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Ten A, Kumeiko V, Farniev V, Gao H, Shevtsov M. Tumor Microenvironment Modulation by Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2024; 13:682. [PMID: 38667297 PMCID: PMC11049026 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the process of tumorigenesis, regulating the growth, metabolism, proliferation, and invasion of cancer cells, as well as contributing to tumor resistance to the conventional chemoradiotherapies. Several types of cells with relatively stable phenotypes have been identified within the TME, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells, which have been shown to modulate cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and interaction with the immune system, thus promoting tumor heterogeneity. Growing evidence suggests that tumor-cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), via the transfer of various molecules (e.g., RNA, proteins, peptides, and lipids), play a pivotal role in the transformation of normal cells in the TME into their tumor-associated protumorigenic counterparts. This review article focuses on the functions of EVs in the modulation of the TME with a view to how exosomes contribute to the transformation of normal cells, as well as their importance for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Ten
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.T.); (V.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.T.); (V.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Vladislav Farniev
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.T.); (V.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.T.); (V.K.); (V.F.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave., 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova Str., 2, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technishe Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str., 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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De La Cruz-Sigüenza DA, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Trejo-Becerril C, Pérez-Cárdenas E, Chávez-Blanco A, Taja-Chayeb L, Domínguez-Gómez G, Ramos-Godinez MP, González-Fierro A, Dueñas-González A. The non-vesicle cell-free DNA (cfDNA) induces cell transformation associated with horizontal DNA transfer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:174. [PMID: 38252353 PMCID: PMC10803523 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a source for liquid biopsy used for cancer diagnosis, therapy selection, and disease monitoring due to its non-invasive nature and ease of extraction. However, cfDNA also participates in cancer development and progression by horizontal transfer. In humans, cfDNA circulates complexed with extracellular vesicles (EV) and macromolecular complexes such as nucleosomes, lipids, and serum proteins. The present study aimed to demonstrate whether cfDNA not associated with EV induces cell transformation and tumorigenesis. METHODS Supernatant of the SW480 human colon cancer cell line was processed by ultracentrifugation to obtain a soluble fraction (SF) and a fraction associated with EV (EVF). Primary murine embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) underwent passive transfection with these fractions, and cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell transformation, and tumorigenic assays were performed. Next, cfDNA was analyzed by electronic microscopy, and horizontal transfer was assessed by human mutant KRAS in recipient cells via PCR and recipient cell internalization via fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The results showed that the SF but not the EVF of cfDNA induced proliferative and antiapoptotic effects, cell transformation, and tumorigenesis in nude mice, which were reduced by digestion with DNAse I and proteinase K. These effects were associated with horizontal DNA transfer and cfDNA internalization into recipient cells. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest pro-tumorigenic effects of cfDNA in the SF that can be offset by enzyme treatment. Further exploration of the horizontal tumor progression phenomenon mediated by cfDNA is needed to determine whether its manipulation may play a role in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A De La Cruz-Sigüenza
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J P Reyes-Grajeda
- Protein Structure Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M A Velasco-Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacan, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Trejo-Becerril
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Pérez-Cárdenas
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Chávez-Blanco
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Taja-Chayeb
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Domínguez-Gómez
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M P Ramos-Godinez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A González-Fierro
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Dueñas-González
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3004, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacan, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Witz A, Dardare J, Betz M, Gilson P, Merlin JL, Harlé A. Tumor-derived cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells: partners or rivals in metastasis formation? Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38231464 PMCID: PMC10794481 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The origin of metastases is a topic that has sparked controversy. Despite recent advancements, metastatic disease continues to pose challenges. The first admitted model of how metastases develop revolves around cells breaking away from the primary tumor, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These cells survive while circulating through the bloodstream and subsequently establish themselves in secondary organs, a process often referred to as the "metastatic cascade". This intricate and dynamic process involves various steps, but all the mechanisms behind metastatic dissemination are not yet comprehensively elucidated. The "seed and soil" theory has shed light on the phenomenon of metastatic organotropism and the existence of pre-metastatic niches. It is now established that these niches can be primed by factors secreted by the primary tumor before the arrival of CTCs. In particular, exosomes have been identified as important contributors to this priming. Another concept then emerged, i.e. the "genometastasis" theory, which challenged all other postulates. It emphasizes the intriguing but promising role of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in metastasis formation through oncogenic formation of recipient cells. However, it cannot be ruled out that all these theories are intertwined. This review outlines the primary theories regarding the metastases formation that involve CTCs, and depicts cfDNA, a potential second player in the metastasis formation. We discuss the potential interrelationships between CTCs and cfDNA, and propose both in vitro and in vivo experimental strategies to explore all plausible theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Witz
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Julie Dardare
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Margaux Betz
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Gilson
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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Haghjooy Javanmard S, Rafiee L, Bahri Najafi M, Khorsandi D, Hasan A, Vaseghi G, Makvandi P. Microfluidic-based technologies in cancer liquid biopsy: Unveiling the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) materials. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117083. [PMID: 37690629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy includes the isolating and analysis of non-solid biological samples enables us to find new ways for molecular profiling, prognostic assessment, and better therapeutic decision-making in cancer patients. Despite the conventional theory of tumor development, a non-vertical transmission of DNA has been reported among cancer cells and between cancer and normal cells. The phenomenon referred to as horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has the ability to amplify the advancement of tumors by disseminating genes that encode molecules conferring benefits to the survival or metastasis of cancer cells. Currently, common liquid biopsy approaches include the analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and tumor-free DNA (tfDNA) derived from primary tumors and their metastatic sites, which are well-known HGT mediators in cancer cells. Current technological and molecular advances expedited the high-throughput and high-sensitive HGT materials analyses by using new technologies, such as microfluidics in liquid biopsies. This review delves into the convergence of microfluidic-based technologies and the investigation of Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) materials in cancer liquid biopsy. The integration of microfluidics offers unprecedented advantages such as high sensitivity, rapid analysis, and the ability to analyze rare cell populations. These attributes are instrumental in detecting and characterizing CTCs, circulating nucleic acids, and EVs, which are carriers of genetic cargo that could potentially undergo HGT. The phenomenon of HGT in cancer has raised intriguing questions about its role in driving genomic diversity and acquired drug resistance. By leveraging microfluidic platforms, researchers have been able to capture and analyze individual cells or genetic material with enhanced precision, shedding light on the potential transfer of genetic material between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells. Furthermore, the application of microfluidics in single-cell sequencing has enabled the elucidation of the genetic changes associated with HGT events, providing insights into the evolution of tumor genomes. This review also discusses the challenges and opportunities in studying HGT materials using microfluidic-based technologies. In conclusion, microfluidic-based technologies have significantly advanced the field of cancer liquid biopsy, enabling the sensitive and accurate detection of HGT materials. As the understanding of HGT's role in tumor evolution and therapy resistance continues to evolve, the synergistic integration of microfluidics and HGT research promises to provide valuable insights into cancer biology, with potential implications for precision oncology and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majed Bahri Najafi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China.
