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Huang L, Wang W, Wang K, Li Y, Zhou J, Pang A, Zhang B, Liu Z, Zheng Y. Protein rational design and modification of erythrose reductase for the improvement of erythritol production in Yarrowia lipolytica. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-03057-6. [PMID: 38969832 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Erythritol is a natural non-caloric sweetener, which is produced by fermentation and extensively applied in food, medicine and chemical industries. The final step of the erythritol synthesis pathway is involved in erythritol reductase, whose activity and NADPH-dependent become the limiting node of erythritol production efficiency. Herein, we implemented a strategy combining molecular docking and thermal stability screening to construct an ER mutant library. And we successfully obtained a double mutant ERK26N/V295M (ER*) whose catalytic activity was 1.48 times that of wild-type ER. Through structural analysis and MD analysis, we found that the catalytic pocket and the enzyme stability of ER* were both improved. We overexpressed ER* in the engineered strain ΔKU70 to obtain the strain YLE-1. YLE-1 can produce 39.47 g/L of erythritol within 144 h, representing a 35% increase compared to the unmodified strain, and a 10% increase compared to the strain overexpressing wild-type ER. Considering the essentiality of NADPH supply, we further co-expressed ER* with two genes from the oxidative phase of PPP, ZWF1 and GND1. This resulted in the construction of YLE-3, which exhibited a significant increase in production, producing 47.85 g/L of erythritol within 144 h, representing a 63.90% increase compared to the original chassis strain. The productivity and the yield of the engineered strain YLE-3 were 0.33 g/L/h and 0.48 g/g glycerol, respectively. This work provided an ER mutation with excellent performance, and also proved the importance of cofactors in the process of erythritol synthesis, which will promote the industrial production of erythritol by metabolic engineering of Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianggang Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Pang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
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2
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Li L, Zhang Q, Shi R, Yao M, Tian K, Lu F, Qin HM. Multidimensional combinatorial screening for high-level production of erythritol in Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131035. [PMID: 38925409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica was successfully engineered to synthesize erythritol from crude glycerol, a cheap by-product of biodiesel production, but the yield remained low. Here, a biosensor-guided adaptive evolution screening platform was constructed to obtain mutant strains which could efficiently utilize crude glycerol to produce erythritol. Erythrose reductase D46A (M1) was identified as a key mutant through whole-genome sequencing of the strain G12, which exhibited higher catalytic activity (1.6-fold of the wild-type). M1 was further modified to obtain a combinatorial mutant with 4.1-fold enhancement of catalytic activity. Finally, the metabolic network was reconfigured to redirect carbon fluxes toward erythritol synthesis. The erythritol titer of the engineered strain G31 reached 220.5 g/L with a productivity of 1.8 g/L/h in a 5-L bioreactor. The study provides valuable guidance for biosensor-based ultra-high-throughput screening strategies in Y. lipolytica, as well as presenting a new paradigm for the sustainable valorization of crude glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ruirui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Kangming Tian
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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3
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Li M, Ni Z, Li Z, Yin Y, Liu J, Wu D, Sun Z, Wang L. Research progress on biosynthesis of erythritol and multi-dimensional optimization of production strategies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:240. [PMID: 38867081 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Erythritol, as a new type of natural sweetener, has been widely used in food, medical, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and other fields due to its unique physical and chemical properties and physiological functions. In recent years, with the continuous development of strategies such as synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, omics-based systems biology and high-throughput screening technology, people's understanding of the erythritol biosynthesis pathway has gradually deepened, and microbial cell factories with independent modification capabilities have been successfully constructed. In this review, the cheap feedstocks for erythritol synthesis are introduced in detail, the environmental factors affecting the synthesis of erythritol and its regulatory mechanism are described, and the tools and strategies of metabolic engineering involved in erythritol synthesis are summarized. In addition, the study of erythritol derivatives is helpful in expanding its application field. Finally, the challenges that hinder the effective production of erythritol are discussed, which lay a foundation for the green, efficient and sustainable production of erythritol in the future and breaking through the bottleneck of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zifu Ni
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Zhongzeng Li
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanli Yin
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianguang Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453001, China
| | - Zhongke Sun
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Le Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Rzechonek DA, Szczepańczyk M, Borodina I, Neuvéglise C, Mirończuk AM. Transcriptome analysis reveals multiple targets of erythritol-related transcription factor EUF1 in unconventional yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:77. [PMID: 38475794 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythritol is a four-carbon polyol with an unclear role in metabolism of some unconventional yeasts. Its production has been linked to the osmotic stress response, but the mechanism of stress protection remains unclear. Additionally, erythritol can be used as a carbon source. In the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, its assimilation is activated by the transcription factor Euf1. The study investigates whether this factor can link erythritol to other processes in the cell. RESULTS The research was performed on two closely related strains of Y. lipolytica: MK1 and K1, where strain K1 has no functional Euf1. Cultures were carried out in erythritol-containing and erythritol-free media. Transcriptome analysis revealed the effect of Euf1 on the regulation of more than 150 genes. Some of these could be easily connected with different aspects of erythritol assimilation, such as: utilization pathway, a new potential isoform of transketolase, or polyol transporters. However, many of the upregulated genes have never been linked to metabolism of erythritol. The most prominent examples are the degradation pathway of branched-chain amino acids and the glyoxylate cycle. The high transcription of genes affected by Euf1 is still dependent on the erythritol concentration in the medium. Moreover, almost all up-regulated genes have an ATGCA motif in the promoter sequence. CONCLUSIONS These findings may be particularly relevant given the increasing use of erythritol-induced promoters in genetic engineering of Y. lipolytica. Moreover, use of this yeast in biotechnological processes often takes place under osmotic stress conditions. Erythritol might be produce as a by-product, thus better understanding of its influence on cell metabolism could facilitate processes optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Rzechonek
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Life Sciences (LIFE), Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - M Szczepańczyk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - I Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Neuvéglise
- INRAE, Institut Agro, SPO, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A M Mirończuk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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Rywińska A, Tomaszewska-Hetman L, Lazar Z, Juszczyk P, Sałata P, Malek K, Kawecki A, Rymowicz W. Application of New Yarrowia lipolytica Transformants in Production of Citrates and Erythritol from Glycerol. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1475. [PMID: 38338753 PMCID: PMC10855631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Citric acid and erythritol are obtained on an industrial scale using biotechnological methods. Due to the growing market demand for these products, research is underway to improve the process economics by introducing new microorganisms, in particular of the species Yarrowia lipolytica. The aim of this study was to evaluate transformants of Y. lipolytica for growth and ability to overproduce citric acids and erythritol from glycerol. The transformants were constructed by overexpressing glycerol kinase, methylcitrate synthase and mitochondrial succinate-fumarate transporter in the mutant Wratislavia 1.31. Next, strains were assessed for biosynthesis of citrate (pH 5.5; nitrogen limitation) and erythritol (pH 3.0; high osmotic pressure) from glycerol. Regardless of culture conditions strains, 1.31.GUT1/6 and 1.31.GUT1/6.CIT1/3 exhibited high rates of substrate utilization. Under conditions favoring citrate biosynthesis, both strains produced several percent more citrates, accompanied by higher erythritol production compared to the parental strain. During erythritol biosynthesis, the strain 1.31.GUT1/6.CIT1/3.E34672g obtained as a result of co-expression of all three genes stood out, producing 84.0 g/L of erythritol with yield and productivity of 0.54 g/g and 0.72 g/Lh, respectively, which places it in the group of the highest-ranked producers of erythritol among Y. lipolytica species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludwika Tomaszewska-Hetman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.R.); (Z.L.); (P.J.); (P.S.); (A.K.); (W.R.)
