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Ning YN, Tian D, Zhao S, Feng JX. Regulation of genes encoding polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in Penicillium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:16. [PMID: 38170318 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Penicillium fungi, including Penicillium oxalicum, can secrete a range of efficient plant-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (PPDEs) that is very useful for sustainable bioproduction, using renewable plant biomass as feedstock. However, the low efficiency and high cost of PPDE production seriously hamper the industrialization of processes based on PPDEs. In Penicillium, the expression of PPDE genes is strictly regulated by a complex regulatory system and molecular breeding to modify this system is a promising way to improve fungal PPDE yields. In this mini-review, we present an update on recent research progress concerning PPDE distribution and function, the regulatory mechanism of PPDE biosynthesis, and molecular breeding to produce PPDE-hyperproducing Penicillium strains. This review will facilitate future development of fungal PPDE production through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, thereby promoting PPDE industrial biorefinery applications. KEY POINTS: • This mini review summarizes PPDE distribution and function in Penicillium. • It updates progress on the regulatory mechanism of PPDE biosynthesis in Penicillium. • It updates progress on breeding of PPDE-hyperproducing Penicillium strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ni Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Xia R, Xu T, Ge F, Sun Y, Wang Z, Cheng W, Wu D, Xia X, Yang P, Tang X. New insights into how freeze-drying and cryo-milling affects the fine structure and digestibility of gelatinized starch. Food Chem 2024; 457:140061. [PMID: 38901334 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Freeze-drying (FD) and cryo-milling (CM) are common methods for preparing powder gelatinized starch samples. This study investigates the structural characterization of raw/gelatinized maize starches and digestibility after FD/CM processes to elucidate their effect on starch digestibility determination. Results showed that FD slightly increased digestibility, while higher initial glucose content in CM samples, especially for gelatinized samples. Only FD retained the granular morphology and relative crystallinity (RC), while gelatinized-FD decreased RC by 75%. CM decreased RC by 12%, while gelatinized-CM decreased it by 97%. Combined with short-range and chain structural results, FD tended to disrupt internal connected chains through volume stress, while CM cleaved glycosidic bonds in external chain. Stretched chains in gelatinized starch promoted the breakage of chains during shearing and their efficient binding with digestive enzymes. These findings would provide a basis for pre-treatment of powder samples and processes of starch- rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhui Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tongtong Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenjiong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xifeng Xia
- Center of Analytical Facilities of Nanjing University Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Peiqiang Yang
- Suzhou Niumag Analytical Instrument Corporation, Suzhou 215151, China
| | - Xiaozhi Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
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Radzlin N, Mohamad Ali MS, Goh KM, Yaakop AS, Zakaria II, Kahar UM. Exploring a novel GH13_5 α-amylase from Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis D5 T for raw starch hydrolysis. AMB Express 2024; 14:71. [PMID: 38874807 PMCID: PMC11178733 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Amylase plays a crucial role in the industrial degradation of starch. The genus Jeotgalibacillus of the underexplored marine bacteria family Caryophanaceae has not been investigated in terms of α-amylase production. Herein, we report the comprehensive analysis of an α-amylase (AmyJM) from Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis D5T (= DSM28777T = KCTC33550T). Protein phylogenetic analysis indicated that AmyJM belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 13 subfamily 5 (GH13_5) and exhibits low sequence identity with known α-amylases, with its closest counterpart being the GH13_5 α-amylase from Bacillus sp. KSM-K38 (51.05% identity). Purified AmyJM (molecular mass of 70 kDa) is stable at a pH range of 5.5-9.0 and optimally active at pH 7.5. The optimum temperature for AmyJM is 40 °C, where the enzyme is reasonably stable at this temperature. Similar to other α-amylases, the presence of CaCl2 enhanced both the activity and stability of AmyJM. AmyJM exhibited activity toward raw and gelatinized forms of starches and related α-glucans, generating a mixture of reducing sugars, such as glucose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, and maltopentaose. In raw starch hydrolysis, AmyJM exhibited its highest efficiency (51.10% degradation) in hydrolyzing raw wheat starch after 3-h incubation at 40 °C. Under the same conditions, AmyJM also hydrolyzed tapioca, sago, potato, rice, and corn raw starches, yielding 16.01-30.05%. These findings highlight the potential of AmyJM as a biocatalyst for the saccharification of raw starches, particularly those derived from wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurfatini Radzlin
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Kian Mau Goh
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Amira Suriaty Yaakop
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Iffah Izzati Zakaria
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ummirul Mukminin Kahar