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Todorova VK, Byrum SD, Mackintosh SG, Jamshidi-Parsian A, Gies AJ, Washam CL, Jenkins SV, Spiva T, Bowman E, Reyna NS, Griffin RJ, Makhoul I. Exosomal MicroRNA and Protein Profiles of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13098. [PMID: 37685904 PMCID: PMC10487651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a main risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, play an important role in tumor development and metastasis, including regulation of HBV-related HCC. In this study, we have characterized exosome microRNA and proteins released in vitro from hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC cell lines SNU-423 and SNU-182 and immortalized normal hepatocyte cell lines (THLE2 and THLE3) using microRNA sequencing and mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics, including functional enrichment and network analysis, combined with survival analysis using data related to HCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, were applied to examine the prognostic significance of the results. More than 40 microRNAs and 200 proteins were significantly dysregulated (p < 0.05) in the exosomes released from HCC cells in comparison with the normal liver cells. The functional analysis of the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs (i.e., mir-483, mir-133a, mir-34a, mir-155, mir-183, mir-182), their predicted targets, and exosomal differentially expressed proteins (i.e., POSTN, STAM, EXOC8, SNX9, COL1A2, IDH1, FN1) showed correlation with pathways associated with HBV, virus activity and invasion, exosome formation and adhesion, and exogenous protein binding. The results from this study may help in our understanding of the role of HBV infection in the development of HCC and in the development of new targets for treatment or non-invasive predictive biomarkers of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina K. Todorova
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.D.B.); (S.G.M.); (A.J.G.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Samuel G. Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.D.B.); (S.G.M.); (A.J.G.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Azemat Jamshidi-Parsian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.J.-P.); (S.V.J.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Allen J. Gies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.D.B.); (S.G.M.); (A.J.G.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Charity L. Washam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.D.B.); (S.G.M.); (A.J.G.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Samir V. Jenkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.J.-P.); (S.V.J.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Timothy Spiva
- Biology Department, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR 71998, USA; (T.S.); (E.B.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Emily Bowman
- Biology Department, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR 71998, USA; (T.S.); (E.B.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Nathan S. Reyna
- Biology Department, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR 71998, USA; (T.S.); (E.B.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.J.-P.); (S.V.J.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Issam Makhoul
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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Gnocchi D, Nikolic D, Paparella RR, Sabbà C, Mazzocca A. Cellular Adaptation Takes Advantage of Atavistic Regression Programs during Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3942. [PMID: 37568758 PMCID: PMC10416974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of cancer cells to extreme microenvironmental conditions (i.e., hypoxia, high acidity, and reduced nutrient availability) contributes to cancer resilience. Furthermore, neoplastic transformation can be envisioned as an extreme adaptive response to tissue damage or chronic injury. The recent Systemic-Evolutionary Theory of the Origin of Cancer (SETOC) hypothesizes that cancer cells "revert" to "primitive" characteristics either ontogenically (embryo-like) or phylogenetically (single-celled organisms). This regression may confer robustness and maintain the disordered state of the tissue, which is a hallmark of malignancy. Changes in cancer cell metabolism during adaptation may also be the consequence of altered microenvironmental conditions, often resulting in a shift toward lactic acid fermentation. However, the mechanisms underlying the robust adaptive capacity of cancer cells remain largely unknown. In recent years, cancer cells' metabolic flexibility has received increasing attention among researchers. Here, we focus on how changes in the microenvironment can affect cancer cell energy production and drug sensitivity. Indeed, changes in the cellular microenvironment may lead to a "shift" toward "atavistic" biologic features, such as the switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to lactic acid fermentation, which can also sustain drug resistance. Finally, we point out new integrative metabolism-based pharmacological approaches and potential biomarkers for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Mazzocca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.G.); (D.N.); (R.R.P.); (C.S.)
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Arena GO, Forte S, Abdouh M, Vanier C, Corbeil D, Lorico A. Horizontal Transfer of Malignant Traits and the Involvement of Extracellular Vesicles in Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:1566. [PMID: 37371036 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are responsible for the vast majority of cancer deaths, yet most therapeutic efforts have focused on targeting and interrupting tumor growth rather than impairing the metastatic process. Traditionally, cancer metastasis is attributed to the dissemination of neoplastic cells from the primary tumor to distant organs through blood and lymphatic circulation. A thorough understanding of the metastatic process is essential to develop new therapeutic strategies that improve cancer survival. Since Paget's original description of the "Seed and Soil" hypothesis over a hundred years ago, alternative theories and new players have been proposed. In particular, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cancer cells and their uptake by neighboring cells or at distinct anatomical sites has been explored. Here, we will outline and discuss these alternative theories and emphasize the horizontal transfer of EV-associated biomolecules as a possibly major event leading to cell transformation and the induction of metastases. We will also highlight the recently discovered intracellular pathway used by EVs to deliver their cargoes into the nucleus of recipient cells, which is a potential target for novel anti-metastatic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goffredo O Arena
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Mohamed Abdouh
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Cheryl Vanier
- Touro University Nevada College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
- Touro University Nevada College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
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Farahmand Y, Tehrany PM, Nazari A, Nava ZH, Alsaffar MF, Yazdani O, Adili A, Esbati R, Ghafouri K. A comprehensive survey into the role of exosomes in pancreatic cancer; from the origin of cancer to the progress and possibility of diagnosis and treatment. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154465. [PMID: 37119731 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor in the world, which has a high mortality rate due to high invasiveness, early metastases, lack of specific symptoms, and high invasiveness. Recent studies have shown that exosomes can be essential sources of biomarkers in pancreatic cancer. Over the past ten years, exosomes have been implicated in multiple trials to prevent the growth and metastasis of many cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Exosomes also play essential roles in immune evasion, invasion, metastasis, proliferation, apoptosis, drug resistance, and cancer stemness. Exosomes help cells communicate by carrying proteins and genetic material, such as non-coding RNAs, including mRNAs and microRNAs. This review examines the biological significance of exosomes in pancreatic cancer and their functions in tumor invasion, metastasis, treatment resistance, proliferation, stemness, and immune evasion. We also emphasize recent advances in our understanding of the main functions of exosomes in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Farahmand
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooya M Tehrany
- Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Bani, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marwa Fadhil Alsaffar
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq
| | - Omid Yazdani
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Adili
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Romina Esbati
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kimia Ghafouri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Effects of the Exposure of Human Non-Tumour Cells to Sera of Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102588. [PMID: 36289850 PMCID: PMC9599555 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has high metastatic potential. The “genometastasis” theory proposes that the blood of some cancer patients contains elements able to transform healthy cells by transferring oncogenes. Since findings on genometastasis in PDAC are still scarce, we sought supporting evidence by treating non-tumour HEK293T and hTERT-HPNE human cell lines with sera of PDAC patients. Here, we showed that HEK293T cells have undergone malignant transformation, increased the migration and invasion abilities, and acquired a partial chemoresistance, whereas hTERT-HPNE cells were almost refractory to transformation by patients’ sera. Next-generation sequencing showed that transformed HEK293T cells gained and lost several genomic regions, harbouring genes involved in many cancer-associated processes. Our results support the genometastasis theory, but further studies are needed for the identification of the circulating transforming elements. Such elements could also be useful biomarkers in liquid biopsy assays.
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Characterization of Extracellular vesicles isolated from different Liquid biopsies of uveal melanoma patients. J Circ Biomark 2022; 11:36-47. [PMID: 35784590 PMCID: PMC9238429 DOI: 10.33393/jcb.2022.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in adults. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively studied as a biomarker to monitor disease in patients. The study of new biomarkers in melanoma patients could prevent metastasis by earlier diagnosis. In this study, we determined the proteomic profile of EVs isolated from aqueous humor (AH), vitreous humor (VH), and plasma from UM patients in comparison with cancer-free control patients. Methods: AH, VH and plasma were collected from seven patients with UM after enucleation; AH and plasma were collected from seven cancer-free patients with cataract (CAT; control group). EVs were isolated using the membrane-based affinity binding column method. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was performed to determine the size and concentration of EVs. EV markers, CD63 and TSG101, were assessed by immunoblotting, and the EV proteome was characterized by mass spectrometry. Results: Mean EV concentration was higher in all analytes of UM patients compared to those in the CAT group. In the UM cohort, the mean concentration of EVs was significantly lower in AH and plasma than in VH. In contrast, the mean size and size distribution of EVs was invariably identical in all analyzed analytes and in both studied groups (UM vs. CAT). Mass spectrometry analyses from the different analytes from UM patients showed the presence of EV markers. Conclusion: EVs isolated from AH, VH, and plasma from patients with UM showed consistent profiles and support the use of blood to monitor UM patients as a noninvasive liquid biopsy.