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6
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Yang S, Pan X, You J, Guo B, Liu Z, Cao Y, Li G, Shao M, Zhang X, Rao Z. Systematic metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for the enhanced production of erythritol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129918. [PMID: 37884093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, there has been a growing interest in exploring microbial strains that exhibit enhanced erythritol productivity. Nonetheless, the lack of advanced synthetic biology tools has limited rapid strain development. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to genetically modify Yarrowia lipolytica at the chromosomal level, which could improve the production of erythritol while saving the time required to markers recovery, and realizing the rapid construction of high-erythritol strains. Firstly, the basic strain E004 was generated by increasing the efficiency of homologous recombination and regulating the erythritol degradation pathway. Secondly, eleven key gene targets and a strong promoter 8UAS1BXPR2-PTEFin was obtained by target screening and promoter engineering. Finally, based on modular pathway engineering and morphological engineering, the high production of erythritol was achieved successfully. The best-engineered strain E326 produced 256 g/L erythritol in a 5-L bioreactor, which is the highest production level reported so far in Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xuewei Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Jiajia You
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Baomin Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zuyi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Ying Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Guomin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China.
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Yang W, Zhao X, Han M, Li Y, Tian Y, Rong Z, Zhang J. Recent advances in biosynthesis mechanisms and yield enhancement strategies of erythritol. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37791716 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2260869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar alcohol naturally produced by microorganisms as an osmoprotectant. As a new sugar substitute, erythritol has recently been popular on the ingredient market because of its unique nutritional characteristics. Even though the history of erythritol biosynthesis dates from the turn of the twentieth century, scientific advancement has lagged behind other polyols due to the relative complexity of making it. In recent years, biosynthetic methods for erythritol have been rapidly developed due to an increase in market demand, a better understanding of metabolic pathways, and the rapid development of genetic engineering tools. This paper reviews the history of industrial strain development and focuses on the underlying mechanism of high erythritol production by strains gained through screening or mutagenesis. Meanwhile, we highlight the metabolic pathway knowledge of erythritol biosynthesis in microorganisms and summarize the metabolic engineering and research progress on critical genes involved in different stages of the synthetic pathway. Lastly, we talk about the still-contentious issues and promising future research directions that will help break the erythritol production bottleneck and make erythritol production greener and more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiangying Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Mo Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yanjun Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhangbo Rong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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Huang LG, Xiao BW, Wang WJ, Nian L, Wang HY, Yang WL, Zhou JP, Zhang B, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Multiplex modification of Yarrowia lipolytica for enhanced erythritol biosynthesis from glycerol through modularized metabolic engineering. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023:10.1007/s00449-023-02906-0. [PMID: 37468580 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Erythritol is a novelty 4-carbon sugar polyol and has great potential to be used as the precursor of some platform chemicals. The increasing cost of glucose poses researchers shifting insights to the cheaper biodiesel raw materials. Herein, we engineered a non-degradation, non-byproducts Yarrowia lipolytica for the erythritol production with high-titer from glycerol. Initially, the degradation and competition modules were blocked by URA3 counter-selection marker. Subsequently, a shortened biosynthetic pathway was explored to elevate its synthetic flux by multi-modules combination expression of functional genes. Furthermore, a screened glycerol transporter ScFPS1 was integrated into ERY6 genome to promote the glycerol uptake. The constructed strain ERY8 produced 176.66 g/L erythritol in the 5-L bioreactor with a yield and productivity of 0.631 g/g and 1.23 g/L/h, respectively, which achieved the highest fermentation production efficiency till date. This study proposed a novel multi-modules combination strategy for effectively engineering Y. lipolytica to produce erythritol using glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Gang Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wen Xiao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jia Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Nian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kaihua, 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Long Yang
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kaihua, 324302, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Choral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
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9
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Szczepańczyk M, Rzechonek DA, Neuvéglise C, Mirończuk AM. In-depth analysis of erythrose reductase homologs in Yarrowia lipolytica. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9129. [PMID: 37277427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica produces erythritol as an osmoprotectant to adapt to osmotic stress. In this study, the array of putative erythrose reductases, responsible for the conversion of d-erythrose to erythritol, was analyzed. Single knockout and multiple knockout strains were tested for their ability to produce polyols in osmotic stress conditions. Lack of six of the reductase genes does not affect erythritol significantly, as the production of this polyol is comparable to the control strain. Deletion of eight of the homologous erythrose reductase genes resulted in a 91% decrease in erythritol synthesis, a 53% increase in mannitol synthesis, and an almost 8-fold increase in arabitol synthesis as compared to the control strain. Additionally, the utilization of glycerol was impaired in the media with induced higher osmotic pressure. The results of this research may shed new light on the production of arabitol and mannitol from glycerol by Y. lipolytica and help to develop strategies for further modification in polyol pathways in these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Szczepańczyk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 5B Kozuchowska St., 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota A Rzechonek
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 5B Kozuchowska St., 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cécile Neuvéglise
- INRAE, Institut Agro, SPO, University Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 5B Kozuchowska St., 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland.
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10
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Liang P, Cao M, Li J, Wang Q, Dai Z. Expanding sugar alcohol industry: Microbial production of sugar alcohols and associated chemocatalytic derivatives. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108105. [PMID: 36736865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sugar alcohols are polyols that are widely employed in the production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food products. Chemical synthesis of polyols, however, is complex and necessitates the use of hazardous compounds. Therefore, the use of microbes to produce polyols has been proposed as an alternative to traditional synthesis strategies. Many biotechnological approaches have been described to enhancing sugar alcohols production and microbe-mediated sugar alcohol production has the potential to benefit from the availability of inexpensive substrate inputs. Among of them, microbe-mediated erythritol production has been implemented in an industrial scale, but microbial growth and substrate conversion rates are often limited by harsh environmental conditions. In this review, we focused on xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and erythritol, the four representative sugar alcohols. The main metabolic engineering strategies, such as regulation of key genes and cofactor balancing, for improving the production of these sugar alcohols were reviewed. The feasible strategies to enhance the stress tolerance of chassis cells, especially thermotolerance, were also summarized. Different low-cost substrates like glycerol, molasses, cellulose hydrolysate, and CO2 employed for producing these sugar alcohols were presented. Given the value of polyols as precursor platform chemicals that can be leveraged to produce a diverse array of chemical products, we not only discuss the challenges encountered in the above parts, but also envisioned the development of their derivatives for broadening the application of sugar alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Liang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Zongjie Dai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
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11
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Ziuzia P, Janiec Z, Wróbel-Kwiatkowska M, Lazar Z, Rakicka-Pustułka M. Honey's Yeast-New Source of Valuable Species for Industrial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097889. [PMID: 37175595 PMCID: PMC10178026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a rich source of compounds with biological activity; moreover, it is a valuable source of various microorganisms. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify yeast from a sample of lime honey from Poland as well as to assess its ability to biosynthesize value-added chemicals such as kynurenic acid, erythritol, mannitol, and citric acid on common carbon sources. Fifteen yeast strains belonging to the species Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida magnolia, and Starmerella magnoliae were isolated. In shake-flask screening, the best value-added compound producers were chosen. In the last step, scaling up of the culture in the bioreactor was performed. A newly isolated strain of Y. lipolytica No. 12 produced 3.9 mg/L of kynurenic acid growing on fructose. Strain Y. lipolytica No. 9 synthesized 32.6 g/L of erythritol on technical glycerol with a low concentration of byproducts. Strain Y. lipolytica No. 5 produced 15.1 g/L of mannitol on technical glycerol, and strain No. 3 produced a very high amount of citric acid (76.6 g/L) on technical glycerol. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge this is the first study to report the use of yeast isolates from honey to produce valuable chemicals. This study proves that natural products such as lime honey can be an excellent source of wild-type yeasts with valuable production properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Ziuzia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 31 Norwida St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Janiec
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wróbel-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Lazar
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rakicka-Pustułka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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Theodosiou E. Engineering Strategies for Efficient Bioconversion of Glycerol to Value-Added Products by Yarrowia lipolytica. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica has been a valuable biotechnological workhorse for the production of commercially important biochemicals for over 70 years. The knowledge gained so far on the native biosynthetic pathways, as well as the availability of numerous systems and synthetic biology tools, enabled not only the regulation and the redesign of the existing metabolic pathways, but also the introduction of novel synthetic ones; further consolidating the position of the yeast in industrial biotechnology. However, for the development of competitive and sustainable biotechnological production processes, bioengineering should be reinforced by bioprocess optimization strategies. Although there are many published reviews on the bioconversion of various carbon sources to value-added products by Yarrowia lipolytica, fewer works have focused on reviewing up-to-date strain, medium, and process engineering strategies with an aim to emphasize the significance of integrated engineering approaches. The ultimate goal of this work is to summarize the necessary knowledge and inspire novel routes to manipulate at a systems level the yeast biosynthetic machineries by combining strain and bioprocess engineering. Due to the increasing surplus of biodiesel-derived waste glycerol and the favored glycerol-utilization metabolic pathways of Y. lipolytica over other carbon sources, the present review focuses on pure and crude glycerol-based biomanufacturing.
