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Leduc T, El Alami H, Bougadir K, Bélanger-Nelson E, Mongrain V. Neuroligin-2 shapes individual slow waves during slow-wave sleep and the response to sleep deprivation in mice. Mol Autism 2024; 15:13. [PMID: 38570872 PMCID: PMC10993465 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-024-00594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are a common comorbidity to most neurodevelopmental disorders and tend to worsen disease symptomatology. It is thus crucial to understand mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances to improve patients' quality of life. Neuroligin-2 (NLGN2) is a synaptic adhesion protein regulating GABAergic transmission. It has been linked to autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia in humans, and deregulations of its expression were shown to cause epileptic-like hypersynchronized cerebral activity in rodents. Importantly, the absence of Nlgn2 (knockout: KO) was previously shown to alter sleep-wake duration and quality in mice, notably increasing slow-wave sleep (SWS) delta activity (1-4 Hz) and altering its 24-h dynamics. This type of brain oscillation is involved in memory consolidation, and is also a marker of homeostatic sleep pressure. Sleep deprivation (SD) is notably known to impair cognition and the physiological response to sleep loss involves GABAergic transmission. METHODS Using electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings, we here first aimed to verify how individual slow wave (SW; 0.5-4 Hz) density and properties (e.g., amplitude, slope, frequency) contribute to the higher SWS delta activity and altered 24-h dynamics observed in Nlgn2 KO mice. We further investigated the response of these animals to SD. Finally, we tested whether sleep loss affects the gene expression of Nlgn2 and related GABAergic transcripts in the cerebral cortex of wild-type mice using RNA sequencing. RESULTS Our results show that Nlgn2 KO mice have both greater SW amplitude and density, and that SW density is the main property contributing to the altered 24-h dynamics. We also found the absence of Nlgn2 to accelerate paradoxical sleep recovery following SD, together with profound alterations in ECoG activity across vigilance states. Sleep loss, however, did not modify the 24-h distribution of the hypersynchronized ECoG events observed in these mice. Finally, RNA sequencing confirmed an overall decrease in cortical expression of Nlgn2 and related GABAergic transcripts following SD in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS This work brings further insight into potential mechanisms of sleep duration and quality deregulation in neurodevelopmental disorders, notably involving NLGN2 and GABAergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Leduc
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre d'études avancées en médecine du sommeil (CÉAMS), Recherche - Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900, St-Denis street, Tour Viger Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hiba El Alami
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre d'études avancées en médecine du sommeil (CÉAMS), Recherche - Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Khadija Bougadir
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre d'études avancées en médecine du sommeil (CÉAMS), Recherche - Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erika Bélanger-Nelson
- Centre d'études avancées en médecine du sommeil (CÉAMS), Recherche - Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Pfizer Canada ULC, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Centre d'études avancées en médecine du sommeil (CÉAMS), Recherche - Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900, St-Denis street, Tour Viger Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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2
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Hector A, Provost C, Delignat-Lavaud B, Bouamira K, Menaouar CA, Mongrain V, Brouillette J. Hippocampal injections of soluble amyloid-beta oligomers alter electroencephalographic activity during wake and slow-wave sleep in rats. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:174. [PMID: 37833786 PMCID: PMC10571363 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble amyloid-beta oligomers (Aβo) begin to accumulate in the human brain one to two decades before a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The literature supports that soluble Aβo are implicated in synapse and neuronal losses in the brain regions such as the hippocampus. This region importantly contributes to explicit memory, the first type of memory affected in AD. During AD preclinical and prodromal stages, people are also experiencing wake/sleep alterations such as insomnia (e.g., difficulty initiating sleep, decreased sleep duration), excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep schedule modifications. In addition, changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during wake and sleep have been reported in AD patients and animal models. However, the specific contribution of Aβo to wake/sleep alterations is poorly understood and was investigated in the present study. METHODS Chronic hippocampal injections of soluble Aβo were conducted in male rats and combined with EEG recording to determine the progressive impact of Aβ pathology specifically on wake/sleep architecture and EEG activity. Bilateral injections were conducted for 6 consecutive days, and EEG acquisition was done before, during, and after Aβo injections. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess neuron numbers in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). RESULTS Aβo injections did not affect the time spent in wakefulness, slow wave sleep (SWS), and paradoxical sleep but altered EEG activity during wake and SWS. More precisely, Aβo increased slow-wave activity (SWA; 0.5-5 Hz) and low-beta activity (16-20 Hz) during wake and decreased theta (5-9 Hz) and alpha (9-12 Hz) activities during SWS. Moreover, the theta activity/SWA ratio during wake and SWS was decreased by Aβo. These effects were significant only after 6 days of Aβo injections and were found with alterations in neuron counts in the DG. CONCLUSIONS We found multiple modifications of the wake and SWS EEG following Aβo delivery to the hippocampus. These findings expose a specific EEG signature of Aβ pathology and can serve the development of non-invasive and cost-effective markers for the early diagnosis of AD or other amyloid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Hector