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Allelein S, Aerchlimann K, Rösch G, Khajehamiri R, Kölsch A, Freese C, Kuhlmeier D. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)-Positive Extracellular Vesicles in Urine-A Potential Liquid Biopsy Strategy for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122987. [PMID: 35740652 PMCID: PMC9221222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) to communicate with adjacent and distant cells. Consequently, circulating EVs are found in all bodily fluids, providing information applicable for liquid biopsy in early cancer diagnosis. Studies observed an overexpression of the membrane-bound prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on prostate cancer cells. To investigate whether EVs derived from communicating prostate cells allow for reliable conclusions on prostate cancer development, we isolated PSMA-positive, as well as CD9-positive, EVs from cell-free urine with the use of magnetic beads. These populations of EVs were subsequently compared to CD9-positive EVs isolated from female urine in Western blotting, indicating the successful isolation of prostate-derived and ubiquitous EVs, respectively. Furthermore, we developed a device with an adapted protocol that enables an automated immunomagnetic enrichment of EVs of large sample volumes (up to 10 mL), while simultaneously reducing the overall bead loss and hands-on time. With an in-house spotted antibody microarray, we characterized PSMA as well as other EV surface markers of a prostate cohort of 44 urine samples in a more simplified way. In conclusion, the automated and specific enrichment of EVs from urine has a high potential for future diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Allelein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.A.); (A.K.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Keshia Aerchlimann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.A.); (A.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Gundula Rösch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems (IMM), 55129 Mainz, Germany; (G.R.); (R.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Roxana Khajehamiri
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems (IMM), 55129 Mainz, Germany; (G.R.); (R.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Andreas Kölsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.A.); (A.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Christian Freese
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems (IMM), 55129 Mainz, Germany; (G.R.); (R.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Dirk Kuhlmeier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.A.); (A.K.); (D.K.)
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12
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Understanding the Correlation between Metabolic Regulator SIRT1 and Exosomes with CA-125 in Ovarian Cancer: A Clinicopathological Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5346091. [PMID: 35496046 PMCID: PMC9053760 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5346091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OvCa), the deadliest gynaecological malignancy, is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Ovarian cancer has been related with CA-125 and metabolic reprogramming by SIRT1 leading to metastasis with the involvement of exosomes. Methods Clinicopathological data of OvCa patients were collected to perform the analysis. Patients' samples were collected during surgery for immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric analysis of SIRT1, HIF-1α, exosomal markers (CD81 and CD63), ki-67, and PAS staining for glycogen deposition. Adjacent normal and tumor tissues were collected as per the CA-125 levels. Results CA-125, a vital diagnostic marker, has shown significant correlation with body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0153), tumor type (P = 0.0029), ascites level, ascites malignancy, degree of dissemination, tumor differentiation, FIGO stage, TNM stage, laterality, and tumor size at P < 0.0001. Since significant correlation was associated with BMI and degree of dissemination, as disclosed by IHC analysis, metabolic marker SIRT1 (P = 0.0003), HIF-1α (P < 0.0001), exosomal marker CD81 (P < 0.0001), ki-67 status (P = 0.0034), and glycogen deposition (P <0.0001) were expressed more in tumor tissues as compared to the normal ones. ROC analysis of CA-125 had shown 327.7 U/ml has the best cutoff point with 82.4% sensitivity and specificity of 52.3%. In addition, Kaplan-Meier plots of CA-125 (P < 0.0001), BMI (P = 0.001), degree of dissemination (P < 0.0001), and ascites level (P <0.0001) reflected significant correlation with overall survival (OS). Upon multivariate Cox-regression analysis for overall survival (OS), BMI (P = 0.008, HR 1.759, 95% CI 1.156-2.677), ascites malignancy (P = 0.032, HR 0.336, 95% CI 0.124-0.911), and degree of dissemination (P = 0.004, HR 1.994, 95% CI 1.251-3.178) were significant proving to be independent indicators of the disease. Conclusion Clinicopathological parameters like BMI, degree of dissemination, and ascites level along with CA-125 can be prognostic factors for the disease. Levels of CA-125 can depict the metabolic and metastatic factors. Thus, by targeting SIRT1 and assessing exosomal concentrations to overcome metastasis and glycogen deposition, individualized treatment strategy could be designed. In-depth studies are still required.
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13
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Uthamacumaran A, Elouatik S, Abdouh M, Berteau-Rainville M, Gao ZH, Arena G. Machine learning characterization of cancer patients-derived extracellular vesicles using vibrational spectroscopies: results from a pilot study. APPL INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10489-022-03203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Rao VS, Gu Q, Tzschentke S, Lin K, Ganig N, Thepkaysone ML, Wong FC, Polster H, Seifert L, Seifert AM, Buck N, Riediger C, Weiße J, Gutschner T, Michen S, Temme A, Schneider M, Baenke F, Weitz J, Kahlert C. Extravesicular TIMP-1 is a non-invasive independent prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in colorectal liver metastases. Oncogene 2022; 41:1809-1820. [PMID: 35140332 PMCID: PMC8933275 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular reprogramming of stromal microarchitecture by tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) is proposed to favour pre-metastatic niche formation. We elucidated the role of extravesicular tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1EV) in pro-invasive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling of the liver microenvironment to aid tumour progression in colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a high expression of stromal TIMP1 in the invasion front that was associated with poor progression-free survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases. Molecular analysis identified TIMP1EV enrichment in CRC-EVs as a major factor in the induction of TIMP1 upregulation in recipient fibroblasts. Mechanistically, we proved that EV-mediated TIMP1 upregulation in recipient fibroblasts induced ECM remodelling. This effect was recapitulated by human serum-derived EVs providing strong evidence that CRC release active EVs into the blood circulation of patients for the horizontal transfer of malignant traits to recipient cells. Moreover, EV-associated TIMP1 binds to HSP90AA, a heat-shock protein, and the inhibition of HSP90AA on human-derived serum EVs attenuates TIMP1EV-mediated ECM remodelling, rendering EV-associated TIMP1 a potential therapeutic target. Eventually, in accordance with REMARK guidelines, we demonstrated in three independent cohorts that EV-bound TIMP1 is a robust circulating biomarker for a non-invasive, preoperative risk stratification in patients with colorectal liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Sadananda Rao
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Qianyu Gu
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Tzschentke
- Department of Medicine, Haematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kuailu Lin
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Ganig
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - May-Linn Thepkaysone
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fang Cheng Wong
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Polster
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lena Seifert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian M Seifert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Buck
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carina Riediger
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Weiße
- Junior Research Group 'RNA Biology and Pathogenesis', Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group 'RNA Biology and Pathogenesis', Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Susanne Michen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumour Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumour Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Baenke
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Santos MF, Rappa G, Karbanová J, Fontana S, Bella MAD, Pope MR, Parrino B, Cascioferro SM, Vistoli G, Diana P, Cirrincione G, Arena GO, Woo G, Huang K, Huynh T, Moschetti M, Alessandro R, Corbeil D, Lorico A. Itraconazole inhibits nuclear delivery of extracellular vesicle cargo by disrupting the entry of late endosomes into the nucleoplasmic reticulum. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12132. [PMID: 34429859 PMCID: PMC8363911 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of intercellular communication under both healthy and pathological conditions, including the induction of pro-metastatic traits, but it is not yet known how and where functional cargoes of EVs are delivered to their targets in host cell compartments. We have described that after endocytosis, EVs reach Rab7+ late endosomes and a fraction of these enter the nucleoplasmic reticulum and transport EV biomaterials to the host cell nucleoplasm. Their entry therein and docking to outer nuclear membrane occur through a tripartite complex formed by the proteins VAP-A, ORP3 and Rab7 (VOR complex). Here, we report that the antifungal compound itraconazole (ICZ), but not its main metabolite hydroxy-ICZ or ketoconazole, disrupts the binding of Rab7 to ORP3-VAP-A complexes, leading to inhibition of EV-mediated pro-metastatic morphological changes including cell migration behaviour of colon cancer cells. With novel, smaller chemical drugs, inhibition of the VOR complex was maintained, although the ICZ moieties responsible for antifungal activity and interference with intracellular cholesterol distribution were removed. Knowing that cancer cells hijack their microenvironment and that EVs derived from them determine the pre-metastatic niche, small-sized inhibitors of nuclear transfer of EV cargo into host cells could find cancer therapeutic applications, particularly in combination with direct targeting of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F. Santos
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Germana Rappa
