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Lv Z, Ali A, Wang N, Ren H, Liu L, Yan F, Shad M, Hao H, Zhang Y, Rahman FU. Co-targeting CDK 4/6 and C-MYC/STAT3/CCND1 axis and inhibition of tumorigenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in triple negative breast cancer by Pt(II) complexes bearing NH 3 as trans-co-ligand. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112661. [PMID: 39018748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
In search of potential anticancer agents, we synthesized SNO-donor salicylaldimine main ligand-based Pt(II) complexes bearing NH3 as co-ligand at trans-position (C1-C6). These complexes showed similarity in structure with transplatin as the two N donor atoms of the main ligand and NH3 co-ligand were coordinated to Pt in trans position to each other. Each complex with different substituents on the main ligand was characterized thoroughly by detailed spectroscopic and spectrophotometric methods. Four of these complexes were studied in solid state by single crystal X-ray analysis. The stability of reference complex C1 was measured in solution state in DMSO‑d6 or its mixture with D2O using 1H NMR methods. These complexes were further investigated for their anticancer activity in triple-negative-breast (TNBC) cells including MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-436 cells. All these complexes showed satisfactory cytotoxic effect as revealed by the MTT results. Importantly, the highly active complex C4 anticancer effect was compared to the standard chemotherapeutic agents including cisplatin, oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Functionally, C4 suppressed invasion, spheroids formation ability and clonogenic potential of cancer cells. C4 showed synergistic anticancer effect when used in combination with palbociclib, JQ1 and paclitaxel in TNBC cells. Mechanistically, C4 inhibited cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 pathway and targeted the expressions of MYC/STAT3/CCND1/CNNE1 axis. Furthermore, C4 suppressed the EMT signaling pathway that suggested a role of C4 in the inhibition of TNBC metastasis. Our findings may pave further in detailed mechanistic study on these complexes as potential chemotherapeutic agents in different types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lv
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Ren
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijing Liu
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Fufu Yan
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Shad
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Wang L, Pattnaik A, Sahoo SS, Stone EG, Zhuang Y, Benton A, Tajmul M, Chakravorty S, Dhawan D, Nguyen MA, Sirit I, Mundy K, Ricketts CJ, Hadisurya M, Baral G, Tinsley SL, Anderson NL, Hoda S, Briggs SD, Kaimakliotis HZ, Allen-Petersen BL, Tao WA, Linehan WM, Knapp DW, Hanna JA, Olson MR, Afzali B, Kazemian M. Unbiased discovery of cancer pathways and therapeutics using Pathway Ensemble Tool and Benchmark. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7288. [PMID: 39179644 PMCID: PMC11343859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Correctly identifying perturbed biological pathways is a critical step in uncovering basic disease mechanisms and developing much-needed therapeutic strategies. However, whether current tools are optimal for unbiased discovery of relevant pathways remains unclear. Here, we create "Benchmark" to critically evaluate existing tools and find that most function sub-optimally. We thus develop the "Pathway Ensemble Tool" (PET), which outperforms existing methods. Deploying PET, we identify prognostic pathways across 12 cancer types. PET-identified prognostic pathways offer additional insights, with genes within these pathways serving as reliable biomarkers for clinical outcomes. Additionally, normalizing these pathways using drug repurposing strategies represents therapeutic opportunities. For example, the top predicted repurposed drug for bladder cancer, a CDK2/9 inhibitor, represses cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We anticipate that using Benchmark and PET for unbiased pathway discovery will offer additional insights into disease mechanisms across a spectrum of diseases, enabling biomarker discovery and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luopin Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Aryamav Pattnaik
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Subhransu Sekhar Sahoo
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ella G Stone
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yuxin Zhuang
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Annaleigh Benton
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Md Tajmul
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Srishti Chakravorty
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - My An Nguyen
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Isabella Sirit
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kyle Mundy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch of Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marco Hadisurya
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Garima Baral
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Samantha L Tinsley
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicole L Anderson
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Smriti Hoda
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Scott D Briggs
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Brittany L Allen-Petersen
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - W Andy Tao
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch of Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deborah W Knapp
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason A Hanna
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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3
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Francoeur AA, Fontenont V, Tewari KS. Treatment options in the advanced and recurrent setting for endometrial cancer: an update. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:731-744. [PMID: 38913791 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2370377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in women and is projected to surpass ovarian cancer as the deadliest gynecologic malignancy in the United States in 2024. Additionally, rates of advanced and high-risk uterine cancer have been on the rise in the United States, demonstrating a need for innovation in treatment options. There have been multiple recent trials investigating the incorporation of novel agents in the treatment of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer. AREAS COVERED This article will discuss the current landscape of the treatment of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer, focusing on recent phase III trials published or presented on with the incorporation of immunotherapy and other novel therapeutics while also reviewing promising phase I and II trials in the field. Clinical trials were identified via clinicaltrials.gov and a PubMed literature search was performed (initially February 2024, updated May 2024). EXPERT OPINION The treatment field is promising for patients as many of these trials appear to offer progression free and overall survival benefits in a disease with a historically poor prognosis. Molecular profiling of endometrial cancer will be the backbone of treatment paradigms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Andrea Francoeur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Fontenont
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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Jia L, Peng J, Sun N, Chen H, Liu Z, Zhao W, Zhang Q, Li L. Effect of PR status on the prognosis of advanced ER-high HER2-negative breast cancer patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitor combined with endocrine as first-line therapy. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:850. [PMID: 39020297 PMCID: PMC11256572 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate the effect of progesterone receptor (PR) status on the prognosis of advanced estrogen receptor (ER)-high human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitor combined with endocrine as first-line therapy. METHODS Advanced ER-high HER2-negative breast cancer patients who were admitted to Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital and received cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitor combined with endocrine as first-line therapy were included for analysis. Patients were divided into PR-high group (11-100%), PR-low group (1-10%), and PR-negative group (< 1%) according to the expression of PR. Chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation of variables between groups. COX regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the differences of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between groups. RESULTS Among the 152 patients, 72 were PR-high, 32 were PR-low, and 48 were PR-negative. Compared with PR-negative group, the proportions of disease-free survival (DFS) ≥ 5 years and Ki-67 index ≤ 30% in PR-low group and PR-high group were significant higher. PR-negative patients were more likely to occur first-line progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) than PR-high(P = 0.026). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that PR-negative and first-line POD24 occurrence were risk factors for survival. Survival curve analysis showed that compared with PR-high group, the PFS and OS were significantly lower in PR-negative group (P = 0.001, P = 0.036, respectively). Patients with first-line POD24 had shorter OS in the overall population as well as in subgroups stratified by PR status. CONCLUSIONS PR-negative and first-line POD24 occurrence were risk factors of advanced ER-high HER2-negative breast cancer patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitor combined with endocrine as first-line therapy. PR-negative patients had shortest PFS and OS. Regardless of PR status, first-line POD24 occurrence predicted shorter OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Junning Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.
| | - Liru Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.
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5
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Li Y, Sung Y, Choi YE, Choi Y, Goh SH. Synergistic Enhancement of Antitumor Effects by Combining Abemaciclib with Desipramine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7407. [PMID: 39000513 PMCID: PMC11242104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, including abemaciclib, have been approved for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced, and metastatic breast cancer. Despite the high therapeutic efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors, they are associated with various adverse effects, including potentially fatal interstitial lung disease. Therefore, a combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with letrozole or fulvestrant has been attempted but has demonstrated limitations in reducing adverse effects, highlighting the need to develop new combination therapies. This study proposes a combination strategy using CDK4/6 inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants to enhance the therapeutic outcomes of these inhibitors while reducing their side effects. The therapeutic efficacies of abemaciclib and desipramine were tested in different cancer cell lines (H460, MCF7, and HCT-116). The antitumor effects of the combined abemaciclib and desipramine treatment were evaluated in a xenograft colon tumor model. In vitro cell studies have shown the synergistic anticancer effects of combination therapy in the HCT-116 cell line. The combination treatment significantly reduced tumor size compared with control or single treatment without causing apparent toxicity to normal tissues. Although additional in vivo studies are necessary, this study suggests that the combination therapy of abemaciclib and desipramine may represent a novel therapeutic approach for treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Technology Convergence, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeojin Sung
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.E.C.)
| | - Young Eun Choi
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.E.C.)
| | - Yongdoo Choi
- Division of Technology Convergence, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Ho Goh
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.E.C.)
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Zhu JJ, Ai Y, Wu JH, Zeng CG, Cui Z, Zhang ZP, Zhu JY, Wang CQ, Zhong H. Ring-Contracted Artemisinin Derivatives as Novel CDK 4/6 Inhibitors: Synthesis and Anti-Breast Cancer Evaluation. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400086. [PMID: 38619074 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The endoperoxide group of artemisinins is universally accepted an essential group for their anti-cancer effects. In this study, a series of D-ring-contracted artemisinin derivatives were constructed by combining ring-contracted artemisinin core with fragments of functional heterocyclic molecules or classical CDK4/6 inhibitors to identify more efficacious breast cancer treatment agents. Twenty-six novel hybridized molecules were synthesized and characterized by HRMS, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C NMR. In antiproliferative activities and kinase inhibitory effects assays, we found that the antiproliferative effects of B01 were close to those of the positive control Palbociclib, with GI50 values of 4.87±0.23 μM and 9.97±1.44 μM towards T47D cells and MDA-MB-436 cells respectively. In addition, the results showed that B01 was the most potent compound against CDK6/cyclin D3 kinase, with an IC50 value of 0.135±0.041 μM, and its activity was approximately 1/3 of the positive control Palbociclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Ai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun-Hui Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Chang-Guang Zeng
- Technical Department of Criminal Investigation Branch, Deyang Police Office, 618000, Deyang, China
| | - Zhen Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng-Ping Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Chang-Qi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Hang Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, 550025, Guiyang, China
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Shi Y, Wang Z, Shao Y, Guang Q, Zhang J, Liu B, Wu C, Wang Y, Sui P. Combined SET7/9 and CDK4 inhibition act synergistically against osteosarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149808. [PMID: 38520914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor. It has a poor prognosis because of a lack of therapeutic targets and strategies. The SET domain-containing lysine-specific methyltransferase, SET7/9, has various functions in different cancer types in tissue-type and signaling context-dependent manners. The role of SET7/9 in osteosarcoma cells is currently controversial and its potential as a therapeutic candidate in osteosarcoma is unknown. In the present study, SET7/9 inhibition or ablation suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation by causing G1 arrest. Mechanistically, SET7/9 inhibition disrupted the interaction between cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin D1, which affected CDK4-cyclin D1 complex function, leading to decreased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. CDK4 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma tissues and was closely related to a poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. We therefore hypothesized that SET7/9 inhibition might increase the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to CDK4 inhibitors, potentially decreasing the risk of adverse effects of CDK4 inhibitors. The combination of SET7/9 and CDK4 inhibition enabled dose reductions of both inhibitors and had a synergistic effect against osteosarcoma growth in vivo. Collectively, these findings indicate that SET7/9 plays an oncogenic role in osteosarcoma by regulating CDK4-cyclin D1 complex interaction and function. The combination of SET7/9 and CDK4 inhibition may thus provide a novel effective therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma with no significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxu Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China
| | - Zhonghao Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Qianqian Guang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China
| | - Chunshen Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China
| | - Yexin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China.
| | - Ping Sui
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China.
