuli across the entire human lifespan. Numerous studies on aging-related brain diseases show that some genes identified as risk factors for some of the most common neurodegenerative diseases - such as the allele 4 of APOE gene (APOE4) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) - have a much earlier neuro-anatomical and neuro-physiological impact. The impact of APOE polymorphism appears in fact to start as early as youth and early-adult life. Intriguingly, though, those same genes associated with aging-related brain diseases seem to influence different aspects of the brain functioning much earlier actually, that is, even from the neonatal periods and earlier. The APOE4, an allele classically associated with later-life neurodegenerative disorders as AD, seems in fact to exert a series of very early effects on phenomena of neuroplasticity and synaptogenesis that begin from the earliest periods of life such as the fetal ones.We reviewed some of the findings supporting the hypothesis that APOE polymorphism is an early modifier of various neurobiological aspects across the entire human lifespan - from the in-utero to the centenarian life - during both normal and pathological conditions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Iacono
- Neuropathology Research, Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey (BRInj), Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927, USA.,MidAtlantic Neonatology Associates (MANA), Morristown, NJ 07960, USA.,Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Atlantic Health System (AHS), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Gloria C Feltis
- Neuropathology Research, Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey (BRInj), Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927, USA
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27
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Yu Z, Wang J, Wang H, Wang J, Cui J, Junzhang P. Effects of Sevoflurane Exposure During Late Pregnancy on Brain Development and Beneficial Effects of Enriched Environment on Offspring Cognition. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1339-1352. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Hildre AS, Solvang SEH, Aarsland D, Midtun Ø, McCann A, Ervik AO, Nygård O, Ueland PM, Nordrehaug JE, Giil LM. Components of the choline oxidation pathway modify the association between the apolipoprotein ε4 gene variant and cognitive decline in patients with dementia. Brain Res 2019; 1726:146519. [PMID: 31654640 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolites involved in one-carbon metabolism (OCM) may predict cognitive prognosis in dementia. The link between OCM, apolipoprotein E (APOE), and DNA methylation creates a biologically plausible mechanism of interaction. AIM To assess OCM metabolites as predictors of 5-year cognitive prognosis in patients with mild dementia, and in subgroups defined by the APOEε4 allele variant. METHODS We followed one-hundred and fifty-two patients with mild dementia (86 with Alzheimer's disease, 66 with Lewy body dementia, including 90 with at least one APOEε4 allele) for 5 years with annual Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE). Total homocysteine, methionine, choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, sarcosine, folate, cobalamin and pyridoxal 5'-phoshate were measured in serum at baseline. We used linear mixed models to assess metabolite-MMSE associations, including 3-way interactions between metabolites, time, and APOEε4. False-discovery rate adjusted p-values (Q-values) are reported. RESULTS Metabolite concentrations were not different in patients with dementia according to the presence of APOEε4. Overall, serum concentration of total homocysteine was inversely associated with MMSE performance, while betaine was positively associated with MMSE (Q < 0.05), but neither was associated with MMSE decline. Serum concentrations of betaine, dimethylglycine and sarcosine, however, were associated with slower MMSE decline in patients with APOEε4, but with faster MMSE decline in patients without the allele (all 3-way interactions: Q < 0.05). CONCLUSION Components of the choline oxidation pathway are associated with a better cognitive prognosis in APOEε4 carriers and a worse cognitive prognosis in non-carriers. Further research investigating targeted metabolic interventions according to APOE allele status is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stein-Erik Hafstad Solvang
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College University, London, UK
| | | | | | - Arne Olav Ervik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jan Erik Nordrehaug
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lasse Melvaer Giil
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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29
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkB hippocampal gene expression are putative predictors of neuritic plaque and neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104540. [PMID: 31349032 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its cognate neurotrophin receptor, TrkB, were observed during the progression of dementia, but whether the Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological lesions diffuse plaques, (DPs), neuritic plaques (NPs), and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are related to this alteration remains to be clarified. METHODS Negative binomial (NB) regressions were performed using gene expression data accrued from a single population of CA1 pyramidal neurons and regional hippocampal dissections obtained from participants in the Rush Religious Orders Study (RROS). RESULTS Downregulation of Bdnf is independently associated with increased entorhinal cortex NPs. Downregulation of TrkB is independently associated with increased entorhinal cortex NFTs and CA1 NPs during the progression of AD. DISCUSSION Results indicate that BDNF and TrkB dysregulation contribute to AD neuropathology, most notably hippocampal NPs and NFTs. These data suggest attenuating BDNF/TrkB signaling deficits either at the level of BDNF, TrkB, or downstream of TrkB signaling may abrogate NPs and/or NFTs.
