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Yin H, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang S, Ling X, Han T, Sun C, Ma J, Wei W, Zhu J, Wang X. Breastfeeding may reduce the effects of maternal smoking on lung cancer mortality in adult offspring: a prospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2024; 110:4767-4774. [PMID: 39143708 PMCID: PMC11326021 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous research has indicated a correlation between smoking and the mortality rate in patients with lung cancer, the impact of early life factors on this relationship remains unclear and requires further investigation. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that breastfeeding reduces the risk of lung cancer-related death. METHODS The authors conducted a prospective cohort study involving 501 859 participants recruited from the United Kingdom Biobank to explore the potential association between breastfeeding and the risk of lung cancer mortality using a Cox proportional hazards model. Subsequently, the polygenic risk score for lung cancer was calculated to detect interactions between genes and the environment. RESULTS Over a median follow-up duration of 11.8 years, encompassing a total of 501 859 participants, breastfeeding was found to reduce the risk of lung cancer-related death and the impact of maternal smoking on lung cancer mortality in adult offspring. This association remained consistent after stratification. Furthermore, the influence of maternal smoking and breastfeeding on the risk of lung cancer mortality was significant at a high genetic risk level. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding can reduce the risk of lung cancer-related death and the impact of maternal smoking on lung cancer mortality in adult offspring. This correlation has the potential to reduce the probability of lung-cancer-related deaths in subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Yixue Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Xiaodong Ling
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Biobank, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
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2
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Gallo V, Giansanti F, Arienzo A, Antonini G. Antiviral properties of whey proteins and their activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Funct Foods 2022; 89:104932. [PMID: 35003332 PMCID: PMC8723829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Native and chemically modified whey proteins and their peptide derivatives are encountering the interest of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries, due to the numerous properties, ranging from antimicrobial to immunological and antitumorigenic, that result in the possibility to employ milk and its protein components in a wide range of treatment and prevention strategies. Importantly, whey proteins were found to exert antiviral actions against different enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Recently, the scientific community is focusing on these proteins, especially lactoferrin, since in vitro studies have demonstrated that they exert an important antiviral activity also against SARS-CoV-2. Up-to date, several studies are investigating the efficacy of lactoferrin and other whey proteins in vivo. Aim of this review is to shed light on the most relevant findings concerning the antiviral properties of whey proteins and their potential applications in human health, focussing on their application in prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gallo
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Francesco Giansanti
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB - Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome 00136, Italy
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - Alyexandra Arienzo
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB - Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome 00136, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB - Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome 00136, Italy
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3
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Gómez-Acebo I, Lechosa-Muñiz C, Paz-Zulueta M, Sotos TD, Alonso-Molero J, Llorca J, Cabero-Perez MJ. Feeding in the first six months of life is associated with the probability of having bronchiolitis: a cohort study in Spain. Int Breastfeed J 2021; 16:82. [PMID: 34663376 PMCID: PMC8522099 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-021-00422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breastfeeding is associated with lower incidence and severity of lower respiratory tract disease. However, little is known about the relationship between feeding type and breastfeeding duration with bronchiolitis in a child’s first year. Methods A prospective cohort study of 969 newborn babies were followed-up for 12 months to determine breastfeeding duration, feeding type, feeding trajectory, and bronchiolitis episodes at Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Spain in 2018. Type of feeding was recorded by interviewing mothers at the time of hospital discharge and at 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of life, in three categories: breastfeeding, mixed feeding and infant formula. Type of feeding at hospital discharge refers to feeding from birth to discharge. In any other times studied, it refers to feeding in the last 24 h. The association between the feeding type and bronchiolitis was analysed using logistic regression. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between feeding type and the number of bronchiolitis episodes with Kaplan-Meier estimators presenting the cumulative probability of suffering bronchiolitis. The results were adjusted for mother and child characteristics. Results Our data shows exclusive breastfeeding and mixed breastfeeding reduce the number of episodes of bronchiolitis. Regarding feeding at 4 months, exclusive breastfeeding reduced by 41% the number of episodes of bronchiolitis (adjusted incidence Ratio (aIR) 0.59, 95% CI 0.46, 0.76) and mixed feeding by 37% (aIR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47, 0.86). Moreover, changing from exclusive breastfeeding to mixed feeding increased the incidence of bronchiolitis compared with continuing exclusive breastfeeding. An early swap to mixed breastfeeding before months 2 or 4, was associated with a reduced the number of episodes of bronchiolitis, (aIR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39, 0.73 if introduction of mixed breastfeeding before month 2, and aIR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45, 0.83 if introduction of mixed breastfeeding before month 4), when compared with infant formula alone. Conclusions Any breastfeeding was associated with lower incidence of bronchiolitis and number of episodes of bronchiolitis in the first year of life. Consequently, promoting programmes facilitating exclusive or mixed breastfeeding would be a relevant measure in the prevention of bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Gómez-Acebo
- Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Santander, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Trinidad Dierssen Sotos
- Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Llorca
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - María J Cabero-Perez
- Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
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4
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Sari RN, Pan J, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhu H, Pang X, Zhang S, Jiang S, Lu J, Lv J. Comparative Proteomics of Human Milk From Eight Cities in China During Six Months of Lactation in the Chinese Human Milk Project Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:682429. [PMID: 34458300 PMCID: PMC8387594 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.682429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is the golden standard of infant nutrition that can protect immature body function and enhance nutrition metabolism to ensure infant growth. Region specificity and lactation period could change the protein composition in HM. In this research, proteomics analysis was used to compare proteomes across eight cities, namely Harbin, Lanzhou, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Jinhua, Weihai, Zhengzhou, and Beijing, which represented the northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest, east, and north and central regions of China,. Proteins varied significantly among the cities. These different proteins were mainly involved in the process of platelet degranulation, innate immune response, and triglyceride metabolic process, which might be due to different living environments. These differences also lead to variation in protection and fat metabolism from mothers to infants in different cities. Four proteins were expressed differently during 6 months of lactation, namely Dipeptidyl peptidase 1, Lysozyme C, Carbonic anhydrase 6, and Chordin-like protein 2. The changes in these proteins might be because of the change of growth needs of the infants. The findings from our results might help to improve the understanding of HM as well as to design infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Nurmalita Sari
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancun Pan
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Division, Innovation Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.,PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Division, Innovation Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.,PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Beijing, China
| | - Huiquan Zhu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Division, Innovation Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.,PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Business and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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5
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Song Y, Li R. Effect of budesonide combined with salbutamol nebulization on pulmonary function and serum immune factors in children with bronchiolitis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:8158-8164. [PMID: 34377300 PMCID: PMC8340181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study set out to investigate the effect of budesonide combined with salbutamol nebulization on pulmonary function and serum immune factors in children with bronchiolitis. METHODS A total of 127 children with bronchiolitis who were treated in our hospital were collected. Among them, 59 were treated with conventional bronchiolitis and were included in the control group (CG), and 68 were treated by budesonide combined with salbutamol inhalation in addition to the conventional treatment that were included in the research group (RG). The clinical efficacy, disappearance time of cough, pulmonary rales, wheezing and dyspnea, hospitalization time, adverse reactions, lung function and serum immune factors of the two groups were compared. RESULTS Compared with before treatment, cough, pulmonary rales, wheezing and dyspnea of children in both groups were improved after treatment. Compared with the CG, the disappearance time of cough, pulmonary rales, wheezing and dyspnea in the RG was shortened, the hospitalization time and adverse reactions reduced, and the total effective rate increased. The tidal volume, peak-to-peak time ratio (tPTEF/tE) and peak-to-peak volume ratio (VPTEF/VE) of the RG were dramatically better than those of the CG, and the levels of IgG, IgM and IgA were better than those of the CG. CONCLUSION Budesonide combined with salbutamol nebulization is beneficial to improve the pulmonary function and serum immune factors in children with bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbiao Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Taihe County People's Hospital Fuyang 236605, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Taihe County People's Hospital Fuyang 236605, Anhui Province, China
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6