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Ubi DS, Ekpenyong MG, Ikharia EJ, Akwagiobe EA, Asitok AD, Antai SP. Production, characterization, and bio-ethanologenic potential of a novel tripartite raw starch-digesting amylase from Priestia flexa UCCM 00132. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:597-611. [PMID: 37787010 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2259452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The biological conversion of agro-waste biomass into value-added metabolites is one of the trendy biotechnological research areas in recent times. One of the major drawbacks of the bioprocess is the saccharification potential of the amylolytic enzyme that releases reducing sugar from complex biomass to serve as substrate for fermentation. The present study reports the production of a novel tripartite raw starch-digesting amylase (RSDA) by an indigenous Priestia flexa strain with α-, β-, and gluco-amylolytic activities and its potential for bioethanol production. Response surface statistics was employed to develop a suitable medium for improved production of the tripartite enzyme by submerged fermentation. The bioprocess selected raw starch (4.36%) Ca2+(2.71 g/L) and Zn2+ (0.0177 g/L) as significant variables which demonstrated a total RSDA activity of 7208.23 U/mL in a 5-L batch bioreactor. SDS/Native-PAGE determined the molecular weights of the 27-fold purified product as 25.2 kDa, 57.3 kDa, and 90.1 kDa for α-, β-, and gluco-amylases, respectively. Optimum temperature and pH for enzyme activity were respectively broad at 30-70 °C and 4-11. The enzyme mixture demonstrated digestibility above 90% against a variety of raw starches and simultaneous fermentation of digestate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae generated 71.69 g/L of bioethanol within 24 h suggesting great potential for bioethanologenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sam Ubi
- Food and Industrial Microbiology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Maurice George Ekpenyong
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Eloghosa Joyce Ikharia
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ernest Ablewho Akwagiobe
- Food and Industrial Microbiology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Atim David Asitok
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Peter Antai
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Liu Y, Song X, Yang W, Wang M, Lian G, Li ZJ. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by engineered Halomonas bluephagenesis using starch as a carbon source. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129838. [PMID: 38307428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel α-amylase Amy03713 was screened and cloned from the starch utilization strain Vibrio alginolyticus LHF01. When heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, Amy03713 exhibited the highest enzyme activity at 45 °C and pH 7, maintained >50 % of the enzyme activity in the range of 25-75 °C and pH 5-9, and sustained >80 % of the enzyme activity in 25 % (w/v) of NaCl solution, thus showing a wide range of adapted temperatures, pH, and salt concentrations. Halomonas bluephagenesis harboring amy03713 gene was able to directly utilize starch. With optimized amylase expression, H. bluephagenesis could produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB). When cultured for PHB production, recombinant H. bluephagenesis was able to grow up to a cell dry weight of 11.26 g/L, achieving a PHB titer of 6.32 g/L, which is the highest titer that has been reported for PHB production from starch in shake flasks. This study suggests that Amy03713 is an ideal amylase for PHA production using starch as the carbon source in H. bluephagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Weinan Yang
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Jun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Yan G, Zhou Y, Wu J, Jin C, Zhao L, Wang W. Novel Strain of Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae CS-148 for the Direct Hydrolysis of Raw Starch into Glucose: Isolation and Fermentation Optimization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04750-0. [PMID: 37897622 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The conventional process for converting starch to glucose is energy-intensive. To lower the cost of this process, a novel strain of Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae CS-148 was isolated and identified, which could directly hydrolyze raw starch into glucose and accumulate glucose in the fermentation broth. The effects of different organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, the culture temperature, the initial pH, and the agitation speed on the yield of glucose were optimized through the one-factor-at-a-time method. Nine factors were screened by Plackett-Burman design, and three factors (raw corncob starch, yeast extract and (NH4)2SO4) had significant effects on glucose yield. Three significant factors were further optimized using Box-Behnken design. Under the optimized fermentation conditions (raw corncob starch 40.4 g/L, yeast extract 4.27 g/L, (NH4)2SO4 4.39 g/L, KH2PO4 2 g/L, MgSO4`7H2O 2 g/L, FeSO4`7H2O 0.02 g/L, NaCl 2 g/L, KCl 0.5 g/L, inoculums volume 4%, temperature 35 °C, agitation rate 150 rpm, and initial pH 7.0), the maximum glucose yield reached 17.32 ± 0.46 g/L, which is 1.33-fold compared to that by initial fermentation conditions. The maximum conversion rate and glucose productivity were 0.43 ± 0.01 g glucose/g raw corn starch and 0.22 ± 0.01 g/(L·h), respectively. These results implied that P. phyllosphaerae CS-148 could be used in the food industry or fermentation industry at a low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutrition Function Evaluation, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China.
