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Li G, Zhang S, Zou Y, Ai H, Zheng X, Qian K, Lei C, Fu W. The therapeutic potential of exosomes in immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1424081. [PMID: 39040108 PMCID: PMC11260647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1424081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are found in various tissues of the body and carry abundant contents including nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites, which continuously flow between cells of various tissues and mediate important intercellular communication. In addition, exosomes from different cellular sources possess different physiopathological immunomodulatory effects, which are closely related to the immune regeneration of normal or abnormal organs and tissues. Here, we focus on the mechanistic interactions between exosomes and the human immune system, introduce the immuno-regenerative therapeutic potential of exosomes in common clinical immune-related diseases, such as infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumors, and reveal the safety and efficacy of exosomes as a novel cell-free immune regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Li
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yitan Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongru Ai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xinya Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Kewen Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Changhai Lei
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Fu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Vaiaki EM, Falasca M. Comparative analysis of the minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles guidelines: Advancements and implications for extracellular vesicle research. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 101:12-24. [PMID: 38657746 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In 2014, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) introduced the Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) guidelines to establish standards for extracellular vesicle (EV) research. These guidelines aimed to enhance reliability and reproducibility, addressing the expanding field of EV science. EVs, membrane-bound particles released by cells, play crucial roles in intercellular communication and are potential biomarkers for various conditions. Over the years, the EV landscape witnessed a surge in publications, emphasizing their roles in cancer and immune modulation. In response, the MISEV guidelines underwent evolution, leading to the MISEV2018 update. This version, generated through community outreach, provided a comprehensive framework for EV research methodologies, emphasizing separation, characterization, reporting standards, and community engagement. The MISEV2018 guidelines reflected responsiveness to feedback, acknowledging the evolving EV research landscape. The guidelines served as a testament to the commitment of the scientific community to rigorous standards and the collective discernment of experts. The present article compares previous MISEV guidelines with its 2023 counterpart, highlighting advancements, changes, and impacts on EV research standardization. The 2023 guidelines build upon the 2018 principles, offering new recommendations for emerging areas. This comparative exploration contributes to understanding the transformative journey in EV research, emphasizing MISEV's pivotal role and the scientific community's adaptability to challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Maria Vaiaki
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Volturno 39, Parma 43125, Italy
| | - Marco Falasca
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Volturno 39, Parma 43125, Italy.
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3
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Wang S, Li J, Hong S, Wang N, Xu S, Yang B, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Pan B, Hu Y, Wang Z. Chemotherapy-elicited extracellular vesicle CXCL1 from dying cells promotes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis by activating TAM/PD-L1 signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:121. [PMID: 38654356 PMCID: PMC11036662 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and chemotherapy still serves as the cornerstone treatment functioning by inducing cytotoxic cell death. Notably, emerging evidence suggests that dying cell-released signals may induce cancer progression and metastasis by modulating the surrounding microenvironment. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and targeting strategies are yet to be explored. METHODS Apoptotic TNBC cells induced by paclitaxel or adriamycin treatment were sorted and their released extracellular vesicles (EV-dead) were isolated from the cell supernatants. Chemokine array analysis was conducted to identify the crucial molecules in EV-dead. Zebrafish and mouse xenograft models were used to investigate the effect of EV-dead on TNBC progression in vivo. RESULTS It was demonstrated that EV-dead were phagocytized by macrophages and induced TNBC metastasis by promoting the infiltration of immunosuppressive PD-L1+ TAMs. Chemokine array identified CXCL1 as a crucial component in EV-dead to activate TAM/PD-L1 signaling. CXCL1 knockdown in EV-dead or macrophage depletion significantly inhibited EV-dead-induced TNBC growth and metastasis. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CXCL1EV-dead enhanced TAM/PD-L1 signaling by transcriptionally activating EED-mediated PD-L1 promoter activity. More importantly, TPCA-1 (2-[(aminocarbonyl) amino]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide) was screened as a promising inhibitor targeting CXCL1 signals in EVs to enhance paclitaxel chemosensitivity and limit TNBC metastasis without noticeable toxicities. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight CXCL1EV-dead as a novel dying cell-released signal and provide TPCA-1 as a targeting candidate to improve TNBC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicui Hong
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shang Xu