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13
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Liang P, Li J, Wang Q, Dai Z. Enhancing the thermotolerance and erythritol production of Yarrowia lipolytica by introducing heat-resistant devices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1108653. [PMID: 36845173 PMCID: PMC9947466 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica has been widely used in the food biotech-related industry, where it plays the host's role in producing erythritol. Nevertheless, a temperature of about 28°C-30°C has been estimated as the yeast's optimal growth temperature, leading to the consumption of a considerable quantity of cooling water, especially in summer, which is obligatory for fermentation. Herein is described a method for improving the thermotolerance and erythritol production efficiency at high temperatures of Y. lipolytica. Through screening and testing different heat resistant devices, eight refactored engineered strains showed better growth at higher temperature and the antioxidant properties of the eight engineered strains were also improved. In addition, the erythritol titer, yield and productivity of the strain FOS11-Ctt1 represented the best among the eight strains, reaching at 39.25 g/L, 0.348 g/g glucose, and 0.55 g/L/h respectively, which were increased by 156%, 86% and 161% compared with the control strain, respectively. This study provides insight into an effective heat-resistant device that could enhance the thermotolerance and erythritol production of Y. lipolytica, which might be considered a valued scientific reference for other resistant strains' construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Liang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongjie Dai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Zongjie Dai,
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14
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Yang S, Pan X, Wang Q, Lv Q, Zhang X, Zhang R, Rao Z. Enhancing erythritol production from crude glycerol in a wild-type Yarrowia lipolytica by metabolic engineering. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1054243. [PMID: 36478868 PMCID: PMC9720325 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1054243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Erythritol is a zero-calorie sweetener that is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries. Crude glycerol is the main by-product of biodiesel, and the effective utilization of crude glycerol will help to improve biodiesel viability. Previous studies on the production of erythritol from Y. lipolytica using crude glycerol as a carbon source have focused on optimizing the fermentation process of the mutant Y. lipolytica Wratislavia K1, while metabolic engineering has not been successfully applied. Results: To this end, we engineered the yeast Y. lipolytica to increase the productivity of this strain. Wild strains tolerant to high concentrations of crude glycerol were screened and identified. A series of rational metabolic approaches were employed to improve erythritol production. Among them, the engineered strain Y-04, obtained by tandem overexpression of GUT1 and GUT2, significantly increased glycerol assimilation by 33.3%, which was consistent with the results of RT-qPCR analysis. The effects of tandem overexpression of GUT1, GUT2, TKL1, and TAL1 on erythritol synthesis were also evaluated. The best results were obtained using a mutant that overexpressed GUT1, GUT2, and TKL1 and knocked out EYD1. The final Y-11 strain produced 150 g/l erythritol in a 5-L bioreactor with a yield and productivity of 0.62 g/g and 1.25 g/l/h, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest erythritol yield and productivity from crude glycerol ever reported in Y. lipolytica. Conclusion: This work demonstrated that overexpression of GUT1, GUT2, and TKL1 and knockdown of EYD1 could be used to improve crude glycerol utilization and erythritol synthesis in Y. lipolytica. The process parameters such as erythritol yield and productivity were significantly elevated, which is valuable for industrial applications. Crude glycerol, as a carbon source, could efficiently restrict the synthesis of by-products while enhancing the generation of erythritol, compared to glucose. This indicates considerable potential for synthesizing value-added products from crude glycerol by Y. lipolytica.
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15
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Khatape AB, Dastager SG, Rangaswamy V. An overview of erythritol production by yeast strains. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6819949. [PMID: 36354105 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythritol is a 4-carbon polyol produced with the aid of microbes in presence of hyper-osmotic stress. It is the most effective sugar alcohol that is produced predominantly by fermentation. In comparison to various polyols, it has many precise functions and is used as a flavor enhancer, sequestrant, humectant, nutritive sweetener, stabilizer, formulation aid, thickener, and a texturizer. Erythritol production is a common trait in a number of the yeast genera viz., Trigonopsis, Candida, Pichia, Moniliella, Yarrowia, Pseudozyma, Trichosporonoides, Aureobasidium, and Trichoderma. Extensive work has been carried out on the biological production of erythritol through Yarrowia, Moniliella, Candida, and other yeast strains, and numerous strategies used to improve erythritol productivity through mutagenesis and genetic engineering are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil B Khatape
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.,NCIM-Resource Center, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India.,High Value Chemicals group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Syed G Dastager
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.,NCIM-Resource Center, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Vidhya Rangaswamy
- High Value Chemicals group, Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
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16
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Kosiorowska KE, Moreno AD, Iglesias R, Leluk K, Mirończuk AM. Production of PETase by engineered Yarrowia lipolytica for efficient poly(ethylene terephthalate) biodegradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157358. [PMID: 35850328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in poly(ethylene terephthalate) PET degradation studies in the last few years due to its widespread use and large-scale plastic waste accumulation in the environment. One of the most promising enzymatic methods in the context of PET degradation is the use of PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis, which has been reported to be an efficient enzyme for hydrolysing ester bonds in PET. In our study, we expressed a codon-optimized PETase gene in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The obtained strain was tested for its ability to degrade PET directly in culture, and a screening of different supplements that might raise the level of PET hydrolysis was performed. We also carried out long-term cultures with PET film, the surface of which was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The efficiency of PET degradation was tested based on the concentration of degradation products released, and the results showed that supplementation of the culture with olive oil resulted in 66 % higher release of terephthalic acid into the medium compared to the mutant culture without supplementation. The results indicate the possibility of ethylene glycol uptake by both strains, and, additionally, the PETase produced by the newly engineered strain hydrolyses MHET. The structure of the PET film after culture with the modified strain, meanwhile, had numerous surface defects, cracks, and deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna E Kosiorowska
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Antonio D Moreno
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Unit, Department of Energy, Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Iglesias
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Unit, Department of Energy, Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Karol Leluk
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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17
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Engineering thermotolerant Yarrowia lipolytica for sustainable biosynthesis of mannitol and fructooligosaccharides. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Drzymała-Kapinos K, Mirończuk AM, Dobrowolski A. Lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass using an engineered Yarrowia lipolytica strain. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:226. [PMID: 36307797 PMCID: PMC9617373 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of industrial wastes as feedstock in microbial-based processes is a one of the high-potential approach for the development of sustainable, environmentally beneficial and valuable bioproduction, inter alia, lipids. Rye straw hydrolysate, a possible renewable carbon source for bioconversion, contains a large amount of xylose, inaccessible to the wild-type Yarrowia lipolytica strains. Although these oleaginous yeasts possesses all crucial genes for xylose utilization, it is necessary to induce their metabolic pathway for efficient growth on xylose and mixed sugars from agricultural wastes. Either way, biotechnological production of single cell oils (SCO) from lignocellulosic hydrolysate requires yeast genome modification or adaptation to a suboptimal environment. RESULTS The presented Y. lipolytica strain was developed using minimal genome modification-overexpression of endogenous xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) and xylulose kinase (XK) genes was sufficient to allow yeast to grow on xylose as a sole carbon source. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGA1) expression remained stable and provided lipid overproduction. Obtained an engineered Y. lipolytica strain produced 5.51 g/L biomass and 2.19 g/L lipids from nitrogen-supplemented rye straw hydrolysate, which represents an increase of 64% and an almost 10 times higher level, respectively, compared to the wild type (WT) strain. Glucose and xylose were depleted after 120 h of fermentation. No increase in byproducts such as xylitol was observed. CONCLUSIONS Xylose-rich rye straw hydrolysate was exploited efficiently for the benefit of production of lipids. This study indicates that it is possible to fine-tune a newly strain with as minimally genetic changes as possible by adjusting to an unfavorable environment, thus limiting multi-level genome modification. It is documented here the use of Y. lipolytica as a microbial cell factory for lipid synthesis from rye straw hydrolysate as a low-cost feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Drzymała-Kapinos