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30
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Stipho F, Jackson R, Sabbagh MN. Pathologically Confirmed Alzheimer's Disease in APOE ɛ2 Homozygotes is Rare but Does Occur. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1527-1530. [PMID: 29562509 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homozygous APOEɛ4 status is a well-known risk factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, other genotypes of APOE have not yet been found to have equal clinical significance. There is a paucity of reports regarding clinically or pathologically described AD in APOEɛ2 homozygotes compared to the other alleles. OBJECTIVE To notify clinicians that patients with homozygous APOEɛ2 are also at risk of developing AD based on results from the largest prospectively gathered registry of brain samples to date. METHODS We queried the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) database for autopsy-confirmed AD cases. Of the Uniform Data Set (UDS) participants who are deceased, 5,779 were diagnosed with dementia at their last UDS visit prior to death, and autopsy data is available for 3,518. RESULTS Of the brains in the NACC database with pathologically confirmed dementia, seven were found to be homozygous for APOEɛ2, which represents only 0.2% of the autopsy-confirmed sample. Furthermore, pathology-confirmed AD represents 29% (2/7) of the APOEɛ2/ɛ2 patients diagnosed with dementia. CONCLUSIONS Although rare, autopsy-confirmed AD can be present in APOEɛ2/ɛ2 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faissal Stipho
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Robert Jackson
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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31
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Toro CA, Zhang L, Cao J, Cai D. Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease: Understanding the molecular impact. Brain Res 2019; 1719:194-207. [PMID: 31129153 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that presents with cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbance. Approximately 5.5 million people in the United States live with AD, most of whom are over the age of 65 with two-thirds being woman. There have been major advancements over the last decade or so in the understanding of AD neuropathological changes and genetic involvement. However, studies of sex impact in AD have not been adequately integrated into the investigation of disease development and progression. It becomes indispensable to acknowledge in both basic science and clinical research studies the importance of understanding sex-specific differences in AD pathophysiology and pathogenesis, which could guide future effort in the discovery of novel targets for AD. Here, we review the latest and most relevant literature on this topic, highlighting the importance of understanding sex dimorphism from a molecular perspective and its association to clinical trial design and development in AD research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Toro
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Larry Zhang
- Research and Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Jiqing Cao
- Research and Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Dongming Cai
- Research and Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Neurology Section, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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32
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Dumitrescu L, Mayeda ER, Sharman K, Moore AM, Hohman TJ. Sex Differences in the Genetic Architecture of Alzheimer's Disease. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2019; 7:13-21. [PMID: 31360619 PMCID: PMC6662731 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-019-0157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Summarize sex-specific contributors to the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (AD). RECENT FINDINGS There are sex differences in the effects of Apolipoprotein E (APOE), genes along the APOE pathway, and genes along the neurotrophic signaling pathway in predicting AD. Reported sex differences are largely driven by stronger associations among females. Evidence also suggests that genetic predictors of amyloidosis are largely shared across sexes, while sex-specific genetic effects emerge downstream of amyloidosis and drive the clinical manifestation of AD. SUMMARY There is a lack of comprehensive assessments of sex differences in genome-wide analyses of AD and a need for more systematic reporting a sex-stratified genetic effects. The emerging emphasis on sex as a biological variable provides an opportunity for transdisciplinary collaborations aimed at addressing major analytical challenges that have hampered advancements in the field. Ultimately, sex-specific genetic association studies represent a logical first step towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kavya Sharman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Annah M. Moore
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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33
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Actions of Brain-Derived Neurotrophin Factor in the Neurogenesis and Neuronal Function, and Its Involvement in the Pathophysiology of Brain Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113650. [PMID: 30463271 PMCID: PMC6274766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, has an important role in a variety of neuronal aspects, such as differentiation, maturation, and synaptic function in the central nervous system (CNS). BDNF stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK), phosphoinositide-3kinase (PI3K), and phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma pathways via activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), a high affinity receptor for BDNF. Evidence has shown significant contributions of these signaling pathways in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that dysfunction of the BDNF/TrkB system is involved in the onset of brain diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss actions of BDNF and related signaling molecules on CNS neurons, and their contributions to the pathophysiology of brain diseases.