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yudie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Sun Z, Sun Z, Liu J, Gao X, Jiao L, Zhao Q, Chu Y, Wang X, Deng G, Cai L. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Expressing Siglec-10 Camouflaged AIE Photosensitizer to Reprogram Macrophages to Active M1 Phenotype and Present Tumor-Associated Antigens for Photodynamic Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307147. [PMID: 37941517 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has attracted considerable attention due to its advantages of persistence, targeting, and ability to kill tumor cells. However, the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy in practical applications is limited by tumor heterogeneity and complex tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments in which abundant of M2 macrophages and immune checkpoints (ICs) are present. Herein, two type-I aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active photosensitizers with various reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating efficiencies are designed and synthesized. Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) that express ICs Siglec-10 are first obtained from 4T1 tumor cells. The engineered EVs are then fused with the AIE photosensitizer-loaded lipidic nanosystem to form SEx@Fc-NPs. The ROS generated by the inner type-I AIE photosensitizer of the SEx@Fc-NPs through photodynamic therapy (PDT) can convert M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages to improve tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. The outer EV-antigens that carry 4T1 tumor-associated antigens directly stimulate dendritic cells maturation to activate different types of tumor-specific T cells in overcoming tumor heterogeneity. In addition, blocking Siglec-10 reversed macrophage exhaustion for enhanced antitumor ability. This study presents that a combination of PDT, immune checkpoints, and EV-antigens can greatly improve the efficiency of tumor immunotherapy and is expected to serve as an emerging strategy to improve tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and overcome immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Sun
- The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, P. R. China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Zhuokai Sun
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Gao
- The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, P. R. China
| | - Liping Jiao
- The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Chu
- The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Guanjun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Sino-Euro Center of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen, 518024, P. R. China
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Li Y, Lin Y, Li X, Chen Y, Chen G, Yang H. A Group of Highly Secretory miRNAs Correlates with Lymph Node Metastasis and Poor Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2024; 14:224. [PMID: 38397460 PMCID: PMC10886572 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a pivotal role in modulating intercellular communications between tumor cells and other cells in the microenvironment, thereby influencing tumor progression and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. However, a comprehensive inventory of these secretory miRNAs in sEVs and their biological and clinical implications remains elusive. This study aims to profile the miRNA content of OSCC cell line sEVs and computationally elucidate their biological and clinical relevance. We conducted miRNA sequencing to compare the miRNA profiles of OSCC cells and their corresponding sEVs. Our motif enrichment analysis identified specific sorting motifs that are implicated in either cellular retention or preferential sEV secretion. Target cell analysis suggested that the sEV miRNAs potentially interact with various immune cell types, including natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Additionally, we explored the clinical relevance of these miRNAs by correlating their expression levels with TNM stages and patient survival outcomes. Intriguingly, our findings revealed that a distinct sEV miRNA signature is associated with lymph node metastasis and poorer survival in patients in TCGA-HNSC dataset. Collectively, this research furthers our understanding of the miRNA sorting mechanisms in OSCC and underscores their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Yuntao Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
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Cui Y, Zhang W, Lu W, Feng Y, Wu X, Zhuo Z, Zhang D, Zhang Y. An exosome-derived lncRNA signature identified by machine learning associated with prognosis and biomarkers for immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1228235. [PMID: 38404588 PMCID: PMC10884316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1228235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies. Current treatment options are limited and ineffective, prompting the discovery of reliable biomarkers. Exosome lncRNAs, carrying genetic information, are promising new markers. Previous studies only focused on exosome-related genes and employed the Lasso algorithm to construct prediction models, which are not robust. Methods 420 OC patients from the TCGA datasets were divided into training and validation datasets. The GSE102037 dataset was used for external validation. LncRNAs associated with exosome-related genes were selected using Pearson analysis. Univariate COX regression analysis was used to filter prognosis-related lncRNAs. The overlapping lncRNAs were identified as candidate lncRNAs for machine learning. Based on 10 machine learning algorithms and 117 algorithm combinations, the optimal predictor combinations were selected according to the C index. The exosome-related LncRNA Signature (ERLS) model was constructed using multivariate COX regression. Based on the median risk score of the training datasets, the patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the time-dependent ROC, immune cell infiltration, immunotherapy response, and immune checkpoints were analyzed. Results 64 lncRNAs were subjected to a machine-learning process. Based on the stepCox (forward) combined Ridge algorithm, 20 lncRNA were selected to construct the ERLS model. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the high-risk group had a lower survival rate. The area under the curve (AUC) in predicting OS at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.758, 0.816, and 0.827 in the entire TCGA cohort. xCell and ssGSEA analysis showed that the low-risk group had higher immune cell infiltration, which may contribute to the activation of cytolytic activity, inflammation promotion, and T-cell co-stimulation pathways. The low-risk group had higher expression levels of PDL1, CTLA4, and higher TMB. The ERLS model can predict response to anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 therapy. Patients with low expression of PDL1 or high expression of CTLA4 and low ERLS exhibited significantly better survival prospects, whereas patients with high ERLS and low levels of PDL1 or CTLA4 exhibited the poorest outcomes. Conclusion Our study constructed an ERLS model that can predict prognostic risk and immunotherapy response, optimizing clinical management for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Cui
- Guang Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixuan Zhang
- Guang Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Lu
