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Arceri A, Mazzotti A, Liosi SG, Zielli SO, Artioli E, Golinelli D, Brognara L, Faldini C. What's the Impact of Safety Footwear on Workers Concerning Foot-Related Problems? A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1522. [PMID: 39120225 PMCID: PMC11311279 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to assess the impact of safety footwear (SF) on workers concerning foot-related problems, especially regarding discomfort, foot pain, and skin lesions. METHODS A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting foot-related problems in workers wearing SF were included. Exclusion criteria included non-English papers, reviews, laboratory and animal studies, expert opinions, letters to the editor, and grey literature. The quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Descriptive statistic was used to present data. RESULT The initial search results yielded 483 articles; 7 articles were included in the review process. Despite the extensive variety of SF, all studies consistently reported symptomatic discomfort and pain. The discomfort factors included heat, sweating, heaviness, and footwear flexibility, with primary issues in the toes, toecaps, or metatarsal-toe crease region. The pain prevalence ranged from 42.3% to 60.8% in various anatomical regions. Irritant Contact Dermatitis was the most common (97.9%) foot dermatosis, but other foot lesions were reported: dry skin (30.2%), calluses (30%), hard nails (28%), corns (27%), and blisters. CONCLUSIONS Current SFs are designed to comply with safety regulations but are influenced by the frequent occurrence of discomfort and foot problems. The literature review identified weaknesses in certain design features. Recommendations have been proposed to improve SF development. These include addressing issues such as the selection of specific types and designs of SF based on task performance and the working environment, footwear weight, and breathable materials for moisture permeation. Considerations should also encompass distinct sizing for an optimal fit, insole application, especially for prolonged standing users, and education programs to prevent foot-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Arceri
- 1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.A.); (S.O.Z.); (E.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Antonio Mazzotti
- 1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.A.); (S.O.Z.); (E.A.); (C.F.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Sofia Gaia Liosi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Simone Ottavio Zielli
- 1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.A.); (S.O.Z.); (E.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Elena Artioli
- 1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.A.); (S.O.Z.); (E.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Davide Golinelli
- Health Services Research Unit, AUSL della Romagna, 47923 Ravenna, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, della Salute e delle Professioni Sanitarie, Link Campus University, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brognara
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Cesare Faldini
- 1st Orthopaedics and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.A.); (S.O.Z.); (E.A.); (C.F.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.L.); (L.B.)
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Menz HB, Lim PQX, Hurn SE, Mickle KJ, Buldt AK, Cotchett MP, Roddy E, Wluka AE, Erbas B, Munteanu SE. Effectiveness of footwear and foot orthoses in reducing medial metatarsophalangeal joint pressure in women with hallux valgus. Gait Posture 2024; 111:156-161. [PMID: 38703444 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hallux valgus is a common condition where the subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and lateral deviation of the hallux at the interphalangeal joint creates difficulty with footwear fit. Footwear and foot orthoses are commonly prescribed nonsurgical treatments for hallux valgus. RESEARCH QUESTION Do extra-width footwear and foot orthoses influence peak pressure at the medial aspect of the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints in women with hallux valgus? METHODS Community-dwelling women with symptomatic hallux valgus underwent gait testing when wearing their own shoes and when wearing extra-width footwear fitted with three-quarter length, arch-contouring prefabricated foot orthoses. Peak pressure (kPa) on the medial aspect of the metatarsophalangeal and medial interphalangeal joints and on the plantar surface of the foot (hallux, lesser toes, metatarsophalangeal joint 1, metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5, midfoot and heel) were measured using the novel pedar®-X system with the pedar® pad and pedar® insole, respectively (Novel, GmbH, Munich, Germany). Paired samples t-tests were used to calculate the differences between the two conditions, and the magnitude of observed differences was calculated using Cohen's d. RESULTS We tested 28 participants (aged 44-80 years, mean 60.7, standard deviation 10.7). Compared to their own footwear, wearing the intervention footwear and orthoses was associated with a statistically significant decrease in pressure on the medial aspect of the metatarsophalangeal joint (58.3 ± 32.8 versus 42.6 ± 32.8, p=0.026, d=0.49), increased pressure under the midfoot (70.7 ± 25.7 versus 78.7 ± 23.6, p=0.029, d=0.33) and decreased pressure underneath the heel (137.3 ± 39.0 versus 121.3 ± 34.8, p=0.019, d=0.45). SIGNIFICANCE The intervention footwear and orthoses significantly decreased peak pressure on the medial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint but had no significant effect on the interphalangeal joint. Further studies are required to determine whether these changes are associated with improvements in symptoms associated with hallux valgus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylton B Menz
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Polly Q X Lim
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Sheree E Hurn
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Karen J Mickle
- Applied Sport Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales 2258, Australia
| | - Andrew K Buldt
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Matthew P Cotchett
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Edward Roddy
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom; Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, Staffordshire ST6 7AG, United Kingdom
| | - Anita E Wluka
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Shannon E Munteanu
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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3
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Kim IJ, Hegazy F. Enhancing Footwear Safety for Fall Prevention in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review of Design Features. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2024; 28:121-133. [PMID: 38246912 PMCID: PMC11217662 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.23.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls are a global concern affecting people of all ages; however, older adults are particularly vulnerable to age-related factors and foot-related issues. Footwear is critical for preventing falls, as it provides stability and protection against slips, trips, and falls (STFs). However, a significant gap exists in the systematic exploration of the safety aspects of footwear design for fall prevention in older adults. METHODS This comprehensive review applied a meticulous search strategy encompassing prominent databases, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, ResearchGate, and PubMed. This review synthesized and analyzed existing research to bridge knowledge gaps and provide insights into optimal footwear choices for older adults in terms of design features such as fit, fixation, heel height, collar height, slip resistance, and sole/insole hardness. RESULTS The results underscore the importance of specific design features for preventing falls among older adults. A proper fit, secure fixation, appropriate heel and collar heights, slip resistance, and sole/insole hardness significantly contributed to fall prevention. These findings offer valuable guidance for optimizing footwear designs to enhance comfort, stability, and safety in the daily lives of older individuals. CONCLUSION This comprehensive review fills a critical knowledge gap regarding the safety of footwear designs for fall prevention in older adults. The identified design features play a vital role in reducing the risk of falls and offer practical recommendations for the development of safer footwear. Ultimately, this study contributes to the existing knowledge base and supports efforts to prevent STFs in older adults through improved footwear design.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ju Kim
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Hegazy
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Motta LM, Manchado I, Blanco G, Quintana-Montesdeoca MP, Garcés L, Garcés GL. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a Spanish version of the self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire (SAFE-Q). J Orthop Sci 2024; 29:627-631. [PMID: 36914484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire is a comprehensive measure for assessing the perception of patients regarding their foot-related problems. However, it is currently only available in English and Japanesse. Therefore, this study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the questionnaire to Spanish and assess its psychometric properties. METHODS The methodology recommended by the International Society for Pharmaco Economics and Outcomes Research for translating and validating patient-reported outcome measures was followed for the Spanish translation. After a pilot study with 10 patients and 10 controls, an observational study was carried out between March and December 2021. The Spanish version of the questionnaire was filled by 100 patients with unilateral foot disorders, and the time spent to complete each questionnaire was recorded. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to analyze the internal consistency of the scale and Pearson's correlation coefficients for the degree of inter-subscale associations. RESULTS The maximum correlation coefficient for the Physical Functioning, Daily Living, and Social Functioning subscales was 0.768. The inter-subscale correlation coefficients were significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, the value of Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale was 0.894 (95% confidence interval, 0.858-0.924). The values of Cronbach's alpha varied between 0.863 and 0.889 when the value of one of the five subscales was suppressed, which can be considered a measure of good internal consistency. CONCLUSION The Spanish version of the questionnaire is valid and reliable. The method followed for its transcultural adaptation ensured its conceptual equivalence with the original questionnaire. Health practitioners can use the self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire as a complementary method to assess the interventions performed for ankle and foot disorders among native Spanish speakers; however, further research is necessary to assess its consistency for use by populations from other Spanish-speaking countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luci M Motta
- Hospital Perpetuo Socorro Calle León y Castillo 407, 35007 Las Palmas Spain; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Ignacio Manchado
- Hospital Perpetuo Socorro Calle León y Castillo 407, 35007 Las Palmas Spain; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Gustavo Blanco
- Hospital Perpetuo Socorro Calle León y Castillo 407, 35007 Las Palmas Spain
| | | | - Laura Garcés
- Terapias Acuáticas Canarias SL, Las Palmas Spain
| | - Gerardo L Garcés
- Hospital Perpetuo Socorro Calle León y Castillo 407, 35007 Las Palmas Spain; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