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chloé Provost
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Khadija Bouamira
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Mongrain
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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3
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Bian WJ, González OC, de Lecea L. Adolescent sleep defects and dopaminergic hyperactivity in mice with a schizophrenia-linked Shank3 mutation. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad131. [PMID: 37144901 PMCID: PMC10334736 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Shank3 is a shared risk gene for autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Sleep defects have been characterized for autism models with Shank3 mutations; however, evidence has been lacking for the potential sleep defects caused by Shank3 mutation associated with schizophrenia and how early in development these defects may occur. Here we characterized the sleep architecture of adolescent mice carrying a schizophrenia-linked, R1117X mutation in Shank3. We further employed GRABDA dopamine sensor and fiber photometry to record dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens during sleep/wake states. Our results show that homozygous mutant R1117X mice have significantly reduced sleep in the dark phase during adolescence, altered electroencephalogram power, especially during the rapid-eye-movement sleep, and dopamine hyperactivity during sleep but not during wakefulness. Further analyses suggest that these adolescent defects in sleep architecture and dopaminergic neuromodulation tightly correlate with the social novelty preference later in adulthood and predict adult social performance during same-sex social interactions. Our results provide novel insights into the sleep phenotypes in mouse models of schizophrenia and the potential use of developmental sleep as a predictive metric for adult social symptoms. Together with recent studies in other Shank3 models, our work underscores the idea that Shank3-involved circuit disruptions may be one of the shared pathologies in certain types of schizophrenia and autism. Future research is needed to establish the causal relationship among adolescent sleep defects, dopaminergic dysregulation, and adult behavioral changes in Shank3 mutation animals and other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Bian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oscar C González
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Li T, Gao Y, He M, Gui Z, Zhao B, Cao Y, Chen T, Zhu J, Wang J, Zhong Q, Zhang Z. P2X7 receptor-activated microglia in cortex is critical for sleep disorder under neuropathic pain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1095718. [PMID: 36816134 PMCID: PMC9936193 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1095718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is associated with sleep disturbances, which may substantially influence the quality of life. Clinical and animal studies demonstrated that neurotransmitter is one of the main contributors to cause sleep disturbances induced by NP. Recently, it was reported that P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are widely expressed in microglia, which serves crucial role in neuronal activity in the pain and sleep-awake cycle. In this study, we adopted the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model to establish the progress of chronic pain and investigated whether P2X7R of microglia in cortex played a critical role in sleep disturbance induced by NP. At electroencephalogram (EEG) level, sleep disturbance was observed in mice treated with CCI as they exhibited mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, and inhibition of P2X7R ameliorated these changes. We showed a dramatic high level of P2X7R and Iba-1 co-expression in the cortical region, and the inhibition of P2X7R also adversely affected it. Furthermore, the power of LFPs in ventral posterior nucleus (VP) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) which changed in the CCI group was adverse after the inhibition of P2X7R. Furthermore, inhibition of P2X7R also decreased the VP-S1 coherence which increased in CCI group. Nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated inhibition of P2X7R decreased glutamate (Glu) levels in thalamic and cortical regions which were significantly increased in the CCI mice. Our findings provide evidence that NP has a critical effect on neuronal activity linked to sleep and may built up a new target for the development of sleep disturbances under chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunling Gao
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Mengying He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhu Gui
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingchu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China,School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinpiao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Qi Zhong,
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Zongze Zhang,