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.,Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Dobrowolski
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland. .,Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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19
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Antoniêto ACC, Nogueira KMV, Mendes V, Maués DB, Oshiquiri LH, Zenaide-Neto H, de Paula RG, Gaffey J, Tabatabaei M, Gupta VK, Silva RN. Use of carbohydrate-directed enzymes for the potential exploitation of sugarcane bagasse to obtain value-added biotechnological products. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:456-471. [PMID: 36070819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, are crucial players in the production of enzymatic cocktails for biomass hydrolysis or the bioconversion of plant biomass into products with industrial relevance. The biotechnology industry can exploit lignocellulosic biomass for the production of high-value chemicals. The generation of biotechnological products from lignocellulosic feedstock presents several bottlenecks, including low efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis, high cost of enzymes, and limitations on microbe metabolic performance. Genetic engineering offers a route for developing improved microbial strains for biotechnological applications in high-value product biosynthesis. Sugarcane bagasse, for example, is an agro-industrial waste that is abundantly produced in sugar and first-generation processing plants. Here, we review the potential conversion of its feedstock into relevant industrial products via microbial production and discuss the advances that have been made in improving strains for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cristina Campos Antoniêto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Karoline Maria Vieira Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Mendes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - David Batista Maués
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Harumi Oshiquiri
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Hermano Zenaide-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Renato Graciano de Paula
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES 29047-105, Brazil
| | - James Gaffey
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University, Kerry, Ireland; BiOrbic, Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
| | - Roberto Nascimento Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
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20
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Dobrowolski A, Nawijn W, Mirończuk AM. Brown seaweed hydrolysate as a promising growth substrate for biomass and lipid synthesis of the yeast yarrowia lipolytica. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:944228. [PMID: 36061426 PMCID: PMC9428158 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.944228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass of the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus and Saccharina latissima is a promising, renewable feedstock because of the high growth rate, accessibility and content of glucose and mannitol. Saccharification of seaweeds is a simple process due to the lack of lignocellulose in the cell wall. The high content of glucose and mannitol makes these seaweeds an attractive feedstock for lipid production in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. This study demonstrated that hydrolysates of brown algae biomass can be applied as a substrate for synthesis of yeast biomass and lipids without any supplementation. To increase the lipid titer in yeast biomass, we employed an engineered strain of Y. lipolytica overexpressing DGA1/DGA2. In consequence, the C/N ratio has a lower impact on lipid synthesis. Moreover, the applied substrates allowed for high synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA); the level exceeded 90% in the fatty acid pool. Oleic (C18:1) and linoleic acids (C18:2) achieved the highest content. The study showed that Y. lipolytica is able to grow on the seaweed hydrolysate and produces a high content of UFA in the biomass.
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21
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Kosiorowska KE, Biniarz P, Dobrowolski A, Leluk K, Mirończuk AM. Metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for poly(ethylene terephthalate) degradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154841. [PMID: 35358523 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most widely used plastic, whose global production scale causes serious problems due to it being highly non-biodegradable. The present work provides a novel approach to plastic degradation studies, which involves direct degradation of PET in the culture of a modified Y. lipolytica yeast strain extracellularly producing cutinase from Fusarium solani. In this study, we successfully accomplished a scale-up of the degradation process in culture, which is promising from the perspective of wider application of the developed method in the future. Additionally, we tested the effect of various supplements, which may increase the PET degradation efficiency in the culture of the Y. lipolytica pAD CUT_FS strain. The ability of PET decomposition was verified by the amount of the released degradation products, such as terephthalic acid (TPA) and mono-(2-hydroxyethyl)-terephthalic acid (MHET), during cultivation. We observed that the quantities of TPA and MHET released during the PET degradation process were increasing daily, and were 1.51 gL-1 and 0.45 gL-1, respectively after 240 h of the bioreactor fermentation. Analysis of the PET film by electron microscopy indicated that there was abundant damage on the surface of the material. This study also demonstrated that the engineered Y. lipolytica strain is able to degrade PET at 28 °C during fermentation. The results obtained in this study using amorphous PET powder provide a wide range of possibilities for application of the cutinase-secreting strain of Y. lipolytica on the more difficult to degrade highly crystalline PET films, PET bottles and PET melts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna E Kosiorowska
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Biniarz
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Dobrowolski
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karol Leluk
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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22
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Erian AM, Sauer M. Utilizing yeasts for the conversion of renewable feedstocks to sugar alcohols - a review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126296. [PMID: 34798255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugar alcohols are widely marketed compounds. They are useful building block chemicals and of particular value as low- or non-calorigenic sweeteners, serving as sugar substitutes in the food industry. To date most sugar alcohols are produced by chemical routes using pure sugars, but a transition towards the use of renewable, non-edible feedstocks is anticipated. Several yeasts are naturally able to convert renewable feedstocks, such as lignocellulosic substrates, glycerol and molasses, into sugar alcohols. These bioconversions often face difficulties to obtain sufficiently high yields and productivities necessary for industrialization. This review provides insight into the most recent studies on utilizing yeasts for the conversion of renewable feedstocks to diverse sugar alcohols, including xylitol, erythritol, mannitol and arabitol. Moreover, metabolic approaches are highlighted that specifically target shortcomings of sugar alcohol production by yeasts from these renewable substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Erian
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sauer
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Szczepańczyk M, Rzechonek DA, Dobrowolski A, Mirończuk AM. The Overexpression of YALI0B07117g Results in Enhanced Erythritol Synthesis from Glycerol by the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247549. [PMID: 34946639 PMCID: PMC8705655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The unconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is used to produce erythritol from glycerol. In this study, the role of the erythrose reductase (ER) homolog YALI0B07117g in erythritol synthesis was analyzed. The deletion of the gene resulted in an increased production of mannitol (308%) and arabitol (204%) before the utilization of these polyols began. The strain overexpressing the YALI0B07117g gene was used to increase the erythritol yield from glycerol as a sole carbon source in batch cultures, resulting in a yield of 0.4 g/g. The specific consumption rate (qs) increased from 5.83 g/g/L for the WT strain to 8.49 g/g/L for the modified strain and the productivity of erythritol increased from 0.28 g/(L h) for the A101 strain to 0.41 g/(L h) for the modified strain. The application of the research may prove positive for shortening the cultivation time due to the increased rate of consumption of the substrate combined with the increased parameters of erythritol synthesis.
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24
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The Role of Hexokinase and Hexose Transporters in Preferential Use of Glucose over Fructose and Downstream Metabolic Pathways in the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179282. [PMID: 34502217 PMCID: PMC8431455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient bioprocesses requires inexpensive and renewable substrates. Molasses, a by-product of the sugar industry, contains mostly sucrose, a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, both easily absorbed by microorganisms. Yarrowia lipolytica, a platform for the production of various chemicals, can be engineered for sucrose utilization by heterologous invertase expression, yet the problem of preferential use of glucose over fructose remains, as fructose consumption begins only after glucose depletion what significantly extends the bioprocesses. We investigated the role of hexose transporters and hexokinase (native and fructophilic) in this preference. Analysis of growth profiles and kinetics of monosaccharide utilization has proven that the glucose preference in Y. lipolytica depends primarily on the affinity of native hexokinase for glucose. Interestingly, combined overexpression of either hexokinase with hexose transporters significantly accelerated citric acid biosynthesis and enhanced pentose phosphate pathway leading to secretion of polyols (31.5 g/L vs. no polyols in the control strain). So far, polyol biosynthesis was efficient in glycerol-containing media. Moreover, overexpression of fructophilic hexokinase in combination with hexose transporters not only shortened this process to 48 h (84 h for the medium with glycerol) but also allowed to obtain 23% more polyols (40 g/L) compared to the glycerol medium (32.5 g/L).