- Guang Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaogong Feng
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Guang Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhili Zhuo
- Guang Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongni Zhang
- Guang Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Guang Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhu Q, Cao Y, Yuan J, Hu Y. Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes promote tumor characterization and immunosuppressive microenvironment in breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:39. [PMID: 38294569 PMCID: PMC10830720 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) or autologous fat transplantation could be used to ameliorate breast cancer postoperative deformities. This study aims to explore the action of ASC and ASC-exosomes (ASC-exos) in breast cancer characterization and tumor microenvironment immunity, which provided a new method into the application of ASC-exos. ASC were extracted from human adipose tissue for the isolation and verification of ASC-exos. ASC-exos were co-cultured with CD4+T cells, CD14+ monocytes and MCF-7 cells, respectively. The tumor formation of nude mice was also constructed. Cell characterization was determined by CCK8, scratch assay, and Transwell. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were used to observe the histopathology and protein expression. CD4+T cell and CD14+ monocytes differentiation was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot, qRT-PCR and RNAseq were used to detect the action of ASC-exos on gene and protein expression. CD4+T cells could take up ASC-exos. ASC-exos inhibited Th1 and Th17 differentiation and promoted Treg differentiation of CD4+T cells. ASC-exos inhibited M1 differentiation and promoted M2 differentiation of CD14+ monocytes. ASC-exos promoted the migration, proliferation, and invasion, while inhibited apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. ASC-exos promoted the tumor formation of breast cancer. The effect of ASC-exos on tumor microenvironment immunity was in accordance with the above in vitro results. TOX, CD4 and LYZ1 genes were upregulated, while Mettl7b and Serpinb2 genes were downregulated in ASC-exos group. Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection pathway was significantly enriched in ASC-exos. Thus, ASC-exos promoted breast cancer characterization and tumor microenvironment immunosuppression by regulating macrophage and T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Jia X, Xi J, Tian B, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang F, Li Z, Long J, Wang J, Fan GH, Li Q. The Tautomerase Activity of Tumor Exosomal MIF Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Modulating MDSC Differentiation. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:72-90. [PMID: 37956411 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease that is largely resistant to immunotherapy, in part because of the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Much evidence suggests that tumor-derived exosomes (TDE) contribute to the immunosuppressive activity mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) within the pancreatic cancer TME. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we report that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in TDEs has a key role in inducing MDSC formation in pancreatic cancer. We identified MIF in both human and murine pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes. Upon specific shRNA-mediated knockdown of MIF, the ability of pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes to promote MDSC differentiation was abrogated. This phenotype was rescued by reexpression of the wild-type form of MIF rather than a tautomerase-null mutant or a thiol-protein oxidoreductase-null mutant, indicating that both MIF enzyme activity sites play a role in exosome-induced MDSC formation in pancreatic cancer. RNA sequencing data indicated that MIF tautomerase regulated the expression of genes required for MDSC differentiation, recruitment, and activation. We therefore developed a MIF tautomerase inhibitor, IPG1576. The inhibitor effectively inhibited exosome-induced MDSC differentiation in vitro and reduced tumor growth in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer model, which was associated with decreased numbers of MDSCs and increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the TME. Collectively, our findings highlight a pivotal role for MIF in exosome-induced MDSC differentiation in pancreatic cancer and underscore the potential of MIF tautomerase inhibitors to reverse the immunosuppressive pancreatic cancer microenvironment, thereby augmenting anticancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Jia
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbei Xi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Binle Tian
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Autoimmune Disease, Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - JianFei Wang
- Excecutive Office, Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Huang Fan
- Excecutive Office, Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Santoro J, Carrese B, Peluso MS, Coppola L, D’Aiuto M, Mossetti G, Salvatore M, Smaldone G. Influence of Breast Cancer Extracellular Vesicles on Immune Cell Activation: A Pilot Study. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1531. [PMID: 38132355 PMCID: PMC10740516 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. It is well known that breast cancer shows significant alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is composed of a variety of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, that have a key role in tumor development or anti-tumor responses in breast cancer patients. Luminal B (BT474) and triple-negative breast cancer (HS578T) cell lines were cultured in 2D and 3D model systems. PMBCs from healthy donors were isolated and treated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) from monolayer and spheroids of BT474 and HS578T and analyzed using cytofluorimetric approaches. We observed that EVs can alter the activation and presence of CD335+/CD11b+ NK cells. EVs derived from BT474 and HS578T cells trigger the activation and, simultaneously, a reduction in the percentage of CD335+/CD11b+ NK cells. In addition, EVs derived from BT474 also significantly reduce CD39+ T-regulatory (T-reg) cells. Our preliminary data suggest that using EVs to treat tumors could potentially alter components of the immune system, which causes hyperactivation of specific cell types and can lead to aggressive growth. These data will guide the designing of new personalized diagnostic approaches based on in-depth study of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Santoro
