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Wang Y, Chen R, Zhang J, Zeng P. A comprehensive analysis of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 for carcinogenesis in pan-cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299949. [PMID: 38635758 PMCID: PMC11025932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is evidence that ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) is associated with numerous cancers, pan-cancer analysis has seldom been conducted. This study aimed to explore the potential carcinogenesis of RRM2 in pan-cancer using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). METHODS Data from the UCSC Xena database were analyzed to investigate the differential expression of RRM2 across multiple cancer types. Clinical data such as age, race, sex, tumor stage, and status were acquired to analyze the influence of RRM2 on the clinical characteristics of the patients. The role of RRM2 in the onset and progression of multiple cancers has been examined in terms of genetic changes at the molecular level, including tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), biological pathway changes, and the immune microenvironment. RESULTS RRM2 was highly expressed in most cancers, and there was an obvious correlation between RRM2 expression and patient prognosis. RRM2 expression is associated with the infiltration of diverse immune and endothelial cells, immune checkpoints, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI). Moreover, the cell cycle is involved in the functional mechanisms of RRM2. CONCLUSIONS Our pan-cancer study provides a comprehensive understanding of the carcinogenesis of RRM2 in various tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Zuo Z, Zhou Z, Chang Y, Liu Y, Shen Y, Li Q, Zhang L. Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2): Regulation, function and targeting strategy in human cancer. Genes Dis 2024; 11:218-233. [PMID: 37588202 PMCID: PMC10425756 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) is a small subunit in ribonucleotide reductases, which participate in nucleotide metabolism and catalyze the conversion of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides, maintaining the dNTP pools for DNA biosynthesis, repair, and replication. RRM2 performs a critical role in the malignant biological behaviors of cancers. The structure, regulation, and function of RRM2 and its inhibitors were discussed. RRM2 gene can produce two transcripts encoding the same ORF. RRM2 expression is regulated at multiple levels during the processes from transcription to translation. Moreover, this gene is associated with resistance, regulated cell death, and tumor immunity. In order to develop and design inhibitors of RRM2, appropriate strategies can be adopted based on different mechanisms. Thus, a greater appreciation of the characteristics of RRM2 is a benefit for understanding tumorigenesis, resistance in cancer, and tumor microenvironment. Moreover, RRM2-targeted therapy will be more attention in future therapeutic approaches for enhancement of treatment effects and amelioration of the dismal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanwen Zuo
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Zerong Zhou
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuping Shen
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, China
| | - Qizhang Li
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Feng H, Li H, Chen M, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Zhang W, Zhang T. Editorial: New insights into molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy for gastrointestinal tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1289530. [PMID: 37842088 PMCID: PMC10569337 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1289530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haosheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - YiMing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chu YD, Lai MW, Yeh CT. Unlocking the Potential of Arginine Deprivation Therapy: Recent Breakthroughs and Promising Future for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10668. [PMID: 37445845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that supports protein synthesis to maintain cellular functions. Recent studies suggest that arginine also promotes wound healing, cell division, ammonia metabolism, immune system regulation, and hormone biosynthesis-all of which are critical for tumor growth. These discoveries, coupled with the understanding of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, have led to renewed interest in arginine deprivation as a new anticancer therapy. Several arginine deprivation strategies have been developed and entered clinical trials. The main principle behind these therapies is that arginine auxotrophic tumors rely on external arginine sources for growth because they carry reduced key arginine-synthesizing enzymes such as argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) in the intracellular arginine cycle. To obtain anticancer effects, modified arginine-degrading enzymes, such as PEGylated recombinant human arginase 1 (rhArg1-PEG) and arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20), have been developed and shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials. They have been tried as a monotherapy or in combination with other existing therapies. This review discusses recent advances in arginine deprivation therapy, including the molecular basis of extracellular arginine degradation leading to tumor cell death, and how this approach could be a valuable addition to the current anticancer arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-De Chu
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lai
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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The addition of arginine deiminase potentiates Mithramycin A-induced cell death in patient-derived glioblastoma cells via ATF4 and cytochrome C. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:38. [PMID: 36843002 PMCID: PMC9969664 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine auxotrophy constitutes a shortcoming for ~ 30% of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Indeed, arginine-depleting therapy using arginine deiminase from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpyADI) has proven activity against GBM in preclinical studies. The good safety profile of SpyADI renders this agent an ideal combination partner for cytostatic therapy. METHODS In this study, we combined the antineoplastic antibiotic Mithramycin A (MitA) with SpyADI to boost single-agent activity and analyzed underlying response mechanisms in-depth. RESULTS MitA monotherapy induced a time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in eight patient-derived GBM cell lines and had a radiosensitizing effect in all but one cell line. Combination treatment boosted the effects of the monotherapy in 2D- and 3D models. The simultaneous approach was superior to the sequential application and significantly impaired colony formation after repetitive treatment. MitA monotherapy significantly inhibited GBM invasiveness. However, this effect was not enhanced in the combination. Functional analysis identified SpyADI-triggered senescence induction accompanied by increased mitochondrial membrane polarization upon mono- and combination therapy. In HROG63, induction of lysosomes was seen after both monotherapies, indicative of autophagy. These cells seemed swollen and had a more pronounced cortically formed cytoskeleton. Also, cytochrome C and endoplasmatic reticulum-stress-associated proteins ATF4 and Calnexin were enhanced in the combination, contributing to apoptosis. Notably, no significant increases in glioma-stemness marker were seen. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic utilization of a metabolic defect in GBM along with cytostatic therapy provides a novel combination approach. Whether this SpyADI/MitA regimen will provide a safe alternative to combat GBM, will have to be addressed in subsequent (pre-)clinical trials.
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Bench-to-Bedside Studies of Arginine Deprivation in Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052150. [PMID: 36903394 PMCID: PMC10005060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid which becomes wholly essential in many cancers commonly due to the functional loss of Argininosuccinate Synthetase 1 (ASS1). As arginine is vital for a plethora of cellular processes, its deprivation provides a rationale strategy for combatting arginine-dependent cancers. Here we have focused on pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20, pegargiminase)-mediated arginine deprivation therapy from preclinical through to clinical investigation, from monotherapy to combinations with other anticancer therapeutics. The translation of ADI-PEG20 from the first in vitro studies to the first positive phase 3 trial of arginine depletion in cancer is highlighted. Finally, this review discusses how the identification of biomarkers that may denote enhanced sensitivity to ADI-PEG20 beyond ASS1 may be realized in future clinical practice, thus personalising arginine deprivation therapy for patients with cancer.