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8
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Favaretto G, Rossi MN, Cuollo L, Laffranchi M, Cervelli M, Soriani A, Sozzani S, Santoni A, Antonangeli F. Neutrophil-activating secretome characterizes palbociclib-induced senescence of breast cancer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:113. [PMID: 38693312 PMCID: PMC11063017 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Senescent cells have a profound impact on the surrounding microenvironment through the secretion of numerous bioactive molecules and inflammatory factors. The induction of therapy-induced senescence by anticancer drugs is known, but how senescent tumor cells influence the tumor immune landscape, particularly neutrophil activity, is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the induction of cellular senescence in breast cancer cells and the subsequent immunomodulatory effects on neutrophils using the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, which is approved for the treatment of breast cancer and is under intense investigation for additional malignancies. Our research demonstrates that palbociclib induces a reversible form of senescence endowed with an inflammatory secretome capable of recruiting and activating neutrophils, in part through the action of interleukin-8 and acute-phase serum amyloid A1. The activation of neutrophils is accompanied by the release of neutrophil extracellular trap and the phagocytic removal of senescent tumor cells. These findings may be relevant for the success of cancer therapy as neutrophils, and neutrophil-driven inflammation can differently affect tumor progression. Our results reveal that neutrophils, as already demonstrated for macrophages and natural killer cells, can be recruited and engaged by senescent tumor cells to participate in their clearance. Understanding the interplay between senescent cells and neutrophils may lead to innovative strategies to cope with chronic or tumor-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Favaretto
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Cuollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mattia Laffranchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Konstantinopoulos PA, Xiong N, Krasner C, Liu JF, Sawyer H, Polak M, Needham H, Geddes M, Koppermann L, Shea M, Castro C, Cheng SC, Matulonis UA, Lee EK. Combined aromatase, CDK4/6 and PI3K blockade using letrozole/abemaciclib/LY3023414 in endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2024; 52:101348. [PMID: 38425459 PMCID: PMC10901901 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2024.101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Several lines of preclinical evidence indicate that combining PI3K and CDK4/6 inhibitors may further enhance the efficacy of hormonal therapy by overcoming de novo and acquired resistance to PI3K and CDK4/6 blockade. We evaluated the combination of abemaciclib, letrozole and LY3023414 (an orally available, selective inhibitor of the class I PI3K isoforms and mTORC1/2) in recurrent endometrial cancer (EC). This study was terminated prematurely after 5 patients initiated protocol therapy due to discontinuation of further development of LY3023414. We report our findings from these patients, including one with recurrent endometrioid EC with AKT1, CTNNB1 and ESR1 hotspot mutations who had previously progressed through letrozole/everolimus and achieved a partial response to letrozole/abemaciclib/LY3023414.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niya Xiong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meghan Shea
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Liu Z, Wang R, Jiang R, Zhou Q. Complete resection after abemaciclib targeted therapy in a patient with mediastinal liposarcoma extensively invading the pericardium and major vessels. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:1853-1854. [PMID: 38182520 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.12.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Liu
- Lung Cancer Center & Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rulan Wang
- Lung Cancer Center & Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Lung Cancer Center & Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Lung Cancer Center & Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Sarma S, Dowerah D, Basumatary M, Phonglo A, Deka RC. Inhibitory potential of furanocoumarins against cyclin dependent kinase 4 using integrated docking, molecular dynamics and ONIOM methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-30. [PMID: 38189343 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2300755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) is vital in the process of cell-cycle and serves as a G1 phase checkpoint in cell division. Selective antagonists of CDK4 which are in use as clinical chemotherapeutics cause various side-effects in patients. Furanocoumarins induce anti-cancerous effects in a range of human tumours. Therefore, targeting these compounds against CDK4 is anticipated to enhance therapeutic effectiveness. This work intended to explore the CDK4 inhibitory potential of 50 furanocoumarin molecules, using a comprehensive approach that integrates the processes of docking, drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic analysis, molecular dynamics simulations and ONIOM (Our own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and Molecular mechanics) methods. The top five best docked compounds obtained from docking studies were screened for subsequent analysis. The molecules displayed good pharmacokinetic properties and no toxicity. Epoxybergamottin, dihydroxybergamottin and notopterol were found to inhabit the ATP-binding zone of CDK4 with substantial stability and negative binding free energy forming hydrogen bonds with key catalytic residues of the protein. Notopterol exhibiting the highest binding energy was subjected to ONIOM calculations wherein the hydrogen bonding interactions were retained with significant negative interaction energy. Hence, through these series of computerised methods, notopterol was screened as a potent CDK4 inhibitor and can act as a starting point in successive processes of drug design.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srutishree Sarma
- CMML-Catalysis and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam, India
| | - Dikshita Dowerah
- CMML-Catalysis and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam, India
| | - Moumita Basumatary
- CMML-Catalysis and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam, India
| | - Ambalika Phonglo
- CMML-Catalysis and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam, India
| | - Ramesh Ch Deka
- CMML-Catalysis and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Sonitpur, Assam, India
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12
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Liu C, Shi J, Lin B, Zhou M, Shan D, Nie J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Han P, Zheng T. SHR6390 Combined with Cabozantinib Inhibits Tumor Progression in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mouse Model. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:453-464. [PMID: 36017825 DOI: 10.2174/1566523222666220825110147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel CDK4/6 inhibitor SHR6390 has shown significant anti-tumor effects. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the inhibitory effect of combination treatment with SHR6390 and cabozantinib in HCC, and its antitumor mechanism, so as to provide a more effective therapeutic strategy for HCC patients. METHODS We investigated SHR6390, monotherapy or combined with cabozantinib, by CCK8, wound healing, transwell, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and mouse model of a subcutaneous tumor. RESULTS Our results show that SHR6390 exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity against HCC in a dose-dependent manner. SHR6390 combined with cabozantinib exhibited more potent inhibition of cell viability, migration and invasion. In terms of potential mechanisms, we found that cabozantinib could lead to phosphorylation of Rb, which was reduced in SHR6390 and combined groups. SHR6390 monotherapy inhibited the growth of subcutaneous HCC tumors, besides, the combination treatment with SHR6390 and cabozantinib exerted synergistic anti-tumor activity in vivo Conclusion: SHR6390 is effective against HCC, monotherapy or combined with cabozantinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Binlin Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Shan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Nie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Phase 1 Trials Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Heilongjiang Cancer Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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13
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Khatoon Z, Khalid M, Alqarni MH, Foudah AI, Annadurai S, Wahab S, Abdullah Almoyad MA. Targeting CDK6 in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: inhibitor discovery for precision oncology through dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38127416 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2294375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
CDK6 is a critical protein involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, playing an important role in the progression from the G1 to S phase. In breast cancer, dysregulation of this protein is involved in tumour development and progression, particularly in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancers. The upregulation of CDK6 have been observed in a subset of breast cancers, leading to uncontrolled progression of the cell cycle and increased proliferation of cells. The purpose of this abstract is to provide an outline of CDK6's role. In breast cancer and the therapeutic strategies targeting CDK6 using specific selected inhibitors. To discover viable therapeutic candidates after competitive inhibition of CDK6 with a small molecular drug complex, high throughput screening and docking studies were used. Further, we carried the compounds based on ADMET properties and prediction of activity spectra for substances analysis. Finally, two different compounds were selected to carry out MD simulations. CDK6-IMPHY002642 and CDK6-IMPHY005260 are the two compounds that were identified. Overall, our results suggest that the CDK6-IMPHY002642 and CDK6-IMPHY005260 complex was relatively stable during the simulation. The compounds that have been found can also be further examined as potential therapeutic possibilities. The combined findings suggest that CDK6, together with their genetic changes, can be investigated in therapeutic interventions for precision oncology, leveraging early diagnostics and target-driven therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivakumar Annadurai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Khamis Mushyt, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Ray-Coquard I, Monk BJ, Lorusso D, Mahdi H, Upadhyay V, Graul R, Husain A, Mirza MR, Slomovitz B. The promise of combining CDK4/6 inhibition with hormonal therapy in the first-line treatment setting for metastatic or recurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023; 33:1943-1949. [PMID: 37907262 PMCID: PMC10804003 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic or recurrent endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus is often incurable with limited treatment options. First-line treatment often includes cytotoxic chemotherapy, which incurs significant toxicities for many patients. Endometrial cancer, specifically endometrioid cancer, is a hormone-sensitive disease and, while single-agent hormonal therapies have demonstrated clinical benefit, resistance to these agents often leads to the use of chemotherapy. There is a lack of approved endocrine treatment options in the metastatic setting for most recurrent endometrial cancers, representing an unmet clinical need. Emerging evidence suggests that hormonal therapy in combination with other targeted treatments, such as cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitors, is well tolerated and effective in select patient populations. We discuss the clinical evidence suggesting that the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and hormonal therapy has the potential to represent an important addition to the first-line treatment options for patients with low-grade advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire (GINECO), Centre Leon Bèrard, Lyon, France
