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Yamaguchi S, Sunagawa N, Samejima M, Igarashi K. Thermotolerance Mechanism of Fungal GH6 Cellobiohydrolase. Part I. Characterization of Thermotolerant Mutant from the Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2024; 71:55-62. [PMID: 38863951 PMCID: PMC11163330 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2023_0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellobiohydrolase (CBH), belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 6 (GH6), plays an essential role in cellulose saccharification, but its low thermotolerance presents a challenge in improving the reaction efficiency. Based on a report that chimeric CBH II (GH6) engineered to remove non-disulfide-bonded free Cys shows increased thermotolerance, we previously mutated the two free Cys residues to Ser in GH6 CBH from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcCel6A) and obtained a thermotolerant double mutant, C240S/C393S (Yamaguchi et al., J. Appl. Glycosci. 2020; 67: 79-86). Here, characterization of the double mutant revealed that its activity towards both amorphous and crystalline cellulose was higher than that of the wild-type enzyme at elevated temperature, suggesting that the catalytic domain is the major contributor to the increased thermotolerance. To investigate the role of each free Cys residue, we prepared both single mutants, C240S and C393S, of the catalytic domain of PcCel6A and examined their residual activity at high temperature and the temperature-dependent changes of folding by means of circular dichroism measurements and thermal shift assay. The results indicate that the C393S mutation is the main contributor to both the increased thermotolerance of C240S/C393S and the increased activity of the catalytic domain at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Naoki Sunagawa
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masahiro Samejima
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Wang B, Xu JZ, Liu S, Rao ZM, Zhang WG. Engineering of human tryptophan hydroxylase 2 for efficient synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptophan. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129484. [PMID: 38242416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
L-Tryptophan hydroxylation catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) presents a promising method for synthesizing 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), yet the limited activity of wild-type human TPH2 restricts its application. A high-activity mutant, MT10 (H318E/H323E), was developed through semi-rational active site saturation testing (CAST) of wild-type TPH2, exhibiting a 2.85-fold increase in kcat/Km over the wild type, thus enhancing catalytic efficiency. Two biotransformation systems were developed, including an in vitro one-pot system and a Whole-Cell Catalysis System (WCCS). In the WCCS, MT10 achieved a conversion rate of only 31.5 % within 32 h. In the one-pot reaction, MT10 converted 50 mM L-tryptophan to 44.5 mM 5-HTP within 8 h, achieving an 89 % conversion rate, outperforming the M1 (NΔ143/CΔ26) variant. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated enhanced interactions of MT10 with the substrate, suggesting improved binding affinity and system stability. This study offers an effective approach for the efficient production of 5-HTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- BingBing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Khlebodarova TM, Bogacheva NV, Zadorozhny AV, Bryanskaya AV, Vasilieva AR, Chesnokov DO, Pavlova EI, Peltek SE. Komagataella phaffii as a Platform for Heterologous Expression of Enzymes Used for Industry. Microorganisms 2024; 12:346. [PMID: 38399750 PMCID: PMC10892927 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the 1980s, Escherichia coli was the preferred host for heterologous protein expression owing to its capacity for rapid growth in complex media; well-studied genetics; rapid and direct transformation with foreign DNA; and easily scalable fermentation. Despite the relative ease of use of E. coli for achieving the high expression of many recombinant proteins, for some proteins, e.g., membrane proteins or proteins of eukaryotic origin, this approach can be rather ineffective. Another microorganism long-used and popular as an expression system is baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In spite of a number of obvious advantages of these yeasts as host cells, there are some limitations on their use as expression systems, for example, inefficient secretion, misfolding, hyperglycosylation, and aberrant proteolytic processing of proteins. Over the past decade, nontraditional yeast species have been adapted to the role of alternative hosts for the production of recombinant proteins, e.g., Komagataella phaffii, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These yeast species' several physiological characteristics (that are different from those of S. cerevisiae), such as faster growth on cheap carbon sources and higher secretion capacity, make them practical alternative hosts for biotechnological purposes. Currently, the K. phaffii-based expression system is one of the most popular for the production of heterologous proteins. Along with the low secretion of endogenous proteins, K. phaffii efficiently produces and secretes heterologous proteins in high yields, thereby reducing the cost of purifying the latter. This review will discuss practical approaches and technological solutions for the efficient expression of recombinant proteins in K. phaffii, mainly based on the example of enzymes used for the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M. Khlebodarova
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Bogacheva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Zadorozhny
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alla V. Bryanskaya
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Asya R. Vasilieva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Danil O. Chesnokov
- Sector of Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.O.C.); (E.I.P.)