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | | | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Stella Maria Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie BiologicheChimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Goffredo O. Arena
- Department of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Fondazione Istituto G. GiglioCefalùItaly
| | - Gyunghwi Woo
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Kevin Huang
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Tony Huynh
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
| | - Marta Moschetti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB)National Research Council (CNR)PalermoItaly
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Centre and Centre for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of MedicineTouro University NevadaHendersonNevadaUSA
- Mediterranean Institute of OncologyViagrandeItaly
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16
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Bahrami A, Moradi Binabaj M, A Ferns G. Exosomes: Emerging modulators of signal transduction in colorectal cancer from molecular understanding to clinical application. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111882. [PMID: 34218003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small cell derived membrane nano-vesicles that carry various components including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. There is accumulating evidence that exosomes have a role in tumorigenesis, tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Furthermore, oncogene mutation may influence exosome release from tumor cells. Exosomes may induce colorectal cancer by altering signaling cascades such as the Wnt/β-catenin and KRAS pathways that are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, dissemination, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. The aim of this review was to overview recent findings evaluating the association between tumor cells-derived exosomes and their content in modulating signaling pathways in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
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17
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Abdouh M, Tabah R, Arena V, Arena M, Gao ZH, Lorico A, Arena GO. Oncosuppressor-Mutated Cell-Based Diagnostic Platform for Liquid Biopsy Diagnoses Benign Head and Neck Masses and Predicts Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules: Results from a Consecutive Cohort of Patients. Eur Thyroid J 2021; 10:285-294. [PMID: 34395300 PMCID: PMC8314779 DOI: 10.1159/000516421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reported that a novel oncosuppressor-mutated cell (OMC)-based platform has the potential for early cancer detection in healthy individuals and for identification of cancer patients at risk of developing metachronous metastases. OBJECTIVE Herein, we sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of this novel OMC-based platform in a consecutive cohort of patients operated for suspicious head and neck masses. METHODS OMCs (BRCA1-deficient fibroblasts) were exposed to blood serum from patients with head and neck nodules before surgical removal. These cells were analyzed for their proliferation and survival. Treated OMCs were inoculated subcutaneously in NOD/SCID mice, and tumor growth was monitored over time. RESULTS OMCs exposed to serum from patients with malignant lesions displayed increased proliferation compared to those exposed to serum from patients with benign lesions. Only OMCs exposed to serum from patients diagnosed with malignant thyroid neoplasia generated a cancerous mass. The sensitivity of the test was 92%, with only 1 false negative out of 34 patients. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the cancerous masses were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas with high proliferative index. CONCLUSIONS These data show that liquid biopsy combined with an OMC-based in vivo platform has the potential to diagnose benign head and neck masses and predict whether a thyroid nodule is malignant. These results strengthen the concept that OMCs can be used to detect circulating malignant factors in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdouh
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Roger Tabah
- Department of Surgery and Department of Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santo Bambino Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Manuel Arena
- Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio Cefalù, Pisciotto, Italy
| | - Zu-hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, Nevada, USA
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Goffredo Orazio Arena
- Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio Cefalù, Pisciotto, Italy
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Italy
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, St. Mary Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- *Goffredo Orazio Arena,
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18
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Pang H, Liu L, Sun X, Xi W, Bao Y, Wu L, Shan J, Wang Z, Guo Y, Zhao C. Exosomes derived from colon cancer cells and plasma of colon cancer patients promote migration of SW480 cells through Akt/mTOR pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 222:153454. [PMID: 33930827 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of exosomes derived from colon cancer (CC) cells and plasma of CC patients on migration of SW480 cells. METHODS The exosomes derived from culture medium of human colon epithelial cell line NCM460 and CC cell line SW620 were isolated by ultracentrifugation. The exosomes derived from plasma of CC patients and healthy controls were isolated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The particle size and morphology of exosomes were identified by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively, and exosomal markers were detected by Western blotting. The uptake of fluorescent DiI labeled exosomes by SW480 cells was observed by confocal microscopy. Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of exosomes on the migration of SW480 cells. The expression level of associated proteins in signaling pathway were analyzed by Western blotting. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, was used to study the role of mTOR signaling pathway on exosomes mediated migration of SW480 cells. RESULTS The results of NTA and TEM showed that the particle size of the isolated exosomes was about 120 nm, which were small vesicles with membrane structure. The expressions of exosomal markers Alix, TSG101 and CD63 could be detected. The exosomes were evidenced by a red fluorescent signal inside the cytoplasm of SW480 recipient cells, and could promote the migration of SW480 cells, which is associated with Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Compared with the control group, plasma exosomes derived from CC patients could significantly promote the migration of SW480 cells. Inhibition the activity of mTOR signaling could attenuate the migration of SW480 cells. CONCLUSIONS Exosomes derived from CC cells and plasma of CC patients could promote the migration of SW480 cells, which is associated with Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Pang
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobin Sun
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Weidong Xi
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Liping Wu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shan
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanbiao Guo
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Cong Zhao
- Chengdu First People' s Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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19
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Stefanius K, Servage K, Orth K. Exosomes in cancer development. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 66:83-92. [PMID: 33477017 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted small extracellular vesicles (EVs) packaged with diverse biological cargo. They mediate complex intercellular communications among cells in maintenance of normal physiology or to trigger profound disease progression. Increasing numbers of studies have identified exosome-mediated functions contributing to cancer progression, including roles in paracrine cell-to-cell communication, stromal reprogramming, angiogenesis, and immune responses. Despite the growing body of knowledge, the specific role of exosomes in mediating pre-cancerous conditions is not fully understood and their ability to transform a healthy cell is still controversial. Here we review recent studies describing functions attributed to exosomes in different stages of carcinogenesis. We also explore how exosomes ultimately contribute to the progression of a primary tumor to metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliina Stefanius
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Kelly Servage
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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20
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miR-210 and miR-152 as Biomarkers by Liquid Biopsy in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11010031. [PMID: 33419057 PMCID: PMC7825421 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting circulating microRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) by means of liquid biopsy is an important tool for the early diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer (BC). We aimed to identify and validate miR-210 and miR-152 as non-invasive circulating biomarkers, for the diagnosis and staging of BC patients, confirming their involvement in tumor angiogenesis. Methods: RT-qPCR was performed and MiRNA expression analysis was obtained from plasma and fragments of BC and benign breast condition (BBC) women patients, plus healthy subjects. Additionally, the immunohistochemistry technique was carried out to analyze the expression of target proteins. Results: Tumor fragments showed increased expression of oncomiR-210 and decreased expression of miR-152 tumoral suppressor. Both miRNAs were increased in plasma samples from BC patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that only the expression of oncomiR-210 in tissue samples and only the expression of the miR-152 suppressor in plasma have the appropriate sensitivity and specificity for use as differential biomarkers between early/intermediate and advanced stages of BC patients. In addition, there was an increase in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in BC patients. On the contrary, a decrease in Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) protein expression was observed. Conclusions: This study showed that increased levels of miR-210 and decreased levels of miR152, in addition to the expressions of their target proteins, could indicate, respectively, the oncogenic and tumor suppressive role of these miRNAs in fragments. Both miRNAs are potential diagnostic biomarkers for BC by liquid biopsy. In addition, miR-152 proved to be a promising biomarker for disease staging.