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Michetti C, Falace A, Benfenati F, Fassio A. Synaptic genes and neurodevelopmental disorders: From molecular mechanisms to developmental strategies of behavioral testing. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105856. [PMID: 36070836 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptopathies are a class of neurodevelopmental disorders caused by modification in genes coding for synaptic proteins. These proteins oversee the process of neurotransmission, mainly controlling the fusion and recycling of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic terminal, the expression and localization of receptors at the postsynapse and the coupling between the pre- and the postsynaptic compartments. Murine models, with homozygous or heterozygous deletion for several synaptic genes or knock-in for specific pathogenic mutations, have been developed. They have proved to be extremely informative for understanding synaptic physiology, as well as for clarifying the patho-mechanisms leading to developmental delay, epilepsy and motor, cognitive and social impairments that are the most common clinical manifestations of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the onset of these disorders emerges during infancy and adolescence while the behavioral phenotyping is often conducted in adult mice, missing important information about the impact of synaptic development and maturation on the manifestation of the behavioral phenotype. Here, we review the main achievements obtained by behavioral testing in murine models of synaptopathies and propose a battery of behavioral tests to improve classification, diagnosis and efficacy of potential therapeutic treatments. Our aim is to underlie the importance of studying behavioral development and better focusing on disease onset and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Michetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Antonio Falace
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Fassio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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6
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Webb JM, Fu YH. Recent advances in sleep genetics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:19-24. [PMID: 33360546 PMCID: PMC8217384 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep regulation has a strong genetic component. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in sleep genetics from knockout, point mutation, and GWAS studies. We overview specific genetic effects on REM versus NREM sleep as well as how the implicated genes fall in broad functional categories. Furthermore, we elucidate how genes affect different aspects of sleep including sleep duration, sleep consolidation, recovery sleep, and the circadian timing of sleep, demonstrating that genetic studies can be powerful in understanding how the body regulates sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Webb
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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7
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Feng S, Huang H, Wang N, Wei Y, Liu Y, Qin D. Sleep Disorders in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights From Animal Models, Especially Non-human Primate Model. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:673372. [PMID: 34093147 PMCID: PMC8173056 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.673372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with deficient social skills, communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of ASD has increased among children in recent years. Children with ASD experience more sleep problems, and sleep appears to be essential for the survival and integrity of most living organisms, especially for typical synaptic development and brain plasticity. Many methods have been used to assess sleep problems over past decades such as sleep diaries and parent-reported questionnaires, electroencephalography, actigraphy and videosomnography. A substantial number of rodent and non-human primate models of ASD have been generated. Many of these animal models exhibited sleep disorders at an early age. The aim of this review is to examine and discuss sleep disorders in children with ASD. Toward this aim, we evaluated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, phenotypic analyses, and pathophysiological brain mechanisms of ASD. We highlight the current state of animal models for ASD and explore their implications and prospects for investigating sleep disorders associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Feng
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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8
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Lorsung E, Karthikeyan R, Cao R. Biological Timing and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Role for Circadian Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:642745. [PMID: 33776640 PMCID: PMC7994532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.642745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, as well as stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. ASDs affect nearly 2% of the United States child population and the worldwide prevalence has dramatically increased in recent years. The etiology is not clear but ASD is thought to be caused by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Circadian rhythms are the ∼24 h rhythms driven by the endogenous biological clock, and they are found in a variety of physiological processes. Growing evidence from basic and clinical studies suggest that the dysfunction of the circadian timing system may be associated with ASD and its pathogenesis. Here we review the findings that link circadian dysfunctions to ASD in both experimental and clinical studies. We first introduce the organization of the circadian system and ASD. Next, we review physiological indicators of circadian rhythms that are found disrupted in ASD individuals, including sleep-wake cycles, melatonin, cortisol, and serotonin. Finally, we review evidence in epidemiology, human genetics, and biochemistry that indicates underlying associations between circadian regulation and the pathogenesis of ASD. In conclusion, we propose that understanding the functional importance of the circadian clock in normal and aberrant neurodevelopmental processes may provide a novel perspective to tackle ASD, and clinical treatments for ASD individuals should comprise an integrative approach considering the dynamics of daily rhythms in physical, mental, and social processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Lorsung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Ramanujam Karthikeyan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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9
