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Carelli S, Posteraro B, Torelli R, De Carolis E, Vallecoccia MS, Xhemalaj R, Cutuli SL, Tanzarella ES, Dell'Anna AM, Lombardi G, Cammarota F, Caroli A, Grieco DL, Sanguinetti M, Antonelli M, De Pascale G. Prognostic value of serial (1,3)-β-D-glucan measurements in ICU patients with invasive candidiasis. Crit Care 2024; 28:236. [PMID: 38997712 PMCID: PMC11241937 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-05022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether a decrease in serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) was associated with reduced mortality and to investigate the performance of BDG downslope in predicting clinical outcome in invasive candidiasis. METHODS Observational cohort study in ICU patients over a ten-year period (2012-2022) in Italy. Proven invasive candidiasis with at least 2 BDG determinations were considered. RESULTS In the study population of 103 patients (age 47 [35-62] years, SAPS II score 67 [52-77]) 68 bloodstream and 35 intrabdominal infections were recorded. Serial measurements showed that in 54 patients BDG decreased over time (BDG downslope group) while in 49 did not (N-BDG downslope group). Candida albicans was the pathogen most frequently isolated (61%) followed by C. parapsilosis (17%) and C. glabrata (12%), in absence of any inter-group difference. Invasive candidiasis related mortality was lower in BDG downslope than in N-BDG downslope group (17% vs 53%, p < 0.01). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed the association of septic shock at infection occurrence and chronic liver disease with invasive candidiasis mortality (HR [95% CI] 3.24 [1.25-8.44] p = 0.02 and 7.27 [2.33-22.66] p < 0.01, respectively) while a BDG downslope was the only predictor of survival (HR [95% CI] 0.19 [0.09-0.43] p < 0.01). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for the performance of BDG downslope as predictor of good clinical outcome was 0.74 (p = 0.02) and our model showed that a BDG downslope > 70% predicted survival with both specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. CONCLUSIONS A decrease in serum BDG was associated with reduced mortality and a steep downslope predicted survival with high specificity in invasive candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Carelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Torelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Carolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Vallecoccia
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Rikardo Xhemalaj
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lucio Cutuli
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eloisa Sofia Tanzarella
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Dell'Anna
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Cammarota
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Luca Grieco
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro De Pascale
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Osman H, Shaik AN, Nguyen PL, Cantor Z, Kaafarani M, Soubani AO. The Clinical Significance of Aspergillus Detected in Lower-Respiratory-Tract Samples of Critically Ill COVID-19-Positive Patients. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:337-349. [PMID: 37736973 PMCID: PMC10514834 DOI: 10.3390/arm91050027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to viral infection are at risk for secondary complications, including invasive aspergillosis. Our study aimed to characterize the clinical significance and outcome of Aspergillus species isolated from lower-respiratory-tract samples of critically ill OVID-19 patients at a single center. Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and aspergillus isolated from the lower respiratory tract and to identify predictors of outcomes in this population. Setting: The setting was a single-center hospital system within the metropolitan Detroit region. Results: The prevalence of Aspergillus isolated in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 1.18% (30/2461 patients), and it was 4.6% in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Probable COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) was found in 21 critically ill patients, and 9 cases were classified as colonization. The in-hospital mortality of critically ill patients with CAPA and those with aspergillus colonization were high but not significantly different (76% vs. 67%, p = 1.00). Furthermore, the in-hospital mortality for ICU patients with or without Aspergillus isolated was not significantly different 73.3% vs. 64.5%, respectively (OR 1.53, CI 0.64-4.06, p = 0.43). In patients in whom Aspergillus was isolated, antifungal therapy (p = 0.035, OR 12.3, CI 1.74-252); vasopressors (0.016, OR 10.6, CI 1.75-81.8); and a higher mSOFA score (p = 0.043, OR 1.29 CI 1.03-1.72) were associated with a worse outcome. In a multivariable model adjusting for other significant variables, FiO2 was the only variable associated with in-hospital mortality in patients in whom Aspergillus was isolated (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.27). Conclusions: The isolation of Aspergillus from lower-respiratory-tract samples of critically ill patients with COVID-19 is associated with high mortality. It is important to have a low threshold for superimposed infections such as CAPA in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Osman
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Asra N. Shaik
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Paul L. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zachary Cantor
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Mirna Kaafarani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3990 John R-3 Hudson, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ayman O. Soubani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3990 John R-3 Hudson, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Pineau V, Guilloteau A, Binquet C, Quenot JP, Bouhemad B, Bonniaud P, Dalle F, Piroth L, Valot S, Blot M. Aspergillus colonisation in severe community-acquired pneumonia: not just a mere colonisation. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00221-2023. [PMID: 37701363 PMCID: PMC10493708 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00221-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia, detection of Aspergillus is associated with a mortality rate surpassing 50%, irrespective of whether it is defined as invasion or colonisation https://bit.ly/46PMk1f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Pineau
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Adrien Guilloteau
- Côte d'Or Hemopathy Registry, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Binquet
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, INSERM, Université de Bourgogne, CIC 1432, Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Dijon, France
- LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Quenot
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, INSERM, Université de Bourgogne, CIC 1432, Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Dijon, France
- LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- Department of Intensive Care, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM Research Centre LNC-UMR1231 and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Belaid Bouhemad
- Lipness Team, INSERM Research Centre LNC-UMR1231 and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- Department of Intensive Care, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Bonniaud
- Pulmonary Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
- HSPpathies Team, INSERM Research Centre LNC-UMR1231 and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Frederic Dalle
- Parasitology–Mycology Laboratory, Biology Platform, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Piroth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, INSERM, Université de Bourgogne, CIC 1432, Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Dijon, France
- LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Valot
- Parasitology–Mycology Laboratory, Biology Platform, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Mathieu Blot
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, INSERM, Université de Bourgogne, CIC 1432, Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Dijon, France
- LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM Research Centre LNC-UMR1231 and LabEx LipSTIC, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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Prognostic Scores and Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in Invasive Aspergillosis from an Indian Respiratory Medicine ICU (ICU Patients with IA Suspicion). J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110991. [PMID: 34829278 PMCID: PMC8625311 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of three general prognostic models (APACHE II, SAPS II, and SOFA) with serum galactomannan antigen in a clinically suspected invasive aspergillosis (IA) subpopulation admitted to a respiratory medicine ICU and to identify azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAF) cases. Methodology and Results: A total of 235 clinically suspected IA patients were prospectively enrolled and observed 30-day mortality was 29.7%. The three general models showed poor discrimination assessed by area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs, <0.7) and good calibration (p = 0.92, 0.14, and 0.13 for APACHE II, SAPS II, and SOFA, respectively), evaluated using Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests. However, discrimination was significantly better with galactomannan values (AUC, 0.924). In-vitro antifungal testing revealed higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 12/34 isolates (35.3%) whereas azole resistance was noted in 40% of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates (6/15) with two hotspot cyp51A mutations, G54R and P216L. Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with putative and probable IA (71.4% and 34.6%, respectively), had high mortality. The general prognostic model APACHE II seemed fairly accurate for this subpopulation. However, the use of local GM cut-offs calculated for mortality, may help the intensivists in prompt initiation or change of therapy for better outcome of patients. In addition, the high MICs highlight the need of antifungal surveillance to know the local resistance rate which might aid in patient treatment.