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 80143 Naples, Italy; (J.S.); (M.S.P.); (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Barbara Carrese
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 80143 Naples, Italy; (J.S.); (M.S.P.); (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Sara Peluso
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 80143 Naples, Italy; (J.S.); (M.S.P.); (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Luigi Coppola
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 80143 Naples, Italy; (J.S.); (M.S.P.); (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Gennaro Mossetti
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Casa di Cura Maria Rosaria, Via Colle San Bartolomeo, 50, 80045 Pompei, Italy;
| | - Marco Salvatore
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 80143 Naples, Italy; (J.S.); (M.S.P.); (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Smaldone
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 80143 Naples, Italy; (J.S.); (M.S.P.); (M.S.); (G.S.)
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10
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Castaldo V, Minopoli M, Di Modugno F, Sacconi A, Liguoro D, Frigerio R, Ortolano A, Di Martile M, Gesualdi L, Madonna G, Capone M, Cirombella R, Catizone A, Del Bufalo D, Vecchione A, Carriero MV, Ascierto PA, Mancini R, Fattore L, Ciliberto G. Upregulated expression of miR-4443 and miR-4488 in drug resistant melanomas promotes migratory and invasive phenotypes through downregulation of intermediate filament nestin. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:317. [PMID: 38008717 PMCID: PMC10680267 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF-mutant melanoma patients benefit from the combinatorial treatments with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. However, acquired drug resistance strongly limits the efficacy of these targeted therapies in time. Recently, many findings have underscored the involvement of microRNAs as main drivers of drug resistance. In this context, we previously identified a subset of oncomiRs strongly up-regulated in drug-resistant melanomas. In this work, we shed light on the molecular role of two as yet poorly characterized oncomiRs, miR-4443 and miR-4488. METHODS Invasion and migration have been determined by wound healing, transwell migration/invasion assays and Real Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) technology. miR-4488 and miR-4443 have been measured by qRT-PCR. Nestin levels have been tested by western blot, confocal immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analyses. RESULTS We demonstrate that the two oncomiRs are responsible for the enhanced migratory and invasive phenotypes, that are a hallmark of drug resistant melanoma cells. Moreover, miR-4443 and miR-4488 promote an aberrant cytoskeletal reorganization witnessed by the increased number of stress fibers and cellular protrusions-like cancer cell invadopodia. Mechanistically, we identified the intermediate filament nestin as a molecular target of both oncomiRs. Finally, we have shown that nestin levels are able to predict response to treatments in melanoma patients. CONCLUSIONS Altogether these findings have profound translational implications in the attempt i) to develop miRNA-targeting therapies to mitigate the metastatic phenotypes of BRAF-mutant melanomas and ii) to identify novel biomarkers able to guide clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Castaldo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic- Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Minopoli
- Preclinical Models of Tumor Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Modugno
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Liguoro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Frigerio
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Ortolano
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Gesualdi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic- Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Madonna
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariaelena Capone
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirombella
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Department Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00118, Rome, Italy
| | - Angiolina Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic- Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Department Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00118, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Preclinical Models of Tumor Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Department Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00118, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Fattore
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
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11
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Godbole N, Quinn A, Carrion F, Pelosi E, Salomon C. Extracellular vesicles as a potential delivery platform for CRISPR-Cas based therapy in epithelial ovarian cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 96:64-81. [PMID: 37820858 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer (OC) is the most common gynecological malignancy and the eighth most diagnosed cancer in females worldwide. Presently, it ranks as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among patients globally. Major factors contributing to the lethality of OC worldwide include delayed diagnosis, chemotherapy resistance, high metastatic rates, and the heterogeneity of subtypes. Despite continuous efforts to develop novel targeted therapies and chemotherapeutic agents, challenges persist in the form of OC resistance and recurrence. In the last decade, CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing has emerged as a powerful tool for modifying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, holding potential for treating numerous diseases. However, a significant challenge for therapeutic applications of CRISPR-Cas technology is the absence of an optimal vehicle for delivering CRISPR molecular machinery into targeted cells or tissues. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained traction as potential delivery vehicles for various therapeutic agents. These heterogeneous, membrane-derived vesicles are released by nearly all cells into extracellular spaces. They carry a molecular cargo of proteins and nucleic acids within their intraluminal space, encased by a cholesterol-rich phospholipid bilayer membrane. EVs actively engage in cell-to-cell communication by delivering cargo to both neighboring and distant cells. Their inherent ability to shield molecular cargo from degradation and cross biological barriers positions them ideally for delivering CRISPR-Cas ribonucleoproteins (RNP) to target cells. Furthermore, they exhibit higher biocompatibility, lower immunogenicity, and reduced toxicity compared to classical delivery platforms such as adeno-associated virus, lentiviruses, and synthetic nanoparticles. This review explores the potential of employing different CRISPR-Cas systems to target specific genes in OC, while also discussing various methods for engineering EVs to load CRISPR components and enhance their targeting capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Godbole