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Nelson TJ, Sen A. Apolipoprotein E particle size is increased in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2018; 11:10-18. [PMID: 30581971 PMCID: PMC6293020 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) is the predominant risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the question of which structural differences might explain its effect remains unclear. Methods We compared high-density lipoprotein–like apoE particles from 12 AD and 10 control patients using size-exclusion chromatography. Results ApoE particles from patients genotyped as ε4/ε4 were 2.2 ± 0.3 times as massive as particles from ε3/ε3 control subjects and 1.4 ± 0.1 times as massive as particles from ε3/ε3 AD patients. The increased particle size was not because of incorporation of amyloid β or apoE proteolysis products. Particles from AD patients genotyped as ε3/ε3 were 1.59 ± 0.27 times as massive as ε3/ε3 control subjects. Discussion Increased particle size in AD is affected by APOE genotype and by disease-related differences in assembly or stability. These differences suggest that lipoprotein assembly or stability in AD brain plays an important role in determining apoE4 pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Nelson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-301-529-3859.
| | - Abhik Sen
- George & Anne Ryan Institute For Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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35
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Fan XD, Wan LL, Duan M, Lu S. HDAC11 deletion reduces fructose-induced cardiac dyslipidemia, apoptosis and inflammation by attenuating oxidative stress injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:444-451. [PMID: 29655790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for abnormal heart development, but the molecular mechanism remains obscure. Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), the most recently identified histone deacetylase, is the sole member of class IV HDACs. However, its role in diabetic cardiac injury is still poorly understood. In the present study, we attempted to explore the effects of HDAC11 on fructose (Fru)-induced cardiac injury using the wild type (HDAC11+/+) and knockout (HDAC11-/-) mice. The results indicated that HDAC11 was significantly expressed in human and mouse diabetic heart failure (DHF) hearts. HDAC11-/- reduced the body weight, inguinal fat-pad mass, and elevated blood pressure in Fru-fed mice. Compared to HDAC11+/+/Fru group, cardiac function was significantly improved in HDAC11-/-/Fru mice. HDAC11-/-/Fru mice exhibited reduced cardiac triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels, along with decreased mRNA levels of lipid synthesis-, lipid storage- and lipid oxidation-associated genes. In addition, HDAC11-/- attenuated apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart of Fru-fed mice, as evidenced by the reduced cleavage of Caspase-3, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as the decreased interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, which was accompanied with down-regulated p-NF-κB. The results above were verified in Fru-treated primary cardiomyocytes isolated from HDAC11+/+ or HDAC11-/- mice. Intriguingly, suppressing the expressions of anti-oxidants using zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) or siNrf-2 siRNA markedly abolished the results that HDAC11 suppression-induced reduction of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammation, as well as the improvement of dyslipidemia in Fru-incubated primary cardiomyocytes. Thus, ROS production was responsible for HDAC11-modulated diabetic heart injury. These findings suggested that suppressing HDAC11 has therapeutic potential for treating diabetes mellitus-associated cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Lan-Lan Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No.218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Man Duan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Jamal M, Ito A, Tanaka N, Miki T, Takakura A, Suzuki S, Ameno K, Kinoshita H. The Role of Apolipoprotein E and Ethanol Exposure in Age-Related Changes in Choline Acetyltransferase and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Mouse Hippocampus. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:84-92. [PMID: 29717403 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is responsible for age-dependent neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Elderly individuals are more sensitive than young individuals to the effects of ethanol (EtOH), particularly those affecting cognition. We investigated the role of APOE deficiency and EtOH exposure on age-dependent alterations in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein expression in the mouse hippocampus. Three-month-old (young) and 12-month-old (aged) ApoE-knockout (ApoE-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with saline or 2 g/kg EtOH, and the bilateral hippocampus was collected after 60 min for real-time PCR and western blotting analyses. ChAT (P < 0.01) and BDNF (P < 0.01) expression were significantly decreased in both young and aged saline- and EtOH-treated ApoE-KO mice versus young and aged saline- and EtOH-treated WT mice. Aged saline- and EtOH-treated ApoE-KO mice exhibited greater differences in ChAT and BDNF expression (P < 0.01) than young saline- and EtOH-treated ApoE-KO mice. Aged EtOH-treated WT mice also exhibited larger decreases in BDNF expression (P < 0.01)-but not in ChAT expression-than young EtOH-treated WT mice. EtOH decreased ChAT and BDNF expression in both young (P < 0.01) and aged (P < 0.01) ApoE-KO mice versus EtOH-free ApoE-KO mice of the same age. EtOH also decreased BDNF expression in aged (P < 0.01) WT mice versus EtOH-free aged WT mice. In summary, these results suggest that APOE deficiency and EtOH exposure cause age-dependent decreases in ChAT and BDNF in the hippocampus. Importantly, the decreases in ChAT and BDNF were greater in aged EtOH-treated mice, particularly those lacking APOE, raising the possibility that APOE-deficient individuals who consume alcohol may be at greater risk of memory deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostofa Jamal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Asuka Ito