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Chao CM, Lai CC, Ou HF, Ho CH, Chan KS, Yang CC, Chen CM, Yu WL. The Impacts of Aspergillosis on Outcome, Burden and Risks for Mortality in Influenza Patients with Critical Illness. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110922. [PMID: 34829211 PMCID: PMC8620692 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed higher mortality rates in patients with severe influenza who are coinfected with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) than in those without IPA coinfection; nonetheless, the clinical impact of IPA on economic burden and risk factors for mortality in critically ill influenza patients remains undefined. The study was retrospectively conducted in three institutes. From 2016 through 2018, all adult patients with severe influenza admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) were identified. All patients were classified as group 1, patients with concomitant severe influenza and IPA; group 2, severe influenza patients without IPA; and group 3, severe influenza patients without testing for IPA. Overall, there were 201 patients enrolled, including group 1 (n = 40), group 2 (n = 50), and group 3 (n = 111). Group 1 patients had a significantly higher mortality rate (20/40, 50%) than that of group 2 (6/50, 12%) and group 3 (18/11, 16.2%), p < 0.001. The risk factors for IPA occurrence were solid cancer and prolonged corticosteroid use in ICU of >5 days. Group 1 patients had significantly longer hospital stay and higher medical expenditure than the other two groups. The risk factors for mortality in group 1 patients included patients' Charlson comorbidity index, presenting APACHE II score, and complication of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Overall, IPA has a significant adverse impact on the outcome and economic burden of severe influenza patients, who should be promptly managed based on risk host factors for IPA occurrence and mortality risk factors for coinfection with both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Chao
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan;
- Department of Dental Laboratory Technology, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73657, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan;
| | - Hsuan-Fu Ou
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chiali, Tainan 72263, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Medical Research, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Khee-Siang Chan
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yongkang, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (C.-C.Y.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Chun-Chieh Yang
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yongkang, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (C.-C.Y.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Chin-Ming Chen
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yongkang, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (C.-C.Y.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Wen-Liang Yu
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yongkang, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (K.-S.C.); (C.-C.Y.); (C.-M.C.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2812811; Fax: +886-6-2833351
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Sato S, Yamada S, Nishizawa T, Oba T, Kawabe R, Yamakawa H, Akasaka K, Amano M, Matsushima H. A patient with hepatocellular carcinoma who developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after corticosteroid treatment. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04628. [PMID: 34401173 PMCID: PMC8353416 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung or head and neck cancer have been indicated as solid cancers associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), but the relationship with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. We report a case of HCC in which the presence of cirrhosis and corticosteroid administration may have caused the development of IPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Sato
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSaitama Red Cross HospitalSaitamaJapan
| | - Sho Yamada
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSaitama Red Cross HospitalSaitamaJapan
| | - Tomotaka Nishizawa
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSaitama Red Cross HospitalSaitamaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Oba
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSaitama Red Cross HospitalSaitamaJapan
| | - Rie Kawabe
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSaitama Red Cross HospitalSaitamaJapan
| | - Hideaki Yamakawa
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSaitama Red Cross HospitalSaitamaJapan
| | - Keiichi Akasaka
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSaitama Red Cross HospitalSaitamaJapan
| | - Masako Amano
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSaitama Red Cross HospitalSaitamaJapan
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Gu Y, Ye X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Shen K, Zhong J, Chen B, Su X. A risk-predictive model for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2021; 22:176. [PMID: 34107968 PMCID: PMC8188951 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is increasingly reported in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. These patients often have poor clinical outcomes. Early recognition of IPA in COPD is always challenging. We aimed to develop and validate a risk model using readily available clinical parameters to predict IPA for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) patients. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study. AECOPD patients who were admitted to Jinling Hospital between January 2012 and December 2017 were included. 880 AECOPD patients were randomly divided into the training set (70%, n = 616) and validation set (30%, n = 264). A nomogram model was developed using multivariate logistic regression from training set. The discrimination and calibration of model were validated internally. Decision curve analyses assessed the clinical utility of the nomogram. Results The incidence of IPA in hospitalized AECOPD patients was 9.6% in the training set (59 cases of IPA) and 9.1% in the validation set (24 cases of IPA), respectively. The nomogram model consisted of independent factors associated with IPA included lung function GOLD III–IV, use of broad-spectrum antibiotic over 10 days in the last month, oral or intravenous corticosteroids (prednisone) over 265 mg in the last 3 months and serum albumin < 30 g/L. The model performed good discrimination and calibration in validation set (c-statistic, 0.79 [95%CI 0.68–0.90]). The 95%CI region of calibration belt did not cross the 45-degree diagonal bisector line (P = 0.887). Conclusion The simple risk predictive model for earlier recognition of IPA is useful in hospitalized AECOPD patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01771-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xianping Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- Department of Medical Statistics, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Kunlu Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jinjin Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Bilin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China. .,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China. .,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Hassanien AA, Elsherif WM, Hamed R, Hussein AAA. Suppression effect of thyme and carvacrol nano-emulsions on Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from patients in the intensive care unit of Assiut University Hospital, Egypt. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2021.116-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Aspergillus fumigatus is a zoonotic fungus that causes several diseases in humans ranging from allergic reaction to fatal disseminated invasive infection, especially in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of invasive A. fumigatus in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Assiut University Hospital, highlight the factors associated with their infection, and determine the antifungal effect of thyme nano-emulsion (TNE) and carvacrol nano-emulsion (CNE) on isolated A. fumigatus strains.