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Ci Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
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Wang J, Zhang L, Wang P, Lei J, Zhong L, Zhan L, Ye X, Huang Y, Luo X, Cui Z, Li Z. Identification and Characterization of Novel Malto-Oligosaccharide-Forming Amylase AmyCf from Cystobacter sp. Strain CF23. Foods 2023; 12:3487. [PMID: 37761198 PMCID: PMC10528286 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malto-oligosaccharides (MOSs) from starch conversion is advantageous for food and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, an efficient malto-oligosaccharide-forming α-amylase AmyCf was identified from myxobacter Cystobacter sp. strain CF23. AmyCf is composed of 417 amino acids with N-terminal 41 amino acids as the signal peptide, and conserved glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13) catalytic module and predicted C-terminal domain with β-sheet structure are also identified. Phylogenetic and functional analysis demonstrated that AmyCf is a novel member of GH13_6 subfamily. The special activity of AmyCf toward soluble starch and raw wheat starch is 9249 U/mg and 11 U/mg, respectively. AmyCf has broad substrate specificity toward different types of starches without requiring Ca2+. Under ideal circumstances of 60 °C and pH 7.0, AmyCf hydrolyzes gelatinized starch into maltose and maltotriose and maltotetraose as the main hydrolytic products with more than 80% purity, while maltose and maltotriose are mainly produced from the hydrolysis of raw wheat starch with more than 95% purity. The potential applicability of AmyCf in starch processing is highlighted by its capacity to convert gelatinized starch and raw starch granules into MOSs. This enzymatic conversion technique shows promise for the low-temperature enzymatic conversion of raw starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Peiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jinhui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lingli Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease, Henan Centers for Disease and Prevention, No. 105, Nong Ye Dong Lu, Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.H.)
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Zhang L, Zhong L, Wang P, Zhan L, Yangzong Y, He T, Liu Y, Mao D, Ye X, Cui Z, Huang Y, Li Z. Structural and Functional Properties of Porous Corn Starch Obtained by Treating Raw Starch with AmyM. Foods 2023; 12:3157. [PMID: 37685090 PMCID: PMC10486553 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous starch is attracting considerable attention for its high surface area and shielding ability, properties which are useful in many food applications. In this study, native corn starch with 15, 25, and 45% degrees of hydrolysis (DH-15, DH-25, and DH-45) were prepared using a special raw starch-digesting amylase, AmyM, and their structural and functional properties were evaluated. DH-15, DH-25, and DH-45 exhibited porous surface morphologies, diverse pore size distributions and pore areas, and their adsorptive capacities were significantly enhanced by improved molecular interactions. Structural measures showed that the relative crystallinity decreased as the DH increased, while the depolymerization of starch double helix chains promoted interactions involving disordered chains, followed by chain rearrangement and the formation of sub-microcrystalline structures. In addition, DH-15, DH-25, and DH-45 displayed lower hydrolysis rates, and DH-45 showed a decreased C∞ value of 18.9% with higher resistant starch (RS) content and lower glucose release. Our results indicate that AmyM-mediated hydrolysis is an efficient pathway for the preparation of porous starches with different functionalities which can be used for a range of applications.