| | - Bradley J Monk
- Honor Health Research Institute, University of Arizona, Creighton University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Haider Mahdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mansoor Raza Mirza
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Slomovitz
- Gynecologic Oncology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
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15
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Soliman TN, Keifenheim D, Parker PJ, Clarke DJ. Cell cycle responses to Topoisomerase II inhibition: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209125. [PMID: 37955972 PMCID: PMC10641588 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA Topoisomerase IIA (Topo IIA) is an enzyme that alters the topological state of DNA and is essential for the separation of replicated sister chromatids and the integrity of cell division. Topo IIA dysfunction activates cell cycle checkpoints, resulting in arrest in either the G2-phase or metaphase of mitosis, ultimately triggering the abscission checkpoint if non-disjunction persists. These events, which directly or indirectly monitor the activity of Topo IIA, have become of major interest as many cancers have deficiencies in Topoisomerase checkpoints, leading to genome instability. Recent studies into how cells sense Topo IIA dysfunction and respond by regulating cell cycle progression demonstrate that the Topo IIA G2 checkpoint is distinct from the G2-DNA damage checkpoint. Likewise, in mitosis, the metaphase Topo IIA checkpoint is separate from the spindle assembly checkpoint. Here, we integrate mechanistic knowledge of Topo IIA checkpoints with the current understanding of how cells regulate progression through the cell cycle to accomplish faithful genome transmission and discuss the opportunities this offers for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya N. Soliman
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Keifenheim
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Duncan J. Clarke
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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16
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Quan C, Wu Z, Xiong J, Li M, Fu Y, Su J, Wang Y, Ning L, Zhang D, Xie N. Upregulated PARP1 confers breast cancer resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors via YB-1 phosphorylation. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:100. [PMID: 38037159 PMCID: PMC10687910 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 kinases, as the critical drivers of the cell cycle, are involved in the tumor progression of various malignancies. Pharmacologic inhibitors of CDK4/6 have shown significant clinical prospects in treating hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (HR + /HER2-) breast cancer (BC) patients. However, acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i), as a common issue, has developed rapidly. It is of great significance that the identification of novel therapeutic targets facilitates overcoming the CDK4/6i resistance. PARP1, an amplified gene for CDK4/6i-resistant patients, was found to be significantly upregulated during the construction of CDK4/6i-resistant strains. Whether PARP1 drives CDK4/6i resistance in breast cancer is worth further study. METHOD PARP1 and p-YB-1 protein levels in breast cancer cells and tissues were quantified using Western blot (WB) analysis, immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. Bioinformatics analyses of Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) datasets were applied to explore the relationship between YB-1/PARP1 protein levels and CDK4/6i IC50. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and crystal violet staining assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation rates and drug killing effects. Flow cytometry assays were conducted to assess apoptosis rates and the G1/S ratio in the cell cycle. An EdU proliferation assay was used to detect the DNA replication ratio after treatment with PARP1 and YB-1 inhibitors. A ChIP assay was performed to assess the interaction of the transcription factor YB-1 and associated DNA regions. A double fluorescein reporter gene assay was designed to assess the influence of WT/S102A/S102E YB-1 on the promoter region of PARP1. Subcutaneous implantation models were applied for in vivo tumor growth evaluations. RESULTS Here, we reported that PARP1 was amplified in breast cancer cells and CDK4/6i-resistant patients, and knockdown or inhibition of PARP1 reversed drug resistance in cell experiments and animal models. In addition, upregulation of transcription factor YB-1 also occurred in CDK4/6i-resistant breast cancer, and YB-1 inhibition can regulate PARP1 expression. p-YB-1 and PARP1 were upregulated when treated with CDK4/6i based on the WB and IF results, and elevated PARP1 and p-YB-1 were almost simultaneously observed during the construction of MCF7AR-resistant strains. Inhibition of YB-1 or PAPR1 can cause decreased DNA replication, G1/S cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis. We initially confirmed that YB-1 can bind to the promoter region of PARP1 through a ChIP assay. Furthermore, we found that YB-1 phosphorylated at S102 was crucial for PARP1 transcription according to the double fluorescein reporter gene assay. The combination therapy of YB-1 inhibitors and CDK4/6i exerted a synergistic antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo. The clinical data suggested that HR + /HER2- patients with low expression of p-YB-1/PARP1 may be sensitive to CDK4/6i in breast cancer. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that a ''YB-1/PARP1'' loop conferred resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Furthermore, interrupting the loop can enhance tumor killing in the xenograft tumor model, which provides a promising strategy against drug resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Quan
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology, Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Manqing Li
- Public Health School of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- Laboratory Department, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Su
- Laboratory Department, Shenzhen Baoan People's Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lvwen Ning
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Xie
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China.
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Sheikhi N, Bahraminejad M, Saeedi M, Mirfazli SS. A review: FDA-approved fluorine-containing small molecules from 2015 to 2022. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115758. [PMID: 37657268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing small molecules have occupied a special position in drug discovery research. The successful clinical use of fluorinated corticosteroids in the 1950s and fluoroquinolones in the 1980s led to an ever-increasing number of approved fluorinated compounds over the last 50 years. They have shown various biological properties such as antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Fluoro-pharmaceuticals have been considered a strong and practical tool in the rational drug design approach due to their benefits from potency and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) points of view. Herein, approved fluorinated drugs from 2015 to 2022 were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sheikhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahraminejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Sara Mirfazli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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John A, Raza H. Azadirachtin Attenuates Carcinogen Benzo(a) Pyrene-Induced DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis, Inflammatory, Metabolic, and Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2001. [PMID: 38001854 PMCID: PMC10669168 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Azadirachtin (AZD), a limonoid from the versatile, tropical neem tree (Azadirachta indica), is well known for its many medicinal, and pharmacological effects. Its effects as an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer agent are well known. However, not many studies have explored the effects of AZD on toxicities induced by benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), a toxic component of cigarette smoke known to cause DNA damage and cell cycle arrest, leading to different kinds of cancer. In the present study, using HepG2 cells, we investigated the protective effects of Azadirachtin (AZD) against B(a)P-induced oxidative/nitrosative and metabolic stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment with 25 µM B(a)P for 24 h demonstrated an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed by increased lipid peroxidation and DNA damage presumably, due to the increased metabolic activation of B(a)P by CYP 450 1A1/1A2 enzymes. We also observed intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, alterations in glutathione-dependent redox homeostasis, cell cycle arrest, and inflammation after B(a)P treatment. Cells treated with 25 µM AZD for 24 h showed decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, partial protection from DNA damage, and an improvement in mitochondrial functions and bioenergetics. The improvement in antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory potential, and alterations in cell cycle regulatory markers qualify AZD as a potential therapeutic in combination with anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haider Raza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 5th Postal Region, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
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19
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Xu J, Yu C, Zeng X, Tang W, Xu S, Tang L, Huang Y, Sun Z, Yu T. Visualization of breast cancer-related protein synthesis from the perspective of bibliometric analysis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:461. [PMID: 37885035 PMCID: PMC10605986 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, as a daunting global health threat, has driven an exponential growth in related research activity in recent decades. An area of research of paramount importance is protein synthesis, and the analysis of specific proteins inextricably linked to breast cancer. In this article, we undertake a bibliometric analysis of the literature on breast cancer and protein synthesis, aiming to provide crucial insights into this esoteric realm of investigation. Our approach was to scour the Web of Science database, between 2003 and 2022, for articles containing the keywords "breast cancer" and "protein synthesis" in their title, abstract, or keywords. We deployed bibliometric analysis software, exploring a range of measures such as publication output, citation counts, co-citation analysis, and keyword analysis. Our search yielded 2998 articles that met our inclusion criteria. The number of publications in this area has steadily increased, with a significant rise observed after 2003. Most of the articles were published in oncology or biology-related journals, with the most publications in Journal of Biological Chemistry, Cancer Research, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, and Oncogene. Keyword analysis revealed that "breast cancer," "expression," "cancer," "protein," and "translation" were the most commonly researched topics. In conclusion, our bibliometric analysis of breast cancer and related protein synthesis literature underscores the burgeoning interest in this research. The focus of the research is primarily on the relationship between protein expression in breast cancer and the development and treatment of tumors. These studies have been instrumental in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Sustained research in this area will yield essential insights into the biology of breast cancer and the genesis of cutting-edge therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Chengdong Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zeng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Yanxiao Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Zhengkui Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China.
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China.