Materials and Methods: Mycological culture method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used in the identification of A. fumigatus in 630 blood samples collected from 210 patients. TNE and CNE at five concentrations (1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) and average sizes of 90.3 and 75.6 nm, respectively, were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Their effect on A. fumigatus isolate growth was evaluated by the well-diffusion method and SEM, which was used for the detection of the degenerative effect of A. fumigatus ultrastructure.
Results: A. fumigatus was detected in 54 of 210 (25.7%) patients in the ICU. Advanced age and chronic diseases were considered important risk factors for invasive aspergillosis, especially in patients with more than 1 clinical disease. TNE and CNE showed an inhibitory effect on A. fumigatus isolates, which significantly increased with high concentrations. The respective values for TNE at concentrations of 6% and 8% were 6±0.41 mm and 15±0.67 mm. CNE completely inhibited A. fumigatus growth at concentrations of 4%, 6%, and 8%, while mean inhibition zones of 22±0.68 mm and 30±0.32 mm appeared at concentrations of 1% and 2%. SEM demonstrated degenerative changes in A. fumigatus structure.
Conclusion: TNE and CNE can be used in bioactive treatments against A. fumigatus, and additional studies are required to determine the safe and effective doses and best method for application in human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshimaa A. Hassanien
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Walaa M. Elsherif
- Nanotechnology Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Rasha Hamed
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Unit and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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10
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Feng C, Zhang M, Zhang S, Zhang J, Li C, Zhou J. Therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline on invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunosuppressed mice. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:31. [PMID: 33468116 PMCID: PMC7814429 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most common and severe infection of Aspergillus fumigatus is invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), which is usually seen in immunocompromised patients. Neutropenia is the primary risk factor implicated in IPA; however, IPA also occurs in patients without neutropenia, namely, those who are immunosuppressed owing to long-term corticosteroid use. With IPA-associated mortality as high as 51–79%, novel and effective treatment strategies are urgently needed. Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been shown to competitively inhibit the family 18 chitinases in fungi, which may be an new antifungal therapy. Hence, the aim of our study was to compare neutropenic and non-neutropenic IPA mouse models, and to evaluate the effect of PTX on IPA in immunosuppressed mice. Methods C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with cyclophosphamide and hydrocortisone. Neutropenic model IPA mice (CTX-IPA) and non-neutropenic IPA mice (HC-IPA) were established by intranasal administration of Aspergillus fumigatus spore suspension. A subset of each group was injected with PTX post-infection. Among these groups, we compared overall survival, pulmonary fungal burden, lung hispathology, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and mammalian chitinase concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Results The survival rate of the HC-IPA group was higher than that of the CTX-IPA group, and pulmonary fungal burden was also lower (p < 0.05). The CTX-IPA group showed infiltration of alveolae and blood vessels by numerous hyphae of A. fumigatus. The HC-IPA group exhibited destruction of bronchi, expansion of alveolar septa, increased macrophages aggregation, significant neutrophil infiltration and a few hyphae in peribronchial areas. After PTX treatment, improvement was observed in survival duration and pulmonary fungal burden in HC-IPA mice. MPO and IL-8 levels were lower in the HC-IPA + PTX group compared to the corresponding levels in the HC-IP group. Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) expression in the HC-IPA group was decreased after PTX treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion PTX was found to exert a therapeutic effect in a non-neutropenic mouse model of IPA, which may lead to the development of novel strategies for IPA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Sujuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
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11
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Lee SI, Sung H, Hong SB, Lim CM, Koh Y, Huh JW. Usefulness of ICU criteria for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in nonhematologic critically ill patients. Med Mycol 2020; 58:275-281. [PMID: 31204780 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening disease in the intensive care unit (ICU). The ICU criteria were proposed to diagnose IPA in critically ill patients. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of ICU criteria for diagnosis and treatment of IPA in nonhematologic patients in the ICU. We retrospectively reviewed 103 ICU patients with positive galactomannan test in blood and respiratory tract from January 1, 2016, to May 31, 2017. We excluded patients with hematologic malignancy. We divided the treatment and non-treatment groups according to the IPA treatment. We compared the baseline characteristics and outcomes between two groups and the agreement with ICU criteria. There were 49 patients in treatment groups and 54 patients in non-treatment groups. There were more cases of solid organ transplantation (P = .003), immunosuppressive therapy (P < .001) and bacterial viral coinfection (P = .048) in the treatment group compared to nontreatment group. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality, the use of ventilator, and septic shock between the two groups. The agreement rate between the putative group and treatment was low (59.2%). There was no statistically significant difference in outcome between the putative and colonization groups according to the ICU criteria in each group. The treatment of IPA based on the symptom, radiologic finding and galactomannan test did not showed the better outcome. Also, the treatment based on the ICU criteria didn't show the difference of outcome. The new criteria for diagnosis of IPA in critically ill patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-I Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Man Lim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Younsuck Koh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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12
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Comparison of Clinical Manifestation, Diagnosis, and Outcomes of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Pulmonary Mucormycosis. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110531. [PMID: 31694308 PMCID: PMC6920790 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objects: Invasive pulmonary mold infection usually has devastating outcomes. Timely differentiation between invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) from pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is critical for treatment decision-making. However, information on IPA and PM differentiation is limited. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, observational study, with proven and probable IPA and PM patients from January 2004 to December 2017. Demographics, clinical manifestations, image reports, histopathological findings, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: A total of 46 IPA (33 proven and 13 probable) and 19 PM (18 proven and one probable) cases were analyzed. The majority of tissues (81% in IPA and 61% in PM) were obtained using bronchoscopy. Prior influenza infection was a predisposing factor for IPA, and abscess formation in CT scan was associated with PM (p = 0.0491, p = 0.0454, respectively). The positive culture rate for PM was lower than that for IPA (37% vs. 67%, p = 0.0294). The galactomannan (GM) level from serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was significantly higher in IPA than in PM (3.3 ± 0.5 vs. 0.8 ± 0.6, p = 0.0361; 4.0 ± 0.6 vs. 0.59 ± 0.1, p = 0.0473, respectively). The overall mortality rate was 65%, which was similar among IPA and PM groups. Systemic steroid exposure and high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores on admission were independently correlated to mortality in IPA (p = 0.027, p = 0.026, respectively). However, there was no predictor for mortality found in PM patients. Conclusions: Influenza infection, abscess formation in CT scan, and GM level may help physicians to differentiate IPA and PM. Bronchoscopy-guided biopsy and lavage specimen provide timely and definite diagnosis. The prognosis of IPA is associated with systemic steroid exposure and higher APACHE II scores on admission.
