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González‐Valdez A, Escalante A, Soberón‐Chávez G. Heterologous production of rhamnolipids in Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp chlororaphis ATCC 9446 based on the endogenous production of N-acyl-homoserine lactones. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14377. [PMID: 38041625 PMCID: PMC10832566 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids (RL) are biosurfactants naturally produced by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Currently, RL are commercialized for various applications and produced by Pseudomonas putida due to the health risks associated with their large-scale production by P. aeruginosa. In this work, we show that RL containing one or two rhamnose moieties (mono-RL or di-RL, respectively) can be produced by the innocuous soil-bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp chlororaphis ATCC 9446 at titres up to 66 mg/L (about 86% of the production of P. aeruginosa PAO1 in the same culture conditions). The production of RL depends on the expression of P. aeruginosa PAO1 genes encoding the enzymes RhlA, RhlB and RhlC. These genes were introduced in a plasmid, together with a transcriptional regulator (rhlR) forming part of the same operon, with and without RhlC. We show that the activation of rhlAB by RhlR depends on its interaction with P. chlororaphis endogenous acyl-homoserine lactones, which are synthetized by either PhzI or CsaI autoinducer synthases (producing 3-hydroxy-hexanoyl homoserine lactone, 3OH-C6-HSL, or 3-oxo-hexanoyl homoserine lactone, 3O-C6-HSL, respectively). P. chlororaphis transcriptional regulator couple with 3OH-C6-HSL is the primary activator of gene expression for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) production in this soil bacterium. We show that RhlR coupled with 3OH-C6-HSL or 3O-C6-HSL promotes RL production and increases the production of PCA in P. chlororaphis. However, PhzR/3OH-C6-HSL or CsaR/3O-C6-HSL cannot activate the expression of the rhlAB operon to produce mono-RL. These results reveal a complex regulatory interaction between RhlR and P. chlororaphis quorum-sensing signals and highlight the biotechnology potential of P. chlororaphis ATCC 9446 expressing P. aeruginosa rhlAB-R or rhlAB-R-C for the industrial production of RL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail González‐Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacanMexico
| | - Adelfo Escalante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de BiotecnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavacaMexico
| | - Gloria Soberón‐Chávez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacanMexico
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Jin Z, Song D, Wang W, Feng L, Li Z, Chen H, Xiao X, Liu X. Synthesis and degradation of the cyclic dinucleotide messenger c-di-AMP in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus yayanosii. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4829. [PMID: 37921047 PMCID: PMC10680344 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a newly identified prokaryotic cyclic dinucleotide second messenger well elucidated in bacteria, while less studied in archaea. Here, we describe the enzymes involved in c-di-AMP metabolism in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus yayanosii. Our results demonstrate that c-di-AMP is synthesized from two molecules of ATP by diadenylate cyclase (DAC) and degraded into pApA and then to AMP by a DHH family phosphodiesterase (PDE). DAC can be activated by a wider variety of ions, using two conserved residues, D188 and E244, to coordinate divalent metal ions, which is different from bacterial CdaA and DisA. PDE possesses a broad substrate spectrum like bacterial DHH family PDEs but shows a stricter base selection between A and G in cyclic dinucleotides hydrolysis. PDE shows differences in substrate binding patches from bacterial counterparts. C-di-AMP was confirmed to exist in Thermococcus kodakarensis cells, and the deletion of the dac or pde gene supports that the synthesis and degradation of c-di-AMP are catalyzed by DAC and PDE, respectively. Our results provide a further understanding of the metabolism of c-di-AMP in archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Instrumental analysis centerShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei‐Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zheng‐Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hai‐Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)ZhuhaiGuangdongChina
| | - Xi‐Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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3
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Zhu Q, Pan K, Liu H, Hu J, Li Q, Bai X, Zhang M, Qiu J, Hong Q. Cloning and expression of the phenazine-1-carboxamide hydrolysis gene pzcH and the identification of the key amino acids necessary for its activity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131924. [PMID: 37379601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), a phenazine derivative, can cause toxicity risks to non target organisms. In this study, the Gram-positive bacteria Rhodococcus equi WH99 was found to have the ability to degrade PCN. PzcH, a novel amidase belonging to amidase signature (AS) family, responsible for hydrolyzing PCN to PCA was identified from strain WH99. PzcH shared no similarity with amidase PcnH which can also hydrolyze PCN and belong to the isochorismatase superfamily from Gram-negative bacteria Sphingomonas histidinilytica DS-9. PzcH also showed low similarity (˂ 39%) with other reported amidases. The optimal catalysis temperature and pH of PzcH was 30 °C and 9.0, respectively. The Km and kcat values of PzcH for PCN were 43.52 ± 4.82 μM and 17.028 ± 0.57 s-1, respectively. The molecular docking and point mutation experiment demonstrated that catalytic triad Lys80-Ser155-Ser179 are essential for PzcH to hydrolyze PCN. Strain WH99 can degrade PCN and PCA to reduce their toxicity against the sensitive organisms. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanism of PCN degradation, presents the first report on the key amino acids in PzcH from the Gram-positive bacteria and provides an effective strain in the bioremediation PCN and PCA contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaihua Pan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junqiang Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuekun Bai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiguo Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qing Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Tao F, Tan Y, Dai J, Lu C, Sha Y, Liu Y, Zhou X, Hasi Q, Shen Z, Ma Y. Occurrence of halogenated methanesulfonic acids in water and sediment from the Hangzhou Bay, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115463. [PMID: 36791841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated methanesulfonic acids (HMSAs) are an important new class of organic compounds as they were universal in the water cycle and drinking water sources. However, no study has investigated the presence of HMSAs in surface water and sediment from China. The present study reports the occurrence and spatiotemporal distribution of seven HMSAs in water and sediment samples from Hangzhou Bay, China. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) was the main contributor to the concentrations of HMSAs in water and sediment samples from spring, summer, autumn and winter which were 30.8-541 ng/L, n. d.-86.6 ng/L, 4.22-70.9 ng/L and 8.86-192 ng/L, separately, while in sediment samples were n. d.-11.1 ng/g, n. d.-12.9 ng/g, n. d.-22.5 ng/g, n. d.-4.60 ng/g, respectively. The levels of HMSAs in water from winter and spring were higher than those in summer and autumn, and the concentrations of the target HMSAs in water presents a seasonal pattern affected by the temperature, the precipitation and river flow variations. Nevertheless, the levels of HMSAs in sediment were highest in the area near the industrial area and the confluences of rivers. Correlation analysis revealed that the concentrations of TFMSA were significantly positively correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) in water samples. Although TFMSA is regarded as low toxic based on the EC50 value of acute toxicity, the potential risks to aquatic ecology should be paid more attention due to its high concentrations in the aquatic system and the environmental persistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tao
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China; College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junwei Dai
- Focused Photonics (Hangzhou), Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China
| | - Congrui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Jianke Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yadong Sha
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Xinxing Zhou
- Focused Photonics (Hangzhou), Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China
| | - Qingele Hasi
- Xinjiang Bole Environmental Monitoring Centre, Bole, Xinjiang, 833400, China
| | - Zhemin Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuning Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Focused Photonics (Hangzhou), Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China.
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Serafim B, Bernardino AR, Freitas F, Torres CAV. Recent Developments in the Biological Activities, Bioproduction, and Applications of Pseudomonas spp. Phenazines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031368. [PMID: 36771036 PMCID: PMC9919295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenazines are a large group of heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds with demonstrated insecticidal, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and anticancer activities. These natural compounds are synthesized by several microorganisms originating from diverse habitats, including marine and terrestrial sources. The most well-studied producers belong to the Pseudomonas genus, which has been extensively investigated over the years for its ability to synthesize phenazines. This review is focused on the research performed on pseudomonads' phenazines in recent years. Their biosynthetic pathways, mechanism of regulation, production processes, bioactivities, and applications are revised in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Serafim
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Bernardino
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristiana A. V. Torres
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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The Novel Amidase PcnH Initiates the Degradation of Phenazine-1-Carboxamide in Sphingomonas histidinilytica DS-9. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0054322. [PMID: 35579476 PMCID: PMC9195955 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00543-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenazines are an important class of secondary metabolites and are primarily named for their heterocyclic phenazine cores, including phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and its derivatives, such as phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) and pyocyanin (PYO). Although several genes involved in the degradation of PCA and PYO have been reported so far, the genetic foundations of PCN degradation remain unknown. In this study, a PCN-degrading bacterial strain, Sphingomonas histidinilytica DS-9, was isolated. The gene pcnH, encoding a novel amidase responsible for the initial step of PCN degradation, was cloned by genome comparison and subsequent experimental validation. PcnH catalyzed the hydrolysis of the amide bond of PCN to produce PCA, which shared low identity (only 26 to 33%) with reported amidases. The Km and kcat values of PcnH for PCN were 33.22 ± 5.70 μM and 18.71 ± 0.52 s-1, respectively. PcnH has an Asp-Lys-Cys motif, which is conserved among amidases of the isochorismate hydrolase-like (IHL) superfamily. The replacement of Asp37, Lys128, and Cys163 with alanine in PcnH led to the complete loss of enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the genes pcaA1A2A3A4 and pcnD were found to encode PCA 1,2-dioxygenase and 1,2-dihydroxyphenazine (2OHPC) dioxygenase, which were responsible for the subsequent degradation steps of PCN. The PCN-degradative genes were highly conserved in some bacteria of the genus Sphingomonas, with slight variations in the sequence identities. IMPORTANCE Phenazines have been widely acknowledged as a natural antibiotic for more than 150 years, but their degradation mechanisms are still not completely elucidated. Compared with the studies on the degradation mechanism of PCA and PYO, little is known regarding PCN degradation by far. Previous studies have speculated that its initial degradation step may be catalyzed by an amidase, but no further studies have been conducted. This study identified a novel amidase, PcnH, that catalyzed the hydrolysis of PCN to PCA. In addition, the PCA 1,2-dioxygenase PcaA1A2A3A4 and 2OHPC dioxygenase PcnD were also found to be involved in the subsequent degradation steps of PCN in S. histidinilytica DS-9. And the genes responsible for PCN catabolism are highly conserved in some strains of Sphingomonas. These results deepen our understanding of the PCN degradation mechanism.