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21
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Koçana CÇ, Toprak SF, Sözer S. Extracellular genetic materials and their application in clinical practice. Cancer Genet 2020; 252-253:48-63. [PMID: 33387935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study reviews the possible origins, functional roles, and diagnostic applications of 'extracellular genetic material' (EGM), a novel term introduced to cover DNA, RNA, and DNA/RNA-related molecules released from all types of cells into the extracellular region. The literature on EGMs shows them to play a dual role in diverse, fine-tuning mechanisms involved in both homeostasis and pathological events, including cancerogenesis and genometastasis. Recent developments in the next-generation technology have provided successful applications of low quantities of genomic materials into the diagnostic field, yielding high sensitivity and specificity in test results. Also, the successful application of EGMs into diagnostics has afforded promising outcomes for researchers and clinicians. This study of EGM provides a deeper understanding of the subject as an area of interest, especially cell-free DNA, aiming toward the eventual development of new therapeutic applications and diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Çağıl Koçana
- Department of Genetic, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Fulya Toprak
- Department of Genetic, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Sözer
- Department of Genetic, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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22
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Tsering T, Laskaris A, Abdouh M, Bustamante P, Parent S, Jin E, Ferrier ST, Arena G, Burnier JV. Uveal Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Display Transforming Potential and Carry Protein Cargo Involved in Metastatic Niche Preparation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102923. [PMID: 33050649 PMCID: PMC7600758 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry molecules derived from donor cells and are able to alter the properties of recipient cells. They are important players during the genesis and progression of tumors. Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults and is associated with a high rate of metastasis, primarily to the liver. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed the oncogenic potential of UM-derived EVs and their protein signature. We isolated and characterized EVs from five UM cell lines and from normal choroidal melanocytes (NCMs). BRCA1-deficient fibroblasts (Fibro-BKO) were exposed to the EVs and analyzed for their growth in vitro and their reprograming potential in vivo following inoculation into NOD-SCID mice. Mass spectrometry of proteins from UM-EVs and NCM-EVs was performed to determine a protein signature that could elucidate potential key players in UM progression. In-depth analyses showed the presence of exosomal markers, and proteins involved in cell-cell and focal adhesion, endocytosis, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Notably, we observed high expression levels of HSP90, HSP70 and integrin V in UM-EVs. Our data bring new evidence on the involvement of UM-EVs in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thupten Tsering
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Alexander Laskaris
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Mohamed Abdouh
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Prisca Bustamante
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Sabrina Parent
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Eva Jin
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Sarah Tadhg Ferrier
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Goffredo Arena
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
- Ospedale Giuseppe Giglio Fondazione San Raffaele Cefalu Sicily, 90015 Cefalu, Italy
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Julia V. Burnier
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-934-1934 (ext. 76307)
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23
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Shoucair I, Weber Mello F, Jabalee J, Maleki S, Garnis C. The Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Extracellular Vesicles in Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186837. [PMID: 32957712 PMCID: PMC7555043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in the communication between cancer cells and stromal components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this context, cancer cell-derived EVs can regulate the activation of a CAF phenotype in TME cells, which can be mediated by several EV cargos (e.g., miRNA, proteins, mRNA and lncRNAs). On the other hand, CAF-derived EVs can mediate several processes during tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. This review aimed to discuss the molecular aspects of EV-based cross-talk between CAFs and cancer cells during tumorigenesis, in addition to assessing the roles of EV cargo in therapy resistance and pre-metastatic niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issraa Shoucair
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (I.S.); (F.W.M.); (J.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Fernanda Weber Mello
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (I.S.); (F.W.M.); (J.J.); (S.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88.040-370, Brazil
| | - James Jabalee
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (I.S.); (F.W.M.); (J.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Saeideh Maleki
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (I.S.); (F.W.M.); (J.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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24
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Corbeil D, Santos MF, Karbanová J, Kurth T, Rappa G, Lorico A. Uptake and Fate of Extracellular Membrane Vesicles: Nucleoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Late Endosomes as a New Gate to Intercellular Communication. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091931. [PMID: 32825578 PMCID: PMC7563309 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) are emerging as new vehicles in intercellular communication, but how the biological information contained in EVs is shared between cells remains elusive. Several mechanisms have been described to explain their release from donor cells and the initial step of their uptake by recipient cells, which triggers a cellular response. Yet, the intracellular routes and subcellular fate of EV content upon internalization remain poorly characterized. This is particularly true for EV-associated proteins and nucleic acids that shuttle to the nucleus of host cells. In this review, we will describe and discuss the release of EVs from donor cells, their uptake by recipient cells, and the fate of their cargoes, focusing on a novel intracellular route wherein small GTPase Rab7+ late endosomes containing endocytosed EVs enter into nuclear envelope invaginations and deliver their cargo components to the nucleoplasm of recipient cells. A tripartite protein complex composed of (VAMP)-associated protein A (VAP-A), oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein-3 (ORP3), and Rab7 is essential for the transfer of EV-derived components to the nuclear compartment by orchestrating the particular localization of late endosomes in the nucleoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +49-(0)351-463-40118 (D.C.); +1-(702)-777-3942 (A.L.); Fax: +49-(0)351-463-40244 (D.C.); +1-(702)-777-1758 (A.L.)
| | - Mark F. Santos
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV 89014, USA; (M.F.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.K.)
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden and CMCB, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.K.)
| | - Germana Rappa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV 89014, USA; (M.F.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV 89014, USA; (M.F.S.); (G.R.)
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Via Penninazzo, 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +49-(0)351-463-40118 (D.C.); +1-(702)-777-3942 (A.L.); Fax: +49-(0)351-463-40244 (D.C.); +1-(702)-777-1758 (A.L.)
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25
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Cossu AM, Scrima M, Lombardi A, Grimaldi A, Russo M, Ottaiano A, Caraglia M, Bocchetti M. Future directions and management of liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:239-252. [PMID: 36046776 PMCID: PMC9400731 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents the world’s most common cause of cancer death. In recent years, we moved from a generic therapeutic strategy to a personalized approach, based on the molecular characterization of the tumor. In this view, liquid biopsy is becoming an important tool for assessing the progress or onset of lung disease. Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive procedure able to isolate circulating tumor cells, tumor educated platelets, exosomes and free circulating tumor DNA from body fluids. The characterization of these liquid biomarkers can help to choose the therapeutic strategy for each different case. In this review, the authors will analyze the main aspects of lung cancer and the applications currently in use focusing on the benefits associated with this approach for predicting the prognosis and monitoring the clinical conditions of lung cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Maria Cossu
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Scrima
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Grimaldi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Russo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, SSD-Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Cancers, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Bocchetti
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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26
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Malkin EZ, Bratman SV. Bioactive DNA from extracellular vesicles and particles. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:584. [PMID: 32719324 PMCID: PMC7385258 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) have recently emerged as active carriers of molecular biomarkers and mediators of intercellular communication. While most investigations have focused exclusively on the protein, lipid and RNA constituents of these extracellular entities, EV/EP DNA remains poorly understood, despite DNA being found in association with virtually all EV/EP populations. The functional potential of EV/EP DNA has been proposed in a number of pathological states, including malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, the effectiveness of cell-free DNA as the biomarker of choice in emerging liquid biopsy applications highlights the role that EV/EP DNA may play as a novel disease biomarker. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of EV/EP DNA studies conducted to date, with a particular focus on the roles of EV/EP DNA as a functional mediator and molecular biomarker in various pathologic states. We also review what is currently known about the origins, structure, localisation and distribution of EV/EP DNA, highlighting current controversies as well as opportunities for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Z Malkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Proteomic Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Implicated in Cellular Transformation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7713. [PMID: 32382024 PMCID: PMC7205864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles secreted from tumor cells are functional vehicles capable of contributing to intercellular communication and metastasis. A growing number of studies have focused on elucidating the role that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles play in spreading pancreatic cancer to other organs, due to the highly metastatic nature of the disease. We recently showed that small extracellular vesicles secreted from pancreatic cancer cells could initiate malignant transformation of healthy cells. Here, we analyzed the protein cargo contained within these vesicles using mass spectrometry-based proteomics to better understand their makeup and biological characteristics. Three different human pancreatic cancer cell lines were compared to normal pancreatic epithelial cells revealing distinct differences in protein cargo between cancer and normal vesicles. Vesicles from cancer cells contain an enrichment of proteins that function in the endosomal compartment of cells responsible for vesicle formation and secretion in addition to proteins that have been shown to contribute to oncogenic cell transformation. Conversely, vesicles from normal pancreatic cells were shown to be enriched for immune response proteins. Collectively, results contribute to what we know about the cargo contained within or excluded from cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles, supporting their role in biological processes including metastasis and cancer progression.