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13
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Dib RW, Khalil M, Fares J, Hachem RY, Jiang Y, Dandachi D, Chaftari AM, Raad II. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: comparative analysis in cancer patients with underlying haematologic malignancies versus solid tumours. J Hosp Infect 2019; 104:358-364. [PMID: 31585141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is commonly associated with haematologic malignancies but also occurs with solid tumours. AIM To compare the diagnostic approaches and therapeutic outcomes for IPA between patients with haematologic malignancies and solid cancers. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted evaluating consecutive cases of proven and probable IPA from 2004 to 2016. Patients >18 years of age with an underlying solid tumour, haematologic malignancy, or haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) within one year of IPA diagnosis were included. FINDINGS Of the 311 patients analysed, 225 had haematologic malignancies and 86 had solid tumours. Patients with solid tumours were more likely to have had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other pulmonary diseases, have Aspergillus fumigatus infections, and have received radiotherapy before IPA occurrence than were those with haematologic malignancies (all P<0.01). Antifungal monotherapy and voriconazole-based therapy were more often prescribed in the solid group (87% vs 56%, P<0.0001, and 77% vs 53%, P=0.0002, respectively). The median duration of primary antifungal therapy was longer in the solid group (64 days vs 20 days, P<0.0001). Complete or partial response to antifungal therapy was recorded in 66% of the solid group and 40% of the haematologic group (P=0.0001). At 12 weeks, overall mortality was similar in both groups, but IPA-attributable mortality was higher in the haematologic group (30% vs 18%, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Monotherapy was more often prescribed in patients with solid tumours than in patients with haematologic malignancies. Patients with solid tumours had better antifungal therapy response and lower 12-week IPA-attributable mortality than did those with haematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Dib
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Khalil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Fares
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Y Hachem
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Dandachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A-M Chaftari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I I Raad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Heinz WJ, Vehreschild JJ, Buchheidt D. Diagnostic work up to assess early response indicators in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in adult patients with haematologic malignancies. Mycoses 2019; 62:486-493. [PMID: 30329192 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In immunocompromised patients with acute leukaemia as well as in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, pulmonary lesions are commonly seen. Existing guidelines provide useful algorithms for diagnostic procedures and treatment options, but they do not give recommendations on how to evaluate early success or failure and if or when it is best to change therapy. Here, we review the diagnostic techniques currently used in association with clinical findings and propose an approach using a combination of computer tomography, clinical and all available biomarkers and inflammation parameters, especially those positive at baseline, to assess early response in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Computed tomography scans should be carried out at regular intervals during early and long-term follow-up. Imaging on day seven, or even earlier in clinically unstable patients, combined with an additional testing of biomarkers and inflammatory markers in between, is needed for a reliable assessment at day 14. If no improvement is seen after 2 weeks of therapy or the clinical condition is deteriorating, a change of antifungal therapy should be considered. Alleged breakthrough infections or treatment failure should undergo early diagnostic workup, including tissue biopsies when possible, to retrieve fungal cultures for resistance testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner J Heinz
- Klinikum Weiden, Weiden, Würzburg university medical center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg J Vehreschild
- Department for Internal Medicine, German Centre for Infection Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Dieter Buchheidt
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Vay M, Foerster KI, Mahmoudi M, Seeßle J, Mikus G. No alteration of voriconazole concentration by plasmapheresis in a critically ill patient. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 75:287-288. [PMID: 30349944 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-018-2582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Vay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin I Foerster
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mazyar Mahmoudi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Seeßle
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Intoxication, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 60120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Mikus
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Boch T, Reinwald M, Spiess B, Liebregts T, Schellongowski P, Meybohm P, Rath PM, Steinmann J, Trinkmann F, Britsch S, Michels JD, Jabbour C, Hofmann WK, Buchheidt D. Detection of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients by combined use of conventional culture, galactomannan, 1-3-beta-D-glucan and Aspergillus specific nested polymerase chain reaction in a prospective pilot study. J Crit Care 2018; 47:198-203. [PMID: 30015290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is an emerging and life-threatening infectious disease in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Most diagnostic studies are conducted in hematological patients and results cannot readily be transferred to ICU patients lacking classical host factors. In a multicenter, prospective clinical trial including 44 ICU patients, hematological (n = 14) and non-hematological patients (n = 30), concurrent serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were analyzed by conventional culture, galactomannan (GM), 1-3-beta-D-glucan (BDG) as well as an Aspergillus specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nine patients (20%) had putative IPA according to AspICU classification. GM and PCR showed superior performance in BAL with sensitivity/specificity of 56%/94% and 44%/94% compared to 33%/97% and 11%/94% in serum. Despite better sensitivity of 89%, BDG showed poor specificity of only 31% (BAL) and 26% (serum). Combination of GM and PCR (BAL) with BDG (serum) resulted in 100% sensitivity, but also reduced specificity to 23%. Whereas mean GM levels were significantly higher in hematological patients BDG and PCR did not differ between hematological and non-hematological patients. Under present clinical conditions test combinations integrating both BAL and blood samples are advantageous. BDG might best serve as possible indicator for ruling out IPA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01695499. First posted: September 28, 2012, last update posted: May 8, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boch