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Chu YD, Liu HF, Chen YC, Chou CH, Yeh CT. WWOX-rs13338697 genotype predicts therapeutic efficacy of ADI-PEG 20 for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:996820. [PMID: 36530994 PMCID: PMC9756969 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.996820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): GALNT14-rs9679162, WWOX-rs13338697 and rs6025211. Their genotypes are associated with therapeutic outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we examined whether these SNP genotypes could predict the clinical outcome of HCC patients treated with ADI-PEG 20. METHODS Totally 160 patients with advanced HCC, who had previously been enrolled in clinical trials, including 113 receiving ADI-PEG 20 monotherapy (cohort-1) and 47 receiving FOLFOX/ADI-PEG 20 combination treatment (cohort-2), were included retrospectively. RESULTS The WWOX-rs13338697-GG genotype was associated with favorable overall survival in cohort-1 patients (P = 0.025), whereas the rs6025211-TT genotype was associated with unfavorable time-to-tumor progression in cohort-1 (P = 0.021) and cohort-1 plus 2 patients (P = 0.008). As ADI-PEG 20 can reduce plasma arginine levels, we examined its pretreatment levels in relation to the WWOX-rs13338697 genotypes. Pretreatment plasma arginine levels were found to be significantly higher in patients carrying the WWOX-rs13338697-GG genotype (P = 0.006). We next examined the association of the WWOX-rs13338697 genotypes with WWOX tissue protein levels in 214 paired (cancerous/noncancerous) surgically resected HCC tissues (cohort-3). The WWOX-rs13338697-GG genotype was associated with decreased tissue levels of WWOX and ASS1. Mechanistic studies showed that WWOX and ASS1 levels were downregulated in hypoxic HCC cells. Silencing WWOX to mimic low WWOX protein expression in HCC in patients with the WWOX-rs13338697-GG genotype, enhanced HIF1A increment under hypoxia, further decreased ASS1, and increased cell susceptibility to ADI-PEG 20. COMCLUSION In summary, the WWOX-rs13338697 and rs6025211 genotypes predicted treatment outcomes in ADI-PEG 20-treated advanced HCC patients. The WWOX-rs13338697-GG genotype was associated with lower tissue WWOX and ASS1 levels and higher pretreatment plasma arginine levels, resembling an arginine auxotrophic phenotype requires excessive extracellular arginine supply. Silencing WWOX to mimic HCC with the WWOX-rs13338697-GG genotype further stimulated HCC cell response to hypoxia through increased HIF1A expression, leading to further reduction of ASS1 and thus increased cell susceptibility to ADI-PEG 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-De Chu
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Liu
- Polaris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Polaris Group, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Polaris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Polaris Group, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Chou
- Polaris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Polaris Group, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Lai HT, Naumova N, Marchais A, Gaspar N, Geoerger B, Brenner C. Insight into the interplay between mitochondria-regulated cell death and energetic metabolism in osteosarcoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:948097. [PMID: 36072341 PMCID: PMC9441498 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.948097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a pediatric malignant bone tumor that predominantly affects adolescent and young adults. It has high risk for relapse and over the last four decades no improvement of prognosis was achieved. It is therefore crucial to identify new drug candidates for OS treatment to combat drug resistance, limit relapse, and stop metastatic spread. Two acquired hallmarks of cancer cells, mitochondria-related regulated cell death (RCD) and metabolism are intimately connected. Both have been shown to be dysregulated in OS, making them attractive targets for novel treatment. Promising OS treatment strategies focus on promoting RCD by targeting key molecular actors in metabolic reprogramming. The exact interplay in OS, however, has not been systematically analyzed. We therefore review these aspects by synthesizing current knowledge in apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy in OS. Additionally, we outline an overview of mitochondrial function and metabolic profiles in different preclinical OS models. Finally, we discuss the mechanism of action of two novel molecule combinations currently investigated in active clinical trials: metformin and the combination of ADI-PEG20, Docetaxel and Gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Toan Lai
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects métaboliques et systémiques de l’oncogénèse pour de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nataliia Naumova
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects métaboliques et systémiques de l’oncogénèse pour de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonin Marchais
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Gaspar
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Brenner
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects métaboliques et systémiques de l’oncogénèse pour de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- *Correspondence: Catherine Brenner,
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Karabulutoglu M, Finnon R, Cruz-Garcia L, Hill MA, Badie C. Oxidative Stress and X-ray Exposure Levels-Dependent Survival and Metabolic Changes in Murine HSPCs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:11. [PMID: 35052515 PMCID: PMC8772903 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic bone marrow cells are amongst the most sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR), initially resulting in cell death or genotoxicity that may later lead to leukaemia development, most frequently Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML). The target cells for radiation-induced Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (rAML) are believed to lie in the haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment. Using the inbred strain CBA/Ca as a murine model of rAML, progress has been made in understanding the underlying mechanisms, characterisation of target cell population and responses to IR. Complex regulatory systems maintain haematopoietic homeostasis which may act to modulate the risk of rAML. However, little is currently known about the role of metabolic factors and diet in these regulatory systems and modification of the risk of AML development. This study characterises cellular proliferative and clonogenic potential as well as metabolic changes within murine HSPCs under oxidative stress and X-ray exposure. Ambient oxygen (normoxia; 20.8% O2) levels were found to increase irradiated HSPC-stress, stimulating proliferative activity compared to low oxygen (3% O2) levels. IR exposure has a negative influence on the proliferative capability of HSPCs in a dose-dependent manner (0-2 Gy) and this is more pronounced under a normoxic state. One Gy x-irradiated HSPCs cultured under normoxic conditions displayed a significant increase in oxygen consumption compared to those cultured under low O2 conditions and to unirradiated HSPCs. Furthermore, mitochondrial analyses revealed a significant increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, mitochondrial mass and membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner under normoxic conditions. Our results demonstrate that both IR and normoxia act as stressors for HSPCs, leading to significant metabolic deregulation and mitochondrial dysfunctionality which may affect long term risks such as leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Karabulutoglu
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCE, Formally CRCE), UK Health Security Agency (Formerly Public Health England), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; (R.F.); (L.C.-G.)
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - Rosemary Finnon
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCE, Formally CRCE), UK Health Security Agency (Formerly Public Health England), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; (R.F.); (L.C.-G.)
| | - Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCE, Formally CRCE), UK Health Security Agency (Formerly Public Health England), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; (R.F.); (L.C.-G.)
| | - Mark A. Hill
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCE, Formally CRCE), UK Health Security Agency (Formerly Public Health England), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; (R.F.); (L.C.-G.)