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Han L, Wang Z, Li C, Fan M, Wang Y, Sun G, Dai G. Functional identification and prediction of lncRNAs in esophageal cancer. Comput Biol Med 2023; 165:107205. [PMID: 37611425 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with poor prognosis, and the identification of molecular biomarkers is crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in the development and progression of esophageal cancer. However, due to the time cost of biological experiments, only a small number of lncRNAs related to esophageal cancer have been discovered. Currently, computational methods have emerged as powerful tools for identifying and characterizing lncRNAs, as well as predicting their potential functions. Therefore, this article proposes a transformer-based method for identifying esophageal cancer-related lncRNAs. Experimental results show that the AUC and AUPR of this method are superior to other comparison methods, with an AUC of 0.87 and an AUPR of 0.83, and the identified lncRNA targets are closely associated with esophageal cancer. We focus on the role of esophageal cancer-related lncRNAs in the immune microenvironment, and fully explore the functions of the target genes regulated by lncRNAs. Enrichment analysis shows that the predicted target genes are related to multiple pathways involved in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of esophageal cancer. This not only demonstrates the effectiveness of the method but also indicates the accuracy of the prediction results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Congyong Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Sixth Health Care Department, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Guanghai Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Huang L, Sha Y, Liang W, Mo C, Li C, Deng Y, Gong W, Hou X, Ou M. High-throughput sequencing reveals Jatrorrhizine inhibits colorectal cancer growth by ferroptosis-related genes. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:217. [PMID: 37710311 PMCID: PMC10500743 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumor that poses a serious threat to human health. The main objective of this study is to investigate the mechanism by which Jatrorrhizine (JAT), a root extract from Stephania Epigaea Lo, exerts its anticancer effects in colorectal cancer. METHODS We initially assessed the inhibitory properties of JAT on SW480 cells using MTT and cell scratch assays. Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell apoptosis. Differentially expressed genes were identified through high-throughput sequencing, and they were subjected to functional enrichment and signaling pathway analysis and PPI network construction. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate gene expression and identify critical differentially expressed genes. Finally, the function and role of differentially expressed genes produced by JAT-treated SW480 cells in colorectal cancer will be further analyzed using the TCGA database. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that JAT exhibits inhibitory effects on SW480 cells at concentrations of 12.5µM, 25µM, 50µM, and 75µM without inducing cell apoptosis. Through high-throughput sequencing, we identified 244 differentially expressed genes. KEGG and GO analysis of high-throughput sequencing results showed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in MAPK, Wnt, and P53 signaling pathways. Notably, JAT significantly altered the expression of genes associated with ferroptosis. Subsequent RT-qPCR showed that the expression of ferroptosis genes SLC2A3 and ASNS was significantly lower in JAT-treated SW480 cells than in the control group. Analysis by TCGA data also showed that ferroptosis genes SLC2A3 and ASNS were significantly highly expressed in COAD. The prognosis of SLC2A3 was significantly worse in COAD compared to the normal group. SLC2A3 may be a core target of JAT for the treatment of COAD. CONCLUSIONS JAT can inhibit COAD growth by ferroptosis-related genes. And it is a potential natural substance for the treatment of COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Huang
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000 China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Ministry of Education of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541000 China
| | - Yu Sha
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000 China
| | - Wenken Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Ministry of Education of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541000 China
| | - Chune Mo
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000 China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000 China
| | - Yecheng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Ministry of Education of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541000 China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000 China
| | - Xianliang Hou
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000 China
| | - Minglin Ou
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000 China
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22
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Abu-Mahfouz A, Ali M, Elfiky A. Anti-breast cancer drugs targeting cell-surface glucose-regulated protein 78: a drug repositioning in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7794-7808. [PMID: 36129131 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2125076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is prevalent worldwide and is a leading cause of death among women. However, cell-surface glucose-regulated protein 78 (cs-GRP78) is overexpressed in several types of cancer and during pathogen infections. This study examines two well-known BC drugs approved by the FDA as BC treatments to GRP78. The first type consists of inhibitors of cyclin-based kinases 4/6, including abemaciclib, palbociclib, ribociclib, and dinaciclib. In addition, tunicamycin, and doxorubicin, which are among the most effective anticancer drugs for early and late-stage BC, are tested against GRP78. As (-)-epiGallocatechin gallate inhibits GRP78, it is also being evaluated (used as positive control). Thus, using molecular dynamics simulation approaches, this study aims to examine the advantages of targeting GRP78, which represents a promising cancer therapy regime. In light of recent advances in computational drug response prediction models, this study aimed to examine the benefits of GRP78 targeting, which represents a promising cancer therapy regime, by utilizing combined molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. The simulated protein (50 ns) was docked with the drugs, then a second round of dynamics simulation was performed for 100 ns. After that, the binding free energies were calculated from 30 to 100 ns for each complex during the simulation period. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of abemaciclib, ribociclib, and tunicamycin in binding to the nucleotide-binding domain of the GRP78, paving the way for elucidating the mode of interactions between these drugs and cancer (and other stressed) cells that overexpress GRP78.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abu-Mahfouz
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Ali
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdo Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Yang J, Kang H, Lyu L, Xiong W, Hu Y. A target map of clinical combination therapies in oncology: an analysis of clinicaltrials.gov. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:151. [PMID: 37603124 PMCID: PMC10441974 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination therapies have taken center stage for cancer treatment, however, there is a lack of a comprehensive portrait to quantitatively map the current clinical combination progress. This study aims to capture clinical combination therapies of the validated FDA-approved new oncology drugs by a macro data analysis and to summarize combination mechanisms and strategies in the context of the existing literature. A total of 72 new molecular entities or new therapeutic biological products for cancer treatment approved by the FDA from 2017 to 2021 were identified, and the data on their related 3334 trials were retrieved from the database of ClinicalTrials.gov. Moreover, these sampled clinical trials were refined by activity status and combination relevance and labeled with the relevant clinical arms and drug combinations, as well as drug targets and target pairs. Combination therapies are increasingly prevalent in clinical trials of new oncology drugs. From retrospective work, existing clinical combination therapies in oncology are driven by different patterns (i.e., rational design and industry trends). The former can be represented by mechanism-based or structure-based combinations, such as targeting different domains of HER2 protein or in-series co-targeting in RAF plus MEK inhibitors. The latter is an empirically driven strategy, including redundant combinations in hot targets, such as PD-1/PD-L1, PI3K, CDK4/6, and PARP. Because of an explosion in the number of clinical trials and the resultant shortage of available patients, it is essential to rationally design drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Heming Kang
- DPM, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 1049, E12, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Liyang Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
- DPM, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 1049, E12, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
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Liu H, Zhang F, Li Z. Expression and significance of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P27 in patients with non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:356. [PMID: 37324513 PMCID: PMC10265714 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva (NNEDV) are prevalent and refractory gynecological diseases. However, the underlying pathogenesis of these diseases remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and significance of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P27 (P27) in patients with NNEDV and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Normal vulvar skin samples from patients with perineum repair (control group, n=20) and skin samples from the vulvar lesions of patients with NNEDV (NNEDV group, n=36) were collected. Expression levels of cyclin D1, CDK4 and P27 were assessed in the samples using immunohistochemistry. The expression of each protein was evaluated based on the mean optical density (MOD). The MODs of cyclin D1 and CDK4 were significantly higher in samples of the three pathological types of NNEDV, namely squamous hyperplasia (SH), lichen sclerosus (LS) and mixed SH and LS lesions, compared with those of the control group. The MOD of P27 was lower in samples of the three pathological types of NNEDV than in the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant. No significant differences in the MOD of cyclin D1, CDK4 and P27 were detected among the three pathological types of NNEDV. The ratios of the MOD of cyclin D1 and CDK4 in the prickle cell layer to those in the basal cell layer were significantly higher in the NNEDV group than in the control group. However, the ratio of the MOD of P27 in the prickle cell layer to that in the basal cell layer exhibited no significant difference between the NNEDV and control groups. NNEDV has the potential for malignant transformation. The occurrence and development of NNEDV may be associated with the acceleration of cell proliferation, in which cyclin D1, CDK4 and P27 contribute to regulation of the cell cycle. Therefore, cyclin D1, CDK4 and P27 may be potential targets in the development of new clinical therapeutic drugs for patients with NNEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Zongheng Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Li W, Hu JK, Hu MG. CDK6: an attractive therapeutic target for T-ALL/LBL. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1087-1096. [PMID: 37975616 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2285775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) is a type of cancer that originates from the bone marrow and spreads quickly to other organs. Long-term survival rate with current available chemotherapy is less than 20%. Despite the potentially huge market, a truly effective and safe therapy for T-ALL/LBL is elusive. Thus, it is imperative to identify new therapeutic ways to target essential pathways in T-ALL that regulate the proliferation and survival of these cancer cells. AREAS COVERED The role of the Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) pathway in human T-ALL is of significant interest with major clinical/translational relevance. This review covers the recent advances in elucidating the essential roles of CDK6 and its closely regulated networks in proliferation, survival, and metabolism of T-ALL cells, with new insight into its mechanisms of action which hopefully could trigger the identification of new therapeutic avenues. EXPERT OPINION Animal models showed that inhibition of CDK6 and its related networks blocked initiation, growth, and survival of T-ALL in vivo. Numerous clinical trials of CDK4/6 inhibitors are ongoing in T-ALL. Specific CDK6 inhibitors alone or novel combination regimens may hopefully delay the progression, or even reverse the symptoms of T-ALL, leading to disease eradication and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Jamie Katy Hu
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Miaofen G Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA
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26
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Zhou MY, Bui NQ, Charville GW, Ganjoo KN, Pan M. Treatment of De-Differentiated Liposarcoma in the Era of Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119571. [PMID: 37298520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-differentiated/de-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS) is one of the most common histologic subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma (STS); however, treatment options remain limited. WDLPS and DDLPS both exhibit the characteristic amplification of chromosome region 12q13-15, which contains the genes CDK4 and MDM2. DDLPS exhibits higher amplification ratios of these two and carries additional genomic lesions, including the amplification of chromosome region 1p32 and chromosome region 6q23, which may explain the more aggressive biology of DDLPS. WDLPS does not respond to systemic chemotherapy and is primarily managed with local therapy, including multiple resections and debulking procedures whenever clinically feasible. In contrast, DDLPS can respond to chemotherapy drugs and drug combinations, including doxorubicin (or doxorubicin in combination with ifosfamide), gemcitabine (or gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel), trabectedin, eribulin, and pazopanib. However, the response rate is generally low, and the response duration is usually short. This review highlights the clinical trials with developmental therapeutics that have been completed or are ongoing, including CDK4/6 inhibitors, MDM2 inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review will also discuss the current landscape in assessing biomarkers for identifying tumors sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Y Zhou
- Sarcoma Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Nam Q Bui
- Sarcoma Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Gregory W Charville
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kristen N Ganjoo
- Sarcoma Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Minggui Pan
- Sarcoma Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