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Ali H, Marth L, Krueger-Burg D. Neuroligin-2 as a central organizer of inhibitory synapses in health and disease. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/663/eabd8379. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd8379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Postsynaptic organizational protein complexes play central roles both in orchestrating synapse formation and in defining the functional properties of synaptic transmission that together shape the flow of information through neuronal networks. A key component of these organizational protein complexes is the family of synaptic adhesion proteins called neuroligins. Neuroligins form transsynaptic bridges with presynaptic neurexins to regulate various aspects of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Neuroligin-2 (NLGN2) is the only member that acts exclusively at GABAergic inhibitory synapses. Altered expression and mutations in NLGN2 and several of its interacting partners are linked to cognitive and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, and anxiety. Research on NLGN2 has fundamentally shaped our understanding of the molecular architecture of inhibitory synapses. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular functions of mammalian NLGN2 and its role in the neuronal circuitry that regulates behavior in rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ali
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Marth
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dilja Krueger-Burg
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Khlghatyan J, Evstratova A, Bozoyan L, Chamberland S, Chatterjee D, Marakhovskaia A, Soares Silva T, Toth K, Mongrain V, Beaulieu J. Fxr1 regulates sleep and synaptic homeostasis. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103864. [PMID: 32893934 PMCID: PMC7604579 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragile X autosomal homolog 1 (Fxr1) is regulated by lithium and has been GWAS-associated with schizophrenia and insomnia. Homeostatic regulation of synaptic strength is essential for the maintenance of brain functions and involves both cell-autonomous and system-level processes such as sleep. We examined the contribution of Fxr1 to cell-autonomous homeostatic synaptic scaling and neuronal responses to sleep loss, using a combination of gene overexpression and Crispr/Cas9-mediated somatic knockouts to modulate gene expression. Our findings indicate that Fxr1 is downregulated during both scaling and sleep deprivation via a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β)-dependent mechanism. In both conditions, downregulation of Fxr1 is essential for the homeostatic modulation of surface AMPA receptors and synaptic strength. Preventing the downregulation of Fxr1 during sleep deprivation results in altered EEG signatures. Furthermore, sequencing of neuronal translatomes revealed the contribution of Fxr1 to changes induced by sleep deprivation. These findings uncover a role of Fxr1 as a shared signaling hub between cell-autonomous homeostatic plasticity and system-level responses to sleep loss, with potential implications for neuropsychiatric illnesses and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivan Khlghatyan
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec‐CityQCCanada
- Present address:
Department of NeuroscienceNovartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Alesya Evstratova
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Lusine Bozoyan
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Simon Chamberland
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébec‐CityQCCanada
- Present address:
NYU Neuroscience InstituteLangone Medical CenterNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | | | - Tiago Soares Silva
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Katalin Toth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Valerie Mongrain
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversité de Montréal and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep MedicineHôpital du Sacré‐Coeur de Montréal (CIUSSS‐NIM)MontrealQCCanada
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Wintler T, Schoch H, Frank M, Peixoto L. Sleep, brain development, and autism spectrum disorders: Insights from animal models. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1137-1149. [PMID: 32215963 PMCID: PMC7199437 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved and powerful drive, although its complete functions are still unknown. One possible function of sleep is that it promotes brain development. The amount of sleep is greatest during ages when the brain is rapidly developing, and sleep has been shown to influence critical period plasticity. This supports a role for sleep in brain development and suggests that abnormal sleep in early life may lead to abnormal development. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in the United States. It is estimated that insomnia affects 44%-86% of the ASD population, predicting the severity of ASD core symptoms and associated behavioral problems. Sleep problems impact the quality of life of both ASD individuals and their caregivers, thus it is important to understand why they are so prevalent. In this review, we explore the role of sleep in early life as a causal factor in ASD. First, we review fundamental steps in mammalian sleep ontogeny and regulation and how sleep influences brain development. Next, we summarize current knowledge gained from studying sleep in animal models of ASD. Ultimately, our goal is to highlight the importance of understanding the role of sleep in brain development and the use of animal models to provide mechanistic insight into the origin of sleep problems in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Wintler
- Washington State University Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Spokane, WA, 99202USA
| | - Hannah Schoch
- Washington State University Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Spokane, WA, 99202USA
| | - Marcos Frank
- Washington State University Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Spokane, WA, 99202USA
| | - Lucia Peixoto
- Washington State University Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Spokane, WA, 99202USA
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12