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Yao D, Han X, Gao H, Wang B, Fang Z, Li H, Fang W, Xiao Y. Enhanced extracellular production of raw starch-degrading α-amylase in Bacillus subtilis through expression regulatory element modification and fermentation optimization. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:118. [PMID: 37381017 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raw starch-degrading α-amylase (RSDA) can hydrolyze raw starch at moderate temperatures, thus contributing to savings in starch processing costs. However, the low production level of RSDA limits its industrial application. Therefore, improving the extracellular expression of RSDA in Bacillus subtilis, a commonly used industrial expression host, has great value. RESULTS In this study, the extracellular production level of Pontibacillus sp. ZY raw starch-degrading α-amylase (AmyZ1) in B. subtilis was enhanced by expression regulatory element modification and fermentation optimization. As an important regulatory element of gene expression, the promoter, signal peptide, and ribosome binding site (RBS) sequences upstream of the amyZ1 gene were sequentially optimized. Initially, based on five single promoters, the dual-promoter Pveg-PylB was constructed by tandem promoter engineering. Afterward, the optimal signal peptide SPNucB was obtained by screening 173 B. subtilis signal peptides. Then, the RBS sequence was optimized using the RBS Calculator to obtain the optimal RBS1. The resulting recombinant strain WBZ-VY-B-R1 showed an extracellular AmyZ1 activity of 4824.2 and 41251.3 U/mL during shake-flask cultivation and 3-L fermenter fermentation, which were 2.6- and 2.5-fold greater than those of the original strain WBZ-Y, respectively. Finally, the extracellular AmyZ1 activity of WBZ-VY-B-R1 was increased to 5733.5 U/mL in shake flask by optimizing the type and concentration of carbon source, nitrogen source, and metal ions in the fermentation medium. On this basis, its extracellular AmyZ1 activity was increased to 49082.1 U/mL in 3-L fermenter by optimizing the basic medium components as well as the ratio of carbon and nitrogen sources in the feed solution. This is the highest production level reported to date for recombinant RSDA production. CONCLUSIONS This study represents a report on the extracellular production of AmyZ1 using B. subtilis as a host strain, and achieved the current highest expression level. The results of this study will lay a foundation for the industrial application of RSDA. In addition, the strategies employed here also provide a promising way for improving other protein production in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbang Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, China
- AHU Green Industry Innovation Research Institute, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Xudong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, China
- AHU Green Industry Innovation Research Institute, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, China
- AHU Green Industry Innovation Research Institute, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, China
- AHU Green Industry Innovation Research Institute, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, China
- AHU Green Industry Innovation Research Institute, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - He Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, China
- AHU Green Industry Innovation Research Institute, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, China.
- AHU Green Industry Innovation Research Institute, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, 230601, China.
- AHU Green Industry Innovation Research Institute, Hefei, 230088, China.
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10
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Wu K, Zhai X, Chen H, Zheng J, Yu Z, Xu X, Huang J. The effect of barium and strontium on activity of glucoamylase QsGH97a from Qipengyuania seohaensis SW-135. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5840. [PMID: 37037863 PMCID: PMC10086023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases (GHs), the enzymes that break glycosidic bonds, are ubiquitous in the ecosystem, where they perform a range of biological functions. As an interesting glycosidase family, Glycoside hydrolase family 97 (GH97) contains α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, and glucoamylase. Only ten members of GH97 have been characterized so far. It is critical to explore novel members to elucidate the catalytic mechanism and application potential of GH97 family. In this study, a novel glucoamylase QsGH97a from Qipengyuania seohaensis SW-135 was cloned and expressed in E. coli. Sequence analysis and NMR results show that QsGH97a is classified into GH97a, and adopts inverting mechanism. The biochemical characterization indicates that QsGH97a shows the optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 8.0. Ca2+ has little effect on the catalytic activity; however, the activity can be substantially increased by 8-13 folds in the presence of Ba2+ or Sr2+. Additionally, the metal content of QsGH97a assay showed a high proportion of Sr2+. The specific metal activity was initially revealed in glucoamylases, which is not found in other members. These results imply that QsGH97a not only is a new member of GH97, but also has potential for industrial applications. Our study reveals that Ba2+ or Sr2+ may be involved in the catalytic mechanism of glucoamylase, laying the groundwork for a more complete knowledge of GH97 and its possible industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijuan Wu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xingyu Zhai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jinfeng Zheng
- Hunan Institute for Drug Control, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xuewei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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11