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Kang BW, Chau I. Emerging agents for metastatic pancreatic cancer: spotlight on early phase clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:1089-1107. [PMID: 34727804 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1995354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the recent development of new chemotherapeutic regimens and combination strategies, metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) still shows only a modest response to conventional cytotoxic agents. However, several novel therapeutic agents targeting the unique features of mPC are showing promise in clinical trials. AREA COVERED This article reviews the current state of development of new agents targeting various systems and molecular pathways. We searched PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov in September 2021 with a special focus on ongoing early phase clinical trials to identify the promising therapeutic strategies for mPC. EXPERT OPINION Extensive tumor heterogeneity, complex tumor microenvironment, genetic alterations of the oncogenic signaling pathways, metabolic dysregulation, and a low immunogenicity are hurdles for current treatment approaches. Ongoing research efforts strive to overcome these hurdles and are showing some promising early results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Woog Kang
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ian Chau
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, Surrey, UK
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11
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Gu Z, Du Y, Zhao X, Wang C. Tumor microenvironment and metabolic remodeling in gemcitabine-based chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:98-108. [PMID: 34461181 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a solid malignant tumor with a very low operative rate and a poor patient prognosis. Therefore, gemcitabine (GEM)-based chemotherapy remains one of the most important treatment choices for PDAC. However, the efficacy of GEM monotherapy or GEM combination chemotherapy in improving the survival of patients with advanced PDAC is very limited, primarily due to GEM resistance. The mechanism of GEM resistance is complex and unclear. An extensive and dense fibrous matrix in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important feature of PDAC. Increasing evidence indicates that this fibrotic TME not only actively participates in the growth and spread of PDAC but also contributes to the induction of GEM resistance. Metabolic remodeling reduces GEM transport and synthesis in PDAC. This review focuses on the main cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM), immune cells, and metabolic remodeling in the induction of GEM resistance; highlights the prospect of targeting the TME as an essential strategy to overcome GEM resistance; and provides new precise interventions for chemotherapy sensitization and improving the overall prognosis of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongting Gu
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongxing Du
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xueping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengfeng Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Wu C, You M, Nguyen D, Wangpaichitr M, Li YY, Feun LG, Kuo MT, Savaraj N. Enhancing the Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Signaling and Arginine Deprivation in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147628. [PMID: 34299249 PMCID: PMC8306073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma as a very aggressive type of cancer is still in urgent need of improved treatment. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) are two of many suggested drugs for treating melanoma. Both have shown anti-tumor activities without harming normal cells. However, resistance to both drugs has also been noted. Studies on the mechanism of action of and resistance to these drugs provide multiple targets that can be utilized to increase the efficacy and overcome the resistance. As a result, combination strategies have been proposed for these drug candidates with various other agents, and achieved enhanced or synergistic anti-tumor effect. The combination of TRAIL and ADI-PEG20 as one example can greatly enhance the cytotoxicity to melanoma cells including those resistant to the single component of this combination. It is found that combination treatment generally can alter the expression of the components of cell signaling in melanoma cells to favor cell death. In this paper, the signaling of TRAIL and ADI-PEG20-induced arginine deprivation including the main mechanism of resistance to these drugs and exemplary combination strategies is discussed. Finally, factors hampering the clinical application of both drugs, current and future development to overcome these hurdles are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Wu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (C.W.); (M.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Min You
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.Y.); (D.N.); (L.G.F.)
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.Y.); (D.N.); (L.G.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (C.W.); (M.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.Y.); (D.N.); (L.G.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (C.W.); (M.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Lynn G. Feun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.Y.); (D.N.); (L.G.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Macus T. Kuo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (C.W.); (M.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.Y.); (D.N.); (L.G.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-575-3143; Fax: +1-305-575-3375
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13
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Chen CL, Hsu SC, Ann DK, Yen Y, Kung HJ. Arginine Signaling and Cancer Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3541. [PMID: 34298755 PMCID: PMC8306961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine is an amino acid critically involved in multiple cellular processes including the syntheses of nitric oxide and polyamines, and is a direct activator of mTOR, a nutrient-sensing kinase strongly implicated in carcinogenesis. Yet, it is also considered as a non- or semi-essential amino acid, due to normal cells' intrinsic ability to synthesize arginine from citrulline and aspartate via ASS1 (argininosuccinate synthase 1) and ASL (argininosuccinate lyase). As such, arginine can be used as a dietary supplement and its depletion as a therapeutic strategy. Strikingly, in over 70% of tumors, ASS1 transcription is suppressed, rendering the cells addicted to external arginine, forming the basis of arginine-deprivation therapy. In this review, we will discuss arginine as a signaling metabolite, arginine's role in cancer metabolism, arginine as an epigenetic regulator, arginine as an immunomodulator, and arginine as a therapeutic target. We will also provide a comprehensive summary of ADI (arginine deiminase)-based arginine-deprivation preclinical studies and an update of clinical trials for ADI and arginase. The different cell killing mechanisms associated with various cancer types will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Chieh Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30035, Taiwan;
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - David K. Ann
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Yun Yen
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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14