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - M Reinwald
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Klinikum Brandenburg, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - B Spiess
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - T Liebregts
- University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Essen, Germany
| | - P Schellongowski
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Meybohm
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - P-M Rath
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - J Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany; Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - F Trinkmann
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Britsch
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J D Michels
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - C Jabbour
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - W-K Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - D Buchheidt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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17
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Shah MM, Hsiao EI, Kirsch CM, Gohil A, Narasimhan S, Stevens DA. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and influenza co-infection in immunocompetent hosts: case reports and review of the literature. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 91:147-152. [PMID: 29454654 PMCID: PMC5970059 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is classically considered an illness of severely immunocompromised patients with limited host defenses. However, IPA has been reported in immunocompetent but critically ill patients. This report describes two fatal cases of pathologically confirmed IPA in patients with influenza in the intensive care unit. One patient had influenza B infection, whereas the other had influenza A H1N1. Both patients died despite broad-spectrum antimicrobials, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor support. Microscopic and histologic postmortem examination confirmed IPA. Review of the English language and foreign literature indicates that galactomannan antigen testing and classic radiologic findings for IPA may not be reliable in immunocompetent patients. Respiratory cultures which grow Aspergillus species in critically ill patients, particularly those with underlying influenza infection, should not necessarily be disregarded as contaminants or colonizers. Further research is needed to better understand the immunological relationship between influenza and IPA for improved prevention and treatment of influenza and Aspergillus co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa M Shah
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 751 S. Bascom Ave, San Jose, CA, 95128-2699, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.
| | - Eric I Hsiao
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 751 S. Bascom Ave, San Jose, CA, 95128-2699, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.
| | - Carl M Kirsch
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 751 S. Bascom Ave, San Jose, CA, 95128-2699, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.
| | - Amit Gohil
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 751 S. Bascom Ave, San Jose, CA, 95128-2699, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.
| | - Supriya Narasimhan
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 751 S. Bascom Ave, San Jose, CA, 95128-2699, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.
| | - David A Stevens
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; California Institute for Medical Research, 2260 Clove Dr., San Jose 95128.
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18
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Ullmann AJ, Aguado JM, Arikan-Akdagli S, Denning DW, Groll AH, Lagrou K, Lass-Flörl C, Lewis RE, Munoz P, Verweij PE, Warris A, Ader F, Akova M, Arendrup MC, Barnes RA, Beigelman-Aubry C, Blot S, Bouza E, Brüggemann RJM, Buchheidt D, Cadranel J, Castagnola E, Chakrabarti A, Cuenca-Estrella M, Dimopoulos G, Fortun J, Gangneux JP, Garbino J, Heinz WJ, Herbrecht R, Heussel CP, Kibbler CC, Klimko N, Kullberg BJ, Lange C, Lehrnbecher T, Löffler J, Lortholary O, Maertens J, Marchetti O, Meis JF, Pagano L, Ribaud P, Richardson M, Roilides E, Ruhnke M, Sanguinetti M, Sheppard DC, Sinkó J, Skiada A, Vehreschild MJGT, Viscoli C, Cornely OA. Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24 Suppl 1:e1-e38. [PMID: 29544767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 828] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, the European Confederation of Medical Mycology and the European Respiratory Society Joint Clinical Guidelines focus on diagnosis and management of aspergillosis. Of the numerous recommendations, a few are summarized here. Chest computed tomography as well as bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with suspicion of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis (IA) are strongly recommended. For diagnosis, direct microscopy, preferably using optical brighteners, histopathology and culture are strongly recommended. Serum and BAL galactomannan measures are recommended as markers for the diagnosis of IA. PCR should be considered in conjunction with other diagnostic tests. Pathogen identification to species complex level is strongly recommended for all clinically relevant Aspergillus isolates; antifungal susceptibility testing should be performed in patients with invasive disease in regions with resistance found in contemporary surveillance programmes. Isavuconazole and voriconazole are the preferred agents for first-line treatment of pulmonary IA, whereas liposomal amphotericin B is moderately supported. Combinations of antifungals as primary treatment options are not recommended. Therapeutic drug monitoring is strongly recommended for patients receiving posaconazole suspension or any form of voriconazole for IA treatment, and in refractory disease, where a personalized approach considering reversal of predisposing factors, switching drug class and surgical intervention is also strongly recommended. Primary prophylaxis with posaconazole is strongly recommended in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome receiving induction chemotherapy. Secondary prophylaxis is strongly recommended in high-risk patients. We strongly recommend treatment duration based on clinical improvement, degree of immunosuppression and response on imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Ullmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - J M Aguado
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital Madrid, Madrid, Spain; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - S Arikan-Akdagli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - D W Denning
- The National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, ECMM Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology, Manchester, UK; The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - A H Groll
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Centre for Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - K Lagrou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, ECMM Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - C Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, ECMM Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - R E Lewis
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG)
| | - P Munoz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias - CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - P E Verweij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, ECMM Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology, Nijmegen, Netherlands; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - A Warris
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - F Ader
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm 1111, French International Centre for Infectious Diseases Research (CIRI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; European Respiratory Society (ERS)