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Cakmak U, Tuncay FO, Kolcuoğlu Y. Cold active α-amylase obtained from Cladophora hutchinsiae-Purification, biochemical characterization and some potential applications. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Zhao S, Xiang B, Yang L, Chen J, Zhu C, Chen Y, Cui J, Hu S, Hu Y. Genetic modifications of critical regulators provide new insights into regulation modes of raw-starch-digesting enzyme expression in Penicillium. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:62. [PMID: 35641999 PMCID: PMC9158223 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Starch is a very abundant and renewable carbohydrate and an important feedstock for industrial applications. However, most starch-based products are not cost-efficient due to the high energy input needed in traditional enzymatic starch conversion processes. Raw-starch-digesting enzymes (RSDEs) from filamentous fungi have great commercial value in starch processing. However, the regulatory mechanisms associated with their production in filamentous fungi remain unknown. Results In this study, we reported the novel finding that cellulolytic fungus Penicillium oxalicum 114-2 has broad RSDE activity. Four regulators, including the amylase transcription activator AmyR, the catabolite repression repressor CreA, the group III G protein α subunit PGA3, and the nonhistone chromosomal protein HepA, have been found to play a crucial regulatory role in RSDE expression. Enzymatic assays revealed that RSDE production significantly increased after the overexpression of AmyR and HepA, the deletion of CreA and the dominant activation of PGA3. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that there is a mutual regulation mode between the four regulators, and then formed a cascade regulation mechanism that is involved in RSDE expression. Comparative transcriptomic analysis between the wild-type strain and genetically engineered strains revealed differentially expressed genes that may mediate the RSDE expression. Conclusions The four different types of regulators were systematically investigated and found to form a regulatory network controlling RSDE gene expression. Our results provide a new insight into the regulatory mechanism of fungal amylolytic enzyme expression and offer a theoretical basis to rationally improve the RSDE yield in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02162-6.
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13
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Enhanced extracellular raw starch-degrading α-amylase production in Bacillus subtilis through signal peptide and translation efficiency optimization. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Almeida RLJ, Rios NS, dos Santos ES. Modification of red rice starch by a combination of hydrothermal pretreatments and α-amylase hydrolysis. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Li H, Yao D, Pan Y, Chen X, Fang Z, Xiao Y. Enhanced extracellular raw starch-degrading α-amylase production in Bacillus subtilis by promoter engineering and translation initiation efficiency optimization. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:127. [PMID: 35761342 PMCID: PMC9235159 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A raw starch-degrading α-amylase from Pontibacillus sp. ZY (AmyZ1), previously screened by our laboratory, showed a promising application potential for starch-processing industries. However, the AmyZ1 secretory production still under investigation, which seriously restricts its application in the starch-processing industry. On the other hand, Bacillus subtilis is widely used to achieve the extracellular expression of target proteins. Results AmyZ1 secretory production was achieved in B. subtilis and was enhanced by promoter engineering and translation initiation efficiency optimization. First, based on the different phase-dependent promoters, the dual-promoter PspoVG–PspoVG142 was constructed by combining dual-promoter engineering and promoter modification. The corresponding strain BZd34 showed an extracellular AmyZ1 activity of 1437.6 U/mL during shake flask cultivation, which was 3.11-fold higher than that of the original strain BZ1 (PgroE). Then, based on translation initiation efficiency optimization, the best strain BZd343 containing optimized 5'-proximal coding sequence (opt3) produced the highest extracellular α-amylase activity of 1691.1 U/mL, which was 3.65-fold higher than that of the strain BZ1. Finally, cultivation of BZd343 in 3-L fermenter exhibited an extracellular AmyZ1 activity of 14,012 U/mL at 48 h, with productivity of 291.9 U/mL·h. Conclusions This is the first report of recombinant expression of AmyZ1 in B. subtilis and the expression level of AmyZ1 represents the highest raw starch-degrading α-amylase level in B. subtilis to date. The high-level expression of AmyZ1 in this work provides a foundation for its industrial production. The strategies used in this study also provide a strategic reference for improving the secretory expression of other enzymes in B. subtilis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01855-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbang Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Functional Characterization of Recombinant Raw Starch Degrading α-Amylase from Roseateles terrae HL11 and Its Application on Cassava Pulp Saccharification. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring new raw starch-hydrolyzing α-amylases and understanding their biochemical characteristics are important for the utilization of starch-rich materials in bio-industry. In this work, the biochemical characteristics of a novel raw starch-degrading α-amylase (HL11 Amy) from Roseateles terrae HL11 was firstly reported. Evolutionary analysis revealed that HL11Amy was classified into glycoside hydrolase family 13 subfamily 32 (GH13_32). It contains four protein domains consisting of domain A, domain B, domain C and carbohydrate-binding module 20 (CMB20). The enzyme optimally worked at 50 °C, pH 4.0 with a specific activity of 6270 U/mg protein and 1030 raw starch-degrading (RSD) U/mg protein against soluble starch. Remarkably, HL11Amy exhibited activity toward both raw and gelatinized forms of various substrates, with the highest catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) on starch from rice, followed by potato and cassava, respectively. HL11Amy effectively hydrolyzed cassava pulp (CP) hydrolysis, with a reducing sugar yield of 736 and 183 mg/g starch from gelatinized and raw CP, equivalent to 72% and 18% conversion based on starch content in the substrate, respectively. These demonstrated that HL11Amy represents a promising raw starch-degrading enzyme with potential applications in starch modification and cassava pulp saccharification.