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25
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Zhang L, Nie MY, Liu F, Chen J, Wei LJ, Hua Q. Multiple gene integration to promote erythritol production on glycerol in Yarrowia lipolytica. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1277-1287. [PMID: 33797654 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Erythritol (1,2,3,4-butanetetrol) is a 4-carbon sugar alcohol that occurs in nature as a metabolite or storage compound. In this study, a multiple gene integration strategy was employed to enhance erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. RESULTS The effects on the production of erythritol in Y. lipolytica of seven key genes involved in the erythritol synthesis pathway were evaluated individually, among which transketolase (TKL1) and transaldolase (TAL1) showed important roles in enhancing erythritol production. The combined overexpression of four genes (GUT1, TPI1, TKL1, TAL1) and disruption of the EYD1 gene (encoding erythritol dehydrogenase), resulted in produce approximately 40 g/L erythritol production from glycerol. Further enhanced erythritol synthesis was obtained by overexpressing the RKI1 gene (encoding ribose 5-phosphate isomerase) and the AMPD gene (encoding AMP deaminase), indicating for the first time that these two genes are also related to the enhancement of erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. CONCLUSIONS A combined gene overexpression strategy was developed to efficiently improve the production of erythritol in Y. lipolytica, suggesting a great capacity and promising potential of this non-conventional yeast in converting glycerol into erythritol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yue Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Abbasi AR, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhao A, Ying H, Qu L, Alam MA, Xiong W, Xu J, Lv Y. Recent Advances in Producing Sugar Alcohols and Functional Sugars by Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:648382. [PMID: 33777917 PMCID: PMC7992007 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.648382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugar alcohols and functional sugars have wide applications in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. However, the smaller quantities of natural occurring sugar alcohols and functional sugars restricted their applications. The enzymatic and whole-cell catalyst production is emerging as the predominant alternatives. The properties of Yarrowia lipolytica make it a promising sugar alcohol and functional sugar producer. However, there are still some issues to be resolved. As there exist reviews about the chemical structures, physicochemical properties, biological functions, applications, and biosynthesis of sugar alcohols and/or functional sugars in Y. lipolytica, this mini review will not only update the recent advances in enzymatic and microbial production of sugar alcohols (erythritol, D-threitol, and xylitol) and functional sugars (isomaltulose, trehalose, fructo-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides) by using recombinant Y. lipolytica but also focus on the studies of gene discovery, pathway engineering, expanding substrate scope, bioprocess engineering, and novel breeding methods to resolve the aforementioned issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinle Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Tuoyang Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou University Industrial Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongkun Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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27
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Bilal M, Xu S, Iqbal HMN, Cheng H. Yarrowia lipolytica as an emerging biotechnological chassis for functional sugars biosynthesis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 61:535-552. [PMID: 32180435 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1739000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional sugars have unique structural and physiological characteristics with applied perspectives for modern biomedical and biotechnological sectors, such as biomedicine, pharmaceutical, cosmeceuticals, green chemistry, and agro-food. They can also be used as starting matrices to produce biologically active metabolites of interests. Though numerous chemical synthesis routes have been proposed and deployed for the synthesis of rare sugars, however, many of them are limited and economically incompetent because of expensive raw starting feedstocks. Whereas, the biosynthesis by enzymatic means are often associated with high catalyst costs and low space-time yields. Microbial production of rare sugars via green routes using bio-renewable resources offers noteworthy solutions to overcome the aforementioned limitations of synthetic and enzymatic synthesis routes. From the microbial-based synthesis perspective, the lipogenic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is rapidly evolving as the most prevalent and unique "non-model organism" in the bio-production arena. Due to high flux tendency through the tri-carboxylic acid cycle intermediates and precursors such as acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, this yeast has been widely investigated to meet the increasing demand of industrially relevant fine chemicals, including functional sugars. Incredible interest in Y. lipolytica originates from its robust tolerance to unstable pH, salt levels, and organic compounds, which subsequently enable easy bioprocess optimization. Meaningfully, GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status creates Y. lipolytica as an attractive and environmentally friendly microbial host for the manufacturing of nutraceuticals, fermented food, and dietary supplements. In this review, we highlight the recent and state-of-the-art research progress on Y. lipolytica as a host to synthesize bio-based compounds of interest beyond the realm of well-known fatty acid production. The unique physicochemical properties, biotechnological applications, and biosynthesis of an array of value-added functional sugars including erythritol, threitol, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, isomaltulose, trehalose, erythrulose, xylitol, and mannitol using sustainable carbon sources are thoroughly vetted. Finally, we conclude with perspectives that would be helpful to engineer Y. lipolytica in greening the twenty-first century biomedical and biotechnological sectors of the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Hairong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Nawaz MZ, Bilal M, Tariq A, Iqbal HMN, Alghamdi HA, Cheng H. Bio-purification of sugar industry wastewater and production of high-value industrial products with a zero-waste concept. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 61:3537-3554. [PMID: 32820646 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1802696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, biorefinery approach with a zero-waste concept has gained a lot research impetus to boost the environment and bioeconomy in a sustainable manner. The wastewater from sugar industries contains miscellaneous compounds and need to be treated chemically or biologically before being discharged into water bodies. Efficient utilization of wastewater produced by sugar industries is a key point to improve its economy. Thus, interest in the sugar industry wastes has grown in both fundamental and applied research fields, over the years. Although, traditional methods being used to process such wastewaters are effective yet are tedious, laborious and time intensive. Considering the diverse nature of wastewaters from various sugar-manufacturing processes, the development of robust, cost-competitive, sustainable and clean technologies has become a challenging task. Under the recent scenario of cleaner production and consumption, the biorefinery and/or close-loop concept, though using different technologies and multi-step processes, namely, bio-reduction, bio-accumulation or biosorption using a variety of microbial strains, has stepped-up as the method of choice for a sustainable exploitation of a wide range of organic waste matter along with the production of high-value products of industrial interests. This review comprehensively describes the use of various microbial strains employed for eliminating the environmental pollutants from sugar industry wastewater. Moreover, the main research gaps are also critically discussed along with the prospects for the efficient purification of sugar industry wastewaters with the concomitant production of high-value products using a biorefinery approach. In this review, we emphasized that the biotransformation/biopurification of sugar industry waste into an array of value-added compounds such as succinic acid, L-arabinose, solvents, and xylitol is a need of hour and is futuristic approach toward achieving cleaner production and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Arslan Tariq
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Huda Ahmed Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hairong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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29
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HOG-Independent Osmoprotection by Erythritol in Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121424. [PMID: 33261148 PMCID: PMC7761004 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythritol is a polyol produced by Yarrowia lipolytica under hyperosmotic stress. In this study, the osmo-sensitive strain Y. lipolytica yl-hog1Δ was subjected to stress, triggered by a high concentration of carbon sources. The strain thrived on 0.75 M erythritol medium, while the same concentrations of glucose and glycerol proved to be lethal. The addition of 0.1 M erythritol to the medium containing 0.75 M glucose or glycerol allowed the growth of yl-hog1Δ. Supplementation with other potential osmolytes such as mannitol or L-proline did not have a similar effect. To examine whether the osmoprotective effect might be related to erythritol accumulation, we deleted two genes involved in erythritol utilization, the transcription factor Euf1 and the enzyme erythritol dehydrogenase Eyd1. The strain eyd1Δ yl hog1Δ, which lacked the erythritol utilization enzyme, reacted to the erythritol supplementation significantly better than yl-hog1Δ. On the other hand, the strain euf1Δ yl-hog1Δ became insensitive to supplementation, and the addition of erythritol could no longer improve the growth of this strain in hyperosmotic conditions. This indicates that Euf1 regulates additional, still unknown genes involved in erythritol metabolism.