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Tsai HJ, Hsiao HH, Hsu YT, Liu YC, Kao HW, Liu TC, Cho SF, Feng X, Johnston A, Bomalaski JS, Kuo MC, Chen TY. Phase I study of ADI-PEG20 plus low-dose cytarabine for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2946-2955. [PMID: 33787078 PMCID: PMC8085967 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are argininosuccinate synthetase‐deficient. Pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI‐PEG20) monotherapy depletes circulating arginine, thereby selectively inducing tumor cell death. ADI‐PEG20 was shown to induce complete responses in ~10% of relapsed/refractory or poor‐risk AML patients. We conducted a phase I, dose‐escalation study combining ADI‐PEG20 and low‐dose cytarabine (LDC) in AML patients. Patients received 20 mg LDC subcutaneously twice daily for 10 days every 28 days and ADI‐PEG20 at 18 or 36 mg/m2 (dose levels 1 and 2) intramuscularly weekly. An expansion cohort for the maximal tolerated dose of ADI‐PEG20 was planned to further estimate the toxicity and preliminary response of this regimen. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability. The secondary endpoints were time on treatment, overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), and biomarkers (pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity detection). Twenty‐three patients were included in the study, and seventeen patients were in the expansion cohort (dose level 2). No patients developed dose‐limiting toxicities. The most common grade III/IV toxicities were thrombocytopenia (61%), anemia (52%), and neutropenia (30%). One had an allergic reaction to ADI‐PEG20. The ORR in 18 evaluable patients was 44.4%, with a median OS of 8.0 (4.5‐not reached) months. In seven treatment‐naïve patients, the ORR was 71.4% and the complete remission rate was 57.1%. The ADI‐PEG20 and LDC combination was well‐tolerated and resulted in an encouraging ORR. Further combination studies are warranted. (This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as a Ph1 Study of ADI‐PEG20 Plus Low‐Dose Cytarabine in Older Patients With AML, NCT02875093).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jen Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Kao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chih Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Center, Chang Bing Show Chwan Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Cho
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoxing Feng
- Polaris Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Polaris Group, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Johnston
- Polaris Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Polaris Group, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Ming-Chung Kuo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yun Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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15
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Tu MJ, Duan Z, Liu Z, Zhang C, Bold RJ, Gonzalez FJ, Kim EJ, Yu AM. MicroRNA-1291-5p Sensitizes Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells to Arginine Deprivation and Chemotherapy through the Regulation of Arginolysis and Glycolysis. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:686-694. [PMID: 33051382 PMCID: PMC7673485 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are dysregulated and addicted to continuous supply and metabolism of nutritional glucose and amino acids (e.g., arginine) to drive the synthesis of critical macromolecules for uncontrolled growth. Recent studies have revealed that genome-derived microRNA (miRNA or miR)-1291-5p (miR-1291-5p or miR-1291) may modulate the expression of argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1) and glucose transporter protein type 1 (GLUT1). We also developed a novel approach to produce recombinant miR-1291 agents for research, which are distinguished from conventional chemo-engineered miRNA mimics. Herein, we firstly demonstrated that bioengineered miR-1291 agent was selectively processed to high levels of target miR-1291-5p in human pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. After the suppression of ASS1 protein levels, miR-1291 perturbed arginine homeostasis and preferably sensitized ASS1-abundant L3.3 cells to arginine deprivation therapy. In addition, miR-1291 treatment reduced the protein levels of GLUT1 in both AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells, leading to a lower glucose uptake (deceased > 40%) and glycolysis capacity (reduced approximately 50%). As a result, miR-1291 largely improved cisplatin efficacy in the inhibition of PC cell viability. Our results demonstrated that miR-1291 was effective to sensitize PC cells to arginine deprivation treatment and chemotherapy through targeting ASS1- and GLUT1-mediated arginolysis and glycolysis, respectively, which may provide insights into understanding miRNA signaling underlying cancer cell metabolism and development of new strategies for the treatment of lethal PC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Many anticancer drugs in clinical use and under investigation exert pharmacological effects or improve efficacy of coadministered medications by targeting cancer cell metabolism. Using new recombinant miR-1291 agent, we revealed that miR-1291 acts as a metabolism modulator in pancreatic carcinoma cells through the regulation of argininosuccinate synthase- and glucose transporter protein type 1-mediated arginolysis and glycolysis. Consequently, miR-1291 effectively enhanced the efficacy of arginine deprivation (pegylated arginine deiminase) and chemotherapy (cisplatin), offering new insights into development of rational combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (M.-J.T., Z.D., Z.L., C.Z., A.-M.Y.), Division of Surgical Oncology (R.J.B.), Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.K.), University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Zhijian Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (M.-J.T., Z.D., Z.L., C.Z., A.-M.Y.), Division of Surgical Oncology (R.J.B.), Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.K.), University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (M.-J.T., Z.D., Z.L., C.Z., A.-M.Y.), Division of Surgical Oncology (R.J.B.), Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.K.), University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (M.-J.T., Z.D., Z.L., C.Z., A.-M.Y.), Division of Surgical Oncology (R.J.B.), Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.K.), University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Richard J Bold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (M.-J.T., Z.D., Z.L., C.Z., A.-M.Y.), Division of Surgical Oncology (R.J.B.), Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.K.), University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (M.-J.T., Z.D., Z.L., C.Z., A.-M.Y.), Division of Surgical Oncology (R.J.B.), Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.K.), University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Edward J Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (M.-J.T., Z.D., Z.L., C.Z., A.-M.Y.), Division of Surgical Oncology (R.J.B.), Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.K.), University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (M.-J.T., Z.D., Z.L., C.Z., A.-M.Y.), Division of Surgical Oncology (R.J.B.), Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.K.), University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; and Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.)
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16
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Inhibiting RRM2 to enhance the anticancer activity of chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110996. [PMID: 33227712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RRM2, the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, is identified as a tumor promotor and therapeutic target. It is common to see the overexpression of RRM2 in chemo-resistant cancer cells and patients. RRM2 mediates the resistance of many chemotherapeutic drugs and could become the predictor for chemosensitivity and prognosis. Therefore, inhibition of RRM2 may be an effective means to enhance the anticancer activity of chemotherapy. This review tries to discuss the mechanisms of RRM2 overexpression and the role of RRM2 in resistance to chemotherapy. Additionally, we compile the studies on small interfering RNA targets RRM2, RRM2 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, and other ways that could overcome the resistance of chemotherapy or exert synergistic anticancer activity with chemotherapy through the expression inhibition or the enzyme inactivation of RRM2.