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Areal CC, Cao R, Sonenberg N, Mongrain V. Wakefulness/sleep architecture and electroencephalographic activity in mice lacking the translational repressor 4E-BP1 or 4E-BP2. Sleep 2020; 43:5573651. [PMID: 31553042 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep and sleep loss are affecting protein synthesis in the brain, but the contribution of translational control to wakefulness and sleep regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the role of two suppressors of protein synthesis, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding proteins 1 and 2 (4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2), in sleep architecture and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity as well as in the EEG and molecular responses to acute sleep loss. The EEG of mice mutant for the genes encoding 4E-BP1 or 4E-BP2 (Eif4ebp1 and Eif4ebp2 knockout [KO] mice) was recorded under undisturbed conditions and following a 6-hour sleep deprivation (SD). The effect of SD on the expression of genes known to respond to SD was also measured in the prefrontal cortex of Eif4ebp1 and Eif4ebp2 KO mice. Eif4ebp1 KO mice differed from wild-type mice in parameters of wakefulness and sleep quantity and quality, and more subtly in the gene expression response to SD. For instance, Eif4ebp1 KO mice spent more time in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and showed altered baseline 24-h time courses of SWS delta (1-4 Hz) activity and sigma (10-13 Hz) activity. Eif4ebp2 KO mice differed from wild-type mice only for wakefulness and sleep quality, expressing changes in EEG spectral activity generally revealed during and after SD. These findings suggest different roles of effectors of translational control in the regulation of wakefulness and sleep and of synchronized cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C Areal
- Research Center and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Research Center and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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13
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Ingiosi AM, Schoch H, Wintler T, Singletary KG, Righelli D, Roser LG, Medina E, Risso D, Frank MG, Peixoto L. Shank3 modulates sleep and expression of circadian transcription factors. eLife 2019; 8:e42819. [PMID: 30973326 PMCID: PMC6488297 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in the United States and often co-presents with sleep problems. Sleep problems in ASD predict the severity of ASD core diagnostic symptoms and have a considerable impact on the quality of life of caregivers. Little is known, however, about the underlying molecular mechanisms of sleep problems in ASD. We investigated the role of Shank3, a high confidence ASD gene candidate, in sleep architecture and regulation. We show that mice lacking exon 21 of Shank3 have problems falling asleep even when sleepy. Using RNA-seq we show that sleep deprivation increases the differences in prefrontal cortex gene expression between mutants and wild types, downregulating circadian transcription factors Per3, Bhlhe41, Hlf, Tef, and Nr1d1. Shank3 mutants also have trouble regulating wheel-running activity in constant darkness. Overall, our study shows that Shank3 is an important modulator of sleep and clock gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Ingiosi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Hannah Schoch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Taylor Wintler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Kristan G Singletary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Dario Righelli
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo “M. Picone”Consiglio Nazionale della RicercheNapoliItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali Management & Innovation SystemsUniversity of FuscianoFiscianoItaly
| | - Leandro G Roser
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Medina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Davide Risso
- Department of Statistical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and ResearchWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Marcos G Frank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Lucia Peixoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
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14
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Seok BS, Cao F, Bélanger-Nelson E, Provost C, Gibbs S, Jia Z, Mongrain V. Correction to: The effect of Neuroligin-2 absence on sleep architecture and electroencephalographic activity in mice. Mol Brain 2019; 12:9. [PMID: 30700334 PMCID: PMC6352436 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction to: Molecular Brain (2018) 11:52 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-018-0394-3Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that the article was mistakenly submitted with the omission of two authors: Feng Cao and Zhengping Jia. The authors declare that this was an error made in good faith. The corrected author list and list of affiliations are used in this Correction. The changes made to the author list and list of affiliations are also listed below, as well as the revised 'Acknowledgements' section and 'Authors' contributions' section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Soo Seok
- Research Center and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), 5400 Gouin West blvd, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, 2960 chemin de la Tour, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Feng Cao
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Erika Bélanger-Nelson
- Research Center and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), 5400 Gouin West blvd, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Chloé Provost
- Research Center and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), 5400 Gouin West blvd, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Steve Gibbs
- Research Center and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), 5400 Gouin West blvd, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, 2960 chemin de la Tour, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Research Center and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), 5400 Gouin West blvd, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada. .,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, 2960 chemin de la Tour, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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