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Gutierrez MJ, Nino G, Hong X, Wang X. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight and early life lower respiratory tract infections in a low-income urban minority birth cohort. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9790. [PMID: 33963230 PMCID: PMC8105349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity has increased dramatically with adverse consequences on infant health. Prior studies have reported associations between maternal obesity and childhood wheeze, asthma as well as lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). However, studies examining the association of obesity with early-life LRTIs in low-income urban minority populations are still lacking. This is a critical gap because both obesity and infant respiratory morbidity are more prevalent and severe in these communities. We examined mother-child dyads from the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC) to define the longitudinal association of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and LRTI in infancy, defined as the presence of bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia during the first year of life (< 12 months of age). A total of 2,790 mother-child dyads were included in our analyses. Infants born to pre-pregnancy obese mothers (n = 688, 25%) had 1.43 increased odds (adjOR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.08-1.88, p = 0.012) of developing LRTI during the first year of life when compared with newborns born to normal-weight mothers after adjusting by relevant LRTI risk factors. Notably, infants born to overweight mothers (n = 808, 29%) followed a similar trend (adjOR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.00-1.72, p = 0.048). Our study demonstrated that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of LRTI during infancy in a low-income urban minority birth cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Gutierrez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street CMSC 1102, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center On the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center On the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Siddiqui AF, Alsabaani AA, Abouelyazid AY, Wassel YI. Risk factors of multiple sclerosis in Aseer region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia A case-control study. NEUROSCIENCES (RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA) 2021; 26:69-76. [PMID: 33530046 PMCID: PMC8015505 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2021.1.20200107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate socio-demographic and environmental risk factors of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Aseer region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS This was a retrospective, record, and interview based matched case control study completed in the neurology clinics at tertiary hospitals in Aseer, KSA. It included 82 MS cases and 82 controls. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect information on key socio-demographic and environmental exposures. The main outcome measure was a statistically significant relationship of key socio-demographic and environmental risk factors with MS. RESULTS A total of 82 registered patients, 50 were females, resulting in a female to male ratio of 1.56:1. Various risk factors were found to have a statistically significant association with MS which included female (OR=3.01, 95% CI [1.59:5.69]; p<0.001), family history of MS (OR=2.1, 95%CI [2.4:1.7] p=0.04), low exposure to sunlight (OR=2.02, 95%CI [2.53: 9.9] p<0.001), only fed breast milk in childhood (OR=0.46, 95%CI [0.55:0.39]; p<0.001), parental consanguinity (OR=2.17 95%CI [4.11:1.14] p=0.017), history of chickenpox (OR=15.59 95% CI [68.7:3.55]; p<0.01). On using multiple logistic regression, chicken pox infection (AOR=0.045, 95%CI [0.015-0.135]; p=0.001)and low sun-exposure (AOR=.271, 95%CI [.121-.609]; p<0.05) were deduced as the predictors of MS in this region. CONCLUSION This study offers unique insights into the risk factors of MS. Low sun exposure and childhood chickenpox are significantly related to the development of MS in the Aseer region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aesha F. Siddiqui
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Siddiqui), from the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alsabaani), King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Abouelyazid), from the Department of Neurology (Wassel), Armed Forced Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Public Health (Abouelyazid, Wassel), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A. Alsabaani
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Siddiqui), from the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alsabaani), King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Abouelyazid), from the Department of Neurology (Wassel), Armed Forced Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Public Health (Abouelyazid, Wassel), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y. Abouelyazid
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Siddiqui), from the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alsabaani), King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Abouelyazid), from the Department of Neurology (Wassel), Armed Forced Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Public Health (Abouelyazid, Wassel), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Yasser I. Wassel
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Siddiqui), from the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alsabaani), King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Abouelyazid), from the Department of Neurology (Wassel), Armed Forced Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Department of Public Health (Abouelyazid, Wassel), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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8