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Tong J, Tan X, Hao S, Ermine K, Lu X, Liu Z, Jha A, Yu J, Zhang L. Inhibition of multiple CDKs potentiates colon cancer chemotherapy via p73-mediated DR5 induction. Oncogene 2023; 42:869-880. [PMID: 36721000 PMCID: PMC10364554 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic approach against cancer. However, the anticancer mechanisms of different CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) are not well understood. Our recent study revealed that selective CDK4/6 inhibitors sensitize colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to therapy-induced apoptosis by inducing Death Receptor 5 (DR5) via the p53 family member p73. In this study, we investigated if this pathway is involved in anticancer effects of different CDKIs. We found that less-selective CDKIs, including flavopiridol, roscovitine, dinaciclib, and SNS-032, induced DR5 via p73-mediated transcriptional activation. The induction of DR5 by these CDKIs was mediated by dephosphorylation of p73 at Threonine 86 and p73 nuclear translocation. Knockdown of a common target of these CDKIs, including CDK1, 2, or 9, recapitulated p73-mediated DR5 induction. CDKIs strongly synergized with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the most commonly used CRC chemotherapy agent, in vitro and in vivo to promote growth suppression and apoptosis, which required DR5 and p73. Together, these findings indicate p73-mediated DR5 induction as a potential tumor suppressive mechanism and a critical target engaged by different CDKIs in potentiating therapy-induced apoptosis in CRC cells. These findings help better understand the anticancer mechanisms of CDKIs and may help facilitate their clinical development and applications in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Tong
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiao Tan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Suisui Hao
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kaylee Ermine
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xinyan Lu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zhaojin Liu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Anupma Jha
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Guo J, Mu D, Yu W, Sun L, Zhang J, Ren X, Han Y. [Study on the Biological Function of Abemecilib in Inhibiting the Proliferation, Invasion and
Migration of Small Cell Lung Cancer with High c-Myc Expression]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2023; 26:105-112. [PMID: 36872049 PMCID: PMC10033240 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2023.106.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with high c-Myc expression is prone to relapse and metastasis, leading to extremely low survival rate. Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor Abemaciclib plays a key role in the treatment of tumors, but the effects and mechanisms on SCLC remain unclear. This study was to analyze the effect and molecular mechanism of Abemaciclib in inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion of SCLC with high c-Myc expression, with a view to expanding a new direction for reducing the recurrence and metastasis. METHODS Proteins interacting with CDK4/6 were predicted using the STRING database. The expressions of CDK4/6 and c-Myc in 31 cases of SCLC cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The effects of Abemaciclib on the proliferation, invasion and migration of SCLC were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assay, Transwell and migration assay. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of CDK4/6 and related transcription factors. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the effects of Abemaciclib on the cell cycle and checkpoint of SCLC. RESULTS The expression of CDK4/6 was associated with c-Myc by STRING protein interaction network. c-Myc can directly modalize achaete-scute complex homolog 1 (ASCL1), neuronal differentiation 1 (NEUROD1) and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). Moreover, CDK4 and c-Myc regulate the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of CDK4/6 and c-Myc in cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues(P<0.0001). CCK-8, colony formation assay, Transwell and migration assay verified that Abemaciclib could effectively inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of SBC-2 and H446OE(P<0.0001). Western blot analysis further showed that Abemaciclib not only inhibited CDK4 (P<0.05) and CDK6 (P<0.05), but also affected c-Myc (P<0.05), ASCL1 (P<0.05), NEUROD1 (P<0.05) and YAP1 (P<0.05), which are related to SCLC invasion and metastasis. Flow cytometry showed that Abemaciclib not only inhibited the cell cycle progression of SCLC cells (P<0.0001), but also significantly increased PD-L1 expression on SBC-2 (P<0.01) and H446OE (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Abemaciclib significantly inhibits the proliferation, invasion, migration and cell cycle progression of SCLC by inhibiting the expressions of CDK4/6, c-Myc, ASCL1, YAP1 and NEUROD1. Abemaciclib can also increase the expression of PD-L1 in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Guo
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Di Mu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Leina Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
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Kositza J, Nguyen J, Hong T, Mantwill K, Nawroth R. Identification of the KIF and MCM protein families as novel targets for combination therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitors in bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:253.e11-253.e20. [PMID: 36813612 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors have proven their potency for the treatment of cancer but only in combination with hormone or targeted therapies. The aim of this study was the identification of molecules that are involved in response mechanisms to CDK4/6 inhibitors and the development of novel combination therapies with corresponding inhibitors in bladder cancer. Genes of response to therapy and genes that confer resistance to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib were identified by performing an analysis of published literature and own published data using a CRISPR-dCas9 genome wide gain of function screen. Genes that were down-regulated upon treatment were compared with genes that confer resistance when up-regulated. Two of the top 5 genes were validated by quantitative PCR and western blotting upon treatment with palbociclib in the bladder cancer cell lines T24, RT112 and UMUC3. As inhibitors for combination therapy, we used ciprofloxacin, paprotrain, ispinesib and SR31527. Analysis of synergy was done using the "zero interaction potency" model. Cell growth was examined using sulforhodamine B staining. A list of genes that met the requirements for inclusion in the study was generated from 7 publications. Of the 5 most relevant genes, MCM6 and KIFC1 were chosen and their down-regulation upon treatment with palbociclib was confirmed by qPCR and immunoblotting. The combination of inhibitors against both, KIFC1 and MCM6 with PD resulted in a synergistic inhibition of cell growth. We have identified 2 molecular targets whose inhibition has promising potential for effective combination therapies with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kositza
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Nguyen
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ting Hong
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Mantwill
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Javed A, Yarmohammadi M, Korkmaz KS, Rubio-Tomás T. The Regulation of Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in the Development of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032848. [PMID: 36769170 PMCID: PMC9917736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer predominantly occurs in adenocarcinoma form and is characterized by uncontrolled growth and metastases of gastric epithelial cells. The growth of gastric cells is regulated by the action of several major cell cycle regulators including Cyclins and Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which act sequentially to modulate the life cycle of a living cell. It has been reported that inadequate or over-activity of these molecules leads to disturbances in cell cycle dynamics, which consequently results in gastric cancer development. Manny studies have reported the key roles of Cyclins and CDKs in the development and progression of the disease in either in vitro cell culture studies or in vivo models. We aimed to compile the evidence of molecules acting as regulators of both Cyclins and CDKs, i.e., upstream regulators either activating or inhibiting Cyclins and CDKs. The review entails an introduction to gastric cancer, along with an overview of the involvement of cell cycle regulation and focused on the regulation of various Cyclins and CDKs in gastric cancer. It can act as an extensive resource for developing new hypotheses for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Javed
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (T.R.-T.)
| | - Mahdieh Yarmohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 33817-74895, Iran
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (T.R.-T.)
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Deregulated E2F Activity as a Cancer-Cell Specific Therapeutic Tool. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020393. [PMID: 36833320 PMCID: PMC9956157 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor E2F, the principal target of the tumor suppressor pRB, plays crucial roles in cell proliferation and tumor suppression. In almost all cancers, pRB function is disabled, and E2F activity is enhanced. To specifically target cancer cells, trials have been undertaken to suppress enhanced E2F activity to restrain cell proliferation or selectively kill cancer cells, utilizing enhanced E2F activity. However, these approaches may also impact normal growing cells, since growth stimulation also inactivates pRB and enhances E2F activity. E2F activated upon the loss of pRB control (deregulated E2F) activates tumor suppressor genes, which are not activated by E2F induced by growth stimulation, inducing cellular senescence or apoptosis to protect cells from tumorigenesis. Deregulated E2F activity is tolerated in cancer cells due to inactivation of the ARF-p53 pathway, thus representing a feature unique to cancer cells. Deregulated E2F activity, which activates tumor suppressor genes, is distinct from enhanced E2F activity, which activates growth-related genes, in that deregulated E2F activity does not depend on the heterodimeric partner DP. Indeed, the ARF promoter, which is specifically activated by deregulated E2F, showed higher cancer-cell specific activity, compared to the E2F1 promoter, which is also activated by E2F induced by growth stimulation. Thus, deregulated E2F activity is an attractive potential therapeutic tool to specifically target cancer cells.
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Konstantinopoulos PA, Lee EK, Xiong N, Krasner C, Campos S, Kolin DL, Liu JF, Horowitz N, Wright AA, Bouberhan S, Penson RT, Yeku O, Bowes B, Needham H, Hayes M, Sawyer H, Polak M, Shea M, Cheng SC, Castro C, Matulonis UA. A Phase II, Two-Stage Study of Letrozole and Abemaciclib in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Recurrent Endometrial Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:599-608. [PMID: 36174113 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive endometrial cancers (ECs) are characterized by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/RAS/β-catenin (CTNNB1) pathway alterations in approximately 90% and 80% of cases, respectively. Extensive cross-talk between ER, PI3K, and RTK/RAS/CTNNB1 pathways leads to both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent ER transcriptional activity as well as upregulation of cyclin D1 which, in complex with cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6), is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression and a key mediator of resistance to hormonal therapy. We hypothesized that the combination of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole and CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib would demonstrate promising activity in this setting. METHODS We conducted a phase II, two-stage study of letrozole/abemaciclib in recurrent ER-positive EC. Eligibility criteria included measurable disease, no limit on prior therapies, and all EC histologies; prior hormonal therapy was allowed. Primary end points were objective response rate by RECIST 1.1 and progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months. RESULTS At the data cutoff date (December 03, 2021), 30 patients (28 with endometrioid EC) initiated protocol therapy; 15 (50%) patients had prior hormonal therapy. There were nine total responses (eight confirmed), for an objective response rate of 30% (95% CI, 14.7 to 49.4), all in endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Median PFS was 9.1 months, PFS at 6 months was 55.6% (95% CI, 35.1 to 72), and median duration of response was 7.4 months. Most common ≥ grade 3 treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia (20%) and anemia (17%). Responses were observed regardless of grade, prior hormonal therapy, mismatch repair, and progesterone receptor status. Exploratory tumor profiling revealed several mechanistically relevant candidate predictors of response (CTNNB1, KRAS, and CDKN2A mutations) or absence of response (TP53 mutations), which require independent validation. CONCLUSION Letrozole/abemaciclib demonstrated encouraging and durable evidence of activity in recurrent ER positive endometrioid EC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niya Xiong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meghan Shea
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Mutational profiles of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas based upon human papillomavirus status in the Veterans Affairs National Precision Oncology Program. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:69-77. [PMID: 36117189 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) demonstrate favorable clinical outcomes compared to patients bearing HPV-negative HNSCC. We sought to characterize the association between HPV status and mutational profiles among patients served by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all Veterans with primary HNSCC tumors who underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) through the VHA's National Precision Oncology Program between July 2016 and February 2019. HPV status was determined by clinical pathology reports of p16 immunohistochemical staining; gene variant pathogenicity was classified using OncoKB, an online precision oncology knowledge database, and mutation frequencies were compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS A total of 79 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 48 (60.8%) had p16-positive tumors. Patients with p16-negative HNSCC were more likely to have mutations in TP53 (p < 0.0001), and a trend towards increased mutation frequency was observed within NOTCH1 (p = 0.032) and within the composite CDK/Rb pathway (p = 0.065). Mutations in KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, and FBXW7 were exclusively identified within p16-positive tumors, and a trend towards increased frequency was observed within the PI3K pathway (p = 0.051). No difference in overall mutational burden was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS In accordance with the previous studies, no clear molecular basis for improved prognosis among patients harboring HPV-positive disease has been elucidated. Though no targeted therapies are approved based upon HPV-status, current efforts to trial PI3K inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors across patients with HPV-positive disease bear genomic rationale based upon the current findings.