| | - M Akova
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - M C Arendrup
- Department Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - R A Barnes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - C Beigelman-Aubry
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; European Respiratory Society (ERS)
| | - S Blot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; European Respiratory Society (ERS)
| | - E Bouza
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias - CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - R J M Brüggemann
- Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, ECMM Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology, Nijmegen, Netherlands; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG)
| | - D Buchheidt
- Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - J Cadranel
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Tenon and Sorbonne, University of Paris, Paris, France; European Respiratory Society (ERS)
| | - E Castagnola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG)
| | - A Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India; European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - M Cuenca-Estrella
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - G Dimopoulos
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece; European Respiratory Society (ERS)
| | - J Fortun
- Infectious Diseases Service, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - J-P Gangneux
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - J Garbino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - W J Heinz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - R Herbrecht
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG)
| | - C P Heussel
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Thoracic Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - C C Kibbler
- Centre for Medical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK; European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - N Klimko
- Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergy and Immunology, North Western State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia; European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - B J Kullberg
- Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, ECMM Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology, Nijmegen, Netherlands; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - C Lange
- International Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Centre Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine & Biosciences, Borstel, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Tuberculosis Unit, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems Site, Lübeck, Germany; European Respiratory Society (ERS)
| | - T Lehrnbecher
- Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - J Löffler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - O Lortholary
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Children's Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - J Maertens
- Department of Haematology, ECMM Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - O Marchetti
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, Ensemble Hospitalier de la Côte, Morges, Switzerland; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - J F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, ECMM Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology, Nijmegen, Netherlands; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - L Pagano
- Department of Haematology, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - P Ribaud
- Quality Unit, Pôle Prébloc, Saint-Louis and Lariboisière Hospital Group, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Richardson
- The National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, ECMM Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology, Manchester, UK; The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - E Roilides
- Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece; Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - M Ruhnke
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Paracelsus Hospital, Osnabrück, Germany; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - M Sanguinetti
- Institute of Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - D C Sheppard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - J Sinkó
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Szent István and Szent László Hospital, Budapest, Hungary; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG)
| | - A Skiada
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - M J G T Vehreschild
- Department I of Internal Medicine, ECMM Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Centre for Integrated Oncology, Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany; European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - C Viscoli
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and University of Genova (DISSAL), Genova, Italy; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
| | - O A Cornely
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Clinical Trials Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG); European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM); ESCMID European Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH).
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19
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Sun KS, Tsai CF, Chen SCC, Huang WC. Clinical outcome and prognostic factors associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: An 11-year follow-up report from Taiwan. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186422. [PMID: 29049319 PMCID: PMC5648178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has high mortality rate but prognostic factors are not well established. The aim of our study was to evaluate the trend in in-hospital mortality over a period of 11 years and identify factors affecting the clinical outcomes of patients with IPA. METHOD We conducted a nationwide inpatient population study using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 407 IPA patients from 2002 to 2012 were included in the study. Differences in demographics, comorbidities, and treatment were evaluated between in-hospital death group and survival group. Multivariate analysis was also performed to identify risk factors for mortality. RESULT Male patients represented 63.14% of the patients (n = 257) and the mean age was 53.15 ± 20.93 years. Hematological cancer (n = 216, 53.07%) and diabetes mellitus (n = 75, 18.43%) were the most common underlying conditions. The overall case fatality rate was 30.22% with female slightly higher then male (32.67% versus 28.79%). The in-hospital case fatality rate increased since 2002 and peaked in 2006. It then declined over time with an in-hospital mortality of 25% in 2012. The in-hospital death group had a higher intubation rate (p<0.0001), a longer ICU stay (p = 0.0062), higher percentages of DM (p = 0.0412) and COPD (p = 0.0178), and a lower percentage of hematological cancer (p = 0.0079) as compared to survivor. The in-hospital death group was more likely to have steroid treatment (p<0.0001), develop acute renal failure (p<0.0001) and other infectious diseases (p = 0.0008) during hospitalization. Multivariate analysis identified female gender, older age (≥ 65 years old), intubation, bone marrow transplantation, acute renal failure, other infectious diseases and steroid use as predictive factors for mortality. CONCLUSION The present study shows the trend in mortality among patients with IPA over an 11-year period. Female gender, older age, intubation, bone marrow transplantation, acute renal failure, other infectious diseases and steroid use were identified as risk factors for mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shao Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Solomon Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
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20