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander Quinn
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emanuele Pelosi
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia; Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Wang S, He Y, Tian T, Lu J, Lu Y, Huang X, Zou Y, Zhang L, Fang X, Liu B. Nanoarray Enabled Size-Dependent Isolation and Proteomics Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations toward Accurate Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15276-15285. [PMID: 37782295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as noninvasive biomarkers in liquid biopsy due to their significant function in pathology and physiology. However, the phenotypic heterogeneity of sEVs presents a significant challenge to their study and has significant implications for their applications in liquid biopsies. In this study, anodic aluminum oxide films with different pore sizes (AAO nanoarray) were introduced to enable size-based isolation and downstream proteomics profiling of sEV subpopulations. The adjustable pore size and abundant Al3+ on the framework of AAOs allowed size-dependent isolation of sEV subpopulations through nanoconfined effects and Lewis acid-base interaction between AAOs and sEVs. Benefiting from the strong concerted effect, the simple AAO nanoarray enabled specific isolation of three sEV subpopulations, termed "50", "90", and "150 nm" groups, from 10 μL of complex biological samples within 10 min with high capture efficiencies and purities. Moreover, the nanopores of AAOs also acted as nanoreactors for comprehensive proteomic profiling of the captured sEV subpopulations to reveal their heterogeneity. The AAO nanoarray was first investigated on sEVs from a cell culture medium, where sEV subpopulations could be clearly distinguished, and three traditional sEV-specific proteins (CD81, CD9, and FLOT1) could be identified by proteomic analysis. A total of 3946, 3951, and 3940 proteins were identified from 50, 90, and 150 nm sEV subpopulations, respectively, which is almost twice the number compared to those obtained from the conventional approach. The concept was further applied to complex real-case sample analysis from prostate cancer patients. Machine learning and gene ontology (GO) information analysis of the identified proteins indicate that different-sized sEV subpopulations contain unique protein cargos and have distinct cellular components and molecular functions. Further receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis of the top five differential proteins from the three sEV subpopulations demonstrated the high accuracy of the proposed approach toward prostate cancer diagnosis (AUC > 0.99). More importantly, several proteins involved in focal adhesion and antigen processing and presentation pathways were found to be upregulated in prostate cancer patients, which may serve as potential biomarkers of prostate cancer. These results suggest that the sEV subpopulation-based AAO nanoarray is of great value in facilitating the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and opens a new avenue for sEVs in liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tongtong Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuedong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoni Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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13
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Joo HS, Suh JH, So CM, Jeon HJ, Yoon SH, Lee JM. Emerging Roles of Using Small Extracellular Vesicles as an Anti-Cancer Drug. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14063. [PMID: 37762393 PMCID: PMC10531913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. Tumor-cell-derived sEVs contain biomolecules that can be utilized for cancer diagnosis. sEVs can directly exert tumor-killing effects or modulate the tumor microenvironment, leading to anti-cancer effects. In this review, the application of sEVs as a diagnostic tool, drug delivery system, and active pharmaceutical ingredient for cancer therapy will be highlighted. The therapeutic efficacies of sEVs will be compared to conventional immune checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, this review will provide strategies for sEV engineering to enhance the therapeutic efficacies of sEVs. As a bench-to-bedside application, we will discuss approaches to encourage good-manufacturing-practice-compliant industrial-scale manufacturing and purification of sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jung Min Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, 558 Handong-ro, Buk-gu, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
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14
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Lee KW, Yam JWP, Mao X. Dendritic Cell Vaccines: A Shift from Conventional Approach to New Generations. Cells 2023; 12:2147. [PMID: 37681880 PMCID: PMC10486560 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the emerging era of cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) and adoptive cell transfer therapies (ACTs) have gained significant attention. However, their therapeutic efficacies are limited due to the presence of cold type tumors, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and immune-related side effects. On the other hand, dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have been suggested as a new cancer immunotherapy regimen that can address the limitations encountered by ICBs and ACTs. Despite the success of the first generation of DC-based vaccines, represented by the first FDA-approved DC-based therapeutic cancer vaccine Provenge, several challenges remain unsolved. Therefore, new DC vaccine strategies have been actively investigated. This review addresses the limitations of the currently most adopted classical DC vaccine and evaluates new generations of DC vaccines in detail, including biomaterial-based, immunogenic cell death-inducing, mRNA-pulsed, DC small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-based, and tumor sEV-based DC vaccines. These innovative DC vaccines are envisioned to provide a significant breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy landscape and are expected to be supported by further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Won Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (K.-W.L.); (J.W.P.Y.)