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17
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Xu R, Yang J, Ren B, Wang H, Yang G, Chen Y, You L, Zhao Y. Reprogramming of Amino Acid Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:572722. [PMID: 33117704 PMCID: PMC7550743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.572722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal malignancies with an extremely poor prognosis. Energy metabolism reprogramming, an emerging hallmark of cancer, has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and development of pancreatic cancer. In addition to well-elaborated enhanced glycolysis, investigating the role of reprogramming of amino acid metabolism has sparked great interests in recent years. The rewiring amino acid metabolism orchestrated by genetic alterations contributes to pancreatic cancer malignant characteristics including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and redox balance. In the unique hypoperfused and nutrient-deficient tumor microenvironment (TME), the interactions between cancer cells and stromal components and salvaging processes including autophagy and macropinocytosis play critical roles in fulfilling the metabolic requirements and supporting growth of PDAC. In this review, we elucidate the recent advances in the amino acid metabolism reprogramming in pancreatic cancer and the mechanisms of amino acid metabolism regulating PDAC progression, which will provide opportunities to develop promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Kim SS, Xu S, Cui J, Poddar S, Le TM, Hayrapetyan H, Li L, Wu N, Moore AM, Zhou L, Yu AC, Dann AM, Elliott IA, Abt ER, Kim W, Dawson DW, Radu CG, Donahue TR. Histone deacetylase inhibition is synthetically lethal with arginine deprivation in pancreatic cancers with low argininosuccinate synthetase 1 expression. Theranostics 2020; 10:829-840. [PMID: 31903153 PMCID: PMC6929997 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine (Arg) deprivation is a promising therapeutic approach for tumors with low argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) expression. However, its efficacy as a single agent therapy needs to be improved as resistance is frequently observed. Methods: A tissue microarray was performed to assess ASS1 expression in surgical specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its correlation with disease prognosis. An RNA-Seq analysis examined the role of ASS1 in regulating the global gene transcriptome. A high throughput screen of FDA-approved oncology drugs identified synthetic lethality between histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and Arg deprivation in PDAC cells with low ASS1 expression. We examined HDAC inhibitor panobinostat (PAN) and Arg deprivation in a panel of human PDAC cell lines, in ASS1-high and -knockdown/knockout isogenic models, in both anchorage-dependent and -independent cultures, and in multicellular complex cultures that model the PDAC tumor microenvironment. We examined the effects of combined Arg deprivation and PAN on DNA damage and the protein levels of key DNA repair enzymes. We also evaluated the efficacy of PAN and ADI-PEG20 (an Arg-degrading agent currently in Phase 2 clinical trials) in xenograft models with ASS1-low and -high PDAC tumors. Results: Low ASS1 protein level is a negative prognostic indicator in PDAC. Arg deprivation in ASS1-deficient PDAC cells upregulated asparagine synthetase (ASNS) which redirected aspartate (Asp) from being used for de novo nucleotide biosynthesis, thus causing nucleotide insufficiency and impairing cell cycle S-phase progression. Comprehensively validated, HDAC inhibitors and Arg deprivation showed synthetic lethality in ASS1-low PDAC cells. Mechanistically, combined Arg deprivation and HDAC inhibition triggered degradation of a key DNA repair enzyme C-terminal-binding protein interacting protein (CtIP), resulting in DNA damage and apoptosis. In addition, S-phase-retained ASS1-low PDAC cells (due to Arg deprivation) were also sensitized to DNA damage, thus yielding effective cell death. Compared to single agents, the combination of PAN and ADI-PEG20 showed better efficacy in suppressing ASS1-low PDAC tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Conclusion: The combination of PAN and ADI-PEG20 is a rational translational therapeutic strategy for treating ASS1-low PDAC tumors through synergistic induction of DNA damage.
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19
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Prudner BC, Rathore R, Robinson AM, Godec A, Chang SF, Hawkins WG, Hirbe AC, Van Tine BA. Arginine Starvation and Docetaxel Induce c-Myc-Driven hENT1 Surface Expression to Overcome Gemcitabine Resistance in ASS1-Negative Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5122-5134. [PMID: 31113844 PMCID: PMC7357353 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The response to acute and long-term arginine starvation results in a conditional adaptive metabolic reprogramming that can be harnessed for therapeutic opportunities in ASS1-negative tumors. Here, we investigate the underlying biology of priming ASS1- tumors with arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) before treatment with gemcitabine (GEM) and docetaxel (DTX) in sarcoma, pancreatic cancer, and melanoma cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ASS1- tumor cell lines were treated to create LTAT (long-term ADI treated) cell lines (ASS1+) and used for drug combination studies. Protein expression of ASS1, dCK, RRM2, E2F1, c-MYC, and hENT1 was measured. c-MYC activity was determined, live-cell immunofluorescent studies for hENT1, uptake assays of FITC-cytosine probe, and rescue studies with a c-MYC inhibitor were all determined in the presence or absence of the ADI-PEG20:GEM:DTX. RESULTS In examining modulations within the pyrimidine pathway, we identified that the addition of DTX to cells treated with ADI-PEG20 resulted in translocation of stabilized c-Myc to the nucleus. This resulted in an increase of hENT1 cell-surface expression and rendered the cells susceptible to GEM. In vivo studies demonstrate that the combination of ADI-PEG20:GEM:DTX was optimal for tumor growth inhibition, providing the preclinical mechanism and justification for the ongoing clinical trial of ADI-PEG20, GEM, and DTX in sarcoma. CONCLUSIONS The priming of tumors with ADI-PEG20 and DTX results in the stabilization of c-MYC potentiating the effect of GEM treatment via an increase in hENT1 expression. This finding is applicable to ASS1-deficient cancers that are currently treated with GEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany C Prudner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richa Rathore
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anthony M Robinson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Abigail Godec
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Samuel F Chang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Angela C Hirbe
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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20
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Singh PK, Deorukhkar AA, Venkatesulu BP, Li X, Tailor R, Bomalaski JS, Krishnan S. Exploiting Arginine Auxotrophy with Pegylated Arginine Deiminase (ADI-PEG20) to Sensitize Pancreatic Cancer to Radiotherapy via Metabolic Dysregulation. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2381-2393. [PMID: 31395686 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Distinct metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer cells compared with normal cells can potentially be exploited for therapeutic targeting. Deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase-1 (ASS1) in pancreatic cancers creates auxotrophy for the semiessential amino acid arginine. We explored the therapeutic potential of depleting exogenous arginine via pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) treatment as an adjunct to radiotherapy. We evaluated the efficacy of treatment of human pancreatic cancer cell lines and xenografts with ADI-PEG20 and radiation via clonogenic assays and tumor growth delay experiments. We also investigated potential mechanisms of action using reverse-phase protein array, Western blotting, and IHC and immunofluorescence staining. ADI-PEG20 potently radiosensitized ASS1-deficient pancreatic cancer cells (MiaPaCa-2, Panc-1, AsPc-1, HPAC, and CaPan-1), but not ASS1-expressing cell lines (Bxpc3, L3.6pl, and SW1990). Reverse phase protein array studies confirmed increased expression of proteins related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis, which were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Inhibition of ER stress signaling with 4-phenylbutyrate abrogated the expression of ER stress proteins and reversed radiosensitization by ADI-PEG20. Independent in vivo studies in two xenograft models confirmed significant tumor growth delays, which were associated with enhanced expression of ER stress proteins and apoptosis markers and reduced expression of proliferation and angiogenesis markers. ADI-PEG20 augmented the effects of radiation by triggering the ER stress pathway, leading to apoptosis in pancreatic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amit A Deorukhkar
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bhanu P Venkatesulu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ramesh Tailor
- Department of Radiation Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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21