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McCarthy MW, Petraitiene R, Walsh TJ. Nucleic acid amplification methodologies for the detection of pulmonary mold infections. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:271-279. [PMID: 28218019 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1293528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The detection of pulmonary mold infections has historically required technically demanding methods obtained through invasive procedures. Nucleic acid amplification assays have the potential to circumvent the technical hurdles associated with diagnosis, but are not without potential pitfalls. Areas covered: In this paper, the authors review new assays for the diagnosis of pulmonary mold infections due to aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and hyalohyphomycoses as well as uncommon infections caused by dematiaceous molds. Expert commentary: Nucleic acid amplification assays have the potential to rapidly identify patients with invasive mycoses and could shorten the time to implementation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. However, selection of appropriate patient populations will be crucial to ensure the highest Bayesian positive predictive value for any novel diagnostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew William McCarthy
- a Department of Medicine , Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College of Cornell University - Hospital Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Ruta Petraitiene
- b Department of Medicine , Cornell University , NY , New York City , USA
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- c Department of Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical Center - Transplantation, Oncology Infectious Diseases Program , New York , NY , USA
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21
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Bassetti M, Bouza E. Invasive mould infections in the ICU setting: complexities and solutions. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:i39-i47. [PMID: 28355466 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by filamentous fungi represent a major burden in the ICU. Invasive aspergillosis is emerging in non-neutropenic individuals with predisposing conditions, e.g. corticosteroid treatment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver cirrhosis, solid organ cancer, HIV infection and transplantation. Diagnosis is challenging because the signs and symptoms are non-specific, and initiation of additional diagnostic examinations is often delayed because clinical suspicion is low. Isolation of an Aspergillus species from the respiratory tract in critically ill patients, and tests such as serum galactomannan, bronchoalveolar lavage 1-3-β-d-glucan and specific PCR should be interpreted with caution. ICU patients should start adequate antifungal therapy upon suspicion of invasive aspergillosis, without awaiting definitive proof. Voriconazole, and now isavuconazole, are the drugs of choice. Mucormycosis is a rare, but increasingly prevalent disease that occurs mainly in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, immunocompromised individuals or previously healthy patients with open wounds contaminated with Mucorales. A high proportion of cases are diagnosed in the ICU. Rapidly progressing necrotizing lesions in the rhino-sinusal area, the lungs or skin and soft tissues are the characteristic presentation. Confirmation of diagnosis is based on demonstration of tissue invasion by non-septate hyphae, and by new promising molecular techniques. Control of underlying predisposing conditions, rapid surgical resection and administration of liposomal amphotericin B are the main therapeutic actions, but new agents such as isavuconazole are a promising alternative. Patients with mucormycosis receive a substantial part of their care in ICUs and, despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, mortality remains very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bassetti
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Ikari T, Nagai K, Ohe M, Harada T, Akiyama Y. Multiple cavities with halo sign in a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis during therapy for drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Respir Med Case Rep 2017; 21:124-128. [PMID: 28480161 PMCID: PMC5407638 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A 67-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome was admitted for drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) caused by salazosulfapyridine. Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) variant B was strongly positive on peripheral blood. Multiple cavities with ground grass opacities rapidly emerged predominantly in the upper and middle lobes. She was diagnosed with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), and was treated successfully with antifungal agents. Therapeutic systemic corticosteroids, emphysematous change in the lungs, and the worsening of the patient's general condition due to DIHS were considered major contributing factor leading to IPA. HHV-6 reactivation could have an effect on clinical course of IPA. Cavities with halo sign would provide an early clue to IPA in non-neutropenic and immunosuppressive patients.
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Key Words
- BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage
- BG, 1,3-β-glucan
- CMV, cytomegalovirus
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CT, computed tomography
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- DIHS, drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome
- DRESS, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic syndrome
- Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome
- GGO, ground grass opacity
- GM, galactomannan antigenemia
- HHV-6, Human herpes virus 6
- Halo sign
- Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6)
- IPA, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
- Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
- LAA, low attenuation area
- MCFG, micafungin
- VRCZ, voriconazole
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Ikari
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, JCHO Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Katsura Nagai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, JCHO Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Masashi Ohe
- Department of Connective Tissue Disease, JCHO Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, JCHO Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasushi Akiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, JCHO Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
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23
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A prospective study of fungal biomarkers to improve management of invasive fungal diseases in a mixed specialty critical care unit. J Crit Care 2017; 40:119-127. [PMID: 28384600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) in critical care patients (CrCP) is difficult. The study investigated the performance of a set of biomarkers for diagnosis of IFD in a mixed specialty critical care unit (CrCU). METHODS A prospective observational study in patients receiving critical care for ≥7days was performed. Serum samples were tested for the presence of: (1-3) - β-d-glucan (BDG), galactomannan (GM), and Aspergillus fumigatus DNA. GM antigen detection was also performed on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. The patients were classified using published definitions for IFD and a diagnostic algorithm for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Performance parameters of the assays were determined. RESULTS In patients with proven and probable IFD, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of a single positive BDG were 63%, 83%, 65% and 83% respectively. Specificity increased to 86% with 2 consecutive positive results. The mean BDG value of patients with proven and probable IFD was significantly higher compared to those with fungal colonization and no IFD (p value<0.0001). CONCLUSION New diagnostic criteria which incorporate these biomarkers, in particular BDG, and host factors unique to critical care patients should enhance diagnosis of IFD and positively impact antifungal stewardship programs.