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30
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Improved Production of Kynurenic Acid by Yarrowia lipolytica in Media Containing Different Honeys. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12229424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Y. lipolytica remains a nonpathogenic, unconventional yeast, which can be applied for the production of bioactive compounds. Our previous study confirmed the ability of yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce kynurenic acid (KYNA). Here, we investigated the effectiveness of KYNA production in cultures cultivated in medium containing honey of various origin, used as a source of carbon and energy. It was evidenced that the highest content of KYNA in culture broth (68 mg/L) and yeast biomass (542 mg/kg) was obtained when chestnut honey was used. The content of lipids and amino acids composition in yeast biomass producing KYNA was also determined. It was found that the composition of both amino acids and lipids in yeast biomass depended on the honey type used as a component of the medium. This finding revealed that supplementation of medium broth with honey may significantly affect the nutritional value of yeast biomass. The practical applicability of this finding requires further study.
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31
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Dobrowolski A, Drzymała K, Mituła P, Mirończuk AM. Production of tailor-made fatty acids from crude glycerol at low pH by Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123746. [PMID: 32622282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, single cell oil (SCO) can play two distinct roles, first as a supplier of functional oils, and second as a feedstock for the biodiesel industry. These two distinct functions require a different fatty acids (FA) profile in the lipid pool. Moreover, to exploit their potential for industrialization, it is necessary to employ a low-cost substrate. Crude glycerol is the main side-product of biodiesel production. This renewable feedstock is one of Yarrowia lipolytica favorable substrates. In this study we improved polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) synthesis by overexpression of the glycerol phosphate acyltransferase gene (SCT1). Here, we established a method to alter the quantity and FA composition of SCO. The engineered strain showed a 10-fold improvement (>20%) in linoleic acid synthesis (C18:2) in a shake-flask experiment. In a fermenter study co-overexpression of glycerol kinase (GUT1) and SCT1 allowed for 3-fold improvement in C18:2 synthesis from crude glycerol and at low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dobrowolski
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, Wrocław 51-630, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Drzymała
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, Wrocław 51-630, Poland
| | - Paweł Mituła
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq 24, Wrocław 50-363, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, Wrocław 51-630, Poland
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32
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Hapeta P, Kerkhoven EJ, Lazar Z. Nitrogen as the major factor influencing gene expression in Yarrowia lipolytica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00521. [PMID: 32923379 PMCID: PMC7476234 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is an important industrial microorganism used for the production of oleochemicals. The design of effective biotechnological processes with this cell factory requires an in-depth knowledge of its metabolism. Here we present a transcriptomic study of Y. lipolytica grown in the presence of glycerol and glucose, and mixture of both at different carbon to nitrogen ratios. It emerged that the transcriptomic landscape of Y. lipolytica is more sensitive to the nitrogen availability than to the utilized carbon source, as evidenced by more genes being differentially expressed in lower carbon to nitrogen ratio. Specifically, expression of hexokinase (HXK1) is significantly susceptible to changes in nitrogen concentrations. High HXK1 expression in low nitrogen seems to impact other genes which are implicated in tricarboxylic acid cycle and erythritol biosynthesis. We further show that expression of HXK1 and two genes belonging to the sugar porter family might be controlled by GATA-like zinc-finger proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Hapeta
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eduard J Kerkhoven
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zbigniew Lazar
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
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33
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Dobrowolski A, Mirończuk AM. The influence of transketolase on lipid biosynthesis in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:138. [PMID: 32653007 PMCID: PMC7353674 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), two important components, NADPH and pentoses, are provided to the cell. Previously it was shown that this metabolic pathway is a source of reducing agent for lipid synthesis from glucose in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Y. lipolytica is an attractive microbial host since it is able to convert untypical feedstocks, such as glycerol, into oils, which subsequently can be transesterified to biodiesel. However, the lipogenesis process is a complex phenomenon, and it still remains unknown which genes from the PPP are involved in lipid synthesis. Results To address this problem we overexpressed five genes from this metabolic pathway: transaldolase (TAL1, YALI0F15587g), transketolase (TKL1, YALI0E06479g), ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase (RPE1, YALI0C11880g) and two dehydrogenases, NADP+-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ZWF1, YALI0E22649g) and NADP+-dependent 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (GND1, YALI0B15598g), simultaneously with diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGA1, YALI0E32769g) and verified each resulting strain’s ability to synthesize fatty acid growing on both glycerol and glucose as a carbon source. Our results showed that co-expression of DGA1 and TKL1 results in higher SCO synthesis, increasing lipid content by 40% over the control strain (DGA1 overexpression). Conclusions Simultaneous overexpression of DGA1 and TKL1 genes results in a higher lipid titer independently from the fermentation conditions, such as carbon source, pH and YE supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dobrowolski
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
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34
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Wróbel‐Kwiatkowska M, Turski W, Kocki T, Rakicka‐Pustułka M, Rymowicz W. An efficient method for production of kynurenic acid by
Yarrowia lipolytica. Yeast 2020; 37:541-547. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wróbel‐Kwiatkowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrocław Poland
| | - Waldemar Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - Tomasz Kocki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - Magdalena Rakicka‐Pustułka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrocław Poland
| | - Waldemar Rymowicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrocław Poland
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35
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Martău GA, Coman V, Vodnar DC. Recent advances in the biotechnological production of erythritol and mannitol. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:608-622. [PMID: 32299245 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1751057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary habits that include an excess of added sugars have been strongly associated with an increased risk of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and tooth decay. With this association in view, modern food systems aim to replace added sugars with low calorie sweeteners, such as polyols. Polyols are generally not carcinogenic and do not trigger a glycemic response. Furthermore, owing to the absence of the carbonyl group, they are more stable compared to monosaccharides and do not participate in Maillard reactions. As such, since polyols are stable at high temperatures, and they do not brown or caramelize when heated. Therefore, polyols are widely used in the diets of hypocaloric and diabetic patients, as well as other specific cases where controlled caloric intake is required. In recent years, erythritol and mannitol have gained increased importance, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In these areas, research efforts have been made to improve the productivity and yield of the two polyols, relying on biotechnological manufacturing methods. The present review highlights the recent advances in the biotechnological production of erythritol and mannitol and summarizes the benefits of using the two polyols in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Adrian Martău
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vasile Coman
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Fickers P, Cheng H, Sze Ki Lin C. Sugar Alcohols and Organic Acids Synthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica: Where Are We? Microorganisms 2020; 8:E574. [PMID: 32326622 PMCID: PMC7232202 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar alcohols and organic acids that derive from the metabolism of certain microorganisms have a panoply of applications in agro-food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The main challenge in their production is to reach a productivity threshold that allow the process to be profitable. This relies on the construction of efficient cell factories by metabolic engineering and on the development of low-cost production processes by using industrial wastes or cheap and widely available raw materials as feedstock. The non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has emerged recently as a potential producer of such metabolites owing its low nutritive requirements, its ability to grow at high cell densities in a bioreactor and ease of genome edition. This review will focus on current knowledge on the synthesis of the most important sugar alcohols and organic acids in Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Process and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liege—Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hairong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