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Zhou JZ, Hu MR, Diao HL, Wang QW, Huang Q, Ge BJ. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed circRNAs revealed a ceRNA network in pancreatic ductaladenocarcinoma. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:979-991. [PMID: 31360192 PMCID: PMC6657245 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PDAC are still not completely understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a unique class of RNA formed by special loop splicing. More and more researchers have paid attention to circRNAs. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we constructed a circRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in PDAC. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed to explore circRNAs' potential roles in PDAC progression. We also constructed an up-stream transcriptional network of circRNAs' parental genes and found that many transcription factors (TFs), such as tumor protein p53 (TP53) and MYC, could regulate their expression. RESULTS This study, which aimed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in PDAC, suggested that circRNAs may also act as biomarkers for PDAC. We analyzed two public datasets (GSE69362 and GSE79634) to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in PDAC. Finally, we found that DExH-Box Helicase 9 (DHX9) may be a potential regulator of circRNA formation in PDAC. Genomic loci of four down-regulated circRNAs - hsa_circ_000691, hsa_circ_0049392, hsa_circ_0005203, and hsa_circ_0001626 - contained DHX9 binding sites, suggesting that they may be directly regulated by DHX9. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified differentially expressed circRNAs in PDAC, suggesting that circRNAs may also act as biomarkers for PDAC. Additional investigations of function and up-stream regulation of differentially expressed circRNA in PDAC are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhe Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Ren Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Liang Diao
- Department of General Surgery, Karamay Central Hospital, Karamay, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qi-Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bu-Jun Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zarei M, Rahbar MR, Morowvat MH, Nezafat N, Negahdaripour M, Berenjian A, Ghasemi Y. Arginine Deiminase: Current Understanding and Applications. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2019; 13:124-136. [PMID: 30569861 DOI: 10.2174/1872208313666181220121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine deiminase (ADI), an arginine catabolizing enzyme, is considered as an anti-tumor agent for the treatment of arginine auxotrophic cancers. However, some obstacles limit its clinical applications. OBJECTIVE This review will summarize the clinical applications of ADI, from a brief history to its limitations, and will discuss the different ways to deal with the clinical limitations. METHOD The structure analysis, cloning, expression, protein engineering and applications of arginine deiminase enzyme have been explained in this review. CONCLUSION Recent patents on ADI are related to ADI engineering to increase its efficacy for clinical application. The intracellular delivery of ADI and combination therapy seem to be the future strategies in the treatment of arginine auxotrophic cancers. Applying ADIs with optimum features from different sources and or ADI engineering, are promising strategies to improve the clinical application of ADI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Zarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Morowvat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science & Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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23
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Karabulutoglu M, Finnon R, Imaoka T, Friedl AA, Badie C. Influence of diet and metabolism on hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia development following ionizing radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:452-479. [PMID: 29932783 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1490042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The review aims to discuss the prominence of dietary and metabolic regulators in maintaining hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function, long-term self-renewal, and differentiation. RESULTS Most adult stem cells are preserved in a quiescent, nonmotile state in vivo which acts as a "protective state" for stem cells to reduce endogenous stress provoked by DNA replication and cellular respiration as well as exogenous environmental stress. The dynamic balance between quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation is critical for supporting a functional blood system throughout life of an organism. Stress-conditions, for example ionizing radiation exposure can trigger the blood forming HSCs to proliferate and migrate through extramedullary tissues to expand the number of HSCs and increase hematopoiesis. In addition, a wealth of investigation validated that deregulation of this balance plays a critical pathogenic role in various different hematopoietic diseases including the leukemia development. CONCLUSION The review summarizes the current knowledge on how alterations in dietary and metabolic factors could alter the risk of leukemia development following ionizing radiation exposure by inhibiting or even reversing the leukemic progression. Understanding the influence of diet, metabolism, and epigenetics on radiation-induced leukemogenesis may lead to the development of practical interventions to reduce the risk in exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Karabulutoglu
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK.,b CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Rosemary Finnon
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- c Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba , Japan
| | - Anna A Friedl
- d Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christophe Badie
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK
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24
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Lowery MA, Yu KH, Kelsen DP, Harding JJ, Bomalaski JS, Glassman DC, Covington CM, Brenner R, Hollywood E, Barba A, Johnston A, Liu KCW, Feng X, Capanu M, Abou-Alfa GK, O'Reilly EM. A phase 1/1B trial of ADI-PEG 20 plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2017; 123:4556-4565. [PMID: 28832976 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADI-PEG 20 is a pegylated form of the arginine-depleting enzyme arginine deiminase. Normal cells synthesize arginine with the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1); ADI-PEG 20 selectively targets malignant cells, which lack ASS1. METHODS A single-arm, nonrandomized, open-label, phase 1/1B, standard 3 + 3 dose escalation with an expansion cohort of 9 patients at the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was conducted. Patients who had metastatic pancreatic cancer, up to 1 line of prior treatment (the dose-escalation cohort) or no prior treatment (the expansion cohort), and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1 were included. Patients received both gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 ) and nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m2 ) for 3 of 4 weeks and intramuscular ADI-PEG 20 at 18 mg/m2 weekly (cohort 1) or at 36 mg/m2 weekly (cohort 2 and the expansion cohort).The primary endpoint was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and RP2D of ADI-PEG 20 in combination with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine. RESULTS Eighteen patients were enrolled. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed in cohort 1; cohort 2 was expanded to 6 patients because of 1 DLT occurrence (a grade 3 elevation in bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase). The most frequent adverse events (AEs) of any grade were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and fatigue; all 18 patients experienced grade 3/4 AEs. The most frequent grade 3/4 toxicities, regardless of the relation with any drugs, included neutropenia (12 patients or 67%), leukopenia (10 patients or 56%), anemia (8 patients or 44%), and lymphopenia (6 patients or 33%). The RP2D for ADI-PEG 20 was 36 mg/m2 weekly in combination with standard-dose gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. The overall response rate among patients treated at the RP2D in the first-line setting was 45.5% (5 of 11).The median progression-free survival time for these patients treated at the RP2D was 6.1 months (95% confidence interval, 5.3-11.2 months), and the median overall survival time was 11.3 months (95% confidence interval, 6.7 months to not reached). CONCLUSIONS ADI-PEG 20 was well tolerated in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. Activity was observed in previously treated and untreated patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and in patients with ASS1-deficient and -proficient tumors. Cancer 2017;123:4556-4565. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve A Lowery
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth H Yu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David Paul Kelsen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - James J Harding
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Robin Brenner
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marinela Capanu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ghassan K Abou-Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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25