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Canca-Sanchez FJ, Morales-Asencio JM, Ortega-Avila AB, Gijon-Nogueron G, Cervera-Garvi P, Marchena-Rodriguez A, Canca-Sanchez JC. Predictive factors for foot pain in the adult population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:52. [PMID: 38216960 PMCID: PMC10785436 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot pain has been associated to factors like: fat, body mass index, age increased, female gender and the presence of pathologies. Although evidence is limited. The purpose is to determine the predictive factors for foot pain in the adult population. METHODS From January to December 2021, 457 patients were > 18 years, gave signed informed consent to take part to this cross sectional study. All completed demographic data and various questionnaires related to pain: Foot Function Index, EuroQoL-5D and Visual Analogue Scale (foot pain). Anthropometric measurements were obtained using McPoil platform and foot posture was assessed by the Foot Posture Index (FPI). To determine whether a volume change is a predictive factor for foot pain, a parameter was established: the volumetric index for footwear (VIF). Factors linked to the presence of pain, including the considered VIF variables, were analyzed through multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Among the study population, 40.7% were male and 59.3% female. The mean age of 39.06 years and a body mass index of 25.58 Kg/cm2. The logistic regression model had a classification capability of 72.4%, a sensitivity of 72.3% and a specificity of 73%, in which, the predictors considered were the variables found to have a significant association with FFI-pain > 45 points,, showed that younger women, with a higher BMI, higher values of right FPI (pronation), poorer overall perceived health and with problems in walking were more likely to experience foot pain. CONCLUSION Predictive factors for foot pain in the adult population include gender, age, Body Mass Index, FPI on the right foot, perceived health and mobility. Clinical implication, the presented measure aids physicians in assessing their patients´ foot pain likelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Miguel Morales-Asencio
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA platform BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Belen Ortega-Avila
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA platform BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA platform BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Cervera-Garvi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Marchena-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Canca-Sanchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA platform BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
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Almeida J, Brocklehurst J, Sharples A. Intersectionality, vulnerability and foot health inequity. J Foot Ankle Res 2023; 16:73. [PMID: 37884971 PMCID: PMC10601163 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot health and wellbeing in the UK are often overlooked in healthcare. Foot health outcomes are strongly interlinked to the social determinants of health, in that the way these determinants intersect can impact an individual's vulnerability to foot pain and disorders. In this commentary we explore some social determinants that hinder individuals from improving their foot health behaviour and ultimately reducing foot pain and foot disorder vulnerability. We focus on socioeconomic status, gender, disability, age, culture and ethnicity, and footwear quality; we also highlight the potential impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the cost-of-living crisis on foot health inequities; rises in inflation have resulted in footcare becoming less affordable among vulnerable groups, like those with intellectual disabilities and chronic illness, older people, those living in rural and inner-city communities, and the ethnically and linguistically diverse population living in the UK. There is an urgent need to raise awareness of the social determinants of foot health, their intersectionality, and their impact on foot pain and disorder vulnerability. Despite the Black Report and both Marmot Reviews, little progress has been made in raising this awareness. It is recommended to widen the range of foot health interventions, by including it in GP consultations, developing cultural sensitivity within foot health services, creating more comprehensive educational foot health programmes, and developing a more sustainable footwear industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Almeida
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
| | | | - Adrienne Sharples
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
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Kunkel D, Mamode L, Burnett M, Pickering R, Bader D, Donovan-Hall M, Cole M, Ashburn A, Bowen C. Footwear characteristics and foot problems in community dwelling people with stroke: a cross-sectional observational study. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:2630-2637. [PMID: 35968548 PMCID: PMC9612931 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore footwear characteristics and foot problems in community dwelling people with stroke as most research to date focused on the general elderly population. METHODS Thirty people with mild to moderate stroke (nine men, mean age 68, mean time since onset 67 months) attended a single session to assess footwear and foot problems using established podiatry foot (wear) and ankle assessments. RESULTS Most participants wore slippers indoors (n = 17, 57%) and walking shoes outdoors (n = 11, 37%). Over half wore unsupportive ill-fitting shoes indoors and 47% of outdoor shoes fitted badly. All participants had foot problems (mean 6.5 (3.1), 95% CI: 5.4-7.7), including impaired single limb heel raise (93%), reduced range of movement (77%), sensation (47%), and muscle strength (43%). Many had foot-pain, hallux valgus (both 50%), or swollen feet (40%). Foot problems were associated with reduced balance confidence, activity, and community participation (all p < 0.05). A greater proportion of fallers (13/16) than non-fallers (4/14) reported foot problems (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Many community-dwelling people with stroke wore poorly fitting shoes; all had foot problems. Foot problems were linked to reduced mobility. Finding more effective pathways to support people with stroke to select supportive, well-fitting indoor and outdoor footwear is indicated.Implications for rehabilitationPeople with stroke often wear unsupportive ill-fitting shoes and experience foot problems.Assessment of foot problems and footwear advice should be considered during stroke rehabilitation particularly when interventions target fall prevention or improvements in balance and mobility.Information on appropriate footwear and signposting that new shoe purchases should include measuring feet to ensure a good fit is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Kunkel
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Louis Mamode
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Malcolm Burnett
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth Pickering
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dan Bader
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Mark Cole
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ann Ashburn
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Catherine Bowen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Zech A. [The influence of footwear on the human gait]. ORTHOPADIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023:10.1007/s00132-023-04407-0. [PMID: 37369874 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-023-04407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of individual gait and running patterns is influenced by internal (anatomical, anthropometric) and external (activity-related, environmental) factors. The predominantly used rearfoot running style is mainly attributed to the use of cushioned shoes, although from an anthropological perspective running barefoot, and thus running forefoot, is considered to be more natural. Numerous studies have shown a long-term influence of habitual footwear use on foot morphology, running biomechanics and basic motor skills. It has further been shown that an acute change in footwear, e.g. by running barefoot, immediately changes kinematics and vertical load parameters. However, to date, there is no strong evidence for an influence of habitual footwear use or footstrike patterns on the prevalence of injuries or physical complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Zech
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Seidelstr. 20, 07749, Jena, Deutschland.
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Sharma R, Chaudhary NK, Karki M, Sunuwar DR, Singh DR, Pradhan PMS, Gyawali P, Duwal Shrestha SK, Bhandari KK. Effect of platelet-rich plasma versus steroid injection in plantar fasciitis: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:172. [PMID: 36882804 PMCID: PMC9989576 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common orthopaedic problem, with heel pain worsening the quality of life. Although steroid injection is often used if the conservative treatment fails, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) injection is gaining popularity due to its safety and long-lasting effect. However, the effect of PRP versus steroid injection in PF has not been studied yet in Nepal. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of PRP compared with steroid injection in the treatment of PF. METHODS This study was a single-center, hospital-based, open-label, parallel-group randomized clinical trial to compare the effect of PRP injection with steroid injection in plantar fasciitis between August 2020 and March 2022. A total of 90 randomly selected participants aged 18 to 60 years suffering from plantar fasciitis with failed conservative treatment were intervened. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scoring system were used to evaluate functional mobility and pain before and after the intervention for three and six months, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using a Student's two-sample t-test. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The PRP injection showed a better outcome than the steroid injection in six months follow-up. The mean (± SD) VAS score was significantly decreased in the PRP group (1.97 + 1.13) than in the steroid group (2.71 ± 0.94) with the group difference of -0.73 (95% CI: -1.18 to -0.28) at six months. Similarly, there was a significant increase in the AOFAS scores in the PRP group (86.04 ± 7.45) compared to the steroid group (81.23 ± 9.60) at six months of follow-up with a group difference of 4.80 (95% CI: 1.15 to 8.45). There was also a significant reduction of plantar fascia thickness in the PRP group compared to that of the steroid group (3.53 ± 0.81 versus 4.58 ± 1.02) at six months of follow-up with the group difference of -1.04 (95% CI: -1.44 to -0.65). CONCLUSION The PRP injection showed better outcomes than steroid injection in plantar fasciitis treatment over the course of six months. Further research with a larger population and longer follow-up than six months is needed to generalize the findings and their long-term efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04985396. First registered on 02 August 2021. ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04985396 ).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dev Ram Sunuwar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Devendra Raj Singh
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Pranil Man Singh Pradhan
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Tribhuvan, Nepal
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Navarro-Flores E, Losa-Iglesias ME, Casado-Hernández I, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Romero-Morales C, Palomo-López P, López-López D, Jiménez-Cebrián AM. Repeatability and reliability of the footwear assessment tool in Spanish patients: A transcultural adaptation. J Tissue Viability 2023; 32:26-32. [PMID: 36564255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The footwear assessment tool was designed to advise an appropriate footwear for each situation and patient. Footwear alterations structures can influence in musculoskeletal disorders, developing foot ulcers, increase the peak plantar pressure, bacterial growth, low back pain. METHODS To validate the study 101 subjects were recruited. The study was tested by two expert podiatrists using the tool for the assessment of footwear characteristics that is composed by five domains, fit, general features, general structure, motion control properties and cushioning system. Each domain analyzes different shoe items. RESULTS An excellent agreement between the test-retest. A suitable Cronbach's α was suggested for the five domains of fit (α = 0.952), general features (α = 0.953), general structure (α = 0.947), motion control properties (α = 0.951), and cushioning system (α = 0.951). Test-retest reliability was excellent for all domains. There were no significant differences between any domain (p > 0.05). There was only statistically significant difference in the item forefoot height (p = 0.011). For all the domains items there were no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The tool for the assessment European footwear is a suitable repeatability and reliability footwear tool that can be used in Spanish language subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Navarro-Flores
- Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Frailty Research Organizaded Group, Spain.
| | | | - Israel Casado-Hernández
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Carlos Romero-Morales
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Daniel López-López
- Industrial Campus of Ferrol. Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, 15403, Ferrol, Spain.
| | - Ana María Jiménez-Cebrián
- Department Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, c/ Arquitecto Francisco Peñalosa 3, Ampliación del Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Spain.