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Camacho-Morales A, Caba M, García-Juárez M, Caba-Flores MD, Viveros-Contreras R, Martínez-Valenzuela C. Breastfeeding Contributes to Physiological Immune Programming in the Newborn. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:744104. [PMID: 34746058 PMCID: PMC8567139 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.744104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The first 1,000 days in the life of a human being are a vulnerable stage where early stimuli may program adverse health outcomes in future life. Proper maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy modulates the development of the fetus, a physiological process known as fetal programming. Defective programming promotes non-communicable chronic diseases in the newborn which might be prevented by postnatal interventions such as breastfeeding. Breast milk provides distinct bioactive molecules that contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial gut colonization, and also secures a proper immunological response that protects against infection and inflammation in the newborn. The gut microbiome provides the most critical immune microbial stimulation in the newborn in early life, allowing a well-trained immune system and efficient metabolic settings in healthy subjects. Conversely, negative fetal programming by exposing mothers to diets rich in fat and sugar has profound effects on breast milk composition and alters the immune profiles in the newborn. At this new stage, newborns become vulnerable to immune compromise, favoring susceptibility to defective microbial gut colonization and immune response. This review will focus on the importance of breastfeeding and its immunological biocomponents that allow physiological immune programming in the newborn. We will highlight the importance of immunological settings by breastfeeding, allowing proper microbial gut colonization in the newborn as a window of opportunity to secure effective immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Mario Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Martín García-Juárez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
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9
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Colostrum Antibodies, Egg Antibodies and Monoclonal Antibodies Providing Passive Immunity for Animals. NUTRACEUTICALS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123268 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04624-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Passive immunity can be provided to animals by several sources of antibodies including from colostrum, avian eggs, and monoclonal sources. These antibodies have been shown protect production and companion animals from a number of pathogens. This chapter reviews the immune system for the principles of immune response to antigens and the synthesis of immunoglobulins of the five classes of antibodies in the body. Colostrum antibodies are described for passive immunity protection in animals such as calves. Chicken egg antibodies are another source of antibodies for passive immunity. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are also used to provide passive immunity in the veterinary field.
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10
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Caffarelli C, Santamaria F, Di Mauro D, Mastrorilli C, Montella S, Tchana B, Valerio G, Verrotti A, Valenzise M, Bernasconi S, Corsello G. Advances in pediatrics in 2017: current practices and challenges in allergy, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, immunology, infectious diseases, neonatology, nephrology, neurology, pulmonology from the perspective of Italian Journal of Pediatrics. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:82. [PMID: 30016966 PMCID: PMC6050676 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of a remarkable number of significant studies in pediatrics that have been published over the past year in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics. We have selected information from papers presented in the Journal that deal with allergy, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, immunology, infectious diseases, neonatology, nephrology, neurology, pulmonology. The relevant epidemiologic findings, and developments in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the last year have been discussed and placed in context. We think that advances achieved in 2017 will help readers to make the future of patients better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caffarelli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Santamaria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Dora Di Mauro
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carla Mastrorilli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Montella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bertrand Tchana
- Cardiologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Pediatria, Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariella Valenzise
- UOC Clinica Pediatrica AOU G, Martino Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernasconi
- Pediatrics Honorary Member University Faculty, G D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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11
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Chong CYL, Bloomfield FH, O'Sullivan JM. Factors Affecting Gastrointestinal Microbiome Development in Neonates. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030274. [PMID: 29495552 PMCID: PMC5872692 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is established in the newborn period and is recognised to interact with the host to influence metabolism. Different environmental factors that are encountered during this critical period may influence the gut microbial composition, potentially impacting upon later disease risk, such as asthma, metabolic disorder, and inflammatory bowel disease. The sterility dogma of the foetus in utero is challenged by studies that identified bacteria, bacterial DNA, or bacterial products in meconium, amniotic fluid, and the placenta; indicating the initiation of maternal-to-offspring microbial colonisation in utero. This narrative review aims to provide a better understanding of factors that affect the development of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome during prenatal, perinatal to postnatal life, and their reciprocal relationship with GI tract development in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Yieh Lin Chong
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Frank H Bloomfield
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Newborn Services, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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