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28
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Naderi-Meshkin H, Lai X, Amirkhah R, Vera J, Rasko JEJ, Schmitz U. Exosomal lncRNAs and cancer: connecting the missing links. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:352-360. [PMID: 30649349 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are potent and clinically valuable tools for early diagnosis, prognosis and potentially the targeted treatment of cancer. The content of EVs is closely related to the type and status of the EV-secreting cell. Circulating exosomes are a source of stable RNAs including mRNAs, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Results This review outlines the links between EVs, lncRNAs and cancer. We highlight communication networks involving the tumor microenvironment, the immune system and metastasis. We show examples supporting the value of exosomal lncRNAs as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We demonstrate how a system biology approach can be used to model cell-cell communication via exosomal lncRNAs and to simulate effects of therapeutic interventions. In addition, we introduce algorithms and bioinformatics resources for the discovery of tumor-specific lncRNAs and tools that are applied to determine exosome content and lncRNA function. Finally, this review provides a comprehensive collection and guide to databases for exosomal lncRNAs. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Nastaran Center for Cancer Prevention, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Xin Lai
- Laboratory of Systems Tumour Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raheleh Amirkhah
- Nastaran Center for Cancer Prevention, Mashhad, Iran.,Reza Institute of Cancer Bioinformatics and Personalized Medicine, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumour Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John E J Rasko
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ulf Schmitz
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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29
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Phenotypic Switching of Naïve T Cells to Immune-Suppressive Treg-Like Cells by Mutant KRAS. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101726. [PMID: 31635338 PMCID: PMC6832522 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic (mutant) Ras protein Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) promotes uncontrolled proliferation, altered metabolism, and loss of genome integrity in a cell-intrinsic manner. Here, we demonstrate that CD4+ T cells when incubated with tumor-derived exosomes from mutant (MT) KRAS non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, patient sera, or a mouse xenograft model, induce phenotypic conversion to FOXP3+ Treg-like cells that are immune-suppressive. Furthermore, transfecting T cells with MT KRAS cDNA alone induced phenotypic switching and mathematical modeling supported this conclusion. Single-cell sequencing identified the interferon pathway as the mechanism underlying the phenotypic switch. These observations highlight a novel cytokine-independent, cell-extrinsic role for KRAS in T cell phenotypic switching. Thus, targeting this new class of Tregs represents a unique therapeutic approach for NSCLC. Since KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in a wide variety of cancers, the findings of this investigation are likely to be of broad interest and have a large scientific impact.
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30
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Wu B, Sun D, Ma L, Deng Y, Zhang S, Dong L, Chen S. Exosomes isolated from CAPS1‑overexpressing colorectal cancer cells promote cell migration. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2528-2536. [PMID: 31638236 PMCID: PMC6826328 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium‑dependent activator protein for secretion 1 (CAPS1) has been reported to promote metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The present study revealed that exosomes derived from CAPS1‑overexpressing CRC cells could enhance the migration of normal colonic epithelial FHC cells. GW4869, an inhibitor of exosomes, could attenuate the migration of FHC cells. Furthermore, liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry (LC‑MS) and bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that overexpression of CAPS1 could alter the expression pattern of exosomal proteins involved in cell migration. Bone morphogenetic protein 4, which may serve vital roles in the process of CAPS1‑induced cell migration, was downregulated in the exosomes. In summary, the present results demonstrated that CAPS1 promotes cell migration by regulating exosomes. Inhibiting the secretion of exosomes may be helpful for the treatment of patients with metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research (Ministry of Public Health), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dalong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Ma
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yiran Deng
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research (Ministry of Public Health), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research (Ministry of Public Health), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - She Chen
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research (Ministry of Public Health), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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31
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Park KS, Bandeira E, Shelke GV, Lässer C, Lötvall J. Enhancement of therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:288. [PMID: 31547882 PMCID: PMC6757418 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After the initial investigations into applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cell therapy, there was increased interest in their secreted soluble factors. Following studies of MSCs and their secreted factors, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from MSCs have emerged as a new mode of intercellular crosstalk. MSC-derived EVs have been identified as essential signaling mediators under both physiological and pathological conditions, and they appear to be responsible for many of the therapeutic effects of MSCs. In several in vitro and in vivo models, EVs have been observed to have supportive functions in modulating the immune system, mainly mediated by EV-associated proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, stimulation of MSCs with biophysical or biochemical cues, including EVs from other cells, has been shown to influence the contents and biological activities of subsequent MSC-derived EVs. This review provides on overview of the contents of MSC-derived EVs in terms of their supportive effects, and it provides different perspectives on the manipulation of MSCs to improve the secretion of EVs and subsequent EV-mediated activities. In this review, we discuss the possibilities for manipulating MSCs for EV-based cell therapy and for using EVs to affect the expression of elements of interest in MSCs. In this way, we provide a clear perspective on the state of the art of EVs in cell therapy focusing on MSCs, and we raise pertinent questions and suggestions for knowledge gaps to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Su Park
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Elga Bandeira
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ganesh V Shelke
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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32
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Fu M, Tang W, Liu JJ, Gong XQ, Kong L, Yao XM, Jing M, Cai FY, Li XT, Ju RJ. Combination of targeted daunorubicin liposomes and targeted emodin liposomes for treatment of invasive breast cancer. J Drug Target 2019; 28:245-258. [PMID: 31462111 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1656725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional treatment fails to completely eliminate highly invasive breast cancer cells, and most surviving breast cancer cells tend to reproliferate and metastasize by forming vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels. Thus, a type of targeted liposomes was developed by modification with arginine8-glycine-aspartic acid (R8GD) to encapsulate daunorubicin and emodin separately. A combination of the two targeted liposomes was then developed to destroy VM channels and inhibit tumour metastasis. MDA-MB-435S cells, a highly invasive breast cancer, were then evaluated in vitro and in mice. The experiments indicated that R8GD modified daunorubicin liposomes plus R8GD modified emodin liposomes had small particle size, uniform particle size distribution and high drug encapsulation rate. The combination of the two targeted liposomes exerted strong toxicity on the MDA-MB-435S cells and effectively inhibited the formation of VM channels and the metastasis of tumour cells. Action mechanism studies showed that the R8GD modified daunorubicin liposomes plus R8GD modified emodin liposomes could downregulate some metastasis-related proteins, including MMP-2, VE-cad, TGF-β1 and HIF-1α. These studies also demonstrated that the targeted liposomes allowed the chemotherapeutic drug to selectively accumulate at tumour site, thus exhibiting a distinct antitumor effect. Therefore, the combination of targeted daunorubicin liposomes and targeted emodin liposomes can provide a potential treatment for invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Linyi Food and Drug Testing Center, Linyi, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Min Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Fu-Yi Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Tao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Rui-Jun Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Revelo AE, Martin A, Velasquez R, Kulandaisamy PC, Bustamante J, Keshishyan S, Otterson G. Liquid biopsy for lung cancers: an update on recent developments. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:349. [PMID: 31516895 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.03.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy in lung cancer is evolving as an important added tool for screening, early detection, monitoring, and even prognostication of lung cancer. Guidelines and expert recommendations for its use in practice are available and there are specific scenarios in which liquid biopsy is actively being adopted. Several biomarkers, from which important tumor genomic information is obtained, are currently the subject of ongoing investigation. In this review, we summarize the available data on each specific biomarker and provide an overview on how they play a role in current clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto E Revelo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Interventional Pulmonology Section, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alvaro Martin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo Velasquez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Prarthna Chandar Kulandaisamy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jean Bustamante
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sevak Keshishyan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beebe Medical Center, Lewes, Delaware, USA
| | - Gregory Otterson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Abdouh M, Floris M, Gao ZH, Arena V, Arena M, Arena GO. Colorectal cancer-derived extracellular vesicles induce transformation of fibroblasts into colon carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:257. [PMID: 31200749 PMCID: PMC6567673 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reported that horizontal transfer of malignant traits to target cells is a potential pathway to explain cancer dissemination. Although these results were encouraging, they were never corroborated by data showing the molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed phenomenon. METHODS In the present study, we exposed BRCA1-KO fibroblasts to extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from a colon cancer cell line (HT29) and from sera of patients with colorectal cancer. Three weeks after exposure, fibroblasts were injected subcutaneously into NOD-SCID mice. Whole genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis and RNA sequencing of cancer EVs and fibroblasts prior and after exposure to cancer EVs were performed. RESULTS Phenotypical transformation of the fibroblasts into colon cancer cells was confirmed by histopathological study of the xenotransplants. We observed that EV-mediated transfer of cancer microRNAs was responsible for the transition from a mesenchymal to an epithelial phenotype (MET) in the treated fibroblasts as well as activation of cell cycle progression and cell survival pathways. DNA and RNA sequencing suggested that cancer DNA was transferred and possibly transcribed in target cells. Furthermore, injection of colon cancer EVs in the tail vein of NOD-SCID mice determined neoplastic transformation and metastases in the lungs of the mice confirming for the first time the hypothesis that transfer of malignant epithelial cancer traits to distant target cells is a concept applicable to in vivo models. CONCLUSIONS These discoveries shed new light into the molecular mechanisms behind the horizontal transfer of malignant traits and confirm the notion that metastatic disease might be reproduced through transfer of circulating genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdouh
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Matteo Floris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari University, Piazza Universita 11, Sassari, Italy
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santo Bambino Hospital, via Torre del Vescovo 4, Catania, Italy
| | - Manuel Arena
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Organ Transplantation and Advances Technologies, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 84, Catania, Italy
| | - Goffredo Orazio Arena
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, McGill University, St. Mary Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1M5, Canada.