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11
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Children's foot parameters and basic anthropometry - do arch height and midfoot width change? Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:777-784. [PMID: 36478295 PMCID: PMC9899181 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to assess how foot posture and morphology assessments change according to body mass index (BMI) status; (2) to determine which body composition parameter (BMI or waist circumference) correlates better with the foot posture index (FPI), arch height index (AHI), and midfoot width (MFW) in children. Foot morphometry (FPI, AHI, and MFW) and body composition (BMI and waist circumference (WC)) were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 575 children (mean age = 7.42 ± 1.67 years; 53.27% female). When comparing BMI groups, an increase of 8.3% in AHI and 13.6% in MFW (both p < 0.0001) was seen. In linear regression analyses, BMI and WC were positively associated with MFW explaining together 64.8% of its variance. Noteworthy, MFW is the most related to body composition parameters. CONCLUSION Foot morphology assessed by FPI, AHI, and MFW differs among BMI categories in children. Noteworthy, WC correlates better with foot measures than does the more commonly used BMI, and more importantly the MFW is the foot measure best explained by children's body weight. Since foot morphometry is different among different BMI groups, children would benefit from shoes with different patterns (thinner and wider), as well as a good system to adjust midfoot height. WHAT IS KNOWN • Children who are overweight and obese have flatter feet, when assessed using footprints. • Up to 72% of people have incorrectly fitted shoes. WHAT IS NEW • Children with underweight have thinner and flatter feet than children with normal weight, while children with overweight and obesity have wider and higher arched feet. • Body weight is related to foot shape, which has relevance for footwear manufacturers.
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12
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ÜNVER B, TAŞKIRAN H, AKGÖL AC. Foot Muscle Strength, Muscle Shortness, Balance, and Shoe Preferences in Different Foot Postures. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.714950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the foot muscle strength, muscle shortness, tibialis posterior endurance, balance, and the shoe preference differences between the neutral and pronated foot posture.
Methods: Forty-nine participants consisting of 23 women and 26 men, and age of between 18 and 45 years were participated in the study. Foot posture, medial longitudinal arch height, height, gastrocnemius and hamstring muscle shortness, foot and ankle muscle strength, tibialis
posterior muscle endurance, static balance, and shoe preferences of the participants were evaluated. Subjects were recruited into two groups according to their foot posture evaluated with Foot Posture Index: as those with neutral and pronated foot posture.
Results: Navicular drop, gastrocnemius, and hamstring muscle shortness were significantly higher in participants with pronated foot posture compared to those with neutral foot (p0.05).
Conclusion: Flexibility of gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles were reduced, but foot muscle strength, tibialis posterior muscle endurance, and balance remained unaffected in young individuals with excessive foot pronation. Moreover, shoe preferences may not affect the foot posture in young people. Although all age-related biomechanical effects of foot pronation are not well known yet, muscle shortness seems to arise earlier than muscle weakness and reduced balance in pronated foot posture
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Souza GAD, Cardoso VDF, Barros FCD, Trondoli LHPDC, Moriguchi CS, Sato TDO. Correlation between standing posture during work and low back and lower limb pain among cleaners and caregivers of older adults. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/20028429022022en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Maintaining a standing posture during work has been associated with musculoskeletal symptoms. Few studies, however, assess the standing time using objective measures. Thus, this study aimed to verify whether standing time at work is associated with lower back and lower limb pain in the last seven days and last 12 months in caregivers of older adults and cleaners. This is a cross-sectional study. Standing time at work was quantified using inclinometers attached to the workers’ thigh and spine. Musculoskeletal symptoms were assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the point-biserial correlation coefficient (rpb) between standing time at work and the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms. The analyses were performed using the SPSS software, adopting 5% significance level. Workers spend most of their time standing still (41.3%) or walking (39.3%). The presence of symptoms in the lower back was positively correlated with standing time (rpb=0.52; p<0.05). Walking time was negatively correlated with symptoms at the hip in the last 12 months (rpb=−0.53; p<0.05) and running time with symptoms at the hip, in the last seven days, (rpb=−0.43; p<0.05) and the lower back (rpb=−0.43; p<0.05). Longer standing time was correlated with the presence of symptoms in the lower back. Meanwhile, less time walking and running were correlated with the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the hips and lower back.
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14
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Souza GAD, Cardoso VDF, Barros FCD, Trondoli LHPDC, Moriguchi CS, Sato TDO. Correlação entre a postura em pé durante o trabalho e dor na coluna lombar e nos membros inferiores em trabalhadoras da limpeza e cuidadoras de idosos. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/20028429022022pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A postura em pé durante o trabalho tem sido associada a sintomas musculoesqueléticos. Entretanto, há poucos estudos que avaliam o tempo em pé utilizando medidas objetivas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o tempo em pé no trabalho está associado com dor na coluna lombar e nos membros inferiores nos últimos sete dias e 12 meses em cuidadoras de idosos e trabalhadoras da limpeza. Trata-se de estudo transversal, em que o tempo em pé no trabalho foi quantificado por meio de inclinômetros fixados na coxa e na coluna vertebral, e os sintomas musculoesqueléticos foram avaliados por meio do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. Os dados foram analisados por meio da correlação ponto bisserial (rpb) entre o tempo em pé no trabalho e a presença de sintomas musculoesqueléticos. As análises foram realizadas por meio do software SPSS e o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Verificou-se que as trabalhadoras passam a maior parte do tempo em pé paradas (41,3%) ou andando (39,3%). Houve correlação positiva entre a presença de sintoma na lombar e o tempo em pé (rpb=0,52; p<0,05) e correlação negativa entre o tempo andando e sintomas no quadril (rpb=−0,53; p<0,05) nos últimos 12 meses e o tempo correndo e sintomas no quadril (rpb=−0,43; p<0,05) e na coluna lombar (rpb=−0,43; p<0,05) nos últimos sete dias. O maior tempo em pé foi correlacionado com a presença de sintomas na lombar; enquanto o menor tempo andando e correndo foram correlacionados com a presença de sintomas no quadril e na coluna lombar.
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15
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Chertenko L, Booth BG. Modelling shape and parameterising style: an approach to the design of high-fashion shoe lasts. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2022.2095041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Chertenko
- Department of Design and Technology of Leather Products, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Kyiv, Ukraine
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16
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Menz HB, Lim PQ, Hurn SE, Mickle KJ, Buldt AK, Cotchett MP, Roddy E, Wluka AE, Erbas B, Munteanu SE. Footwear, foot orthoses and strengthening exercises for the non-surgical management of hallux valgus: protocol for a randomised pilot and feasibility trial. J Foot Ankle Res 2022; 15:45. [PMID: 35655233 PMCID: PMC9162879 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-022-00553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hallux valgus is a common and disabling condition. This randomised pilot and feasibility trial aims to determine the feasibility of conducting a fully-powered parallel group randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted non-surgical intervention for reducing pain associated with hallux valgus. Methods Twenty-eight community-dwelling women with painful hallux valgus will be randomised to receive either a multifaceted, non-surgical intervention (footwear, foot orthoses, foot exercises, advice, and self-management) or advice and self-management alone. Outcome measures will be obtained at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome is feasibility, which will be evaluated according to demand, acceptability, adherence, adverse events, and retention rate. Limited efficacy testing will be conducted on secondary outcome measures including foot pain (the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire), foot muscle strength (hand-held dynamometry), general health-related quality of life (the Short Form-12), use of cointerventions, and participants’ perception of overall treatment effect. Biomechanical testing will be conducted at baseline to evaluate the immediate effects of the footwear/orthotic intervention on pressure beneath the foot and on the medial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and hallux. Discussion This study will determine the feasibility of conducting a fully-powered randomised trial of footwear, foot orthoses, foot exercises, advice and self-management for relieving pain associated with hallux valgus and provide insights into potential mechanisms of effectiveness. Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12621000645853). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13047-022-00553-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylton B Menz
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Polly Q Lim
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Sheree E Hurn
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Karen J Mickle
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia
| | - Andrew K Buldt
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Matthew P Cotchett
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Edward Roddy
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, Staffordshire, UK.,Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, ST6 7AG, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Anita E Wluka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Shannon E Munteanu
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
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17
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Laštovička O, Cuberek R, Janura M, Klein T. Evaluation of the Usability of the Tiger Full-Foot Three-Dimensional Scanner for the Measurements of Basic Foot Dimensions in Clinical Practice. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2022; 112:20-019. [PMID: 34698860 DOI: 10.7547/20-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot dimension information is important both for footwear design and clinical applications. In recent years, noncontact three-dimensional (3-D) foot digitizers/scanners have become popular because they are noninvasive and are valid and reliable for most of the measures. Some of them also offer automated calculations of basic foot dimensions. We aimed to determine test-retest reliability, objectivity, and concurrent validity of the Tiger full-foot 3-D scanner and the relationship between manual measures of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and alternative parameters obtained automatically by the scanner. METHODS Intraclass correlation coefficients and minimal detectable change values were used to assess the reliability and objectivity of the scanner. Concurrent validity and the relationships between the arch height measures were determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient and the limits of agreement between the scanner and the caliper method. RESULTS The relative and absolute agreement between the repeated measurements obtained by the scanner show excellent reliability and objectivity of linear measures and only good to nearly good test-retest reliability and objectivity of arch height. Correlations between the values obtained by the scanner and the caliper were generally higher in linear measures (rp ≥ 0.929). The representativeness of state of bony architecture by the soft-tissue margin of the medial foot arch demonstrates the lowest correlation among the measurements (rp ≤ 0.526). CONCLUSIONS The Tiger full-foot 3-D scanner offers excellent reliability and objectivity in linear measures, which correspond to those obtained by the caliper method. However, values obtained by both methods should not be used interchangeably. The arch height measure is less accurate, which could limit its use in some clinical applications. Orthotists and related professions probably appreciate the scanner more than other specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Laštovička
- *Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,†Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Cuberek
- ‡Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Janura
- †Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Klein
- †Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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18