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Enhanced Phenazine-1-Carboxamide Production in Pseudomonas chlororaphis H5△fleQ△relA through Fermentation Optimization. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) is effective to control many plant pathogens, and improving PCN production would be of great significance in promoting its development as a biopesticide. This study was conducted to improve the PCN production of Pseudomonas chlororaphis H5△fleQ△relA through fermentation optimization in both shake flask and bioreactor. The PCN production of H5△fleQ△relA was improved from 2.75 ± 0.23 g/L to 5.51 ± 0.17 g/L by medium optimization in shake flask using Plackett-Burman design, the path of steepest ascent experiment and central composite design. Then, PCN production reached 8.58 ± 0.25 g/L through optimizing pH in 1 L bioreactor. After pH optimization, the transcriptional levels of ccoO_2 and ccoQ_2 genes related to microbial aerobic respiration were significantly upregulated, and the relative abundance of 3-oxo-C14-HSL was significantly enhanced 15-fold, and these changes were vital for cell activity and metabolites production. Furthermore, the PCN production reached 9.58 ± 0.57 g/L after optimization of the fed-batch fermentation strategy in 1 L bioreactor. Finally, the fermentation scale-up of the optimal medium and optimal feeding strategy were conducted in 30 L bioreactor at the optimal pH, and their PCN production reached 9.17 g/L and 9.62 g/L respectively, which were comparable to that in 1 L bioreactor. In this study, the high PCN production was achieved from the shake-flask fermentation to 30 L bioreactor, and the optimal feeding strategy improved PCN production in bioreactor without increasing total glycerol compared with in shake flask. It provides promising pathways for the optimization of processes for the production of other phenazines.
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Huang P, Yue SJ, Cai YY, Li S, Hu HB, Wang W, Zhang XH. rpeA, a global regulator involved in mupirocin biosynthesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 10586. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:9309-9319. [PMID: 34791515 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mupirocin, a polyketide antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, is used as a topical antimicrobial treatment to cure various skin infections. Quorum sensing system plays an important role in regulation of mupirocin biosynthesis in P. fluorescens NCIMB 10586. In Pseudomonas, the RpeA/RpeB two-component signal transduction (TCST) system regulates quorum sensing system. However, the influences of the RpeA/RpeB TCST system on mupirocin production or other cell activities have not been studied. In this work, the homologous genes of rpeA and rpeB in P. fluorescens NCIMB 10586 were identified and inactivated in the chromosome, respectively. The deletion of rpeA reduced the mupirocin production from 160 in the wild-type to 21.3 mg/L along with slightly decreased cell growth, while no significant effected on mupirocin production in the rpeB mutant. Next, it was found that the RpeA/RpeB TCST system regulated the biosynthesis of mupirocin by modulating the quorum sensing system. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics analysis was employed to detect the influences of RpeA on other cell activities modulated by quorum sensing system. Combined with quantitative real-time PCR, the results demonstrated that RpeA also regulated other cell activities including central carbon, amino acids, fatty acids, and purine metabolism. Overall, this study expands the current understanding of the RpeA/RpeB TCST system and provides several targets for increasing yields of mupirocin. KEY POINTS: • In P. fluorescens, the RpeA/RpeB TCST system regulates the biosynthesis of mupirocin. • RpeA modulates the cell activities through effecting the central carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hong-Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xue-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Wang Z, Huang X, Jan M, Kong D, Wang W, Zhang X. Lon protease downregulates phenazine-1-carboxamide biosynthesis by degrading the quorum sensing signal synthase PhzI and exhibits negative feedback regulation of Lon itself in Pseudomonas chlororaphis HT66. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:690-706. [PMID: 34097792 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas chlororaphis HT66 exhibits strong antagonistic activity against various phytopathogenic fungi due to its main antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN). PCN gene cluster consists of phzABCDEFG, phzH, phzI, and phzR operons. phzABCDEFG transcription is activated by the PhzI/R quorum sensing system. Deletion of the lon gene encoding an ATP-dependent protease resulted in significant enhancement of PCN production in strain HT66. However, the regulatory pathway and mechanism of Lon on PCN biosynthesis remain unknown. Here, lon mutation was shown to significantly improve antimicrobial activity of strain HT66. The N-acyl-homoserine lactone synthase PhzI mediates the negative regulation of PCN biosynthesis and phzABCDEFG transcription by Lon. Western blot showed that PhzI protein abundance and stability were significantly enhanced by lon deletion. The in vitro degradation assay suggested that Lon could directly degrade PhzI protein. However, Lon with an amino acid replacement (S674 -A) could not degrade PhzI protein. Lon-recognized region was located within the first 50 amino acids of PhzI. In addition, Lon formed a new autoregulatory feedback circuit to modulate its own degradation by other potential proteases. In summary, we elucidated the Lon-regulated pathway mediated by PhzI during PCN biosynthesis and the molecular mechanism underlying the degradation of PhzI by Lon in P. chlororaphis HT66.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Malik Jan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Matuszewska M, Maciąg T, Rajewska M, Wierzbicka A, Jafra S. The carbon source-dependent pattern of antimicrobial activity and gene expression in Pseudomonas donghuensis P482. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10994. [PMID: 34040089 PMCID: PMC8154892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas donghuensis P482 is a tomato rhizosphere isolate with the ability to inhibit growth of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Herein, we analysed the impact of the carbon source on the antibacterial activity of P482 and expression of the selected genes of three genomic regions in the P482 genome. These regions are involved in the synthesis of pyoverdine, 7-hydroxytropolone (7-HT) and an unknown compound ("cluster 17") and are responsible for the antimicrobial activity of P482. We showed that the P482 mutants, defective in these regions, show variations and contrasting patterns of growth inhibition of the target pathogen under given nutritional conditions (with glucose or glycerol as a carbon source). We also selected and validated the reference genes for gene expression studies in P. donghuensis P482. Amongst ten candidate genes, we found gyrB, rpoD and mrdA the most stably expressed. Using selected reference genes in RT-qPCR, we assessed the expression of the genes of interest under minimal medium conditions with glucose or glycerol as carbon sources. Glycerol was shown to negatively affect the expression of genes necessary for 7-HT synthesis. The significance of this finding in the light of the role of nutrient (carbon) availability in biological plant protection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Matuszewska
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Maciąg
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rajewska
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aldona Wierzbicka
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Jafra
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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11
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Liu WH, Yue SJ, Feng TT, Li S, Huang P, Hu HB, Wang W, Zhang XH. Characterization and Engineering of Pseudomonas chlororaphis LX24 with High Production of 2-Hydroxyphenazine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4778-4784. [PMID: 33848158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The take-all disease of wheat is one of the most serious diseases in the field of food security in the world. There is no effective biological pesticide to prevent the take-all disease of wheat. 2-Hydroxyphenazine (2-OH-PHZ) was reported to possess a better inhibitory effect on the take-all disease of wheat than phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, which was registered as "Shenqinmycin" in China in 2011. The aim of this study was to construct a 2-OH-PHZ high-producing strain by strain screening, genome sequencing, genetic engineering, and fermentation optimization. First, the metabolites of the previously screened new phenazine-producing Pseudomonas sp. strain were identified, and the taxonomic status of the new Pseudomonas sp. strain was confirmed through 16S rRNA and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Then, the new Pseudomonas sp. strain was named Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca LX24, which is a new subspecies of P. chlororaphis that can synthesize 2-OH-PHZ. Next, the draft genome of strain LX24 was determined, and clusters of orthologous group (COG) analysis, KEGG analysis, and gene ontology (GO) analysis of strain LX24 were performed. Furthermore, the production of 2-OH-PHZ increased to 351.7 from 158.6 mg/L by deletion of the phenazine synthesis negative regulatory genes rpeA and rsmE in strain LX24. Finally, the 2-OH-PHZ production of strain LX24 reached 677.1 mg/L after fermentation optimization, which is the highest production through microbial fermentation reported to date. This work provides a reference for the efficient production of other pesticides and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tong-Tong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong-Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xue-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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12
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Deng RX, Zhang Z, Li HL, Wang W, Hu HB, Zhang XH. Identification of a Novel Bioactive Phenazine Derivative and Regulation of phoP on Its Production in Streptomyces lomondensis S015. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:974-981. [PMID: 33443412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural phenazines are a class of multifunctional secondary metabolites of bacteria that play an important role in the biocontrol of plant pathogens. In this paper, a novel bioactive phenazine derivative was isolated from Streptomyces lomondensis S015 through silica gel chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structure was identified as 1-carboxyl-6-formyl-4,7,9-trihydroxy-phenazine (CFTHP) by NMR spectroscopy in combination with ultraperformance liquid chromatography & mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). CFTHP could inhibit Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Septoria steviae, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 16, 32, 16, and 16 μg/mL, respectively. A global regulatory gene phoP could positively regulate CFTHP biosynthesis since its production was 3.0-fold enhanced by phoP overexpression and inhibited by phoP deletion in Streptomyces lomondensis S015. These studies illustrated the potential of CFTHP as a promising biopesticide and provided a reference for phenazine production improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong-Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xue-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Cheng W, Liu G, Guo Z, Chen F, Cheng KW. Kinetic Study and Degradation Mechanism of Glycidyl Esters in both Palm Oil and Chemical Models during High-Temperature Heating. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15319-15326. [PMID: 33131272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A kinetic model for glycidyl ester (GE) formation in both palm oil and chemical models during high-temperature heating was built to investigate the formation and degradation mechanisms of GEs in refined palm oil. The results showed that the formation and degradation of GEs followed pseudo-first-order reactions, and the rate constants of reaction kinetics followed the Arrhenius equation. The estimated activation energy of the GE degradation reaction (12.87 kJ/mol) was significantly lower than that of the GE formation reaction (34.58 kJ/mol), suggesting that GE degradation occurred more readily than formation. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) band intensities of epoxy and ester carboxyl groups decreased over heating time, while no band assigned to the cyclic acyloxonium group was found. Furthermore, no 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO)-cyclic acyloxonium radical adduct was detected by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS). The above findings indicated that GEs were decomposed, fatty acid was also liberated, and GE degradation did not involve a cyclic acyloxonium intermediate. GEs were primarily decomposed into monoacylglycerol via ring-opening reaction during heating followed by fatty acid and glycerol via hydrolysis reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cheng
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Sun X, Xu Y, Chen L, Jin X, Ni H. The salt-tolerant phenazine-1-carboxamide-producing bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa NF011 isolated from wheat rhizosphere soil in dry farmland with antagonism against Fusarium graminearum. Microbiol Res 2020; 245:126673. [PMID: 33429287 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease caused by Fusarium graminearum (Fg) seriously affects the yield and quality of wheat. In this study, after bacterial community analysis of two wheat rhizosphere soils, the genus Pseudomonas was shown to be enriched in normal dry farmland (maize-wheat rotation) compared to that observed nearby paddy farmland (rice-wheat rotation) with serious FHB disease. Subsequently, a P. aeruginosa strain, NF011 with the highest antagonistic activity against Fg and excellent tolerance to 8.0 % of NaCl was isolated from the wheat rhizosphere soil in the normal dry farmland. Dual culture assay results showed that NF011 is a broad-spectrum fungicide for controlling six wheat pathogenic fungi. The major antifungal compound produced by NF011 was identified as phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) by LC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance. 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL of NF011 or 32 mg/L of PCN could completely inhibit Fg spore germination and resulted in the destruction of Fg hypha vacuoles. Mannitol, peanut meal, beef extract, metal ions (Mn2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, and Mg2+), and amino acids (Arg and Lys) could promote the production of PCN by NF011, moreover, the optimal pH and temperature was 6.0 and 20 °C. The PCN produced by NF011 under the optimized culture conditions reached 436.55 ± 11.06 mg/L, 4.90-fold higher than that observed under the basic culture conditions. Finally, infection experiment results showed that NF011 can effectively prevent Fg spores from infecting wheat spikes and wheat grains and suppress the production of deoxynivalenol (DON). Therefore, the salt-tolerant PCN-producing NF011 has the potential to control wheat fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xinmeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Schwanemann T, Otto M, Wierckx N, Wynands B. Pseudomonasas Versatile Aromatics Cell Factory. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900569. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schwanemann
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Maike Otto
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Benedikt Wynands
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
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16
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Metabolic reconstruction of Pseudomonas chlororaphis ATCC 9446 to understand its metabolic potential as a phenazine-1-carboxamide-producing strain. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10119-10132. [PMID: 32984920 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas chlororaphis is a plant-associated bacterium with reported antagonistic activity against different organisms and plant growth-promoting properties. P. chlororaphis possesses exciting biotechnological features shared with another Pseudomonas with a nonpathogenic phenotype. Part of the antagonistic role of P. chlororaphis is due to its production of a wide variety of phenazines. To expand the knowledge of the metabolic traits of this organism, we constructed the first experimentally validated genome-scale model of P. chlororaphis ATCC 9446, containing 1267 genes and 2289 reactions, and analyzed strategies to maximize its potential for the production of phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN). The resulting model also describes the capability of P. chlororaphis to carry out the denitrification process and its ability to consume sucrose (Scr), trehalose, mannose, and galactose as carbon sources. Additionally, metabolic network analysis suggested fatty acids as the best carbon source for PCN production. Moreover, the optimization of PCN production was performed with glucose and glycerol. The optimal PCN production phenotype requires an increased carbon flux in TCA and glutamine synthesis. Our simulations highlight the intrinsic H2O2 flux associated with PCN production, which may generate cellular stress in an overproducing strain. These results suggest that an improved antioxidative strategy could lead to optimal performance of phenazine-producing strains of P. chlororaphis. KEY POINTS : • This is the first publication of a metabolic model for a strain of P. chlororaphis. • Genome-scale model is worthy tool to increase the knowledge of a non model organism. • Fluxes simulations indicate a possible effect of H2O2 on phenazines production. • P. chlororaphis can be a suitable model for a wide variety of compounds.