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (K.-W.L.); (J.W.P.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
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15
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Luo S, Chen J, Xu F, Chen H, Li Y, Li W. Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2070. [PMID: 37631284 PMCID: PMC10457773 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles released by diverse types of cells for complex intercellular communication. Numerous studies have shown that exosomes can regulate the body's immune response to tumor cells and interfere with the tumor microenvironment (TME). In clinical trials on dendritic cell (DC)-based antitumor vaccines, no satisfactory results have been achieved. However, recent studies suggested that DC-derived exosomes (DEXs) may be superior to DC-based antitumor vaccines in avoiding tumor cell-mediated immunosuppression. DEXs contain multiple DC-derived surface markers that capture tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and promote immune cell-dependent tumor rejection. These findings indicate the necessity of the further development and improvement of DEX-based cell-free vaccines to complement chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other immunotherapies. In this review, we highlighted the recent progress of DEXs in cancer immunotherapy, particularly by concentrating on landmark studies and the biological characterization of DEXs, and we summarized their important role in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and clinical application in targeted cancer immunotherapy. This review could enhance comprehension of advances in cancer immunotherapy and contribute to the elucidation of how DEXs regulate the TIME, thereby providing a reference for utilizing DEX-based vaccines in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Luo
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (F.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (F.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (F.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Huan Chen
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Yiru Li
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (F.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weihua Li
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (S.L.); (J.C.); (F.X.); (Y.L.)
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16
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You Y, Du Z, Xu G, Tian Z, Xiao M, Wang Y. Identification of Exosome-Related Genes Associated with Prognosis and Immune Infiltration Features in Head-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:958. [PMID: 37371537 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly immunosuppressive nature of head-neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is not fully understood. Exosomes play crucial roles in the communication between cancer and non-cancer cells, but the clinical significance of the expression of exosome-related genes (ERGs) remains unclear in HNSCC. This study aimed to establish an HNSCC-ERGs model by using mass spectrometry (MS)-based label-free quantitative proteomics in combination with the TCGA primary HNSCC dataset. The study managed to classify the HNSCC patients into two subtypes based on the expression level of prognostic ERGs, which showed significant differences in prognosis and immune infiltration. LASSO regression algorithm was used to establish a risk prediction model based on seven risky genes (PYGL, ACTN2, TSPAN15, EXT2, PLAU, ITGA5), and the high-risk group was associated with poor survival prognosis and suppressive immune status. HPRT1 and PYGL were found to be independent prognostic factors through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Immune and ssGSEA analysis revealed that HPRT1 and PYGL were significantly related to immunosuppression, immune response, and critical signaling transduction pathways in HNSCC. Immunohistochemistry results further validated the expression level, clinical value, and immunosuppressive function of HPRT1 and PYGL in HNSCC patients. In conclusion, this study established molecular subtypes and a prediction risk model based on the ERGs. Furthermore, the findings suggested that HPRT1 and PYGL might play critical roles in reshaping the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhe You
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhong Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guisong Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhuowei Tian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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17
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Mao Y, Zhang M, Wang L, Lu Y, Hu X, Chen Z. Role of microRNA carried by small extracellular vesicles in urological tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1192937. [PMID: 37333986 PMCID: PMC10272383 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1192937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are minute vesicles secreted by various cells that are capable of transporting cargo, including microRNAs, between donor and recipient cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length, have been implicated in a wide array of biological processes, including those involved in tumorigenesis. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of miRNAs encapsulated in sEVs in both the diagnosis and treatment of urological tumors, with potential implications in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment and drug resistance. This review provides a brief overview of the biogenesis and functional mechanisms of sEVs and miRNAs, followed by a summarization of recent empirical findings on miRNAs encapsulated in sEVs from three archetypal urologic malignancies: prostate cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer. We conclude by underscoring the potential of sEV-enclosed miRNAs as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets, with a particular focus on their detection and analysis in biological fluids such as urine, plasma, and serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Mao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lanfeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yukang Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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18