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Breet MC, Venter R. Are habitually barefoot children compelled to wear ill-fitting school shoes? A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:187. [PMID: 35395740 PMCID: PMC8991688 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research shows that ill-fitting shoes can negatively impact the development of the pediatric foot, in a very direct manner. The primary aim of the study was to determine if the dimensions of available prescribed school shoes fit the foot dimensions of habitually barefoot South African children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted where static standing foot measurements of children and adolescents from urban and rural schools were obtained with a mobile caliper. The maximum heel-toe-length and foot width with an added 10 mm toe- and width fit allowance to each participant, were compared to the corresponding school shoe length and shoe width available in retail. A mixed model ANOVA was used to compare foot dimensions between gender, age and side. Results Six hundred and ninety-eight school children (N = 698) (431 girls; 267 boys; average age 10.86 years, SD = 2.55) were participants. A total of seventy-seven (N = 77) black coloured prescribed school shoes currently available in retail ranging from different styles and brands were measured. Results show that, comparing the shoe length and maximum heel-toe-length of participants, as well as taking 10 mm toe allowance into account, fifty-nine percent (59%) of children wore shoes that were not the correct length. With regards to the shoe width and the added 10 mm of width fit allowance, ninety-eight percent (98%) of the shoes worn by participants were too narrow for their feet. Conclusions Results confirmed that school shoes currently available in retail, are not suited for the habitually barefoot population studied. It is recommended that the shoe manufacturing industry should consider the shoe width of school shoes for children and adolescents in habitually barefoot populations to avoid the long-term negative effect of ill-fitting shoes on the pediatric foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise Carina Breet
- Movement Laboratory, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Ranel Venter
- Movement Laboratory, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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19
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Mullins RM, Mannix RE, Marshall NJ, Lewis VJ. Responding to foot health needs of people experiencing homelessness: the role of a publicly funded community-based podiatry service. J Foot Ankle Res 2022; 15:15. [PMID: 35172882 PMCID: PMC8848897 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-022-00518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People experiencing homelessness are known to suffer from poor health and can be reluctant to seek healthcare except in crisis. Foot and ankle problems are a concern; as well as causing discomfort and pain, they may escalate from a minor problem to a very serious one without timely and appropriate treatment. Little is known about the foot and ankle problems of people experiencing homelessness. This paper describes a podiatric service specifically for people experiencing homelessness, which includes a fixed site as well as outreach services. The service operates as part of the Homelessness Team program at Cohealth, a large community health service in Melbourne. Methods The study used routinely collected data. Every person who was seen by the podiatrist in the Cohealth Homelessness Team in 2019, whether on site or on outreach, was included in the study (n = 295). Of these, 156 were attending for the first time and 139 were returning clients. People who used the service were predominantly rough sleeping (45.2%), with 32.2% in unstable or insecure housing and 22.6% recently housed. Results Skin and nail pathologies (68.1%), inadequate footwear (51.9%) and biomechanical issues (44.1%) were the most common presentations. People sleeping rough were particularly likely to present with biomechanical issues (50.8%), acute wound care needs (17.4%) or traumatic injury (10.6%). Most people presented with more than one issue (mean = 2.4), and new clients (mean = 2.53) and those rough sleeping (mean = 2.69) had more issues than others. Outreach was the most effective way to reach clients in the most difficult circumstances (48.9% of those in unstable housing, 34.8% of rough sleepers). Most of the clients (81.4%) had connections with other services offered by Cohealth, such as social work or physiotherapy. Conclusions This study demonstrated that reaching and intervening on foot and ankle problems of people experiencing homelessness who may not seek care on their own could be achieved through a publicly funded health service, using simplified pathways to care including outreach. In addition to the long- and short- term benefits of the immediate podiatric treatment, building trust and connections through footcare may provide an entry point into accepting other health and welfare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Mullins
- Centre for Health Systems Development, Australian Institute for Primary Care and Ageing, La Trobe University, Plenty Rd & Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Mannix
- cohealth Melbourne, 53 Victoria St, Melbourne, VIC, 3055, Australia.
| | | | - Virginia J Lewis
- Centre for Health Systems Development, Australian Institute for Primary Care and Ageing, La Trobe University, Plenty Rd & Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
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Ellis S, Branthwaite H, Chockalingam N. Evaluation and optimisation of a footwear assessment tool for use within a clinical environment. J Foot Ankle Res 2022; 15:12. [PMID: 35144665 PMCID: PMC8829975 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-022-00519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Footwear has been documented as a significant factor in the aetiology of foot pain in the general population. Assessing footwear in a clinical setting continues to be practitioner specific and there is limited guidance to direct advice. Health professionals must have access to clinically appropriate and reliable footwear assessment tools to educate patients on healthier footwear choices. The primary aim of this study was to critique what elements should be in a footwear assessment tool with a secondary aim of testing the agreed tool for validity. A combined Nominal Group Technique and then a Delphi technique from purposively sampled experts of foot health professions were employed to critique elements of footwear assessment. The agreed tool was then tested by practising podiatrists on 5 different shoes to assess the validity and reliability of the measures. Twelve test evaluation criteria were identified receiving significant ratings to form the final footwear assessment tool consisting of five footwear themes. Application of the tool in a clinical setting validated the themes of footwear characteristics, footwear structure, motion control and wear patterns. However, the assessment of footwear fit was not reliable. The footwear tool was refined based on the collective consensus achieved from the rounds creating a more clinically appropriate tool. The validity of this tool was assessed as high in some of the themes but for those that were lower, a training need was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ellis
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, ST4 2DF, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - Helen Branthwaite
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, ST4 2DF, Stoke on Trent, UK.
| | - Nachiappan Chockalingam
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, ST4 2DF, Stoke on Trent, UK
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Pérez-Belloso AJ, Montaño-Jiménez P, Algaba-Del-Castillo J, Coheña-Jiménez M. Impact of foot health behavior among ethnic minority populations: A cross-sectional population-based study. Public Health Nurs 2022; 39:736-743. [PMID: 34981857 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of the foot health and health behavior and the characteristics of outdoor footwear among minority ethnic groups. DESIGN AND MEASURES A cross-sectional study design using the Foot Health Status Questionnaire: foot pain, foot function, shoe, general foot health, general health, physical activity, social capacity, and vigor. Outcomes included the self-reported type of outdoor footwear and clinical characteristics by sex were collected in 2019-2020. SAMPLE A total of 78 Roma participants self-identified as members of this ethnic minority and 72 participants non-Roma were assessed (n = 150). RESULTS The lower score values was recorded in the footwear and general foot health domains in Roma population. General population obtained higher scores in general health domains. The most common outdoor footwear types were running shoes and walking shoes in non-Roma population, versus flip flops and slippers in Roma population. Clinical characteristics did not show any statistically significant differences (p < .05). CONCLUSION Roma people wear flip flops and slippers and non-Roma people running shoes and walking shoes. These findings reveal cultural differences that make it easier for the Roma population to experience a greater burden of foot health problems. General foot health and foot pain dimensions show statistically significant differences among ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Montaño-Jiménez
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Coheña-Jiménez
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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22
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A Nonhealing Wound on the Right Heel. J Nurse Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bersotti FM, Mochizuki L, Brech GC, Soares ALDS, Soares-Junior JM, Baracat EC, Greve JMD, Alonso AC. The variability of isokinetic ankle strength is different in healthy older men and women. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100125. [PMID: 36327639 PMCID: PMC9636544 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT In the elderly, weak lower limb muscles impair functional tasks' performance. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the healthy elderly's ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion maximum torque and its variability in two sets of 5 RM isokinetics evaluation. METHOD 50 women (68.0 ± 4.6 years old) and 50 men (72.7 ± 8.5 years old) did two sets of ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor isokinetic tests at 30°/s. Peak torque, total work, and coefficient of variation were analyzed. RESULTS Men did the strongest plantarflexion torque (p < 0.05) and dorsiflexion torque (p < 0.05); their highest peak torque occurred at set 2 (p < 0.05), while the largest plantarflexion torque variability (p < 0.05), dorsiflexion torque variability (p < 0.05), and the largest plantarflexion torque variability occurred at set 1 (p < 0.05). Men did the highest plantarflexion and dorsiflexion total work (p < 0.05) at set 2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Older men are stronger than older women. The torque variability, in men, was higher during the first set, suggesting an adaptation to the isokinetics evaluation. Clinicians and researchers should consider that different muscles might need different numbers of sets and trials to measure their maximal muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Mochizuki
- School of Arts Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Carlos Brech
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Jose Maria Soares-Junior
- Discipline of Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Discipline of Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria D'Andrea Greve
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelica Castilho Alonso
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Beuscher TL. The Importance of Shoe Selection: Clinical Practice Alert. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2022; 49:87-88. [PMID: 35040818 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Beuscher
- Tara L. Beuscher, DNP, RN, GCNS-BC, ANP-BC, CWOCN, CFCN, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
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Copper AW, Scharfbillig R, Nguyen TP, Collins C. Identifying lower limb problems and the types of safety footwear worn in the Australian wine industry: a cross-sectional survey. J Foot Ankle Res 2021; 14:58. [PMID: 34844650 PMCID: PMC8628050 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-021-00495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Australian wine industry is a valuable part of the wider Australian economy worth approximately A$45 billion annually and employs 163,790 people either full time or part time. Australian agricultural industries are amongst the nation's most dangerous workplaces with joint, ligament, muscle and tendon injuries being commonplace along with wounds, lacerations and musculoskeletal diseases. It is therefore important to try and minimise the risk of injuries to workers. The aims of this study were to (1) identify whether lower limb problems occur in the Australian wine industry and (2) identify the types of safety footwear worn. METHODS Participants were recruited from the Australian wine industry. The study was a cross-sectional anonymous survey of 82 questions with n = 207 respondents. Questions related to job role performed, types of lower limb problems experienced, level of pain, restriction of activities, types of footwear worn, general health and physical health. RESULTS The main working roles were winery (73.4%), vineyard (52.2%), laboratory (39.6%), cellar door (32.4%) and office (8.2%), with 63.3% of participants working in more than one role. Lower back pain was the most commonly reported problem at 56% followed by foot pain (36.7%), knee pain (24.6%), leg pain (21.3%), ankle pain (17.9%), hip pain (15.5%), toe pain (13%) and heel pain (11.1%). The most popular footwear used by participants were elastic sided safety boots, followed by high cut lace up safety boots with side zip. Overall, although the pain experienced was moderate, it did not impact the workers ability to perform their duties and the majority self-reported as being in very good general and physical health. CONCLUSION To date no data have been published on the types of lower limb problems or the types of safety footwear worn in the Australian wine industry. This study is the first to demonstrate that elastic sided safety boots were the most popular amongst respondents and that lower limb problems occur with workers. Therefore, further research into the safety footwear used in the Australian wine industry is needed to better support workers health while working in their varied roles and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Willem Copper
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide. PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.