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17
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Wang S, Cui J, Bilal M, Hu H, Wang W, Zhang X. Pseudomonas spp. as cell factories (MCFs) for value-added products: from rational design to industrial applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1232-1249. [PMID: 32907412 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1809990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in microbial biotechnology for the production of value-added compounds from renewable resources. Pseudomonas species have been proposed as a suitable workhorse for high-value secondary metabolite production because of their unique characteristics for fast growth on sustainable carbon sources, a clear inherited background, versatile intrinsic metabolism with diverse enzymatic capacities, and their robustness in an extreme environment. It has also been demonstrated that metabolically engineered Pseudomonas strains can produce several industrially valuable aromatic chemicals and natural products such as phenazines, polyhydroxyalkanoates, rhamnolipids, and insecticidal proteins from renewable feedstocks with remarkably high yields suitable for commercial application. In this review, we summarize cell factory construction in Pseudomonas for the biosynthesis of native and non-native bioactive compounds in P. putida, P. chlororaphis, P. aeruginosa, as well as pharmaceutical proteins production by P. fluorescens. Additionally, some novel strategies together with metabolic engineering strategies in order to improve the biosynthetic abilities of Pseudomonas as an ideal chassis are discussed. Finally, we proposed emerging opportunities, challenges, and essential strategies to enable the successful development of Pseudomonas as versatile microbial cell factories for the bioproduction of diverse bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Obata T. Toward an evaluation of metabolite channeling in vivo. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 64:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Mendonca CM, Wilkes RA, Aristilde L. Advancements in 13C isotope tracking of synergistic substrate co-utilization in Pseudomonas species and implications for biotechnology applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 64:124-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Jin ZJ, Zhou L, Sun S, Cui Y, Song K, Zhang X, He YW. Identification of a Strong Quorum Sensing- and Thermo-Regulated Promoter for the Biosynthesis of a New Metabolite Pesticide Phenazine-1-carboxamide in Pseudomonas strain PA1201. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1802-1812. [PMID: 32584550 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) produced by multifarious Pseudomonas strains represents a promising candidate as a new metabolite pesticide due to its broad-spectrum antifungal activity and capacity to induce systemic resistance in plants. The rice rhizosphere Pseudomonas strain PA1201 contains two reiterated gene clusters, phz1 and phz2, for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) biosynthesis; PCA is further converted into PCN by this strain using a functional phzH-encoding glutamine aminotransferase. However, PCN levels in PA1201 constitute approximately one-fifth of PCA levels and the optimal temperature for PCN synthesis is 28 °C. In this study, the phzH open reading frame (ORF) and promoter region were investigated and reannotated. phzH promoter PphzH was found to be a weak promoter, and PhzH levels were not sufficient to convert all of the native PCA into PCN. Following RNA Seq and promoter-lacZ fusion analyses, a strong quorum sensing (QS)- and thermo-regulated promoter PrhlI was identified and characterized. The activity of PphzH is approximately 1% of PrhlI in PA1201. After three rounds of promoter editing and swapping by PrhlI, a new PCN-overproducing strain UP46 was generated. The optimal fermentation temperature for PCN biosynthesis in UP46 was increased from 28 to 37 °C and the PCN fermentation titer increased 179.5-fold, reaching 14.1 g/L, the highest ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Zhiyuan Innovation Research Centre, Student Innovation Institute, Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, 250014, China
| | - Ying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ya-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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21
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Cao M, Gao M, Suástegui M, Mei Y, Shao Z. Building microbial factories for the production of aromatic amino acid pathway derivatives: From commodity chemicals to plant-sourced natural products. Metab Eng 2020; 58:94-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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22