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35
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Stefanius K, Servage K, de Souza Santos M, Gray HF, Toombs JE, Chimalapati S, Kim MS, Malladi VS, Brekken R, Orth K. Human pancreatic cancer cell exosomes, but not human normal cell exosomes, act as an initiator in cell transformation. eLife 2019; 8:40226. [PMID: 31134894 PMCID: PMC6538373 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer evolves through a multistep process that occurs by the temporal accumulation of genetic mutations. Tumor-derived exosomes are emerging contributors to tumorigenesis. To understand how exosomes might contribute to cell transformation, we utilized the classic two-step NIH/3T3 cell transformation assay and observed that exosomes isolated from pancreatic cancer cells, but not normal human cells, can initiate malignant cell transformation and these transformed cells formed tumors in vivo. However, cancer cell exosomes are unable to transform cells alone or to act as a promoter of cell transformation. Utilizing proteomics and exome sequencing, we discovered cancer cell exosomes act as an initiator by inducing random mutations in recipient cells. Cells from the pool of randomly mutated cells are driven to transformation by a classic promoter resulting in foci, each of which encode a unique genetic profile. Our studies describe a novel molecular understanding of how cancer cell exosomes contribute to cell transformation. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that major issues remain unresolved (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliina Stefanius
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Kelly Servage
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Marcela de Souza Santos
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Hillery Fields Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Jason E Toombs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Suneeta Chimalapati
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Min S Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Venkat S Malladi
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Rolf Brekken
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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Sjoqvist S, Kasai Y, Shimura D, Ishikawa T, Ali N, Iwata T, Kanai N. Oral keratinocyte-derived exosomes regulate proliferation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:706-712. [PMID: 31078263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are small membrane-bound particles released by cells. From a therapeutic point of view, EVs can often convey similar biological function as their parent cell. Grafts originating from oral mucosa have frequently been used in regenerative medicine, and we have previously described the use of oral cell sheets to prevent stricture formation of the esophagus. Further, we recently found that exosomes derived from these cell sheets have pro-regenerative effect on skin wound healing. Here, we have isolated exosomes from conditioned media from oral keratinocyte ("OKEx") and dermal fibroblast ("FEx") cultures. The exosomes were probed for classical EV-markers by western blot (CD9, annexin V and Flotillin-1), FEx were positive for all markers while OKEx were positive only for CD9. Tunable resistive pulse sensing indicated a mean size of around 110 nm and transmission electron microscopy showed a spherical morphology, for both groups. After fluorescent labelling, we studied the uptake of exosomes co-cultured with fibroblasts or keratinocytes. Signal from OKEx could be detected after 90 min, and signal could be detected in all groups after 16 h. Finally we studied the exosomes' modulation of cell proliferation. Both groups suppressed proliferation of healthy keratinocyte and fibroblasts, at some doses to similar levels as dexamethasone (a drug commonly used to prevent stricture formation). In contrast, the exosomes also suppressed the proliferation of the carcinoma cell line TR146, while dexamethasone had no effect. In conclusion, we believe that exosome-signaling might be one of the mode-of-actions of cell sheet-therapy for stricture prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sjoqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Kasai
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Nadiah Ali
- Izon Ltd. Science Asia Pacific, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kanai
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu S, Zhan Y, Luo J, Feng J, Lu J, Zheng H, Wen Q, Fan S. Roles of exosomes in the carcinogenesis and clinical therapy of non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:338-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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38
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Oncosuppressor-Mutated Cells as a Liquid Biopsy Test for Cancer-Screening. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2384. [PMID: 30787346 PMCID: PMC6382857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported on the ability of immortalized or oncosuppressor-mutated cells (OMCs) to uptake circulating cancer-factors and give tumors when transplanted into mice. This led to the first biological based liquid biopsy test, which we called MATER-D platform. In the present study, we showed for the first time that a different type of OMCs (PTEN-deficient human epithelial MCF10A cells) turn malignant when exposed to cancer patient’s sera, confirming the concept that different cells with diverse oncosuppressor mutations can uptake cancer factors and be used in biological based liquid biopsy tests. Our observations were confirmed in a large variety of solid and haematological malignancies. This test was able to detect dysplasia and carcinomas in situ lesions in different organs and circulating factors in cancer patients years after the removal of their lesions. To our knowledge, this ability is unique and not shared by other liquid biopsy platforms. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the xenotransplants revealed identical patterns of differentiation regardless of the cancer type, showing that differentiation through horizontal transfer might be dependent on the nature of the target cells rather than the type of cancer factors. These data strengthen the notion that OMC-based liquid biopsy tests might be promising platforms for cancer screening.
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39
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On the Choice of the Extracellular Vesicles for Therapeutic Purposes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020236. [PMID: 30634425 PMCID: PMC6359369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane vesicles released by all human cells and are widely recognized to be involved in many cellular processes, both in physiological and pathological conditions. They are mediators of cell-cell communication, at both paracrine and systemic levels, and therefore they are active players in cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and organ remodeling. Due to their ability to serve as a cargo for proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which often reflects the cellular source, they should be considered the future of the natural nanodelivery of bio-compounds. To date, natural nanovesicles, such as exosomes, have been shown to represent a source of disease biomarkers and have high potential benefits in regenerative medicine. Indeed, they deliver both chemical and bio-molecules in a way that within exosomes drugs are more effective that in their exosome-free form. Thus, to date, we know that exosomes are shuttle disease biomarkers and probably the most effective way to deliver therapeutic molecules within target cells. However, we do not know exactly which exosomes may be used in therapy in avoiding side effects as well. In regenerative medicine, it will be ideal to use autologous exosomes, but it seems not ideal to use plasma-derived exosomes, as they may contain potentially dangerous molecules. Here, we want to present and discuss a contradictory relatively unmet issue that is the lack of a general agreement on the choice for the source of extracellular vesicles for therapeutic use.