| | - Rolf Scharfbillig
- School of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Thuy Phuong Nguyen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Cassandra Collins
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide. PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
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Nesterovica D, Vaivads N, Stepens A. Relationship of footwear comfort, selected size, and lower leg overuse injuries among infantry soldiers. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:952. [PMID: 34781944 PMCID: PMC8594192 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High rates of musculoskeletal injuries such as plantar fasciitis and stress fractures have been observed among physically active military personnel. During service time, infantry soldiers use issued boots daily that should fit well and provide comfort to prevent injuries and decrease lower extremity pain effectively. The association of military boot comfort with overuse injuries remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between the chosen military boot size, perceived boot comfort and lower leg overuse injury. METHODS During the cross-sectional study, 227 (males, n = 213; females, n = 14) active-duty infantry soldiers at a mean age of 29.5 years old, and with an average service time of 7.2 years were assessed for a history of overuse injury, footprint length, appropriate shoe size, and footwear comfort. Males with a history of overuse injury (n = 32) and non-injured age-matched controls (n = 34) were selected for detailed testing and establishing the possible relationship between footwear comfort and lower leg overuse injury. RESULTS No relationship was found between footwear comfort and a history of lower leg overuse injury. N = 38 (57.6%) of study subjects were wearing an inappropriate shoe size daily. Inappropriate shoe size usage affected footwear comfort ratings significantly. CONCLUSIONS Study results showed that improper boot size was significantly related to comfort ratings but was not associated with a history of lower leg overuse injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Nesterovica
- Military Medicine Research and Study Centre, Rīga Stradiņš University, 14 Baložu Street, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia.
| | - Normunds Vaivads
- Latvian National Armed Forces Joint Headquarters Medical Service, Kadaga, 2103, Latvia
| | - Ainars Stepens
- Military Medicine Research and Study Centre, Rīga Stradiņš University, 14 Baložu Street, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
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González-Elena ML, Castro-Méndez A, Coheña-Jiménez M, Córdoba-Fernández A. Relationship of the Use of Short Footwear with the Development of Hallux Valgus in a Sample of Andalusian Schoolchildren. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111244. [PMID: 34769761 PMCID: PMC8583135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown the relationship between poor footwear fit and the risk of feet deformities. The available evidence seems to show that the development of hallux valgus deformity in the feet of schoolchildren may be related to the use of shoes that are poorly fitting in length. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationship between poor footwear fit in length and risk of developing hallux valgus. Methods: Using an instrument that was designed and calibrated for this purpose, maximum foot length was obtained and compared to the inner length of the shoe in 187 schoolchildren. Hallux valgus angle (HVA) was measured on weight-bearing podogram image obtained from the longest foot in 188 schoolchildren. Results: By default, the footwear was poorly fitting in length (too short or close-fitting) in 38.5% of the schoolchildren, with boys having the worst footwear fit; though no significant differences stood out. (p = 0.276). Regarding the HVA, no significant differences were recorded according to age or gender (p = 0.573). A strong correlation was observed between too-short footwear and the increase in HVA in 10-year-old boys (r = 0.817; p = 0.025) and in 9-year-old girls (r = 0.705; p = 0.005). Conclusions: Inadequate footwear fit in length may be a predisposing extrinsic risk factor for the development of hallux valgus in schoolchildren of both sexes. Results of the present study demonstrate the need to adapt the sizes of footwear to the rapid increase in foot-length that occur at puberty to avoid the risk of developing hallux valgus, especially at the ages of onset pubertal foot growth.
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Tajerian M, Garcia J. Garments and Footwear for Chronic Pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:757240. [PMID: 35295438 PMCID: PMC8915652 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.757240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In most human societies, wearing clothing and shoes, particularly in public settings, is commonplace and may even be legally required. Consequently, there is an abundance of clothing and footwear options for individuals of different ages, genders, body shapes and catering to different needs such as workwear and active-wear. However, many of the available options may not be viable for the millions and pain sufferers worldwide, indicating a need for adaptive apparel for the pain patient. In this perspective manuscript, we focus on the availability and efficacy of clothing designed to prevent pain in the general population as well as reduce or treat pain in pain patients. Furthermore, we put forth some considerations for the construction of adaptive garments. Such efforts and needed and could significantly improve well-being and quality of life in the pain patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Tajerian
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Maral Tajerian
| | - Jaqueline Garcia
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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Davis IS, Hollander K, Lieberman DE, Ridge ST, Sacco ICN, Wearing SC. Stepping Back to Minimal Footwear: Applications Across the Lifespan. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:228-243. [PMID: 34091498 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Minimal footwear has existed for tens of thousands of years and was originally designed to protect the sole of the foot. Over the past 50 yr, most footwear has become increasingly more cushioned and supportive. Here, we review evidence that minimal shoes are a better match to our feet, which may result in a lower risk of musculoskeletal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene S Davis
- Spaulding National Running Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA
| | - Sarah T Ridge
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Isabel C N Sacco
- Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Matthias EC, Banwell HA, Arnold JB. Methods for assessing footwear comfort: a systematic review. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2021.1961879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa C. Matthias
- Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Helen A. Banwell
- Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John B. Arnold
- Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Matthias E, Banwell HA, Arnold JB. Children's school footwear: The impact of fit on foot function, comfort and jump performance in children aged 8 to 12 years. Gait Posture 2021; 87:87-94. [PMID: 33895636 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a common perception that poorly fitting footwear will negatively impact a child's foot, however, there is limited evidence to support this. AIM To determine the effect of shoe size on foot motion, perceived footwear comfort and fit during walking, maximal vertical jump height and maximal standing broad jump distance in children aged 8-12 years. METHODS Fourteen participants completed 3D walking gait analysis and jumping tasks in three different sizes of school shoes (one size bigger, fitted for size, one size smaller). In-shoe motion of the hindfoot, midfoot and 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MTPJ) were calculated using a multi-segment kinematic foot model. Physical performance measures were calculated via maximal vertical jump and maximal standing broad jump. Perceived footwear comfort and fit (heel, toes and overall) was assessed using a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). Differences were compared between shoe sizes using repeated measures ANOVA, post-hoc tests and effect sizes (Cohen's d). RESULTS Compared to the fitted footwear, the smaller sizing restricted hindfoot eversion (-2.5°, p = 0.021, d = 0.82), 1st MTPJ dorsiflexion (-3.9°, p = 0.012, d = 0.54), and compared to the bigger footwear, smaller sizing restricted sagittal plane midfoot range-of-motion during walking (-2.5°, p = 0.047, d = 0.59). The fitted footwear was rated as more comfortable overall with the smaller size rated as too tight in both the heel (mean difference 11.5 mm, p = 0.042, d = 0.58) and toes (mean difference 12.1 mm, p = 0.022, d = 0.59), compared to the fitted size. Vertical and standing broad jump distance were not impacted by footwear size (p = 0.218-0.836). SIGNIFICANCE Footwear that is too small restricts foot motion during walking in children aged 8-12 years. Jump performance was not affected. Children were able to recognise shoes that were not correctly matched to their foot length, reinforcing that comfort is an important part of the fitting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Matthias
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Helen Ann Banwell
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - John Bradley Arnold
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; IIMPACT in Health, Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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Environmental Factors as a Cause of Differences in the Feet of Ecuadorian Children and Its Relation to Their Footwear. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8060459. [PMID: 34072798 PMCID: PMC8229646 DOI: 10.3390/children8060459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in foot measurements of Ecuadorian children according to their geographical location of residence, taking into account climatic differences (1). A total of 1662 children (2) participated in the study. Three groups were established: coast, mountains and amazonia. The type of footwear (3) used was recorded and the lengths, widths, perimeters, heights and angles of both (4) feet were analyzed with a 3D foot digitizer (5). The variable ‘fitting of the foot to footwear’ was also obtained. Children living in coastal areas presented greater lengths, widths, perimeters and heights compared to those living in the mountain (p > 0.001) and amazonia (p < 0.001) between ages 5 to 13. Mountain residents showed a greater first toe angle than coast residents (p > 0.001) aged 8 to 17. Children used shoes smaller than required by their foot length (p < 0.01). Ecuadorian children from the coast presented longer and wider feet with higher foot arches, whilst those from mountains presented greater first toe angle. The studied sample used footwear up to one size smaller than the size corresponding to their foot length. The fitting and type of footwear used according to climatic differences could be interfering with normal foot development.