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de Meneses L, Pereira JR, Sevrin C, Grandfils C, Paiva A, Reis MA, Freitas F. Pseudomonas chlororaphis as a multiproduct platform: Conversion of glycerol into high-value biopolymers and phenazines. N Biotechnol 2020; 55:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Poblete-Castro I, Wittmann C, Nikel PI. Biochemistry, genetics and biotechnology of glycerol utilization in Pseudomonas species. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 13:32-53. [PMID: 30883020 PMCID: PMC6922529 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of renewable waste feedstocks is an environment‐friendly choice contributing to the reduction of waste treatment costs and increasing the economic value of industrial by‐products. Glycerol (1,2,3‐propanetriol), a simple polyol compound widely distributed in biological systems, constitutes a prime example of a relatively cheap and readily available substrate to be used in bioprocesses. Extensively exploited as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries, glycerol is also the main by‐product of biodiesel production, which has resulted in a progressive drop in substrate price over the years. Consequently, glycerol has become an attractive substrate in biotechnology, and several chemical commodities currently produced from petroleum have been shown to be obtained from this polyol using whole‐cell biocatalysts with both wild‐type and engineered bacterial strains. Pseudomonas species, endowed with a versatile and rich metabolism, have been adopted for the conversion of glycerol into value‐added products (ranging from simple molecules to structurally complex biopolymers, e.g. polyhydroxyalkanoates), and a number of metabolic engineering strategies have been deployed to increase the number of applications of glycerol as a cost‐effective substrate. The unique genetic and metabolic features of glycerol‐grown Pseudomonas are presented in this review, along with relevant examples of bioprocesses based on this substrate – and the synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies implemented in bacteria of this genus aimed at glycerol valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Poblete-Castro
- Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Yao R, Li J, Feng L, Zhang X, Hu H. 13C metabolic flux analysis-guided metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for improved acetol production from glycerol. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:29. [PMID: 30805028 PMCID: PMC6373095 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioprocessing offers a sustainable and green approach to manufacture various chemicals and materials. Development of bioprocesses requires transforming common producer strains to cell factories. 13C metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA) can be applied to identify relevant targets to accomplish the desired phenotype, which has become one of the major tools to support systems metabolic engineering. In this research, we applied 13C-MFA to identify bottlenecks in the bioconversion of glycerol into acetol by Escherichia coli. Valorization of glycerol, the main by-product of biodiesel, has contributed to the viability of biofuel economy. RESULTS We performed 13C-MFA and measured intracellular pyridine nucleotide pools in a first-generation acetol producer strain (HJ06) and a non-producer strain (HJ06C), and identified that engineering the NADPH regeneration is a promising target. Based on this finding, we overexpressed nadK encoding NAD kinase or pntAB encoding membrane-bound transhydrogenase either individually or in combination with HJ06, obtaining HJ06N, HJ06P and HJ06PN. The step-wise approach resulted in increasing the acetol titer from 0.91 g/L (HJ06) to 2.81 g/L (HJ06PN). To systematically characterize and the effect of mutation(s) on the metabolism, we also examined the metabolomics and transcriptional levels of key genes in four strains. The pool sizes of NADPH, NADP+ and the NADPH/NADP+ ratio were progressively increased from HJ06 to HJ06PN, demonstrating that the sufficient NADPH supply is critical for acetol production. Flux distribution was optimized towards acetol formation from HJ06 to HJ06PN: (1) The carbon partitioning at the DHAP node directed gradually more carbon from the lower glycolytic pathway through the acetol biosynthetic pathway; (2) The transhydrogenation flux was constantly increased. In addition, 13C-MFA showed the rigidity of upper glycolytic pathway, PP pathway and the TCA cycle to support growth. The flux patterns were supported by most metabolomics data and gene expression profiles. CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrated how 13C-MFA can be applied to drive the cycles of design, build, test and learn implementation for strain development. This succeeding engineering strategy can also be applicable for rational design of other microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jiawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Lei Feng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
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Wang S, Fu C, Bilal M, Hu H, Wang W, Zhang X. Enhanced biosynthesis of arbutin by engineering shikimate pathway in Pseudomonas chlororaphis P3. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:174. [PMID: 30414616 PMCID: PMC6230248 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbutin is a plant-derived glycoside with potential antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Currently, it is mainly produced by plant extraction or enzymatic processes, which suffers from expensive processing cost and low product yield. Metabolic engineering of microbes is an increasingly powerful method for the high-level production of valuable biologicals. Since Pseudomonas chlororaphis has been widely engineered as a phenazine-producing platform organism due to its well-characterized genetics and physiology, and faster growth rate using glycerol as a renewable carbon source, it can also be engineered as the cell factory using strong shikimate pathway on the basis of synthetic biology. RESULTS In this work, a plasmid-free biosynthetic pathway was constructed in P. chlororaphis P3 for elevated biosynthesis of arbutin from sustainable carbon sources. The arbutin biosynthetic pathway was expressed under the native promoter Pphz using chromosomal integration. Instead of being plasmid and inducer dependent, the metabolic engineering approach used to fine-tune the biosynthetic pathway significantly enhanced the arbutin production with a 22.4-fold increase. On the basis of medium factor optimization and mixed fed-batch fermentation of glucose and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, the engineered P. chlororaphis P3-Ar5 strain led to the highest arbutin production of 6.79 g/L with the productivity of 0.094 g/L/h, with a 54-fold improvement over the initial strain. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the construction of plasmid-free synthetic pathway displays a high potential for improved biosynthesis of arbutin and other shikimate pathway derived biologicals in P. chlororaphis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Cong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,National Experimental, Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Zhan Y, Sheng B, Wang H, Shi J, Cai D, Yi L, Yang S, Wen Z, Ma X, Chen S. Rewiring glycerol metabolism for enhanced production of poly-γ-glutamic acid in Bacillus licheniformis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:306. [PMID: 30455735 PMCID: PMC6225680 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural polymer with great potential applications in areas of agriculture, industry, and pharmaceutical. The biodiesel-derived glycerol can be used as an attractive feedstock for γ-PGA production due to its availability and low price; however, insufficient production of γ-PGA from glycerol is limitation. RESULTS The metabolic pathway of Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 was rewired to improve the efficiency of glycerol assimilation and the supply of NADPH for γ-PGA synthesis. GlpK, GlpX, Zwf, and Tkt1 were found to be the key enzymes for γ-PGA synthesis using glycerol as a feedstock. Through combinational expression of these key enzymes, the γ-PGA titer increased to 19.20 ± 1.57 g/L, which was 1.50-fold of that of the wild-type strain. Then, we studied the flux distributions, gene expression, and intracellular metabolites in WX-02 and the recombinant strain BC4 (over-expression of the above quadruple enzymes). Our results indicated that over-expression of the quadruple enzymes redistributed metabolic flux to γ-PGA synthesis. Furthermore, using crude glycerol as carbon source, the BC4 strain showed a high productivity of 0.38 g/L/h, and produced 18.41 g/L γ-PGA, with a high yield of 0.46 g γ-PGA/g glycerol. CONCLUSIONS The approach to rewiring of metabolic pathways enables B. licheniformis to efficiently synthesize γ-PGA from glycerol. The γ-PGA productivity reported in this work is the highest obtained in glutamate-free medium. The present study demonstrates that the recombinant B. licheniformis strain shows significant potential to produce valuable compounds from crude glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Bojie Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
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Bilal M, Wang S, Iqbal HMN, Zhao Y, Hu H, Wang W, Zhang X. Metabolic engineering strategies for enhanced shikimate biosynthesis: current scenario and future developments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7759-7773. [PMID: 30014168 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Shikimic acid is an important intermediate for the manufacture of the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) and many other pharmaceutical compounds. Much of its existing supply is obtained from the seeds of Chinese star anise (Illicium verum). Nevertheless, plants cannot supply a stable source of affordable shikimate along with laborious and cost-expensive extraction and purification process. Microbial biosynthesis of shikimate through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches represents a sustainable, cost-efficient, and environmentally friendly route than plant-based methods. Metabolic engineering allows elevated shikimate production titer by inactivating the competing pathways, increasing intracellular level of key precursors, and overexpressing rate-limiting enzymes. The development of synthetic and systems biology-based novel technologies have revealed a new roadmap for the construction of high shikimate-producing strains. This review elaborates the enhanced biosynthesis of shikimate by utilizing an array of traditional metabolic engineering along with novel advanced technologies. The first part of the review is focused on the mechanistic pathway for shikimate production, use of recombinant and engineered strains, improving metabolic flux through the shikimate pathway, chemically inducible chromosomal evolution, and bioprocess engineering strategies. The second part discusses a variety of industrially pertinent compounds derived from shikimate with special reference to aromatic amino acids and phenazine compound, and main engineering strategies for their production in diverse bacterial strains. Towards the end, the work is wrapped up with concluding remarks and future considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Songwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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