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Cheng D, Qiu K, Rao Y, Mao M, Li L, Wang Y, Song Y, Chen J, Yi X, Shao X, Huang SH, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wu S, Yu S, Liu J, Wang H, Peng X, Li D, Yang L, Chen L, Ying Z, Zheng Y, Zheng M, Ying B, Zeng X, Zhang W, Xu W, Liu G, Chen F, Yu H, Zhao Y, Ren J. Proliferative exhausted CD8 + T cells exacerbate long-lasting anti-tumor effects in human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. eLife 2023; 12:82705. [PMID: 36811599 PMCID: PMC9946444 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8+ T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. We performed cell-level multi-omics sequencing on human HNSCC samples to decipher the multi-dimensional characteristics of Tex cells. A proliferative exhausted CD8+ T cell cluster (P-Tex) which was beneficial to survival outcomes of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC was identified. Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. P-Tex cells could aggregate in the antigen-presenting cell niches and activate certain signaling pathways. Together, our findings suggest a promising role for P-Tex cells in the prognosis of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC by providing modest but persistent anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Cheng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ke Qiu
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yufang Rao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Minzi Mao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Junren Chen
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaowei Yi
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiuli Shao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shao Hui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Sisi Wu
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuaishuai Yu
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Daibo Li
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lin Yang
- MinSheng Ear-Nose-Throat HospitalChengduChina
| | - Li Chen
- MinSheng Ear-Nose-Throat HospitalChengduChina
| | - Zhiye Ying
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yongbo Zheng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Meijun Zheng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina,Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoxi Zeng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Dalla Lana School of Public HealthTorontoCanada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haopeng Yu
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jianjun Ren
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Wang K, Yang R, Chen TT, Qin MR, Wang P, Kong MW. Therapeutic Mechanism of Kai Xin San on Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 29:413-423. [PMID: 36474082 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the specific pharmacological molecular mechanisms of Kai Xin San (KXS) on treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. METHODS The chemical compounds of KXS and their corresponding targets were screened using the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM) database. AD-related target proteins were obtained from MalaCards database and DisGeNET databases. Key compounds and targets were identified from the compound-target-disease network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Functional enrichment analysis predicted the potential key signaling pathways involved in the treatment of AD with KXS. The binding affinities between key ingredients and targets were further verified using molecular docking. Finally, the predicted key signaling pathway was validated experimentally. Positioning navigation and space search experiments were conducted to evaluate the cognitive improvement effect of KXS on AD rats. Western blot was used to further examine and investigate the expression of the key target proteins related to the predicted pathway. RESULTS In total, 38 active compounds and 469 corresponding targets of KXS were screened, and 264 target proteins associated with AD were identified. The compound-target-disease and PPI networks identified key active ingredients and protein targets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis suggested a potential effect of KXS in the treatment of AD via the amyloid beta (A β)-glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3 β)-Tau pathway. Molecular docking revealed a high binding affinity between the key ingredients and targets. In vivo, KXS treatment significantly improved cognitive deficits in AD rats induced by Aβ1-42, decreased the levels of Aβ, p-GSK3β, p-Tau and cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and increased the expressions of protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1A) and PP2A (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION KXS exerted neuroprotective effects by regulating the Aβ -GSK3β-Tau signaling pathway, which provides novel insights into the therapeutic mechanism of KXS and a feasible pharmacological strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Sun TY, Zhao L, Hummelen PV, Martin B, Hornbacker K, Lee H, Xia LC, Padda SK, Ji HP, Kunz P. Exploratory genomic analysis of high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms across diverse primary sites. Endocr Relat Cancer 2022; 29:665-679. [PMID: 36165930 PMCID: PMC10043760 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High-grade (grade 3) neuroendocrine neoplasms (G3 NENs) have poor survival outcomes. From a clinical standpoint, G3 NENs are usually grouped regardless of primary site and treated similarly. Little is known regarding the underlying genomics of these rare tumors, especially when compared across different primary sites. We performed whole transcriptome (n = 46), whole exome (n = 40), and gene copy number (n = 43) sequencing on G3 NEN formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from diverse organs (in total, 17 were lung, 16 were gastroenteropancreatic, and 13 other). G3 NENs despite arising from diverse primary sites did not have gene expression profiles that were easily segregated by organ of origin. Across all G3 NENs, TP53, APC, RB1, and CDKN2A were significantly mutated. The CDK4/6 cell cycling pathway was mutated in 95% of cases, with upregulation of oncogenes within this pathway. G3 NENs had high tumor mutation burden (mean 7.09 mutations/MB), with 20% having >10 mutations/MB. Two somatic copy number alterations were significantly associated with worse prognosis across tissue types: focal deletion 22q13.31 (HR, 7.82; P = 0.034) and arm amplification 19q (HR, 4.82; P = 0.032). This study is among the most diverse genomic study of high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms. We uncovered genomic features previously unrecognized for this rapidly fatal and rare cancer type that could have potential prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Yang Sun
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lan Zhao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Paul Van Hummelen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Brock Martin
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA
| | | | - HoJoon Lee
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Li C. Xia
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Bronx, NY
| | - Sukhmani K. Padda
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hanlee P. Ji
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Pamela Kunz
- Yale School of Medicine, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
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Traweek RS, Cope BM, Roland CL, Keung EZ, Nassif EF, Erstad DJ. Targeting the MDM2-p53 pathway in dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1006959. [PMID: 36439412 PMCID: PMC9684653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1006959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is an aggressive adipogenic cancer with poor prognosis. DDLPS tumors are only modestly sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation, and there is a need for more effective therapies. Genetically, DDLPS is characterized by a low tumor mutational burden and frequent chromosomal structural abnormalities including amplification of the 12q13-15 chromosomal region and the MDM2 gene, which are defining features of DDLPS. The MDM2 protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the tumor suppressor, p53, for proteasomal degradation. MDM2 amplification or overexpression in human malignancies is associated with cell-cycle progression and worse prognosis. The MDM2-p53 interaction has thus garnered interest as a therapeutic target for DDLPS and other malignancies. MDM2 binds p53 via a hydrophobic protein interaction that is easily accessible with synthetic analogues. Multiple agents have been developed, including Nutlins such as RG7112 and small molecular inhibitors including SAR405838 and HDM201. Preclinical in vitro and animal models have shown promising results with MDM2 inhibition, resulting in robust p53 reactivation and cancer cell death. However, multiple early-phase clinical trials have failed to show a benefit with MDM2 pathway inhibition for DDLPS. Mechanisms of resistance are being elucidated, and novel inhibitors and combination therapies are currently under investigation. This review provides an overview of these strategies for targeting MDM2 in DDLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S. Traweek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brandon M. Cope
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christina L. Roland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Emily Z. Keung
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elise F. Nassif
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Derek J. Erstad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Abdelmalak M, Singh R, Anwer M, Ivanchenko P, Randhawa A, Ahmed M, Ashton AW, Du Y, Jiao X, Pestell R. The Renaissance of CDK Inhibitors in Breast Cancer Therapy: An Update on Clinical Trials and Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215388. [PMID: 36358806 PMCID: PMC9655989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (palbociclib (Ibrance), ribociclib (Kisqali), and abemaciclib (Verzenio)), targeting aberrant cell-cycle activity have been evaluated extensively in clinical trials. Significant delays in progression free survival and overall survival are now documented with each agent in estrogen receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor two negative advanced breast cancer including luminal B breast cancer. Therapy resistance, driven by chromosomal instability, results in genomic rearrangements, activation of cell-cycle components (cyclin E/cdk2 in Rb− tumors, cyclin D1 in growth factor activated pathways), and the immune response. Molecular analysis of therapy resistant tumors may provide the rational basis for new therapies (brivanib, CYC065, WEE1 kinase and other inhibitors). Luminal B breast cancer is enriched for cyclin D1 overexpression and the chromosomal instability gene signature. The molecular mechanisms governing chromosomal instability in luminal B breast cancer remain poorly understood. Co-targeting of chromosomal instability may potentially reduce the prevalent escape mechanisms that reduce the effectiveness of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) govern cell-cycle checkpoint transitions necessary for cancer cell proliferation. Recent developments have illustrated nuanced important differences between mono CDK inhibitor (CDKI) treatment and the combination therapies of breast cancers. The CDKIs that are currently FDA-approved for breast cancer therapy are oral agents that selectively inhibit CDK4 and CDK6, include palbociclib (Ibrance), ribociclib (Kisqali), and abemaciclib (Verzenio). CDKI therapy is effective in hormone receptor positive (HR+), and human epidermal growth factor receptor two negative (HER2−) advanced breast cancers (ABC) malignancies, but remains susceptible due to estrogen and progesterone receptor overexpression. Adding a CDK4/6I to endocrine therapy increases efficacy and delays disease progression. Given the side effects of CDKI, identifying potential new treatments to enhance CDKI effectiveness is essential. Recent long-term studies with Palbociclib, including the PALLAS and PENELOPE B, which failed to meet their primary endpoints of influencing progression-free survival, suggest a deeper mechanistic understanding of cyclin/CDK functions is required. The impact of CDKI on the anti-tumor immune response represents an area of great promise. CDKI therapy resistance that arises provides the opportunity for specific types of new therapies currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Abdelmalak
- Xavier University School of Medicine, #23, Santa Helenastraat, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Rajanbir Singh
- Xavier University School of Medicine, #23, Santa Helenastraat, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Mohammed Anwer
- Xavier University School of Medicine, #23, Santa Helenastraat, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Pavel Ivanchenko
- Xavier University School of Medicine, #23, Santa Helenastraat, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Amritdeep Randhawa
- Xavier University School of Medicine, #23, Santa Helenastraat, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Myra Ahmed
- Xavier University School of Medicine, #23, Santa Helenastraat, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Anthony W. Ashton
- Xavier University School of Medicine, #23, Santa Helenastraat, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research Philadelphia, 100 East Lancaster Ave., Wynnewood, PA 19069, USA
| | - Yanming Du
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
- Xavier University School of Medicine, #23, Santa Helenastraat, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (R.P.)
| | - Richard Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
- Xavier University School of Medicine, #23, Santa Helenastraat, Oranjestad, Aruba
- The Wistar Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (R.P.)