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Stolt M, Kilkki M, Katajisto J, Suhonen R. Self-assessed foot health in older people with rheumatoid arthritis-A cross-sectional study. Int J Older People Nurs 2021; 16:e12380. [PMID: 34008331 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot and ankle problems are especially common in patients with RA, causing significant disability and limitation in daily activities. Previous studies have mainly focussed on foot problems in the adult population whilst the evidence of foot health in the older population is scarce. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to analyse self-assessed foot health and associated factors in older people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The study applied a descriptive cross-sectional survey design and recruited older people with RA from the member register of one patient association. We collected the data in January 2019 with the Self-administered Foot Health Assessment Instrument, and sociodemographic and foot-related background questions and analysed the data with descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS Older people with RA had many self-reported foot problems. The most common problems were foot pain, dry skin and thickened toenails. In addition, structural deformities of the foot were prevalent. The level of foot health associated with the amount of daily walking or standing, and using walking or running shoes outdoors. Individuals who had consulted a physician due to their foot problems had more structural deformities in the foot. Foot problems limited their ability to perform daily activities. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that older people with RA not only live with a long-term health condition, but they also live with complex foot problems. Older people with RA need healthcare services due to their foot problems. There is a need to develop and implement care practices to alleviate foot pain and support and promote foot health and functional ability in older people with RA. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE Understanding the nature and consequences of foot problems in older people with RA allows healthcare professionals to perform more accurate clinical foot evaluations and develop effective interventions to prevent further foot problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Stolt
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mia Kilkki
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Katajisto
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Suhonen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Hodgson L, Hodges M, Williams AE, Nester CJ, Morrison SC. The "price-tag" of foot health in infancy and early childhood: a cross sectional survey of UK parents. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:1561-1570. [PMID: 33449220 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children's feet are complex structures and strategies for supporting good foot health throughout childhood can be challenging. Greater awareness of the contemporary factors influencing decisions, such as footwear purchases, is needed to inform health narratives which are more closely aligned to parents' attitude and behaviours. The aim of this study was to explore parent's knowledge of children's foot health, understand the common foot health concerns and experiences with footcare services. A purposeful sampling approach was used to recruit parents of children aged 5 years and under. Participants completed a self-administered, online survey which consisted of 39 questions across six sections: (1) Participant demographics; (2) Developmental events (milestones such as crawling and walking); (3) Foot health concerns; (4) Developmental aids (products such as baby bouncers and baby walkers); (5) Footwear; and (6) Foot health information. Both adaptive and mandatory questions were used. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise closed-ended questions, and a summative content analysis was adopted to draw inferences from the text data. Two-hundred thirty-nine parents completed the survey, and this represented female participants (n = 213) aged between the ages 34-42 (n = 126) or 25-34 (n = 83) years of age. The survey generated responses from a wide geographical spread across the UK, but the majority of these were from the North West of England (n = 75) and South East of England (n = 46). Four main themes were drawn from the content analysis: (1) foot health concerns and seeking advice; (2) information and advice; (3) how parents support infant milestone events; and (4) footwear.Conclusion: This work provides insight into parents' perspective on the broad topics of children's foot health, identifying common experiences and concerns about their children's foot health and the factors which influence decision making. Understanding more about these issues will help health professionals support parents during infancy and early years. What is Known: • Maintaining good foot health throughout childhood is important and many factors influence decision making. • There is little understanding about how parents care for their children feet and their understanding of good foot health practices and services. What is New: • Insight into the common factors which influence parents' approaches to supporting early development and the typical concerns that parents encountered about their children's overall foot health and footwear. • Identifies areas of children's foot health for health professionals to target when developing information sources for parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hodgson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Aldro Building, 49 Darley Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN20 7UR, UK.
| | - Molly Hodges
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Aldro Building, 49 Darley Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN20 7UR, UK
| | - Anita E Williams
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, PO 29 & 33, Brian Blatchford Building, Frederick Road, Salford, M6 6PU, UK
| | - Chris J Nester
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, PO 29 & 33, Brian Blatchford Building, Frederick Road, Salford, M6 6PU, UK
| | - Stewart C Morrison
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Robert Dodd Building, 49 Darley Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN20 7UR, UK
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Andrews NA, Ray J, Dib A, Harrelson WM, Khurana A, Singh MS, Shah A. Diagnosis and conservative management of great toe pathologies: a review. Postgrad Med 2021; 133:409-420. [PMID: 33622169 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1895587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute great toe (Hallux) pain is a common complaint encountered by the primary care physician. Pathological conditions can vary from acute trauma to acute exacerbation of underlying chronic conditions. Delay in treatment or misdiagnosis can lead to debilitating loss of function and long-lasting pain. This review endeavors to discuss the pertinent history, physical exam findings, radiographic evidence, conservative treatment options, and surgical management for the musculoskeletal causes of acute and acute on chronic great toe pain in the adult population. The acute pathologies discussed in this review are hallux fractures and dislocations, turf toe, sand toe, and sesamoid disorders. The chronic pathologies discussed include hallux rigidus, hallux valgus, and chronic sesamoiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Andrews
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jessyca Ray
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aseel Dib
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Whitt M Harrelson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ankit Khurana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. BSA Medical College, Rohini, Delhi, India
| | - Maninder Shah Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Rohini, Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Alshehri MA, Alzaidi J, Alasmari S, Alfaqeh A, Arif M, Alotaiby SF, Alzahrani H. The Prevalence and Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Pain Among Pilgrims During the Hajj. J Pain Res 2021; 14:369-380. [PMID: 33603452 PMCID: PMC7881773 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s293338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal pain is a primary burden on individuals as well as social and health care systems. Annually, 2-3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The Hajj is highly physically demanding because pilgrims generally move by foot for long distances among a series of religious sites, an effort that may exceed their typical levels of physical activity. To understand the impact of musculoskeletal pain on the completion of the Hajj, it is first necessary to evaluate the extent of the problem. Accordingly, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and associated factors among pilgrims during the Hajj. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period of the Hajj. The participants were adult pilgrims ≥ 18 years of age. Data regarding demographics, the prevalence of falls and the point prevalence of musculoskeletal pain by anatomical site were recorded. Participants were allowed to report more than one site of pain. Prevalence, crude and adjusted risk ratios were calculated. RESULTS A total of 1715 pilgrims were included in the analysis. The prevalence of falls was 13.76%. The prevalence of overall musculoskeletal pain (pain at any site) was 80.46%. Musculoskeletal pain was most commonly reported in the ankle/foot (38.34%), leg (29.89%), lower back (28.47%) and knee (21.84%). In general, musculoskeletal pain at multiple sites was more common in females and in older and obese individuals. However, there were variations in the importance of sex, age and body mass index as associated factors across different pain sites. CONCLUSION Musculoskeletal pain is common among pilgrims. Unlike most populations examined in other studies, ankle/foot pain was the most common in pilgrims. These data provide guidance for potential preventative programs and the allocation of resources to optimize pilgrims' experiences and ability to complete the Hajj.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Abdullah Alshehri
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamal Alzaidi
- Medical Rehabilitation Department, Makkah Health Affairs General Directorate, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alasmari
- Medical Rehabilitation Department, Makkah Health Affairs General Directorate, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alfaqeh
- Medical Rehabilitation Department, Makkah Health Affairs General Directorate, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Medical Rehabilitation Department, Makkah Health Affairs General Directorate, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hosam Alzahrani
- Physiotherapy Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Amiez N, Cometti C, Mouillon É, Teisseire MJ, Chenut P, Paizis C, Babault N. Effects of Balance Shoes on Balance and Postural Stability in the Elderly: A Crossover, Controlled, Randomized Single-Blind Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:179. [PMID: 33567648 PMCID: PMC7915041 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of falling increases with age. Individuals wearing unadapted shoes present an aggravating risk factor. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of specifically designed balance shoes on balance and postural stability in healthy elderly people compared to that of their usual shoes. In total, 21 healthy individuals aged 65-84 years (76.0 ± 8.0 years) performed balance tests (bipedal with open or closed eyes, unipedal with open eyes, limits of stability, and step cadence) while wearing their (i) personal shoes or (ii) balance shoes (Axis Comfort Development©). Three test sessions were conducted with personal and balance shoes. The first served as the baseline, and the other two were performed after a familiarization period of several days with the personal or balance shoes. The perception of balance shoe efficiency was documented using a questionnaire. The balance shoes significantly improved bipedal balance with closed eyes. Moreover, the familiarization period significantly improved unipedal balance with open eyes. Most subjects felt safer and stabler using balance shoes. The investigated specifically designed balance shoes were effective in elderly individuals in improving postural balance compared to personal shoes. The balance shoes could, therefore, reduce the falling risk in healthy elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Amiez
- Center for Performance Expertise, CAPS, U1093 INSERM, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon CEDEX, France; (N.A.); (C.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Carole Cometti
- Center for Performance Expertise, CAPS, U1093 INSERM, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon CEDEX, France; (N.A.); (C.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Éric Mouillon
- Axis Comfort Development, 81 Avenue des Bourdettes, 31250 Revel, France; (É.M.); (M.J.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Marie José Teisseire
- Axis Comfort Development, 81 Avenue des Bourdettes, 31250 Revel, France; (É.M.); (M.J.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Pascal Chenut
- Axis Comfort Development, 81 Avenue des Bourdettes, 31250 Revel, France; (É.M.); (M.J.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Christos Paizis
- Center for Performance Expertise, CAPS, U1093 INSERM, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon CEDEX, France; (N.A.); (C.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Nicolas Babault
- Center for Performance Expertise, CAPS, U1093 INSERM, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon CEDEX, France; (N.A.); (C.C.); (C.P.)