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Fang X, Lan H, Jin K, Qian J. Pancreatic cancer and exosomes: role in progression, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1149551. [PMID: 37287924 PMCID: PMC10242099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1149551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most dangerous diseases that threaten human life, and investigating the details affecting its progression or regression is particularly important. Exosomes are one of the derivatives produced from different cells, including tumor cells and other cells such as Tregs, M2 macrophages, and MDSCs, and can help tumor growth. These exosomes perform their actions by affecting the cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) that produce extracellular matrix (ECM) components and immune cells that are responsible for killing tumor cells. It has also been shown that pancreatic cancer cell (PCC)-derived exosomes at different stages carry molecules. Checking the presence of these molecules in the blood and other body fluids can help us in the early stage diagnosis and monitoring of PC. However, immune system cell-derived exosomes (IEXs) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes can contribute to PC treatment. Immune cells produce exosomes as part of the mechanisms involved in the immune surveillance and tumor cell-killing phenomenon. Exosomes can be modified in such a way that their antitumor properties are enhanced. One of these methods is drug loading in exosomes, which can significantly increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. In general, exosomes form a complex intercellular communication network that plays a role in developing, progressing, diagnosing, monitoring, and treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanrong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinchang People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xinchang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Xinchang, Zhejiang, China
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Negahdary M, Angnes L. Recent advances in electrochemical nanomaterial-based aptasensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers. Talanta 2023; 259:124548. [PMID: 37062088 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
New technologies have provided suitable tools for rapid diagnosis of cancer which can reduce treatment costs and even increase patients' survival rates. Recently, the development of electrochemical aptamer-based nanobiosensors has raised great hopes for early, sensitive, selective, and low-cost cancer diagnosis. Here, we reviewed the flagged recent research (2021-2023) developed as a series of biosensors equipped with nanomaterials and aptamer sequences (nanoaptasensors) to diagnose/prognosis of various types of cancers. Equipping these aptasensors with nanomaterials and using advanced biomolecular technologies have provided specified biosensing interfaces for more optimal and reliable detection of cancer biomarkers. The primary intention of this review was to present and categorize the latest innovations used in the design of these diagnostic tools, including the hottest surface modifications and assembly of sensing bioplatforms considering diagnostic mechanisms. The main classification is based on applying various nanomaterials and sub-classifications considered based on the type of analyte and other vital features. This review may help design subsequent electrochemical aptasensors. Likewise, the up-to-date status, remaining limitations, and possible paths for translating aptasensors to clinical cancer assay tools can be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Negahdary
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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20
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Implications of Crosstalk between Exosome-Mediated Ferroptosis and Diseases for Pathogenesis and Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020311. [PMID: 36672245 PMCID: PMC9856458 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent cell death caused by ferrous iron overload, reactive oxygen species generation through the Fenton reaction, and lipid peroxidation, leading to antioxidative system dysfunction and, ultimately, cell membrane damage. The functional role of ferroptosis in human physiology and pathology is considered a cause or consequence of diseases. Circulating exosomes mediate intercellular communication and organ crosstalk. They not only transport functional proteins and nucleic acids derived from parental cells but also serve as vehicles for the targeted delivery of exogenous cargo. Exosomes regulate ferroptosis by delivering the biological material to the recipient cell, affecting ferroptosis-related proteins, or transporting ferritin-bound iron out of the cell. This review discusses pathogenesis mediated by endogenous exosomes and the therapeutic potential of exogenous exosomes for ferroptosis-related diseases. In addition, this review explores the role of exosome-mediated ferroptosis in ferroptosis-related diseases with an emphasis on strategies for engineering exosomes for ferroptosis therapy.