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17
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Steinke N, Vidal‐Melgosa S, Schultz‐Johansen M, Hehemann J. Biocatalytic quantification of α‐glucan in marine particulate organic matter. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1289. [PMID: 35765187 PMCID: PMC9134812 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae drive the marine carbon cycle, converting carbon dioxide into organic material. A major component of this produced biomass is a variety of glycans. Marine α‐glucans include a range of storage glycans from red and green algae, bacteria, fungi, and animals. Although these compounds are likely to account for a high amount of the carbon stored in the oceans they have not been quantified in marine samples so far. Here we present a method to extract and quantify α‐glucans (and compare it with the β‐glucan laminarin) in particulate organic matter from algal cultures and environmental samples using sequential physicochemical extraction and enzymes as α‐glucan‐specific probes. This enzymatic assay is more specific and less susceptible to side reactions than chemical hydrolysis. Using HPAEC‐PAD to detect the hydrolysis products allows for a glycan quantification in particulate marine samples down to a concentration of ≈2 µg/L. We measured glucans in three cultured microalgae as well as in marine particulate organic matter from the North Sea and western North Atlantic Ocean. While the β‐glucan laminarin from diatoms and brown algae is an essential component of marine carbon turnover, our results further indicate the significant contribution of starch‐like α‐glucans to marine particulate organic matter. Henceforth, the combination of glycan‐linkage‐specific enzymes and chromatographic hydrolysis product detection can provide a powerful tool in the exploration of marine glycans and their role in the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Steinke
- MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and ChemistryUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremenGermany
| | - Silvia Vidal‐Melgosa
- MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and ChemistryUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremenGermany
| | - Mikkel Schultz‐Johansen
- MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and ChemistryUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremenGermany
| | - Jan‐Hendrik Hehemann
- MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and ChemistryUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremenGermany
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18
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Song W, Tong Y, Li Y, Tao J, Li J, Zhou J, Liu S. Expression and characterization of a raw-starch glucoamylase from Aspergillus fumigatus. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Zhang L, Zhong L, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Dong W, Ye X, Huang Y, Li Z, Cui Z. Efficient hydrolysis of raw starch by a maltohexaose-forming α-amylase from Corallococcus sp. EGB. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Ariaeenejad S, Zolfaghari B, Sadeghian Motahar SF, Kavousi K, Maleki M, Roy S, Hosseini Salekdeh G. Highly Efficient Computationally Derived Novel Metagenome α-Amylase With Robust Stability Under Extreme Denaturing Conditions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713125. [PMID: 34526977 PMCID: PMC8437397 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Amylases are among the very critical enzymes used for different industrial purposes. Most α-amylases cannot accomplish the requirement of industrial conditions and easily lose their activity in harsh environments. In this study, a novel α-amylase named PersiAmy1 has been identified through the multistage in silico screening pipeline from the rumen metagenomic data. The long-term storage of PersiAmy1 in low and high temperatures demonstrated 82.13 and 71.01% activities after 36 days of incubation at 4 and 50°C, respectively. The stable α-amylase retained 61.09% of its activity after 180 min of incubation at 90°C and was highly stable in a broad pH range, showing 60.48 and 86.05% activities at pH 4.0 and pH 9.0 