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Ray J, Andrews NA, Dib A, Harrelson WM, Khurana A, Singh MS, Shah A. Management of acute lesser toe pain. Postgrad Med 2021; 133:320-329. [PMID: 33406375 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1873581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with foot pain commonly present to their primary care physicians for their initial management and treatment. These patients and their respective foot or lesser toe pain can present the physician with a complex problem with a long differential list. Depending on the timing of the pain and underlying pathology, these differentials can be divided into acute and acute exacerbation of chronic conditions. This review categorizes the history, physical exam, radiological findings, conservative treatment, and surgical management for each major cause of lesser toe pain, whether acute or chronic. The acute conditions surrounding lesser toe pain in the adult population discussed are toe fractures, toe dislocations, and metatarsal head and neck fractures. The chronic pathologies surrounding lesser toe pain in the adult population evaluated in this review include metatarsalgia, Morton's neuroma, Freiberg infraction, brachymetatarsia, bunionettes, and lesser toe disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessyca Ray
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nicholas A Andrews
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aseel Dib
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Whitt M Harrelson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ankit Khurana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. BSA Medical College, Delhi, India
| | - Maninder Shah Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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James K, Orkaby AR, Schwartz AW. Foot Examination for Older Adults. Am J Med 2021; 134:30-35. [PMID: 32805226 PMCID: PMC9614715 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The foot changes with age. Foot disorders in older adults are associated with falls, lower limb ulcers, and pain. Physical examination of the feet as part of the routine assessment of older adults is imperative to detect foot problems. Foot pain and pathologies are common in older adults. Regular foot care is important to prevent these issues. However, some older adults may find it difficult to complete foot care, including cutting toenails. Regular foot examination can detect common foot problems, functional decline, and is recommended for preventing falls. We describe a technique for performing a focused examination of the feet for older adults. This review addresses current podiatric issues in older patient populations and describes a method for foot examination to address the needs of older adults that can be incorporated into patient assessments in any clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstyn James
- New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass; Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Ariela R Orkaby
- New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine/Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Andrea Wershof Schwartz
- New England Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine/Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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40
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Novo-Trillo E, López-López D, de Labra C, Losa-Iglesias ME, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Calvo-Lobo C, Romero-Morales C, San-Antolín-Gil M. Impact of Footwear and Foot Deformities in patients with Parkinson's disease: A Case-Series Study. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:372-377. [PMID: 33390806 PMCID: PMC7757138 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and complex neurological problem. Gait abnormalities are frequent in PD patients, and this increases the risk of falls. However, little is known about foot deformities and footwear in this vulnerable population. Here we investigate whether patients with PD use an appropriate shoe size and know if they have foot deformities or alterations. Methodology: A study of a series of observational descriptive cases in a convenience sample (n = 53 patients) diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. One trained investigator evaluated foot and ankle health. The footwear and foot measurements were obtained using a Brannock device. Results: The podiatric examination and footwear examination detected a high presence of podiatric pathologies and inappropriate footwear. This has a negative impact on the quality of life of these patients. Conclusions: This research detected an elevated number of people with foot deformities or alterations. Moreover, a high proportion of participants with PD wear inadequate footwear (in length, width, or both).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Novo-Trillo
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group. Department of Health Sciences. Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry. Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Group. Department of Health Sciences. Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry. Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Carmen de Labra
- NEUROcom, School of Health Sciences University of A Coruna, and Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC - UdC, A Coruna, Spain
| | | | | | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Romero-Morales
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta San-Antolín-Gil
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
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41
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Beliche TWDO, Hamu TCDDS, Santos RND, Toledo RCD, Bizinotto T, Porto CC, Formiga CKMR. Intra- and inter-rater reliability in the assessment and classification of the longitudinal plantar arch of children 6 to 10 years of age. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420210000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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42
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Kinz W, Groll-Knapp E, Kundi M. Hallux valgus in pre-school-aged children: the effects of too-short shoes on the hallux angle and the effects of going barefoot on podiatric health. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2020.1853826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wieland Kinz
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Groll-Knapp
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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43
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Fujii K, Komoda T, Maekawa A, Nishikawa M. Foot care knowledge and practices among Japanese nurses and care workers in home care and adult service center: a cross- sectional study. BMC Nurs 2020; 19:75. [PMID: 32782433 PMCID: PMC7412637 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-020-00467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Foot care knowledge and practices among nurses and care workers in the community greatly impact foot health maintenance and prevention of foot-related problems among older people. This study aimed to explore and examine the current foot care knowledge, practices, and perceptions among nurses and care workers at home care and adult day service center, along with their demographic characteristics and daily care for clients. Methods This study analyzed 232 randomly selected front-line nurses and care workers working at home care or adult day service center in one of the selected cities, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Data were obtained using questionnaires and subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Chi-square tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and Spearman's rank correlation tests. Results Among the 305 surveyed, 232 (62 nurses; 170 care workers) provided data. Although 57 nurses (91.9%) and 142 care workers (83.5%) showed interest in foot care, 33 nurses (53.2%) and 133 care workers (78.2%) stated that foot care education was insufficient. Knowledge and practice scores were associated with working status.Higher accuracy differences in the early detection of foot problems and skin tears on lower limbs in knowledge category were observed between nurses and care workers. The nurses as well as the care workers had low accuracy rates of knowledge questions regarding the use of shoes and socks subscale.For practice, both nurses and care workers had low mean scores for checking client's shoes (2.0/5.0 and 2.1/5.0, respectively), method for reducing ingrown nail pain (2.6/5.0 and 1.9/5.0, respectively), and opportunity for discussing foot care with others (2.7/5.0 and 2.2/5.0, respectively). A significant correlation between knowledge and practice scores was observed among nurses (0.331, p < 0.05) and care workers (0.339, p < 0.001). Conclusions Despite the presence of several barriers toward enhanced care delivery to clients needing it most, nurses and care workers clearly understood the importance of foot care. These findings indicate that foot care should be focused by nurses and care workers to improve the knowledge and practice of foot care and to suggest future implications that efficient and understandable tools are needed considering their current working situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashiko Fujii
- Graduate School of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Nagoya University, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture 461-8673 Japan
| | - Takuyuki Komoda
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gifu Heart Center, 4-14-4 Yabuta Minami, Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture 500-8384 Japan
| | - Atsuko Maekawa
- Faculty of Nursing, Shubun University, 6 Nikko-cho, Ichinomiya-City, Aichi Prefecture 491-0938 Japan
| | - Mariko Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Nursing, University of Human Environments, 3-220 Ebata-Cho, Obu City, Aichi Prefecture 4740035 Japan
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Jalali A, Azadinia F, Jalali M, Saeedi H, Shahabi S, Rajabi Moghadam A. Evaluating shoe fit in older adults using a 3D scanner: a cross-sectional observational study. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2020.1790671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azin Jalali
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadinia
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalali
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Saeedi
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rajabi Moghadam
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hassan NM, Buldt AK, Shields N, Landorf KB, Menz HB, Munteanu SE. Reproducibility of foot dimensions measured from 3-dimensional foot scans in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. J Foot Ankle Res 2020; 13:31. [PMID: 32498702 PMCID: PMC7271427 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-00403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents with Down syndrome have a distinctive foot shape (such as wide and flat feet) that often leads to difficulty with footwear fitting. 3-dimensional (3D) scanning can accurately measure the foot dimensions of individuals with Down syndrome, which may assist shoe fit. However, the reproducibility of measuring foot dimensions using 3D scans in children and adolescents with Down syndrome is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the intra- and inter-rater reproducibility of measuring foot dimensions of children and adolescents with Down syndrome using 3D scanning. METHODS 3D foot scans of 30 participants with Down syndrome aged 5 to 17 years were obtained using the FotoScan 3D scanner. Foot dimensions assessed were foot length, ball of foot length, outside ball of foot length, diagonal foot width, horizontal foot width, heel width, ball girth, instep girth, first and fifth toe height, and instep height. Additionally, the Wesjflog Index and forefoot shape were determined. Measurements were completed by two raters independently on two separate occasions, 2 weeks apart. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Gwet's AC1 statistics with 95% confidence intervals. Agreement was determined by calculating limits of agreement (LOA) and percentage agreement. RESULTS Eighteen participants were female and 12 were male (mean age 10.6 [3.9] years). Intra-rater reproducibility (ICCs ranged from 0.74 to 0.99, 95% LOA from - 13.7 mm to 16.3 mm) and inter-rater reproducibility (ICCs ranging from 0.73 to 0.99, 95% LOA from - 18.8 mm to 12.7 mm) was good to excellent, although some measurements (ball of foot length, outside ball of foot length, heel width and girth measurements) displayed wider LOAs indicating relatively poorer agreement. Forefoot shape displayed substantial to almost perfect reliability (Gwet's AC1 0.68 to 0.85) and percentage agreement ranged from 73 to 87%, indicating acceptable agreement. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of specific foot dimensions of children and adolescents with Down syndrome using 3D scans is reproducible. Findings of this study may be used to support future research measuring specific foot dimensions of children and adolescents with Down syndrome using 3D foot scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmeen M Hassan