| | - Elena I. Pavlova
- Sector of Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.O.C.); (E.I.P.)
| | - Sergey E. Peltek
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Eskandari A, Nezhad NG, Leow TC, Rahman MBA, Oslan SN. Current achievements, strategies, obstacles, and overcoming the challenges of the protein engineering in Pichia pastoris expression system. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:39. [PMID: 38062216 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Yeasts serve as exceptional hosts in the manufacturing of functional protein engineering and possess industrial or medical utilities. Considerable focus has been directed towards yeast owing to its inherent benefits and recent advancements in this particular cellular host. The Pichia pastoris expression system is widely recognized as a prominent and widely accepted instrument in molecular biology for the purpose of generating recombinant proteins. The advantages of utilizing the P. pastoris system for protein production encompass the proper folding process occurring within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as well as the subsequent secretion mediated by Kex2 as a signal peptidase, ultimately leading to the release of recombinant proteins into the extracellular environment of the cell. In addition, within the P. pastoris expression system, the ease of purifying recombinant protein arises from its restricted synthesis of endogenous secretory proteins. Despite its achievements, scientists often encounter persistent challenges when attempting to utilize yeast for the production of recombinant proteins. This review is dedicated to discussing the current achievements in the usage of P. pastoris as an expression host. Furthermore, it sheds light on the strategies employed in the expression system and the optimization and development of the fermentative process of this yeast. Finally, the impediments (such as identifying high expression strains, improving secretion efficiency, and decreasing hyperglycosylation) and successful resolution of certain difficulties are put forth and deliberated upon in order to assist and promote the expression of complex proteins in this prevalent recombinant host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Eskandari
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nima Ghahremani Nezhad
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Enzyme Technology and X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Khim Chan S, Yi Lai J, Gan CY, Soon Lim T. A Semi-Rational Mutagenesis Approach For Improved Substrate Activity Of Microbial Transglutaminase. Food Chem 2023; 419:136070. [PMID: 37030209 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
A higher specific activity of microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) is desirable for a broad range of applications ranging from food industry to biotechnology. Three-dimensional docking simulation of mTGase revealed that residues V65, W69, and Y75 were critical for substrate recognition. A semi-rational mutagenesis approach was applied to each residue to generate three separate mini mutant libraries. A high-throughput screening process identified five mutants that demonstrated improved specific activities than the wild type (WT) mTGase were isolated from the Y75 mini mutant library. Mutant Y75L showed approximately 60% increment in specific activity and improved substrate specificity. Conjugation of two heterologous single-chain fragment variable clones to generate a diabody with mutant Y75L was successfully performed and validated. This work demonstrates the successful application of semi-rational mutagenesis coupled with a high-throughput screening approach to identify mTGase mutants with improved specific activities and specificities which are beneficial for protein-protein conjugation.
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Du M, Hou Z, Liu L, Xuan Y, Chen X, Fan L, Li Z, Xu B. 1Progress, applications, challenges and prospects of protein purification technology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1028691. [PMID: 36561042 PMCID: PMC9763899 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1028691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein is one of the most important biological macromolecules in life, which plays a vital role in cell growth, development, movement, heredity, reproduction and other life activities. High quality isolation and purification is an essential step in the study of the structure and function of target proteins. Therefore, the development of protein purification technologies has great theoretical and practical significance in exploring the laws of life activities and guiding production practice. Up to now, there is no forthcoming method to extract any proteins from a complex system, and the field of protein purification still faces significant opportunities and challenges. Conventional protein purification generally includes three steps: pretreatment, rough fractionation, and fine fractionation. Each of the steps will significantly affect the purity, yield and the activity of target proteins. The present review focuses on the principle and process of protein purification, recent advances, and the applications of these technologies in the life and health industry as well as their far-reaching impact, so as to promote the research of protein structure and function, drug development and precision medicine, and bring new insights to researchers in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Du
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Zhuru Hou
- Science and Technology Centre, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Lvliang for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Fenyang, China,*Correspondence: Ling Liu, ; Benjin Xu,
| | - Yan Xuan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Xiaocong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Zhuoxi Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Benjin Xu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Lvliang for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics, Fenyang, China,*Correspondence: Ling Liu, ; Benjin Xu,