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Wang N, Chi P, Zou Y, Xu Y, Xu S, Bilal M, Fickers P, Cheng H. Metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for thermoresistance and enhanced erythritol productivity. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:176. [PMID: 33093870 PMCID: PMC7576711 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional sugar alcohols have been widely used in the food, medicine, and pharmaceutical industries for their unique properties. Among these, erythritol is a zero calories sweetener produced by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. However, in wild-type strains, erythritol is produced with low productivity and yield and only under high osmotic pressure together with other undesired polyols, such as mannitol or d-arabitol. The yeast is also able to catabolize erythritol in non-stressing conditions. RESULTS Herein, Y. lipolytica has been metabolically engineered to increase erythritol production titer, yield, and productivity from glucose. This consisted of the disruption of anabolic pathways for mannitol and d-arabitol together with the erythritol catabolic pathway. Genes ZWF1 and GND encoding, respectively, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were also constitutively expressed in regenerating the NADPH2 consumed during erythritol synthesis. Finally, the gene RSP5 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding ubiquitin ligase was overexpressed to improve cell thermoresistance. The resulting strain HCY118 is impaired in mannitol or d-arabitol production and erythritol consumption. It can grow well up to 35 °C and retain an efficient erythritol production capacity at 33 °C. The yield, production, and productivity reached 0.63 g/g, 190 g/L, and 1.97 g/L·h in 2-L flasks, and increased to 0.65 g/g, 196 g/L, and 2.51 g/L·h in 30-m3 fermentor, respectively, which has economical practical importance. CONCLUSION The strategy developed herein yielded an engineered Y. lipolytica strain with enhanced thermoresistance and NADPH supply, resulting in a higher ability to produce erythritol, but not mannitol or d-arabitol from glucose. This is of interest for process development since it will reduce the cost of bioreactor cooling and erythritol purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yirong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - M. Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Process and Interaction, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liege – Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hairong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yarrowia lipolytica: more than an oleaginous workhorse. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9251-9262. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Russmayer H, Egermeier M, Kalemasi D, Sauer M. Spotlight on biodiversity of microbial cell factories for glycerol conversion. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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40
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Mirończuk AM, Kosiorowska KE, Biegalska A, Rakicka-Pustułka M, Szczepańczyk M, Dobrowolski A. Heterologous overexpression of bacterial hemoglobin VHb improves erythritol biosynthesis by yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:176. [PMID: 31615519 PMCID: PMC6794898 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Yarrowia lipolytica is an unconventional yeast with a huge industrial potential. Despite many advantages for biotechnological applications, it possesses enormous demand for oxygen, which is a bottleneck in large scale production. In this study a codon optimized bacterial hemoglobin from Vitreoscilla stercoraria (VHb) was overexpressed in Y. lipolytica for efficient growth and erythritol synthesis from glycerol in low-oxygen conditions. Erythritol is a natural sweetener produced by Y. lipolytica under high osmotic pressure and at low pH, and this process requires high oxygen demand. Results Under these conditions the VHb overexpressing strain showed mostly yeast-type cells resulting in 83% higher erythritol titer in shake-flask experiments. During a bioreactor study the engineered strain showed higher erythritol productivity (QERY = 0.38 g/l h) and yield (YERY = 0.37 g/g) in comparison to the control strain (QERY = 0.30 g/l h, YERY = 0.29 g/g). Moreover, low stirring during the fermentation process resulted in modest foam formation. Conclusions This study showed that overexpression of VHb in Y. lipolytica allows for dynamic growth and efficient production of a value-added product from a low-value substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna E Kosiorowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Biegalska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rakicka-Pustułka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szczepańczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Dobrowolski
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
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Kang P, Li L, Yan L, Ju X, Hu C, Yao X. Enhancement of erythritol production in Trichosporonoides oedocephalis by regulating cellular morphology with betaine. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rice T, Zannini E, K Arendt E, Coffey A. A review of polyols - biotechnological production, food applications, regulation, labeling and health effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2034-2051. [PMID: 31210053 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1625859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Food research is constantly searching for new ways to replace sugar. This is due to the negative connotations of sugar consumption on health which has driven consumer demand for healthier products and is reflected on a national level by the taxation of sugary beverages. Sugar alcohols, a class of polyols, are present in varying levels in many fruits and vegetables and are also added to foods as low calorific sweeteners. The most commonly used polyols in food include sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, lactitol and isomalt. Of these, microorganisms can produce sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol and erythritol either naturally or through genetic engineering. Production of polyols by microbes has been the focus of a lot of research for its potential as an alternative to current industrial scale production by chemical synthesis but can also be used for in situ production of natural sweeteners in fermented products using microbes approved for use in foods. This review on the generation of these natural sweetening compounds by microorganisms examines the current understanding and methods of microbial production of polyols that are applicable in the food industry. The review also considers the health benefits and effects of polyol usage and discusses regulations which are applicable to polyol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emanuele Zannini
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elke K Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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Xu Y, Chi P, Bilal M, Cheng H. Biosynthetic strategies to produce xylitol: an economical venture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5143-5160. [PMID: 31101942 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Xylitol is a natural five-carbon sugar alcohol with potential for use in food and pharmaceutical industries owing to its insulin-independent metabolic regulation, tooth rehardening, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory, as well as osteoporosis and ear infections preventing activities. Chemical and biosynthetic routes using D-xylose, glucose, or biomass hydrolysate as raw materials can produce xylitol. Among these methods, microbial production of xylitol has received significant attention due to its wide substrate availability, easy to operate, and eco-friendly nature, in contrast with high-energy consuming and environmental-polluting chemical method. Though great advances have been made in recent years for the biosynthesis of xylitol from xylose, glucose, and biomass hydrolysate, and the yield and productivity of xylitol are substantially improved by metabolic engineering and optimizing key metabolic pathway parameters, it is still far away from industrial-scale biosynthesis of xylitol. In contrary, the chemical synthesis of xylitol from xylose remains the dominant route. Economic and highly efficient xylitol biosynthetic strategies from an abundantly available raw material (i.e., glucose) by engineered microorganisms are on the hard way to forwarding. However, synthetic biology appears as a novel and promising approach to develop a super yeast strain for industrial production of xylitol from glucose. After a brief overview of chemical-based xylitol production, we critically analyzed and comprehensively summarized the major metabolic strategies used for the enhanced biosynthesis of xylitol in this review. Towards the end, the study is wrapped up with current challenges, concluding remarks, and future prospects for designing an industrial yeast strain for xylitol biosynthesis from glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ping Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Hairong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Dobrowolski A, Drzymała K, Rzechonek DA, Mituła P, Mirończuk AM. Lipid Production From Waste Materials in Seawater-Based Medium by the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:547. [PMID: 30936863 PMCID: PMC6431633 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The global limitation of fossil fuels impels scientists to search for new energy sources. A good alternative is biodiesel produced from crop plants. However, its production requires huge quantities of farmland, fertilizers and fresh water, which is in conflict with the human demand for water for consumption and land for food production. Thus, production of single cell oil (SCO) by oleaginous microorganisms remains the best solution for the coming years. Whereas most microorganisms require fresh water for proper cell metabolism, in this study we demonstrate that the unconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is able to produce huge quantities of fatty acid in seawater-based medium. Here we shown that Y. lipolytica is able to produce fatty acids in medium based on seawater and crude glycerol as the main carbon source, which allows for low-cost production of SCO, is beneficial for industrial application and is ecologically friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dobrowolski
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Drzymała
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota A Rzechonek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mituła
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Rakicka M, Wolniak J, Lazar Z, Rymowicz W. Production of high titer of citric acid from inulin. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:11. [PMID: 30744615 PMCID: PMC6371587 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citric acid is considered as the most economically feasible product of microbiological production, therefore studies on cheap and renewable raw materials for its production are highly desirable. In this study citric acid was synthesized by genetically engineered strains of Yarrowia lipolytica from widely available, renewable polysaccharide - inulin. Hydrolysis of inulin by the Y. lipolytica strains was established by expressing the inulinase gene (INU1 gene; GenBank: X57202.1) with its native secretion signal sequence was amplified from genomic DNA from Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS6432. To ensure the maximum citric acid titer, the optimal cultivation strategy-repeated-batch culture was applied. RESULTS The strain Y. lipolytica AWG7 INU 8 secreted more than 200 g dm- 3 of citric acid during repeated-batch culture on inulin, with a productivity of 0.51 g dm- 3 h- 1 and a yield of 0.85 g g- 1. CONCLUSIONS The citric acid titer obtained in the proposed process is the highest value reported in the literature for Yarrowia yeast. The obtained results suggest that citric acid production from inulin by engineered Y. lipolytica may be a very promising technology for industrial citric acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rakicka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego St, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Wolniak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego St, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Lazar