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia. .,Living with Disability Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Andrew K Buldt
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Nora Shields
- Living with Disability Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Karl B Landorf
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,Living with Disability Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Hylton B Menz
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Shannon E Munteanu
- Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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46
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Sotrate Gonçalves J, de Oliveira Sato T. Factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms and heart rate variability among cleaners - cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:774. [PMID: 32448172 PMCID: PMC7247127 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The professionals who perform cleaning activity constitute a major economic sector in Brazil. Cleaners may develop health problems related to the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. It is necessary to understand the working and health conditions of cleaners in Brazil. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms and heart rate variability (HRV) among cleaners. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted at a public higher education institution with 45 outsourced cleaners following approval from the institutional ethics committee. The participants answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic, occupational and health data, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, the Physical Activity Questionnaire (work and leisure) and the short version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. Clinical data (height, body mass, waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure) and heart rate variability (HRV) were also collected. Logistic and linear regression models were created to identify factors associated with symptoms and HRV. RESULTS The sample consisted of women (100%) predominantly older than 50 years of age (44%), without a conjugal life (64%), with three or more children (59%), low educational level (58%) and who worked less than 12 months at the company (87%). Systemic arterial hypertension (23%) was the most reported health problem. The highest frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms was identified in the lower limbs (ankles/feet: 31% in the previous 12 months and 24% in the previous 7 days; knees: 31% in the previous 12 months and 20% in the previous 7 days). Moreover, the workers reported not practicing physical activity during leisure time (84%). Psychosocial aspects indicated health risks for the dimensions "influence at work" (74%), "burnout" (59%) and "stress" (52%). Associations were found between ankle/foot symptoms and body mass index, shoulder symptoms and predictability, and knee symptoms and self-rated health and burnout. HRV indices were associated with age. CONCLUSIONS This study outlined the profile of female cleaners and identified risk factors. The workers exhibited musculoskeletal symptoms, which were associated with the body mass index and some psychosocial factors. HRV indices were associated with age. Thus, health promotion and prevention measures should be taken to benefit this population of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Sotrate Gonçalves
- Physical Therapy Department, Laboratory of Preventive Physical Therapy and Ergonomics (LAFIPE), Physical Therapy Postgraduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Tatiana de Oliveira Sato
- Physical Therapy Department, Laboratory of Preventive Physical Therapy and Ergonomics (LAFIPE), Physical Therapy Postgraduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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47
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O'Rourke B, Walsh ME, Brophy R, Vallely S, Murphy N, Conroy B, Cunningham C, Horgan NF. Does the shoe really fit? Characterising ill-fitting footwear among community-dwelling older adults attending geriatric services: an observational cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:55. [PMID: 32054464 PMCID: PMC7020372 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-1448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Falls in older people are common and can result in loss of confidence, fear of falling, restriction in activity and loss of independence. Causes of falls are multi-factorial. There is a paucity of research assessing the footwear characteristics among older people who are at high risk of falls, internationally and in the Irish setting. The aim of this study was to examine the proportion of older adults attending a geriatric day hospital in Ireland who were wearing incorrectly sized shoes. Methods A consecutive sample of 111 older adults aged 60 years and over attending a geriatric day hospital in a large Irish teaching hospital was recruited. Demographic data including age, mobility, medications, co-habitation status, footwear worn at home and falls history were recorded. Shoe size and foot length were measured in millimetres using an internal shoe gauge and SATRA shoe size stick, respectively. Participants’ self-reported shoe size was recorded. Footwear was assessed using the Footwear Assessment Form (FAF). A Timed Up and Go (TUG) score was recorded. Functional independence was assessed using the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) Scale. The primary outcome of interest in this study was selected as having footwear within the suggested range (10 to 15 mm) on at least one foot. Participants who met this definition were compared to those with ill-fitting footwear on both feet using Chi-square tests, T-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests. Results The mean difference between shoe length and foot length was 18.6 mm (SD: 9.6 mm). Overall, 72% of participants were wearing footwear that did not fit correctly on both feet, 90% had shoes with smooth, partly worn or fully worn sole treading and 67% reported wearing slippers at home. Participant age, TUG score and NEADL score were not associated with ill-fitting footwear. Conclusions Wearing incorrectly fitting shoes and shoes with unsafe features was common among older adults attending geriatric day services in this study. A large number of participants reported wearing slippers at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O'Rourke
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - M E Walsh
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Health Research Board (HRB) Centre for Primary Care Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - R Brophy
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Vallely
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - N Murphy
- Physiotherapy Department, St James's hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - B Conroy
- Robert Mayne Day Hospital, St James's hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - C Cunningham
- Mercers Institute for Successful Ageing (MISA), St James's hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - N F Horgan
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Kołcz A, Główka N, Kowal M, Paprocka-Borowicz M. Baropodometric evaluation of foot load distribution during gait in the group of professionally active nurses. J Occup Health 2019; 62:e12102. [PMID: 31837089 PMCID: PMC6970405 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nurses are extremely exposed to musculoskeletal overloads. Prolonged standing postural balance distributions, functional deficits and pain may affect the symmetry of the load on the feet. The study aimed to assess the distribution of foot load during gait among nurses. METHODS The sample of this prospective and observational study consisted of 37 female nurses with mean age of 39 years. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to evaluate musculoskeletal disturbances and baropodometric gait analysis (BGA) was performed to register distribution of foot load during gait. RESULTS We showed that 68% of nurses declare that they know the principles of workplace ergonomics, but only 14% comply with them. NMQ results indicate that as many as 73% of the respondents feel ailments in the "lower back" area. An asymmetry was observed in the load of IV-V of the metatarsal head between the left and right foot (P = .000) and in the load of the left and right lateral part of the heel (P = .028) in the BGA test. Correlations between ailments occurring in the neck area and loading of the lateral arch of the right foot (P = .032) were found. Moreover, the load in this area correlated positively with the occurrence of "lower back" pain (P = .045). CONCLUSIONS Nurses have asymmetric distribution of foot load during gait, which results in a discrepancy between the loads on the three main support points of the foot and which may affect nurses' work productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kołcz
- Laboratory of Ergonomics and Biomedical Monitoring, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Główka
- Laboratory of Ergonomics and Biomedical Monitoring, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kowal
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Jones PJ, Bibb RJ, Davies MJ, Khunti K, McCarthy M, Fong DTP, Webb D. A fitting problem: Standardising shoe fit standards to reduce related diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 154:66-74. [PMID: 31128134 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Incorrectly fitting shoes are implicated in callus formation and a significant proportion of diabetic foot ulcers, yet remain surprisingly prevalent. We review the current shoe fit guidelines for consistency and discuss ways in which technology may assist us in standardising methods of footwear assessment. METHODS Narrative review. RESULTS Incorrectly fitted shoes are implicated in the development of some diabetic foot ulcers yet surprisingly there's no consensus on shoe fit, despite substantial spending on prescription footwear. Suggested toe gaps vary from 6 to 20 mm and measurement methods also vary from Brannock Devices and callipers to manual measurement. CONCLUSIONS To prevent fit-related foot ulceration, we need to standardise our biomechanical definition of fit. Future research should (1) evaluate the potential use of 3D scanning technology to provide a standardised means of capturing foot morphology; (2) develop a working biomechanical definition of fit, including toe gap through the identification of key physiological markers that capture and predict dynamic foot shape changes during different physical activities and body weight loading conditions; and (3) determine whether changes in dynamic foot shape of those with diabetes differs from those without, impacting on their shoe fitting needs, potentially necessitating specialist footwear at an earlier stage to avoid ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra J Jones
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
| | - Richard J Bibb
- Loughborough Design School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew McCarthy
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel T P Fong
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
| | - David Webb
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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50
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Everyday footwear: An overview of what we know and what we should know on ill-fitting footwear and associated pain and pathology. Foot (Edinb) 2019; 39:11-14. [PMID: 30851650 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Footwear has been used to protect feet for millennia with socially exclusive population adopting stylish and fashionable shoes with expensive materials. In terms of historic timeline, only more recently footwear has been worn by all classes in the western world as an integral part of their apparel. Traditionally, footwear has been constructed from natural materials, mainly leather, but has recently benefitted from the flexibility that technology has provided with a plethora materials and new design innovations. Although it has expanded the availability for a variety of consumers, the choice and fit continue to be problematic with many individuals wearing shoes that are ill-fitting. Provision of specific footwear advice for problem feet is poorly evidenced and is heavily practitioner dependant limiting its efficacy. There is limited understanding as to the changes that can occur from regularly wearing footwear that is unsuitable in shape, style and construction which is referred to as ill-fitting. Current research on the effect that everyday footwear has on foot function and pain focuses mainly on women's shoes, particularly high heels. Defining what is a good fitting shoe, that does not damage the foot or mechanics of walking, may need to be individualised, but best fit is based on loose historical parameters rather than research evidence. The aim of this overview is to highlight aspects of current research, establishing what is known about the effect's shoes have on the feet as well as exploring the mythology around footwear fit and advice that is often historical in nature.
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