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Kanu GA, Parambath JBM, Abu Odeh RO, Mohamed AA. Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated Gene Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5366. [PMID: 36358785 PMCID: PMC9653658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained increasing attention as novel drug-delivery nanostructures for the treatment of cancers, infections, inflammations, and other diseases and disorders. They are versatile in design, synthesis, modification, and functionalization. This has many advantages in terms of gene editing and gene silencing, and their application in genetic illnesses. The development of several techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9, TALEN, and ZFNs has raised hopes for the treatment of genetic abnormalities, although more focused experimentation is still needed. AuNPs, however, have been much more effective in trending research on this subject. In this review, we highlight recently well-developed advancements that are relevant to cutting-edge gene therapies, namely gene editing and gene silencing in diseases caused by a single gene in humans by taking an edge of the unique properties of the AuNPs, which will be an important outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri A. Kanu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javad B. M. Parambath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raed O. Abu Odeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed A. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Patnaik A, Hamilton E, Xing Y, Rasco DW, Smith L, Lee YL, Fang S, Wei J, Hui AM. A Phase I Dose-Escalation and Dose-Expansion Study of FCN-437c, a Novel CDK4/6 Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4996. [PMID: 36291780 PMCID: PMC9599640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and maximum-tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of FCN-437c, a novel, orally available cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDK4/6i), in participants with advanced/metastatic solid tumors (aSTs). FCN-437c was escalated from 50 mg (once daily [QD] on days 1-21 of 28-day cycles) to the MTD/RP2D. In the dose-expansion phase, patients with CDK4/6i-treated breast cancer, or KRAS-mutant (KRASmut) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) received the MTD. Twenty-two patients were enrolled. The most common tumors in the dose-escalation phase (n = 15) were breast, colorectal, and lung (each n = 4 [27.3%]). The dose-expansion phase included five (71.4%) patients with breast cancer and two (28.6%) with KRASmut NSCLC. Twenty (90.9%) participants experienced FCN-437c-related adverse events. Dose-limiting toxicities occurred in two (33.3%) participants (200-mg dose, dose-escalation phase): grade 3 neutropenia and grade 4 neutrophil count decreased. Due to toxicities reported at 150 mg QD, the MTD was de-escalated to 100 mg QD. One (4.5%) participant (KRASmut NSCLC, 100-mg dose) achieved a partial response lasting 724+ days, and five (22.7%) had stable disease lasting 56+ days. In conclusion, FCN-437c was well tolerated with encouraging signs of antitumor activity and disease control. Further exploration of FCN-437c in aSTs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Patnaik
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Erika Hamilton
- Breast and Gynecologic Research Program, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology PLLC, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Drew W. Rasco
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lon Smith
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ya-Li Lee
- Fosun Pharma USA Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Steven Fang
- Fosun Pharma USA Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Jiao Wei
- Fosun Pharma USA Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Ai-Min Hui
- Fosun Pharma USA Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
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41
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Palbociclib Enhances Migration and Invasion of Cancer Cells via Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype-Related CCL5 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2260625. [PMID: 37181790 PMCID: PMC10175017 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2260625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Palbociclib is the first CDK4/6 inhibitor approved by FDA and has been studied in many types of cancer. However, some studies showed that it could induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. To test the effect of palbociclib on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, we treated NSCLC cells with different concentrations of palbociclib and detected its effects via MTT, migration and invasion assays, and apoptosis test. Further RNA sequencing was performed in the cells treated with 2 μM palbociclib or control. And Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) were analyzed to explore the mechanism of palbociclib. The results showed that palbociclib significantly inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells and promoted apoptosis of cells, however, enhanced the migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells. RNA sequencing showed that cell cycle, inflammation-/immunity-related signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and cell senescence pathways were involved in the process, and CCL5 was one of the significantly differential genes affected by palbociclib. Further experiments showed that blocking CCL5-related pathways could reverse the malignant phenotype induced by palbociclib. Our results revealed that palbociclib-induced invasion and migration might be due to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) rather than EMT and suggested that SASP could act as a potential target to potentiate the antitumor effects of palbociclib in cancer treatment.
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He H, Liu Q, Chen L, Wang J, Yuan Y, Li H, Qian X, Zhao Z, Chen Z. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pteridine-7(8H)-one derivatives as potent and selective CDK4/6 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:128991. [PMID: 36130661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases play an important role in the regulation of cell cycle and transcription. Selective CDK4/6 inhibitors have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of cancer. In this article, we described the design and synthesis of a series of pteridine-7(8H)-one derivatives as dual CDK4/6 inhibitors. Among them, the most promising compound L2 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against CDK4 and CDK6 with IC50 values of 16.7 nM and 30.5 nM respectively and showed excellent selectivity to CDK1/2/7/9. Moreover, compound L2 displayed potent antiproliferative activities at low digital micromolar range via inducing apoptosis in breast and colon cancer cells. In all, we developed a new series of pteridine-7(8H)-one derivatives which exhibited promising antitumor activities as selective CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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43
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Tatum JL, Kalen JD, Jacobs PM, Riffle LA, James A, Thang L, Sanders C, Hollingshead MG, Basuli F, Shi J, Doroshow JH. 3'-[ 18F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine ([ 18F]FLT) Positron Emission Tomography as an In Vivo Biomarker of inhibition of CDK 4/6-Rb pathway by Palbociclib in a patient derived bladder tumor. J Transl Med 2022; 20:375. [PMID: 35982453 PMCID: PMC9389794 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several new generation CDK4/6 inhibitors have been developed and approved for breast cancer therapy in combination with endocrine therapeutics. Application of these inhibitors either alone or in combination in other solid tumors has been proposed, but no imaging biomarkers of response have been reported in non-breast cancer animal models. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 3'-[18F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine ([18F]FLT) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) as in vivo biomarker of response to palbociclib in a non-breast cancer model. Methods Twenty-four NSG mice bearing patient derived xenografts (PDX) of a well-characterized bladder tumor were randomized into 4 treatment groups: vehicle (n = 6); palbociclib (n = 6); temozolomide (n = 6); and palbociclib plus temozolomide (n = 6) and treated with two cycles of therapy or vehicle. Tumor uptake of [18F]FLT was determined by micro-PET/CT at baseline, 3 days, and 9 days post initiation of therapy. Following the second cycle of therapy, the mice were maintained until their tumors reached a size requiring humane termination. Results [18F]FLT uptake decreased significantly in the palbociclib and combination arms (p = 0.0423 and 0.0106 respectively at day 3 and 0.0012 and 0.0031 at day 9) with stable tumor volume. In the temozolomide arm [18F]FLT uptake increased with day 9 uptake significantly different than baseline (p = 0.0418) and progressive tumor growth was observed during the treatment phase. All groups exhibited progressive disease after day 22, 10 days following cessation of therapy. Conclusion Significant decreases in [18F]FLT uptake as early as three days post initiation of therapy with palbociclib, alone or in combination with temozolomide, in this bladder cancer model correlates with an absence of tumor growth during therapy that persists until day 18 for the palbociclib group and day 22 for the combination group (6 days and 10 days) following cessation of therapy. These results support early modulation of [18F]FLT as an in vivo biomarker predictive of palbociclib therapy response in a non-breast cancer model. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03580-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Tatum
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph D Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Paula M Jacobs
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Lisa A Riffle
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Amy James
- Animal Research Technical Support, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lai Thang
- Animal Research Technical Support, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Chelsea Sanders
- Animal Research Technical Support, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Melinda G Hollingshead
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Koch J, Schober SJ, Hindupur SV, Schöning C, Klein FG, Mantwill K, Ehrenfeld M, Schillinger U, Hohnecker T, Qi P, Steiger K, Aichler M, Gschwend JE, Nawroth R, Holm PS. Targeting the Retinoblastoma/E2F repressive complex by CDK4/6 inhibitors amplifies oncolytic potency of an oncolytic adenovirus. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4689. [PMID: 35948546 PMCID: PMC9365808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and oncolytic viruses are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of various cancers. As single agents, CDK4/6 inhibitors that are approved for the treatment of breast cancer in combination with endocrine therapy cause G1 cell cycle arrest, whereas adenoviruses induce progression into S-phase in infected cells as an integral part of the their life cycle. Both CDK4/6 inhibitors and adenovirus replication target the Retinoblastoma protein albeit for different purposes. Here we show that in combination CDK4/6 inhibitors potentiate the anti-tumor effect of the oncolytic adenovirus XVir-N-31 in bladder cancer and murine Ewing sarcoma xenograft models. This increase in oncolytic potency correlates with an increase in virus-producing cancer cells, enhanced viral genome replication, particle formation and consequently cancer cell killing. The molecular mechanism that regulates this response is fundamentally based on the reduction of Retinoblastoma protein expression levels by CDK4/6 inhibitors. Neither CDK4/6 inhibitors nor oncolytic adenoviruses show high efficiency as monotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Authors show here that when combined, CDK4/6 inhibitors deplete Retinoblastoma protein levels, which leads to more efficient virus replication and an increase in oncolytic virus-producing cancer cells and thus to efficient anti-tumor response in mouse xenograft sarcoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Koch
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Schober
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Sruthi V Hindupur
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Schöning
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian G Klein
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Mantwill
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ehrenfeld
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schillinger
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timmy Hohnecker
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pan Qi
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Katja Steiger
- Department of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen E Gschwend
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Per Sonne Holm
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Wander SA, O’Brien N, Litchfield LM, O’Dea D, Morato Guimaraes C, Slamon DJ, Goel S. Targeting CDK4 and 6 in Cancer Therapy: Emerging Preclinical Insights Related to Abemaciclib. Oncologist 2022; 27:811-821. [PMID: 35917168 PMCID: PMC9526495 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and 6) are approved for the treatment of subsets of patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC). In metastatic disease, strategies involving endocrine therapy combined with CDK4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4 and 6i) improve clinical outcomes in HR+ BCs. CDK4 and 6i prevent retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein phosphorylation, thereby blocking the transcription of E2F target genes, which in turn inhibits both mitogen and estrogen-mediated cell proliferation. In this review, we summarize preclinical data pertaining to the use of CDK4 and 6i in BC, with a particular focus on several of the unique chemical, pharmacologic, and mechanistic properties of abemaciclib. As research efforts elucidate the novel mechanisms underlying abemaciclib activity, potential new applications are being identified. For example, preclinical studies have demonstrated abemaciclib can exert antitumor activity against multiple tumor types and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Abemaciclib has also demonstrated distinct activity as a monotherapeutic in the treatment of BC. Accordingly, we also discuss how a greater understanding of mechanisms related to CDK4 and 6 blockade highlight abemaciclib's unique in-class properties, and could pave new avenues for enhancing its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Wander