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego St, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Rymowicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego St, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
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Wei H, Wang W, Alper HS, Xu Q, Knoshaug EP, Van Wychen S, Lin CY, Luo Y, Decker SR, Himmel ME, Zhang M. Ameliorating the Metabolic Burden of the Co-expression of Secreted Fungal Cellulases in a High Lipid-Accumulating Yarrowia lipolytica Strain by Medium C/N Ratio and a Chemical Chaperone. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3276. [PMID: 30687267 PMCID: PMC6333634 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica, known to accumulate lipids intracellularly, lacks the cellulolytic enzymes needed to break down solid biomass directly. This study aimed to evaluate the potential metabolic burden of expressing core cellulolytic enzymes in an engineered high lipid-accumulating strain of Y. lipolytica. Three fungal cellulases, Talaromyces emersonii-Trichoderma reesei chimeric cellobiohydrolase I (chimeric-CBH I), T. reesei cellobiohydrolase II (CBH II), and T. reesei endoglucanase II (EG II) were expressed using three constitutive strong promoters as a single integrative expression block in a recently engineered lipid hyper-accumulating strain of Y. lipolytica (HA1). In yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) medium, the resulting cellulase co-expressing transformant YL165-1 had the chimeric-CBH I, CBH II, and EG II secretion titers being 26, 17, and 132 mg L-1, respectively. Cellulase co-expression in YL165-1 in culture media with a moderate C/N ratio of ∼4.5 unexpectedly resulted in a nearly two-fold reduction in cellular lipid accumulation compared to the parental control strain, a sign of cellular metabolic drain. Such metabolic drain was ameliorated when grown in media with a high C/N ratio of 59 having a higher glucose utilization rate that led to approximately twofold more cell mass and threefold more lipid production per liter culture compared to parental control strain, suggesting cross-talk between cellulase and lipid production, both of which involve the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Most importantly, we found that the chemical chaperone, trimethylamine N-oxide dihydride increased glucose utilization, cell mass and total lipid titer in the transformants, suggesting further amelioration of the metabolic drain. This is the first study examining lipid production in cellulase-expressing Y. lipolytica strains under various C/N ratio media and with a chemical chaperone highlighting the metabolic complexity for developing robust, cellulolytic and lipogenic yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Hal S Alper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Qi Xu
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Eric P Knoshaug
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Stefanie Van Wychen
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States.,National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Chien-Yuan Lin
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Yonghua Luo
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Stephen R Decker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Michael E Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States.,National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
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Jagtap SS, Bedekar AA, Liu JJ, Jin YS, Rao CV. Production of galactitol from galactose by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:250. [PMID: 31636709 PMCID: PMC6798376 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar alcohols are commonly used as low-calorie sweeteners and can serve as potential building blocks for bio-based chemicals. Previous work has shown that the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880 can natively produce arabitol from xylose at relatively high titers, suggesting that it may be a useful host for sugar alcohol production. In this work, we explored whether R. toruloides can produce additional sugar alcohols. RESULTS Rhodosporidium toruloides is able to produce galactitol from galactose. During growth in nitrogen-rich medium, R. toruloides produced 3.2 ± 0.6 g/L, and 8.4 ± 0.8 g/L galactitol from 20 to 40 g/L galactose, respectively. In addition, R. toruloides was able to produce galactitol from galactose at reduced titers during growth in nitrogen-poor medium, which also induces lipid production. These results suggest that R. toruloides can potentially be used for the co-production of lipids and galactitol from galactose. We further characterized the mechanism for galactitol production, including identifying and biochemically characterizing the critical aldose reductase. Intracellular metabolite analysis was also performed to further understand galactose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Rhodosporidium toruloides has traditionally been used for the production of lipids and lipid-based chemicals. Our work demonstrates that R. toruloides can also produce galactitol, which can be used to produce polymers with applications in medicine and as a precursor for anti-cancer drugs. Collectively, our results further establish that R. toruloides can produce multiple value-added chemicals from a wide range of sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Sadashiv Jagtap
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Ashwini Ashok Bedekar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Christopher V. Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Cui Z, Jiang X, Zheng H, Qi Q, Hou J. Homology‐independent genome integration enables rapid library construction for enzyme expression and pathway optimization inYarrowia lipolytica. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:354-363. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityQingdao China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityQingdao China
| | - Huihui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityQingdao China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityQingdao China
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityQingdao China
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Influence of ylHog1 MAPK kinase on Yarrowia lipolytica stress response and erythritol production. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14735. [PMID: 30283045 PMCID: PMC6170386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythritol production is a unique response to hyperosmotic stress that is observed in a small group of yeasts, including Yarrowia lipolytica. This study investigated whether this unusual mechanism is regulated by the HOG pathway, well described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene YALI0E25135g was identified as the Y. lipolytica homologue of HOG1 and was found to be phosphorylated in response to hyperosmotic shock. Deletion of the gene caused a significant decrease in resistance to hyperosmotic stress and negatively affected erythritol production. Interestingly, the deletion strain yl-hog1Δ displayed significant morphological defects, with the cells growing in a filamentous form. Moreover, yl-hog1Δ cells were also resistant to the cell wall damaging agents Congo red and calcofluor white. Collectively, these results indicate that yl-Hog1 is crucial for the cellular response to hyperosmotic stress, plays a role in the induction of erythritol production, and potentially prevents cross-talk with different MAPK signalling pathways in the cell.
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Cheng H, Wang S, Bilal M, Ge X, Zhang C, Fickers P, Cheng H. Identification, characterization of two NADPH-dependent erythrose reductases in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and improvement of erythritol productivity using metabolic engineering. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:133. [PMID: 30157840 PMCID: PMC6114734 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar alcohol with sweetening properties that is used by the agro-food industry as a food additive. In the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, the last step of erythritol synthesis involves the reduction of erythrose by specific erythrose reductase(s). In the earlier report, an erythrose reductase gene (YALI0F18590g) from erythritol-producing yeast Y. lipolytica MK1 was identified (Janek et al. in Microb Cell Fact 16:118, 2017). However, deletion of the gene in Y. lipolytica MK1 only resulted in some lower erythritol production but the erythritol synthesis process was still maintained, indicating that other erythrose reductase gene(s) might exist in the genome of Y. lipolytica. RESULTS In this study, we have isolated genes g141.t1 (YALI0D07634g) and g3023.t1 (YALI0C13508g) encoding two novel erythrose reductases (ER). The biochemical characterization of the purified enzymes showed that they have a strong affinity for erythrose. Deletion of the two ER genes plus g801.t1 (YALI0F18590g) did not prevent erythritol synthesis, suggesting that other ER or ER-like enzymes remain to be discovered in this yeast. Overexpression of the newly isolated two genes (ER10 or ER25) led to an average 14.7% higher erythritol yield and 31.2% higher productivity compared to the wild-type strain. Finally, engineering NADPH cofactor metabolism by overexpression of genes ZWF1 and GND1 encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, respectively, allowed a 23.5% higher erythritol yield and 50% higher productivity compared to the wild-type strain. The best of our constructed strains produced an erythritol titer of 190 g/L in baffled flasks using glucose as main carbon source. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that in the Y. lipolytica genome several genes encode enzymes able to reduce erythrose into erythritol. The catalytic properties of these enzymes and their cofactor dependency are different from that of already known erythrose reductase of Y. lipolytica. Constitutive expression of the newly isolated genes and engineering of NADPH cofactor metabolism led to an increase in erythritol titer. Development of fermentation strategies will allow further improvement of this productivity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Ge
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Can Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hairong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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