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Fung MKL, Chan GCF. Drug-induced amino acid deprivation as strategy for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:144. [PMID: 28750681 PMCID: PMC5530962 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by uncontrollable growth of neoplastic cells, leading to invasion of adjacent and distant tissues resulting in death. Cancer cells have specific nutrient(s) auxotrophy and have a much higher nutrient demand compared to normal tissues. Therefore, different metabolic inhibitors or nutrient-depleting enzymes have been tested for their anti-cancer activities. We review recent available laboratory and clinical data on using various specific amino acid metabolic pathways inhibitors in treating cancers. Our focus is on glutamine, asparagine, and arginine starvation. These three amino acids are chosen due to their better scientific evidence compared to other related approaches in cancer treatment. Amino acid-specific depleting enzymes have been adopted in different standard chemotherapy protocols. Glutamine starvation by glutaminase inhibitior, transporter inhibitor, or glutamine depletion has shown to have significant anti-cancer effect in pre-clinical studies. Currently, glutaminase inhibitor is under clinical trial for testing anti-cancer efficacy. Clinical data suggests that asparagine depletion is effective in treating hematologic malignancies even as a single agent. On the other hand, arginine depletion has lower toxicity profile and can effectively reduce the level of pro-cancer biochemicals in patients as shown by ours and others’ data. This supports the clinical use of arginine depletion as anti-cancer therapy but its exact efficacy in various cancers requires further investigation. However, clinical application of these enzymes is usually hindered by common problems including allergy to these foreign proteins, off-target cytotoxicity, short half-life and rapidly emerging chemoresistance. There have been efforts to overcome these problems by modifying the drugs in different ways to circumvent these hindrance such as (1) isolate human native enzymes to reduce allergy, (2) isolate enzyme isoforms with higher specificities and efficiencies, (3) pegylate the enzymes to reduce allergy and prolong the half-lives, and (4) design drug combinations protocols to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by drug synergy and minimizing resistance. These improvements can potentially lead to the development of more effective anti-cancer treatment with less adverse effects and higher therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Kwong Lam Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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26
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Beddowes E, Spicer J, Chan PY, Khadeir R, Corbacho JG, Repana D, Steele JP, Schmid P, Szyszko T, Cook G, Diaz M, Feng X, Johnston A, Thomson J, Sheaff M, Wu BW, Bomalaski J, Pacey S, Szlosarek PW. Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study of Pegylated Arginine Deiminase, Cisplatin, and Pemetrexed in Patients With Argininosuccinate Synthetase 1-Deficient Thoracic Cancers. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:1778-1785. [PMID: 28388291 PMCID: PMC6141244 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.71.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20) depletes essential amino acid levels in argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) -negative tumors by converting arginine to citrulline and ammonia. The main aim of this study was to determine the recommended dose, safety, and tolerability of ADI-PEG 20, cisplatin, and pemetrexed in patients with ASS1-deficient malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) or non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Using a 3 + 3 + 3 dose-escalation study, nine chemotherapy-naïve patients (five MPM, four NSCLC) received weekly ADI-PEG 20 doses of 18 mg/m2, 27 mg/m2, or 36 mg/m2, together with pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 which were given every three weeks (maximum of six cycles). Patients achieving stable disease or better could continue ADI-PEG 20 monotherapy until disease progression or withdrawal. Adverse events were assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03, and pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity were also evaluated. Tumor response was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 for NSCLC and by modified RECIST criteria for MPM. Results No dose-limiting toxicities were reported; nine of 38 reported adverse events (all grade 1 or 2) were related to ADI-PEG 20. Circulating arginine concentrations declined rapidly, and citrulline levels increased; both changes persisted at 18 weeks. Partial responses were observed in seven of nine patients (78%), including three with either sarcomatoid or biphasic MPM. Conclusion Target engagement with depletion of arginine was maintained throughout treatment with no dose-limiting toxicities. In this biomarker-selected group of patients with ASS1-deficient cancers, clinical activity was observed in patients with poor-prognosis tumors. Therefore, we recommend a dose for future studies of weekly ADI-PEG 20 36 mg/m2 plus three-weekly cisplatin 75 mg/m2 and pemetrexed 500 mg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Beddowes
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - James Spicer
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Pui Ying Chan
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Ramsay Khadeir
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Javier Garcia Corbacho
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Dimitra Repana
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Jeremy P. Steele
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Peter Schmid
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Teresa Szyszko
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Gary Cook
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Monica Diaz
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Xiaoxing Feng
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Amanda Johnston
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Jim Thomson
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Michael Sheaff
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Bor-Wen Wu
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - John Bomalaski
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Simon Pacey
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - Peter W. Szlosarek
- Emma Beddowes, Javier Garcia Corbacho, and Simon Pacey, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; James Spicer, Dimitra Repana, Teresa Szyszko, and Gary Cook, King's College London; Pui Ying Chan, Jeremy P. Steele, Peter Schmid, Michael Sheaff, and Peter W. Szlosarek, St Bartholomew’s Hospital; Ramsay Khadeir, Peter Schmid, and Peter W. Szlosarek, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kindgom; and Monica Diaz, Xiaoxing Feng, Amanda Johnston, Jim Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, and John Bomalaski, Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
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Liu Q, Stewart J, Wang H, Rashid A, Zhao J, Katz MH, Lee JE, Fleming JB, Maitra A, Wolff RA, Varadhachary GR, Krishnan S, Wang H. Reduced expression of argininosuccinate synthetase 1 has a negative prognostic impact in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171985. [PMID: 28187218 PMCID: PMC5302782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), the rate-limiting enzyme for arginine biosynthesis, is expressed in many types of human malignancies. Recent studies showed that ASS1 may have tumor suppressor function and that ASS1 deficiency is associated with clinical aggressiveness in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, myxofibrosarcomas and bladder cancer. The goal of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of ASS1 expression in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our study included two independent cohorts: untreated cohort, which was comprised of 135 patients with PDAC who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) without pre-operative neoadjuvant therapy, and treated cohort, which was comprised of 122 patients with PDAC who have completed neoadjuvant therapy and PD. The expression level of ASS1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and the results were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and survival using SPSS statistics. Our study showed that 12% of PDAC in untreated cohort and 15% of PDAC in treated cohort has low expression of ASS1 (ASS1-low). ASS1-low was associated with higher recurrence (p = 0.045), shorter disease-free survival (DFS, 4.8 ± 1.6 months vs 15.3 ± 2.2 months, p = 0.001) and shorter overall survival (OS, 14.6 ± 6.4 months vs 26.5 ± 3.5 months, p = 0.005) in untreated cohort and shorter OS in treated cohort compared to ASS1-high tumors. In multivariate analysis, ASS1-low (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26–0.79, p = 0.005) was an independent prognostic factor for DFS in untreated cohort and an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32–0.97, p = 0.04) in treated cohort. Our results provide supporting evidence for future clinical trial using arginine deprivation agents either alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy in treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Stewart
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew H. Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey E. Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason B. Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gauri R. Varadhachary
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liu JB, Lei LL, Yang YH, Li W, Ma QY, Liu DC, Li SQ. Arginine deiminase inhibits pancreatic cancer cell invasion by blocking PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3570-3579. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i24.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the impact of arginine deiminase (ADI) on the migration and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells and the possible mechanism involved.