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Acar M, Unver Y. Constitutive and extracellular expression of pectin methylesterase from Pectobacterium chrysanthemi in Pichia pastoris. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:219. [PMID: 35965660 PMCID: PMC9365906 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase (PME) which is widely used in the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries catalyses the hydrolysis of the methyl ester of pectin to yield methanol and free carboxyl groups. This study was performed to produce active pectin methylesterase (PME) extracellularly from Pectobacterium chrysanthemi in Pichia pastoris. Firstly, pGKBα was constructed for the secretion of heterologous protein. After it was cloned in Escherichia coli cells and the sequence was affirmed, PME gene was inserted into pGKBα. So, pGKBα-PME carried the PME gene in correct position was cloned in E. coli cells. Then, P. pastoris X-33 cells were transformed with linearized pGKBα-PME and six transformants were cultivated for recombinant PME production. It was observed that one of them had a high-capacity secretion of active PME. The molecular mass of extracellular PME enzyme was found to be about 59 kDa. The PME enzyme from P. chrysanthemi was produced by P. pastoris for the first time in this study. This recombinant enzyme might be produced in a large scale and also purified from the culture medium. Then, the purified enzyme might be used for clarification and increasing yield of juice in food industrial applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03291-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Acar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Unver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Zhang XS, Zhao YJ, Zhang Y, Xu T, Cui KL, Duan BT, Lv XL, Zhang L, Xu ZY, Bai R, Zheng MX. Role of EtMIC4 EGF-like in regulating the apoptosis of Eimeria tenella host cells via the EGFR pathway. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102075. [PMID: 36041391 PMCID: PMC9449671 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Pan-utai W, Iamtham S, Roytrakul S, Settachaimongkon S, Wattanasiritham LS, Boonbumrung S, Mookdasanit J, Sithtisarn S. Arthrospira platensis Mutagenesis for Protein and C-Phycocyanin Improvement and Proteomics Approaches. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060911. [PMID: 35743942 PMCID: PMC9227609 DOI: 10.3390/life12060911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis is known for its use as a food supplement, with reported therapeutic properties including antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Arthrospira is also an excellent source of proteins and C-phycocyanin. The latter is a light-harvesting pigment-protein complex in cyanobacteria, located on the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane and comprising 40 to 60% of the total soluble protein in cells. Random mutagenesis is a useful tool as a non-genetically modified mutation method that has been widely used to generate mutants of different microorganisms. Exposure of microalgae or cyanobacteria to chemical stimuli affects their growth and many biological processes. Chemicals influence several proteins, including those involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolisms, photosynthesis and stress-related proteins (oxidative stress-reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes). Signal transduction pathways and ion transportation mechanisms are also impacted by chemical treatment, with changes causing the production of numerous biomolecules and stimulation of defence responses. This study compared the protein contents of A. platensis control and after mutagenesis using diethyl sulphate (DES) under various treatment concentrations for effective mutation of A. platensis. Results identified 1152 peptides using proteomics approaches. The proteins were classified into 23 functional categories. Random mutagenesis of A. platensis by DES was found to be highly effective for C-phycocyanin and protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanida Pan-utai
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
| | - Siriluck Iamtham
- Department of Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Sarn Settachaimongkon
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Ladda Sangduean Wattanasiritham
- Department of Food Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (L.S.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Sumitra Boonbumrung
- Department of Food Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (L.S.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Juta Mookdasanit
- Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Sayamon Sithtisarn
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
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Prates JWO, Xisto MF, Rodrigues JVDS, Colombari JPC, Meira JMA, Dias RS, da Silva CC, de Paula ESO. Zika Virus Envelope Protein Domain III Produced in K. phaffii Has the Potential for Diagnostic Applications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051198. [PMID: 35626353 PMCID: PMC9139701 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) represents a global human health threat and it is related to severe diseases such as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). There is no vaccine available nor specific antiviral treatment, so developing sensitive, specific, and low-cost diagnostic tests is necessary. Thus, the objective of this work was to produce the Zika virus envelope protein domain III (ZIKV-EDIII) in Komagataella phaffii KM71H and evaluate its potential for diagnostic applications. After the K. phaffii had been transformed with the pPICZαA-ZIKV-EDIII vector, an SDS-PAGE and Western Blot were performed to characterize the recombinant protein and an ELISA to evaluate the antigenic potential. The results show that ZIKV-EDIII was produced in the expected size, with a good purity grade and yield of 2.58 mg/L. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed 90% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for IgM, and 93.33% sensitivity and 82.76% specificity for IgG. The ZIKV-EDIII protein was efficiently produced in K. phaffi, and it has the potential for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Willians Oliveira Prates
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.W.O.P.); (J.V.d.S.R.); (C.C.d.S.)