- Seth Wander, MD, PhD, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Neil O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dennis J Slamon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shom Goel
- Corresponding author: Shom Goel, B Med Sci (Hons), MBBS (Hons), FRACP, PhD, Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3000 Australia. Tel: +61 3 8559 8777; Fax: +61 3 8559 5039;
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Lin CY, Yu CJ, Liu CY, Chao TC, Huang CC, Tseng LM, Lai JI. CDK4/6 inhibitors downregulate the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBE2C/S/T involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in ER + breast cancer. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 24:2120-2135. [PMID: 35917055 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvement in therapeutic development in the past decades, breast cancer remains a formidable cause of death for women worldwide. The hormone positive subtype (HR( +)) (also known as luminal type) is the most prevalent category of breast cancer, comprising ~ 70% of patients. The clinical success of the three CDK4/6 inhibitors palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib has revolutionized the treatment of choice for metastatic HR( +) breast cancer. Accumulating evidence demonstrate that the properties of CDK4/6 inhibitors extend beyond inhibition of the cell cycle, including modulation of immune function, sensitizing PI3K inhibitors, metabolism reprogramming, kinome rewiring, modulation of the proteasome, and many others. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is a crucial cellular proteolytic system that maintains the homeostasis and turnover of proteins. By transcriptional profiling of the HR( +) breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D treated with Palbociclib, we have uncovered a novel mechanism that demonstrates that the CDK4/6 inhibitors suppress the expression of three ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBE2C, UBE2S, UBE2T. Further validation in the HR( +) cell lines show that Palbociclib and ribociclib decrease UBE2C at both the mRNA and protein level, but this phenomenon was not shared with abemaciclib. These three E2 enzymes modulate several E3 ubiquitin ligases, including the APC/C complex which plays a role in G1/S progression. We further demonstrate that the UBE2C/UBE2T expression levels are associated with breast cancer survival, and HR( +) breast cancer cells demonstrate dependence on the UBE2C. Our study suggests a novel link between CDK4/6 inhibitor and UPP pathway, adding to the potential mechanisms of their clinical efficacy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yi Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jen Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-I Lai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center of Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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47
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Beykou M, Arias-Garcia M, Roumeliotis TI, Choudhary JS, Moser N, Georgiou P, Bakal C. Proteomic characterisation of triple negative breast cancer cells following CDK4/6 inhibition. Sci Data 2022; 9:395. [PMID: 35817775 PMCID: PMC9273754 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
When used in combination with hormone treatment, Palbociclib prolongs progression-free survival of patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Mechanistically, Palbociclib inhibits CDK4/6 activity but the basis for differing sensitivity of cancer to Palbociclib is poorly understood. A common observation in a subset of Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBCs) is that prolonged CDK4/6 inhibition can engage a senescence-like state where cells exit the cell cycle, whilst, remaining metabolically active. To better understand the senescence-like cell state which arises after Palbociclib treatment we used mass spectrometry to quantify the proteome, phosphoproteome, and secretome of Palbociclib-treated MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. We observed altered levels of cell cycle regulators, immune response, and key senescence markers upon Palbociclib treatment. These datasets provide a starting point for the derivation of biomarkers which could inform the future use CDK4/6 inhibitors in TNBC subtypes and guide the development of potential combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Beykou
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Circuits and Systems Group, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, Dynamical Cell Systems, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Mar Arias-Garcia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, Dynamical Cell Systems, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Theodoros I Roumeliotis
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, Functional Proteomics, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, Functional Proteomics, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nicolas Moser
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Circuits and Systems Group, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Pantelis Georgiou
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Circuits and Systems Group, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Chris Bakal
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, Dynamical Cell Systems, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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48
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Target actionability review to evaluate CDK4/6 as a therapeutic target in paediatric solid and brain tumours. Eur J Cancer 2022; 170:196-208. [PMID: 35671543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood cancer is still a leading cause of death around the world. To improve outcomes, there is an urgent need for tailored treatment. The systematic evaluation of existing preclinical data can provide an overview of what is known and identify gaps in the current knowledge. Here, we applied the target actionability review (TAR) methodology to assess the strength and weaknesses of available scientific literature on CDK4/6 as a therapeutic target in paediatric solid and brain tumours by structured critical appraisal. METHODS Using relevant search terms in PubMed, a list of original publications investigating CDK4/6 in paediatric solid tumour types was identified based on relevancy criteria. Each publication was annotated for the tumour type and categorised into separate proof-of-concept (PoC) data modules. Based on rubrics, quality and experimental outcomes were scored independently by two reviewers. A third reviewer evaluated and adjudicated score discrepancies. Scores for each PoC module were averaged for each tumour type and visualised in a heatmap matrix in the publicly available R2 data portal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS This CDK4/6 TAR, generated by analysis of 151 data entries from 71 publications, showed frequent genomic aberrations of CDK4/6 in rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, high-grade glioma, medulloblastoma, and neuroblastoma. However, a clear correlation between CDK4/6 aberrations and compound efficacy is not coming forth from the literature. Our analysis indicates that several paediatric indications would need (further) preclinical evaluation to allow for better recommendations, especially regarding the dependence of tumours on CDK4/6, predictive biomarkers, resistance mechanisms, and combination strategies. Nevertheless, our TAR heatmap provides support for the relevance of CDK4/6 inhibition in Ewing sarcoma, medulloblastoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour and to a lesser extent neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, rhabdoid tumour and high-grade glioma. The interactive heatmap is accessible through R2 [r2platform.com/TAR/CDK4_6].
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49
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Koirala N, Dey N, Aske J, De P. Targeting Cell Cycle Progression in HER2+ Breast Cancer: An Emerging Treatment Opportunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6547. [PMID: 35742993 PMCID: PMC9224522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of HER2-targeted therapies has dramatically improved patient survival and patient management and increased the quality of life in the HER2+ breast cancer patient population. Due to the activation of compensatory pathways, patients eventually suffer from resistance to HER2-directed therapies and develop a more aggressive disease phenotype. One of these mechanisms is the crosstalk between ER and HER2 signaling, especially the CDK4/6-Cyclin D-Rb signaling axis that is commonly active and has received attention for its potential role in regulating tumor progression. CDK 4/6 inhibitors interfere with the binding of cell-cycle-dependent kinases (CDKs) with their cognate partner cyclins, and forestall the progression of the cell cycle by preventing Rb phosphorylation and E2F release that consequentially leads to cancer cell senescence. CDK 4/6 inhibitors, namely, palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, in combination with anti-estrogen therapies, have shown impressive outcomes in hormonal receptor-positive (HR+) disease and have received approval for this disease context. As an extension of this concept, preclinical/clinical studies incorporating CDK 4/6 inhibitors with HER2-targeted drugs have been evaluated and have shown potency in limiting tumor progression, restoring therapeutic sensitivity, and may improving the management of the disease. Currently, several clinical trials are examining the synergistic effects of CDK 4/6 inhibitors with optimized HER2-directed therapies for the (ER+/-) HER2+ population in the metastatic setting. In this review, we aim to interrogate the burden of HER2+ disease in light of recent treatment progress in the field and examine the clinical benefit of CDK 4/6 inhibitors as a replacement for traditional chemotherapy to improve outcomes in HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pradip De
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA; (N.K.); (N.D.); (J.A.)
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50
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Víctor GG, Nerea M, Beatriz RC, Paula VS, Bárbara OF, Pilar GG, Alicia PS, Jordi M, Berta G, Isabel MR, Sonsoles SRP, Pablo EM, Adrián IN, Antonio PM, Adela EL. Advanced Molecular Characterisation in Relapsed and Refractory Paediatric Acute Leukaemia, the Key for Personalised Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:881. [PMID: 35743666 PMCID: PMC9224967 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapsed and refractory (R/r) disease in paediatric acute leukaemia remains the first reason for treatment failure. Advances in molecular characterisation can ameliorate the identification of genetic biomarkers treatment strategies for this disease, especially in high-risk patients. The purpose of this study was to analyse a cohort of R/r children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or myeloid (AML) leukaemia in order to offer them a targeted treatment if available. Advanced molecular characterisation of 26 patients diagnosed with R/r disease was performed using NGS, MLPA, and RT-qPCR. The clinical relevance of the identified alterations was discussed in a multidisciplinary molecular tumour board (MTB). A total of 18 (69.2%) patients were diagnosed with B-ALL, 4 (15.4%) with T-ALL, 3 (11.5%) with AML and 1 patient (3.8%) with a mixed-phenotype acute leukaemia (MPL). Most of the patients had relapsed disease (88%) at the time of sample collection. A total of 17 patients (65.4%) were found to be carriers of a druggable molecular alteration, 8 of whom (47%) received targeted therapy, 7 (87.5%) of them in addition to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Treatment response and disease control were achieved in 4 patients (50%). In conclusion, advanced molecular characterisation and MTB can improve treatment and outcome in paediatric R/r acute leukaemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galán-Gómez Víctor
- Paediatric Haemato-Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (G.-G.V.); (O.-F.B.); (G.-G.P.); (G.B.); (M.-R.I.); (S.R.-P.S.); (P.-M.A.)
- Genetics Department (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.N.); (R.-C.B.); (P.-S.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Matamala Nerea
- Genetics Department (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.N.); (R.-C.B.); (P.-S.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Ruz-Caracuel Beatriz
- Genetics Department (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.N.); (R.-C.B.); (P.-S.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Valle-Simón Paula
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ochoa-Fernández Bárbara
- Paediatric Haemato-Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (G.-G.V.); (O.-F.B.); (G.-G.P.); (G.B.); (M.-R.I.); (S.R.-P.S.); (P.-M.A.)
| | - Guerra-García Pilar
- Paediatric Haemato-Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (G.-G.V.); (O.-F.B.); (G.-G.P.); (G.B.); (M.-R.I.); (S.R.-P.S.); (P.-M.A.)
| | - Pernas-Sánchez Alicia
- Genetics Department (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.N.); (R.-C.B.); (P.-S.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Minguillón Jordi
- Genetics Department (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.N.); (R.-C.B.); (P.-S.A.); (M.J.)
| | - González Berta
- Paediatric Haemato-Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (G.-G.V.); (O.-F.B.); (G.-G.P.); (G.B.); (M.-R.I.); (S.R.-P.S.); (P.-M.A.)
| | - Martínez-Romera Isabel
- Paediatric Haemato-Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (G.-G.V.); (O.-F.B.); (G.-G.P.); (G.B.); (M.-R.I.); (S.R.-P.S.); (P.-M.A.)
| | - San Román-Pacheco Sonsoles
- Paediatric Haemato-Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (G.-G.V.); (O.-F.B.); (G.-G.P.); (G.B.); (M.-R.I.); (S.R.-P.S.); (P.-M.A.)
| | - Estival-Monteliú Pablo
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.-M.P.); (I.-N.A.)
| | - Ibáñez-Navarro Adrián
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.-M.P.); (I.-N.A.)
| | - Pérez-Martínez Antonio
- Paediatric Haemato-Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (G.-G.V.); (O.-F.B.); (G.-G.P.); (G.B.); (M.-R.I.); (S.R.-P.S.); (P.-M.A.)
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.-M.P.); (I.-N.A.)
| | - Escudero-López Adela
- Genetics Department (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.N.); (R.-C.B.); (P.-S.A.); (M.J.)
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