after 180 min of incubation, respectively. Also, the enzyme could resist the high-salinity condition and demonstrated 88.81% activity in the presence of 5 M NaCl. PersiAmy1 showed more than 74% activity in the presence of various metal ions. The addition of the detergents, surfactants, and organic solvents did not affect the α-amylase activity considerably. Substrate spectrum analysis showed that PersiAmy1 could act on a wide array of substrates. PersiAmy1 showed high stability in inhibitors and superb activity in downstream conditions, thus useful in detergent and baking industries. Investigating the applicability in detergent formulation, PersiAmy1 showed more than 69% activity after incubation with commercial detergents at different temperatures (30–50°C) and retained more than 56% activity after incubation with commercial detergents for 3 h at 10°C. Furthermore, the results of the wash performance analysis exhibited a good stain removal at 10°C. The power of PersiAmy1 in the bread industry revealed soft, chewable crumbs with improved volume and porosity compared with control. This study highlights the intense power of robust novel PersiAmy1 as a functional bio-additive in many industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behrouz Zolfaghari
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Sadeghian Motahar
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics, Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Maleki
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Swapnoneel Roy
- School of Computing, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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Fan Q, Zhang L, Dong C, Zhong L, Fang X, Huan M, Ye X, Huang Y, Li Z, Cui Z. Novel Malto‐Oligosaccharide‐Producing Amylase AmyAc from
Archangium
sp. Strain AC19 and Its Catalytic Properties. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Linli Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- Guangzhou Hanyun Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd. Guangzhou 510000 P. R. China
| | - Minghui Huan
- Microbial Research Institute of Liaoning Province Chaoyang P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture College of Life Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
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22
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Kherouf M, Habbeche A, Benamia F, Saoudi B, Kerouaz B, Ladjama A. Statistical optimization of a novel extracellular alkaline and thermostable amylase production from thermophilic Actinomadura keratinilytica sp. Cpt29 and its potential application in detergent industry. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Ubiquitousness of Haloferax and Carotenoid Producing Genes in Arabian Sea Coastal Biosystems of India. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080442. [PMID: 34436281 PMCID: PMC8400781 DOI: 10.3390/md19080442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a comparative analysis of halophiles from the global open sea and coastal biosystems through shotgun metagenomes (n = 209) retrieved from public repositories. The open sea was significantly enriched with Prochlorococcus and Candidatus pelagibacter. Meanwhile, coastal biosystems were dominated by Marinobacter and Alcanivorax. Halophilic archaea Haloarcula and Haloquandratum, predominant in the coastal biosystem, were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in coastal biosystems compared to the open sea. Analysis of whole genomes (n = 23,540), retrieved from EzBioCloud, detected crtI in 64.66% of genomes, while cruF was observed in 1.69% Bacteria and 40.75% Archaea. We further confirmed the viability and carotenoid pigment production by pure culture isolation (n = 1351) of extreme halophiles from sediments (n = 410 × 3) sampling at the Arabian coastline of India. All red-pigmented isolates were represented exclusively by Haloferax, resistant to saturated NaCl (6 M), and had >60% G + C content. Multidrug resistance to tetracycline, gentamicin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol were also observed. Our study showed that coastal biosystems could be more suited for bioprospection of halophiles rather than the open sea.