| | - Mariana Fonseca Xisto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunovirology, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.F.X.); (R.S.D.)
| | - João Vitor da Silva Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.W.O.P.); (J.V.d.S.R.); (C.C.d.S.)
| | - João Pedro Cruz Colombari
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.C.C.); (J.M.A.M.)
| | - Júlia Maria Alves Meira
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.C.C.); (J.M.A.M.)
| | - Roberto Sousa Dias
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunovirology, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.F.X.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Cynthia Canedo da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.W.O.P.); (J.V.d.S.R.); (C.C.d.S.)
| | - e Sérgio Oliveira de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunovirology, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.F.X.); (R.S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-36125015
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Xu Y, Wu Y, Lv X, Sun G, Zhang H, Chen T, Du G, Li J, Liu L. Design and construction of novel biocatalyst for bioprocessing: Recent advances and future outlook. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125071. [PMID: 33826982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioprocess, a biocatalysis-based technology, is becoming popular in many research fields and widely applied in industrial manufacturing. However, low bioconversion, low productivity, and high costs during industrial processes are usually the limitation in bioprocess. Therefore, many biocatalyst strategies have been developed to meet these challenges in recent years. In this review, we firstly discuss protein engineering strategies, which are emerged for improving the biocatalysis activity of biocatalysts. Then, we summarize metabolic engineering strategies that are promoting the development of microbial cell factories. Next, we illustrate the necessity of using the combining strategy of protein engineering and metabolic engineering for efficient biocatalysts. Lastly, future perspectives about the development and application of novel biocatalyst strategies are discussed. This review provides theoretical guidance for the development of efficient, sustainable, and economical bioprocesses mediated by novel biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yaokang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Guoyun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Shandong Runde Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Taichi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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12
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Zhang S, Huang J, Zhang L, Gu J, Song Q, Cai Y, Zhong J, Zhong H, Deng Y, Zhu W, Zhao J, Deng N. Fermentation, Purification, and Tumor Inhibition of a Disulfide-Stabilized Diabody Against Fibroblast Growth Factor-2. Front Oncol 2021; 11:585457. [PMID: 33718141 PMCID: PMC7947002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.585457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer and plays a critical role in the development of tumor. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) is a member of the FGF family and participates in excessive cancer cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Thus, targeting FGF-2 was considered to be a promising anti-tumor strategy. A disulfide-stabilized diabody (ds-Diabody) against FGF-2 was produced in Pichia pastoris (GS115) by fermentation and the anti-tumor activity was analyzed. The novel 10-L fed batch fermentation with newly designed media was established, and the maximum production of the ds-Diabody against FGF-2 reached 210.4 mg/L. The ds-Diabody against FGF-2 was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography and DEAE anion exchange chromatography. The recombinant ds-Diabody against FGF-2 could effectively inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma and glioma tumor cells stimulated by FGF-2. Furthermore, xenograft tumor model assays showed that the ds-Diabody against FGF-2 had potent antitumor activity in nude mice by inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis. The tumor growth inhibition rate of melanoma and glioma was about 70 and 45%, respectively. The tumor angiogenesis inhibition rate of melanoma and glioma was about 64 and 51%, respectively. The results revealed that the recombinant ds-Diabody against FGF-2 may be a promising anti-tumor drug for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ligang Zhang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Gu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifang Song
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxiong Cai
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangchuan Zhong
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Biomedicine Translational Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanrui Deng
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research Center, Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Deng
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Fujii T, Igarashi K, Samejima M. Single Amino Acid Mutation of Pyranose 2-Oxidase Results in Increased Specificity for Diabetes Biomarker 1,5-Anhydro-D-Glucitol. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2020; 67:73-78. [PMID: 34354532 PMCID: PMC8135088 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2020_0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyranose 2-oxidases catalyze the oxidation of various pyranose sugars at the C2 position. However, their potential application for detecting sugars other than glucose in blood is hindered by relatively high activity towards glucose. In this study, in order to find a mutant enzyme with enhanced specificity for 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG), which is a biomarker for diabetes mellitus, we conducted site-directed mutagenesis of pyranose 2-oxidase from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium ( Pc POX). Considering the three-dimensional structure of the substrate-binding site of Pc POX and the structural difference between glucose and 1,5-AG, we selected alanine 551 of Pc POX as a target residue for mutation. Kinetic studies of the 19 mutants of Pc POX expressed as recombinant proteins in E. coli revealed that the ratio of k cat / K m for 1,5-AG to k cat / K m for glucose was three times higher for the A551L mutant than for wild-type Pc POX. Although the A551L mutant has lower specific activity towards each substrate than the wild-type enzyme, its increased specificity for 1,5-AG makes it a promising lead for the development of POX-based 1,5-AG detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fujii