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40
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Zhang C, Ji Q, Yang Y, Li Q, Wang Z. Exosome: Function and Role in Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818763450. [PMID: 29681222 PMCID: PMC5949932 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818763450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of nanometric lipidic vesicles, exosomes have been presumed to play a leading role in the regulation of tumor microenvironment through exosomes-mediated transfer of proteins and genetic materials. Tumor-derived exosomes are recognized as a critical determinant of the tumor progression. Intriguingly, some current observations have identified that exosomes are essential for several intercellular exchanges of proteins, messenger RNAs, noncoding RNAs (including long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs) as well as to the process of cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Herein, we review the role of exosomes and their molecular cargos in cancer invasion and metastasis, summarize how they interact with antitumor agents, and highlight their translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Ji
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yang
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqi Wang
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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41
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Tang YT, Huang YY, Li JH, Qin SH, Xu Y, An TX, Liu CC, Wang Q, Zheng L. Alterations in exosomal miRNA profile upon epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lung cancer cell lines. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:802. [PMID: 30400814 PMCID: PMC6219194 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as a critical event during tumor metastasis. Recent studies have revealed changes and the contributions of proteins in/on exosomes during EMT. Besides proteins, microRNA (miRNA) is another important functional component of exosomes. We hypothesized that the miRNA profile of exosomes may change following EMT and these exosomal miRNAs may in return promote EMT, migration and invasion of cancer cells. RESULTS The small RNA profile of exosomes was altered following EMT. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the specific miRNAs of M-exosomes have the potential to drive signal transduction networks in EMT and cancer progression. Co-culture experiments confirmed that M-exosomes can enter epithelial cells and promote migration, invasion and expression of mesenchymal markers in the recipient cells. CONCLUSION Our results reveal changes in the function and miRNA profile of exosomes upon EMT. M-exosomes can promote transfer of the malignant (mesenchymal) phenotype to epithelial recipient cells. Further, the miRNAs specifically expressed in M-exosomes are associated with EMT and metastasis, and may serve as new biomarkers for EMT-like processes in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ting Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yi-Yao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Jing-Huan Li
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire UK
| | - Si-Hua Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Tai-Xue An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Chun-Chen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
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Abudoureyimu M, Zhou H, Zhi Y, Wang T, Feng B, Wang R, Chu X. Recent progress in the emerging role of exosome in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12541. [PMID: 30397975 PMCID: PMC6496614 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles 50‐150 nm in diameter released by a variety of cells, which contain miRNAs, mRNAs and proteins with the potential to regulate signalling pathways in recipient cells. Exosomes deliver nucleic acids and proteins to participate in orchestrating cell‐cell communication and microenvironment modulation. In this review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the role of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review focuses on recent studies on HCC exosomes, considering biogenesis, cargo and their effects on the development and progression of HCC, including chemoresistance, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, metastasis and immune response. Finally, we discuss the clinical application of exosomes as a therapeutic agent for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubalake Abudoureyimu
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingru Zhi
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Galindo-Hernández O, Córdova-Guerrero I, Díaz-Rubio LJ, Pulido-Capiz Á, Díaz-Villanueva JF, Castañeda-Sánchez CY, Serafín-Higuera N, García-González V. Protein translation associated to PERK arm is a new target for regulation of metainflammation: A connection with hepatocyte cholesterol. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4158-4171. [PMID: 30320914 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is a cellular phenomenon that has been associated with metabolic disorders, contributing to the development of obesity, fatty liver disease, and dyslipidemias. Under metabolic overload conditions, in cells with a high protein-secretory activity, such as hepatocytes and Langerhans β cells, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is critical in to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis). UPR integrated by a tripartite signaling system, through activating transcription factor 6, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1, regulates gene transcription and translation to resolve stress and conserve proteostasis. In the current study, we demonstrated in hepatocytes under metabolic overload by saturated palmitic and stearic fatty acids, through activation of PERK signaling and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) transcription factor, an association with the expression of cyclooxygenase 2. More important, isolated exosomes from supernatants of macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharides can also induce a metainflammation phenomenon, and when treated on hepatocytes, induced a rearrangement in cholesterol metabolism through sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein A-I, and ABCA1. Moreover, we demonstrate the cellular effect of terpene-derived molecules, such as cryptotanshinone, isolated of plant Salvia brandegeei, regulating metainflammatory conditions through PERK pathway in both hepatocytes and β cells. Our data suggest the presence of a modulatory mechanism on specific protein translation process. This effect could be mediated by eukaryotic initiation factor-4A, evaluating salubrinal as a control molecule. Likewise, the protective mechanisms of unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic and palmitoleic acid were confirmed. Therefore, modulation of metainflammation suggests a new target through PERK signaling in cells with a high secretory activity, and possibly the regulation of cholesterol in hepatocytes is promoted via exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Galindo-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - Iván Córdova-Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, México
| | - Laura Janeth Díaz-Rubio
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, México
| | - Ángel Pulido-Capiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - José Fernando Díaz-Villanueva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - César Yahel Castañeda-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | | | - Víctor García-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
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Li W, Lu Y, Yu X, Yong M, Ma D, Gao Q. Detection of exosomal tyrosine receptor kinase B as a potential biomarker in ovarian cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:6361-6369. [PMID: 30304550 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a lethal disease diagnosed at advanced stages due to the lack of specific biomarkers. Tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), which has recently been found to be related to OC progression, represents a promising potential biomarker for OC diagnosis and prognosis. The discovery of circulating exosomes as biomarkers for various diseases led us to explore exosomal TrkB in OC. Our previous study proved that the expression of TrkB was elevated in OC tissues. In this study, we focused on the detection of exosomal TrkB in OC. Exosomes were first gathered from three different OC cell lines' conditioned medium, serum samples of patients with OC as well as xenograft mice serum by serial centrifugation method. Then, we identified exosomes by transmission electron microscopy, NanoSight analysis, and expression of typical exosomal protein markers. The existence of TrkB in exosomes was measured by Western blot analysis, and the expression was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In this study, we demonstrated that exosomes could derive from OC cell lines, serum from OC xenograft nude mice, and clinical patients. Our study shows that serum exosomal TrkB may be considered a minimally invasive biomarker for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunhui Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalian Medical University Affiliated Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalian Medical University Affiliated Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Minjie Yong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningxia Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Maia J, Caja S, Strano Moraes MC, Couto N, Costa-Silva B. Exosome-Based Cell-Cell Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018. [PMID: 29515996 PMCID: PMC5826063 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are not isolated entities, but complex systemic networks involving cell-cell communication between transformed and non-transformed cells. The milieu created by tumor-associated cells may either support or halt tumor progression. In addition to cell-cell contact, cells communicate through secreted factors via a highly complex system involving characteristics such as ligand concentration, receptor expression and integration of diverse signaling pathways. Of these, extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are emerging as novel cell-cell communication mediators in physiological and pathological scenarios. Exosomes, membrane vesicles of endocytic origin released by all cells (both healthy and diseased), ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm, transport all the main biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, DNAs, messenger RNAs and microRNA, and perform intercellular transfer of components, locally and systemically. By acting not only in tumor cells, but also in tumor-associated cells such as fibroblasts, endothelium, leukocytes and progenitor cells, tumor- and non-tumor cells-derived exosomes have emerged as new players in tumor growth and invasion, tumor-associated angiogenesis, tissue inflammation and immunologic remodeling. In addition, due to their property of carrying molecules from their cell of origin to the peripheral circulation, exosomes have been increasingly studied as sources of tumor biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Here we review the current literature on the participation of exosomes in the communication between tumor and tumor-associated cells, highlighting the role of this process in the setup of tumor microenvironments that modulate tumor initiation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Maia
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sergio Caja
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Couto
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
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