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24
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Ghrenassia E, Guihot A, Dong Y, Robinet P, Fontaine T, Lacombe K, Lescot T, Meyohas MC, Elbim C. First Report of CD4 Lymphopenia and Defective Neutrophil Functions in a Patient with Amebiasis Associated with CMV Reactivation and Severe Bacterial and Fungal Infections. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:203. [PMID: 28243230 PMCID: PMC5303735 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a patient with acute necrotizing colitis due to invasive amebiasis associated with CD4 lymphopenia and impaired neutrophil responses. The course of the disease was characterized by CMV reactivation and severe and recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, which might be related to the decreased CD4 T cell count and the impaired functional capacities of neutrophils, respectively. The clinical outcome was positive with normalization of both CD4 cell count and neutrophil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Ghrenassia
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Paris, France
| | - Amélie Guihot
- Département d'Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParis, France; DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-ParisParis, France
| | - Yuan Dong
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, UMR-S 938 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Robinet
- DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-ParisParis, France
| | | | - Karine Lacombe
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lescot
- Unité de Réanimation Chirurgicale Digestive, Département D'anesthésie et de Réanimation Chirurgicale, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Paris, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Meyohas
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Paris, France
| | - Carole Elbim
- DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-ParisParis, France
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25
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Lin CY, Liu WL, Chang CC, Chang HT, Hu HC, Kao KC, Chen NH, Chen YJ, Yang CT, Huang CC, Dimopoulos G. Invasive fungal tracheobronchitis in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: underlying conditions, diagnosis, and outcomes. Ann Intensive Care 2017; 7:9. [PMID: 28083768 PMCID: PMC5233606 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-016-0230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive fungal tracheobronchitis (IFT) is a severe form of pulmonary fungal infection that is not limited to immunocompromised patients. Although respiratory failure is a crucial predictor of death, information regarding IFT in critically ill patients is limited. Methods In this retrospective, multicenter, observational study, we enrolled adults diagnosed as having IFT who had been admitted to the intensive care unit between January 2007 and December 2015. Their demographics, clinical imaging data, bronchoscopic and histopathological findings, and outcomes were recorded. Results This study included 31 patients who had been diagnosed as having IFT, comprising 24 men and 7 women with a mean age of 64.7 ± 13.7 years. All patients developed respiratory failure and received mechanical ventilation before diagnosis. Eighteen (58.1%) patients had diabetes mellitus, and 12 (38.7%) had chronic lung disease. Four (12.9%) patients had hematologic disease, and none of the patients had neutropenia. Twenty-five (80.6%) patients were diagnosed as having proven IFT, and the remaining patients had probable IFT. Aspergillus spp. (61.3%) were the most common pathogenic species, followed by Mucorales (25.8%) and Candida spp. (6.5%). The diagnoses in six (19.4%) patients were confirmed only through bronchial biopsy and histopathological examination, whereas their cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were negative for fungi. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 93.5%. Conclusions IFT in critically ill patients results in a high mortality rate. Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent underlying disease, followed by chronic lung disease. In addition to Aspergillus spp., Mucorales is another crucial pathogenic species. Bronchial lesion biopsy is the key diagnostic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Health Sciences, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chia Chang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Tai Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Kao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Hung Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - George Dimopoulos
- Department of Critical Care, ATTIKON University Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to give an update on the available diagnostic approaches and currently adopted therapeutic management of severe fungal diseases in the ICU setting. RECENT FINDINGS In order to reduce the clinical impact of life-threatening Candida infections, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are strictly required. Preemptive strategies, mainly based on serological markers [i.e., (1-3)-β-D-glucan assay] are progressively replacing prophylactic and empirical approaches, limiting inadequate antifungal use. For the diagnosis of aspergillosis new algorithm has been recently validated, supported by the better knowledge of galactomannan antigen kinetic as a clinical marker. Echinocandins and voriconazole are the first choice drugs for the treatment of invasive Candida and Aspergillus infections, respectively. Although rare, other fungal infections (i.e., Pneumocystis jirovecii, Cryptococcus spp., and Mucorales spp.) may be responsible for life-threatening diseases in ICU patients, and early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are also important. SUMMARY Critically ill patients may frequently experience severe invasive fungal infections. Biomarkers-based diagnostic approaches give, at the same time, the possibility to early detect the ongoing infection and reduce inappropriate antifungal therapy in nonconfirmed cases. Potent and well tolerated drugs are now available for the treatment of proven cases but clinicians should carefully consider the risk of treatment failure and the availability of new monitoring and therapeutic tools.
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Wang M, Liu Z, Liu C, Wu T, Cai F, Wang Q, Su X, Shi Y. PU.1 is involved in the immune response to Aspergillus fumigatus through upregulating Dectin-1 expression. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:297. [PMID: 27306059 PMCID: PMC4910222 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive aspergillosis is a life-threatening disease, and its incidence has increased in the recent past. Dectin-1 recognizes β-glucans and mediates innate immune responses to Aspergillus fumigatus. Transcription factor PU.1 has been the focus of recent research due to its role in inflammation and infection. However, its role in Dectin-1 regulation during A. fumigatus infection remains to be elucidated. Methods THP-1 cells were stimulated with A. fumigatus conidia. We then used real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays to analyze the mRNA and protein levels and cellular distribution, respectively, of Dectin-1 and PU.1 in stimulated THP-1 cells. Additionally, we used the luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), and RNA interference experiments to investigate the role of PU.1 in Dectin-1 regulation. Results Our results revealed that Dectin-1 mRNA and protein levels as well as the PU.1 protein level were increased in THP-1 cells stimulated with A. fumigatus conidia, while the mRNA expression level did not significantly change between the stimulated and control groups. We also observed that PU.1 translocated into the nucleus in stimulated THP-1 cells. The results of the luciferase reporter assay showed that PU.1 promoted human Dectin-1 (hDectin-1) gene activity. ChIP and EMSA indicated that PU.1 could bind with hDectin-1 gene promoter at three potential transcription factor-binding sites (TFBSs). In addition, knockdown of PU.1 significantly decreased Dectin-1 expression. Conclusions This study demonstrated the novel role of PU.1 in the immune response to A. fumigatus through upregulation of Dectin-1 expression and its translocation to the nucleus in A. fumigatus-stimulated THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Ting Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, China.
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Dichtl K, Wagener J, Tschöp J, Ney L. Analysis of peritoneal galactomannan for the diagnosis of Aspergillus peritonitis. Infection 2016; 44:683-6. [PMID: 27160571 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-016-0902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a patient developing a postoperative peritoneal infection by Aspergillus fumigatus. While galactomannan serum levels were negative throughout the time course, galactomannan levels in peritoneal fluids yielded high results. Serological testing of peritoneal fluids for fungal antigens might be a useful and easily applicable tool to support diagnosis of intraabdominal aspergillosis, which represents a rare type of invasive fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Dichtl
- Max Von Pettenkofer-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Wagener
- Max Von Pettenkofer-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Tschöp
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Ney
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Plasmalyte: No Longer a Culprit in Causing False-Positive Galactomannan Test Results. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 54:795-7. [PMID: 26719444 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02813-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
False-positive galactomannan (GM) results have been reported in patients treated with gluconate-containing solutions, such as Plasmalyte. The GM optical density index was tested on 33 distinct batches of Plasmalyte and was found to be negative in all of the batches, confirming that Plasmalyte is no longer a cause of false-positive GM results.
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