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Naoko Tanaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita, Japan
| | - Ayaka Takakura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ameno
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kinoshita
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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Fisher DW, Bennett DA, Dong H. Sexual dimorphism in predisposition to Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:308-324. [PMID: 29754747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies indicate that Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affects women in both disease prevalence and rate of symptom progression, but the mechanisms underlying this sexual divergence are unknown. Although some have suggested this difference in risk is a reflection of the known differences in longevity between men and women, mounting clinical and preclinical evidence supports women also having intrinsic susceptibilities toward the disease. Although a number of potential risk factors have been hypothesized to mediate these differences, none have been definitively verified. In this review, we first summarize the epidemiologic studies of prevalence and incidence of AD among the sexes. Next, we discuss the most likely risk factors to date that interact with biological sex, including (1) genetic factors, (2) sex hormones (3) deviations in brain structure, (4) inflammation and microglia, and (5) and psychosocial stress responses. Overall, though differences in life span are likely to account for part of the divide between the sexes in AD prevalence, the abundance of preclinical and clinical evidence presented here suggests an increase in intrinsic AD risk for women. Therefore, future studies focusing on the underlying biological mechanisms for this phenomenon are needed to better understand AD pathogenesis in both sexes, with the eventual goal of sex-specific prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Fisher
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Spagnuolo MS, Donizetti A, Iannotta L, Aliperti V, Cupidi C, Bruni AC, Cigliano L. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulates cholesterol homeostasis and Apolipoprotein E synthesis in human cell models of astrocytes and neurons. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6925-6943. [PMID: 29323721 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, cholesterol is critical to maintain membrane plasticity, cellular function, and synaptic integrity. In recent years, much attention was focused on the role of cholesterol in brain since a breakdown of cholesterol metabolism has been associated with different diseases. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was previously reported to elicit cholesterol biosynthesis and promote the accumulation of presynaptic proteins in cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, but no data are available on its ability to modulate physiological mechanisms involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Major aim of this research was to investigate whether BDNF influences cholesterol homeostasis, focusing on the effect of the neurotrophin on Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) synthesis, cholesterol efflux from astrocytes and cholesterol incorporation into neurons. Our results show that BDNF significantly stimulates cholesterol efflux by astrocytes, as well as ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporter and ApoE expression. Conversely, cholesterol uptake in neurons was downregulated by BDNF. This effect was associated with the increase of Liver X Receptor (LXR)-beta expression in neuron exposed to BDNF. The level of apoptosis markers, that is, cleaved caspase 3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), was found increased in neurons treated with high cholesterol, but significantly lower when the cells were exposed to cholesterol in the presence of BDNF, thus suggesting a neuroprotective role of the neurotrophin, likely through its reducing effect of neuronal cholesterol uptake. Interestingly, cholesterol stimulates BDNF production by neurons. Overall, our findings evidenced a novel role of BDNF in the modulation of ApoE and cholesterol homeostasis in glial and neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Spagnuolo
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Donizetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Iannotta
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Aliperti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Cupidi
- Centro Regionale di Neurogenetica, via Perugini, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
| | - Amalia C Bruni
- Centro Regionale di Neurogenetica, via Perugini, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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