- 1 Ikeda Food Research Co., Ltd.,2 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- 2 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,3 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
| | - Masahiro Samejima
- 2 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,4 Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University
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14
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Yamaguchi S, Sunagawa N, Tachioka M, Igarashi K, Samejima M. Thermostable Mutants of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 6 Cellobiohydrolase from the Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2020; 67:79-86. [PMID: 34354533 PMCID: PMC8132074 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2020_0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal inactivation of saccharifying enzymes is a crucial issue for the efficient utilization of cellulosic biomass as a renewable resource. Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are a kind of cellulase. In general, CBHs belonging to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 6 (Cel6) act synergistically with CBHs of GH family 7 (Cel7) and other carbohydrate-active enzymes during the degradation of cellulosic biomass. However, while the catalytic rate of enzymes generally becomes faster at higher temperatures, Cel6 CBHs are inactivated at lower temperatures than Cel7 CBHs, and this represents a limiting factor for industrial utilization. In this study, we produced a series of mutants of the glycoside hydrolase family 6 cellobiohydrolase Pc Cel6A from the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium , and compared their thermal stability. Eight mutants from a random mutagenesis library and one rationally designed mutant were selected as candidate thermostable mutants and produced by heterologous expression in the yeast Pichia pastoris . Comparison of the hydrolytic activities at 50 and 60 °C indicated that the thermal stability of Pc Cel6A is influenced by the number and position of cysteine residues that are not involved in disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Yamaguchi
- 1 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Naoki Sunagawa
- 1 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Mikako Tachioka
- 1 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,2 Deep-Sea Nanoscience Research Group, Research Center for Bioscience and Nanoscience, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- 1 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,3 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
| | - Masahiro Samejima
- 1 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,4 Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University
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15
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Karbalaei M, Rezaee SA, Farsiani H. Pichia pastoris: A highly successful expression system for optimal synthesis of heterologous proteins. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5867-5881. [PMID: 32057111 PMCID: PMC7228273 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important branches of genetic engineering is the expression of recombinant proteins using biological expression systems. Nowadays, different expression systems are used for the production of recombinant proteins including bacteria, yeasts, molds, mammals, plants, and insects. Yeast expression systems such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) are more popular. P. pastoris expression system is one of the most popular and standard tools for the production of recombinant protein in molecular biology. Overall, the benefits of protein production by P. pastoris system include appropriate folding (in the endoplasmic reticulum) and secretion (by Kex2 as signal peptidase) of recombinant proteins to the external environment of the cell. Moreover, in the P. pastoris expression system due to its limited production of endogenous secretory proteins, the purification of recombinant protein is easy. It is also considered a unique host for the expression of subunit vaccines which could significantly affect the growing market of medical biotechnology. Although P. pastoris expression systems are impressive and easy to use with well‐defined process protocols, some degree of process optimization is required to achieve maximum production of the target proteins. Methanol and sorbitol concentration, Mut forms, temperature and incubation time have to be adjusted to obtain optimal conditions, which might vary among different strains and externally expressed protein. Eventually, optimal conditions for the production of a recombinant protein in P. pastoris expression system differ according to the target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Seyed A Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Tachioka M, Nakamura A, Ishida T, Igarashi K, Samejima M. Crystal structure of a family 6 cellobiohydrolase from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:398-403. [PMID: 28695848 PMCID: PMC5505244 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17008093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellobiohydrolases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 6 (CBH II, Cel6A) play key roles in the hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose. CBH II from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcCel6A) consists of a catalytic domain (CD) and a carbohydrate-binding module connected by a linker peptide, like other known fungal cellobiohydrolases. In the present study, the CD of PcCel6A was crystallized without ligands, and p-nitrophenyl β-D-cellotrioside (pNPG3) was soaked into the crystals. The determined structures of the ligand-free and pNPG3-soaked crystals revealed that binding of cellobiose at substrate subsites +1 and +2 induces a conformational change of the N-terminal and C-terminal loops, switching the tunnel-shaped active site from the open to the closed form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Tachioka
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakamura
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishida
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Masahiro Samejima
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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