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21
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Al-Abdallah A, Jahanbani I, Ali RH, Al-Brahim N, Prasanth J, Al-Shammary B, Al-Bader M. A new paradigm for epidermal growth factor receptor expression exists in PTC and NIFTP regulated by microRNAs. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1080008. [PMID: 37114127 PMCID: PMC10126268 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1080008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intoduction Identification of molecular alterations associated with tumor behavior is necessary to guide clinical management. The 2022 WHO classification has organized the thyroid follicular cell-derived neoplasms into benign, low-risk and high-risk neoplasms, and emphasized the value of biomarkers that may provide differential diagnostic and prognostic information to avoid overtreatment of low risk neoplasms. This work aims to study the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, functional and spatial dynamics in relation to specific miRNAs alterations in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and in non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) considered as models of high-risk and low-risk thyroid tumors respectively. Methods Primary thyroid cultured cells were used for miRNA gain/loss of function and luciferase reporter assays. Paraffin embedded tissues were used for real time PCR, immuno-fluorescence stain and confocal microscopy experiments. Results Our results showed that in PTC, EGFR mRNA is reduced as an effect of miR-146b-5p upregulation. The EGF expression is low and the ERK pathway is inhibited. The EGFR protein high cytoplasmic expression and colocalization with the endosomal/exosomal markers, ALIX and CD63, suggest the occurrence of stress-induced EGFR internalization, accumulation in endosomal vesicles and secretion via exosomes. In NIFTP EGFR transcription is increased in association with downregulation of miR-7-5p and the EGFR/ERK pathway is active indicating dependence on the canonical EGFR pathway for growth. Conclusion Downregulation of transcript level along with cytoplasmic accumulation of undegraded protein is a new pattern of EGFR regulation associated with malignancy in thyroid. Further research is needed to elucidate the intracellular trafficking defects responsible for this specific EGFR dynamic in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Abdallah
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Abeer Al-Abdallah,
| | - Iman Jahanbani
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rola H. Ali
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Jeena Prasanth
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Bashayer Al-Shammary
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maie Al-Bader
- Physiology Department, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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22
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Zhao X, Xue X, Cui Z, Kwame Amevor F, Wan Y, Fu K, Wang C, Peng C, Li Y. microRNAs-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications in liver fibrosis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2022:e1773. [PMID: 36585388 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a process of over-extracellular matrix (ECM) aggregation and angiogenesis, which develops into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With the increasing pressure of liver fibrosis, new therapeutics to cure this disease requires much attention. Exosome-cargoed microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging approaches in the precision of the liver fibrotic paradigm. In this review, we outlined the different types of hepatic cells derived miRNAs that drive intra-/extra-cellular interactive communication in liver fibrosis with different physiological and pathological processes. Specifically, we highlighted the possible mechanism of liver fibrosis pathogenesis associated with immune response and angiogenesis. In addition, potential clinical biomarkers and different stem cell transplant-derived miRNAs-based therapeutic strategies in liver fibrosis were summarized in this review. miRNAs-based approaches might help researchers devise new candidates for the cell-free treatment of liver fibrosis. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Cui
- College Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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23
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Matsuzaka Y, Yashiro R. Advances in Purification, Modification, and Application of Extracellular Vesicles for Novel Clinical Treatments. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12121244. [PMID: 36557150 PMCID: PMC9787595 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane vesicles surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and include microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and exomeres. Exosome-encapsulated microRNAs (miRNAs) released from cancer cells are involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells via angiogenesis. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, which is being employed in regenerative medicine owing to the ability of MSCs to differentiate into various cells, is due to humoral factors, including messenger RNA (mRNA), miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, which are encapsulated in exosomes derived from transplanted cells. New treatments that advocate cell-free therapy using MSC-derived exosomes will significantly improve clinical practice. Therefore, using highly purified exosomes that perform their original functions is desirable. In this review, we summarized advances in the purification, modification, and application of EVs as novel strategies to treat some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-0004, Japan
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24
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Exosomes as Novel Delivery Systems for Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227789. [PMID: 36431890 PMCID: PMC9695524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, as gifts of nature derived from various cell types with a size range from ~40 to 160 nm in diameter, have gained attention recently. They are composed of a lipid membrane bilayer structure containing different constituents, such as surface ligands and receptors, from the parental cells. Originating from a variety of sources, exosomes have the ability to participate in a diverse range of biological processes, including the regulation of cellular communication. On account of their ideal native structure and characteristics, exosomes are taken into account as drug delivery systems (DDSs). They can provide profound effects on conveying therapeutic agents with great advantages, including specific targeting, high biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. Further, they can also be considered to ameliorate natural compounds, the main constituents of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which are usually ignored due to the complexity of their structures, poor stability, and unclear mechanisms of action. This review summarizes the classification of exosomes as well as the research progress on exosome-based DDSs for the treatment of different diseases in TCM. Furthermore, this review discusses the advantages and challenges faced by exosomes to contribute to their further investigation and application.
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