METHODS The pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 expressing defective argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) and BxPC-3 expressing ASS protein were chosen for the ADI treatment experiments, and they were cultured in the medium containing ADI (experimental group) or the common medium without ADI (control group). The impact of ADI on the migration and invasion of the two pancreatic cancer cell lines was examined by scratch assay and transwell invasion assay. The mRNA and protein expression of invasion-related genes in pancreatic cancer cells treated with ADI was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and/or Western blot. The expression of signal transduction proteins and invasion-related proteins in PANC-1 cell treated with ADI in combination with PI3K signaling inhibitor LY294002 was also analyzed.
RESULTS ADI significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion (P < 0.05), down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of urokinase plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, as well as MMP-9, and elevated the levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and E-Cadherin (P < 0.05) in ASS deficient pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1; while there were no obvious changes for ASS-positive pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3. ADI reduced the expression levels of p-AKT and p-p65, which are involved in the PI3K/AKT/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, in PANC-1 cells, and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 can synergize the effect of ADI on reducing the levels of phosphorylation of the signaling protein and MMP-2. Furthermore, in combination with ADI, LY294002 synergistically inhibited the invasion ability of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION ADI inhibits the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating the expression of invasion-related genes via blocking the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Patil MD, Bhaumik J, Babykutty S, Banerjee UC, Fukumura D. Arginine dependence of tumor cells: targeting a chink in cancer's armor. Oncogene 2016; 35:4957-72. [PMID: 27109103 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arginine, one among the 20 most common natural amino acids, has a pivotal role in cellular physiology as it is being involved in numerous cellular metabolic and signaling pathways. Dependence on arginine is diverse for both tumor and normal cells. Because of decreased expression of argininosuccinate synthetase and/or ornithine transcarbamoylase, several types of tumor are auxotrophic for arginine. Deprivation of arginine exploits a significant vulnerability of these tumor cells and leads to their rapid demise. Hence, enzyme-mediated arginine depletion is a potential strategy for the selective destruction of tumor cells. Arginase, arginine deiminase and arginine decarboxylase are potential enzymes that may be used for arginine deprivation therapy. These arginine catabolizing enzymes not only reduce tumor growth but also make them susceptible to concomitantly administered anti-cancer therapeutics. Most of these enzymes are currently under clinical investigations and if successful will potentially be advanced as anti-cancer modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - J Bhaumik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - S Babykutty
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - U C Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
| | - D Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Han RZ, Xu GC, Dong JJ, Ni Y. Arginine deiminase: recent advances in discovery, crystal structure, and protein engineering for improved properties as an anti-tumor drug. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4747-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Arginine Metabolism in Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:363. [PMID: 26978353 PMCID: PMC4813224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance to infectious diseases is a significant global concern for health care organizations; along with aging populations and increasing cancer rates, it represents a great burden for government healthcare systems. Therefore, the development of therapies against bacterial infection and cancer is an important strategy for healthcare research. Pathogenic bacteria and cancer have developed a broad range of sophisticated strategies to survive or propagate inside a host and cause infection or spread disease. Bacteria can employ their own metabolism pathways to obtain nutrients from the host cells in order to survive. Similarly, cancer cells can dysregulate normal human cell metabolic pathways so that they can grow and spread. One common feature of the adaption and disruption of metabolic pathways observed in bacterial and cancer cell growth is amino acid pathways; these have recently been targeted as a novel approach to manage bacterial infections and cancer therapy. In particular, arginine metabolism has been illustrated to be important not only for bacterial pathogenesis but also for cancer therapy. Therefore, greater insights into arginine metabolism of pathogenic bacteria and cancer cells would provide possible targets for controlling of bacterial infection and cancer treatment. This review will summarize the recent progress on the relationship of arginine metabolism with bacterial pathogenesis and cancer therapy, with a particular focus on arginase and arginine deiminase pathways of arginine catabolism.
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Xu Y, Meng H, Du F, Lu W, Liu S, Huang J, Yu J. Preparation of intravenous injection nanoformulation of VESylated gemcitabine by co-assembly with TPGS and its anti-tumor activity in pancreatic tumor-bearing mice. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:792-7. [PMID: 26410754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Our recent publication showed that VES-dFdC nanocapsules in pure water could be obtained via the self-assembling of VES-dFdC prodrug synthesized by coupling gemcitabine (dFdC) with vitamin E succinate (VES). To prepare the intravenous injection nanoformulation, we present here a novel strategy to improve the stability and drug concentration of VES-dFdC nanoformulation in PBS or isotonic solution. Particularly, D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), usually used as drug solubilizer and coincidentally contains the same VES moiety as VES-dFdC prodrug and PEG chain, is selected to co-assemble with VES-dFdC prodrug. The zeta potentials of all the TPGS/VES-dFdC co-assemblies were close to 0 mV, and their particle size measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) decreased from 113 to 36 nm with increasing TPGS/VES-dFdC molar ratios from 0.15 to 1.5. Stable colloidal suspensions were obtained without aggregates in PBS at 4 °C in one month or isotonic solution at 37 °C in one week, and the weight concentration of VES-dFdC prodrug increased from 7 to 17 mg/mL when the molar ratios of TPGS/VES-dFdC ranged from 0.5/1 to 1.5/1. The concentration of VES-dFdC prodrug was high enough to be used as intravenous injection nanoformulation in nude mice. Interestingly, along with the increase of TPGS/VES-dFdC molar ratios from 0.3/1 to 1.5/1, the morphology of TPGS/VES-dFdC co-assemblies changed from loose nanocapsule to compact micelle revealed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Finally, the co-assembly of TPGS/VES-dFdC (TPGS/VES-dFdC: 1/1) was selected as intravenous injection nanoformulation to evaluate the antitumor activity. Compared with native dFdC, TPGS/VES-dFdC nanoformulation with 0.2mmol/kg of dosage showed similar low toxicity in vivo, but 4.7 times high of tumor inhibition rate in nude mice with pre-established BxPC-3 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Haijing Meng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China; Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Fang Du
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Takustr. 3 14195, Germany
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, ChangZheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Jin Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
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