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24
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Xia C, Zhong L, Wang J, Zhang L, Chen X, Ji H, Ma S, Dong W, Ye X, Huang Y, Li Z, Cui Z. Structural and digestion properties of potato starch modified using an efficient starch branching enzyme AqGBE. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:551-557. [PMID: 34171255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Modified potato starch with slower digestion may aid the development of new starch derivatives with improved nutritional values, and strategies to increase nutritional fractions such as resistant starch (RS) are desired. In this study, a correspondence between starch structure and enzymatic resistance was provided based on the efficient branching enzyme AqGBE, and modified starches with different amylose content (Control, 100%; PS1, 90%; PS2, 72%; PS3, 32%; PS4, 18%) were prepared. Through SEM observation, NMR and X-ray diffraction analyses, we identified that an increased proportion of α-1,6-linked branches in potato starch changes its state of granule into large pieces with crystallinity. Molecular weight and chain-length distribution analysis showed a decrease of molecular weight (from 1.1 × 106 to 1.1 × 105 g/mol) without an obvious change of chain-length distribution in PS1, while PS2-4 exhibited an increased proportion of DP 6-12 with a stable molecular weight distribution, indicating a distinct model of structural modification by AqGBE. The enhancement of peak viscosity was related to increased hydrophobic interactions and pieces state of PS1, while the contents of SDS and RS in PS1 increased by 37.7 and 49.4%, respectively. Our result provides an alternative way to increase the RS content of potato starch by branching modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lingli Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaopei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hangyan Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiyun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Al-Amri A, Al-Ghamdi MA, Khan JA, Altayeb HN, Alsulami H, Sajjad M, Baothman OA, Nadeem MS. Escherichia coli expression and characterization of α-amylase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e239449. [PMID: 34105678 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.239449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha amylase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch is a ubiquitous enzyme with tremendous industrial applications. A 1698 bp gene coding for 565 amino acid amylase was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, cloned in pET21a (+) plasmid, expressed in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli and characterized. The recombinant enzyme exhibited molecular weight of 63 kDa, optimum pH 8, optimum temperature 70°C, and KM value of 157.7µM. On pilot scale, the purified enzyme efficiently removed up to 95% starch from the cotton fabric indicating its desizing ability at high temperature. 3D model of enzyme built by Raptor-X and validated by Ramachandran plot appeared as a monomer having 31% α-helices, 15% β-sheets, and 52% loops. Docking studies have shown the best binding affinity of enzyme with amylopectin (∆G -10.59). According to our results, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276, and Arg175 constitute the potential active site of enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Amri
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Al-Ghamdi
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - J A Khan
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H N Altayeb
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Alsulami
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Sajjad
- University of the Punjab, School of Biological Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - O A Baothman
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Nadeem
- King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Characterization of SdGA, a cold-adapted glucoamylase from Saccharophagus degradans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e00625. [PMID: 34041001 PMCID: PMC8141877 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the structural and functional properties of SdGA, a glucoamylase (GA) from Saccharophagus degradans, a marine bacterium which degrades different complex polysaccharides at high rate. SdGA is composed mainly by a N-terminal GH15_N domain linked to a C-terminal catalytic domain (CD) found in the GH15 family of glycosylhydrolases with an overall structure similar to other bacterial GAs. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli cells, purified and its biochemical properties were investigated. Although SdGA has a maximum activity at 39 °C and pH 6.0, it also shows high activity in a wide range, from low to mild temperatures, like cold-adapted enzymes. Furthermore, SdGA has a higher content of flexible residues and a larger CD due to various amino acid insertions compared to other thermostable GAs. We propose that this novel SdGA, is a cold-adapted enzyme that might be suitable for use in different industrial processes that require enzymes which act at low or medium temperatures.
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27
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Discovering symbiosis in the supralittoral: bacterial metabarcoding analysis from the hepatopancreas of Orchestia and Tylos (Crustacea). Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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A Novel Digestive α-Amylase from Blue Crab ( Portunus segnis) Viscera: Purification, Biochemical Characterization and Application for the Improvement of Antioxidant Potential of Oat Flour. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031070. [PMID: 33499004 PMCID: PMC7865747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the purification and characterization of a digestive α-amylase from blue crab (Portunussegnis) viscera designated Blue Crab Amylase (BCA). The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and Sepharose mono Q anion exchange chromatography, with the final purification fold of 424.02, specific activity of 1390.8 U mg−1 and 27.8% recovery. BCA, showing a molecular weight of approximately 45 kDa, possesses desirable biotechnological features, such as optimal temperature of 50 °C, interesting thermal stability which is enhanced in the presence of starch, high stability towards surfactants (Tween 20, Tween 80 and Triton X-100), high specific activity, quite high storage and broad pH range stability. The enzyme displayed Km and Vmax values, of 7.5 ± 0.25 mg mL−1 and 2000 ± 23 μmol min−1 mg−1 for potato starch, respectively. It hydrolyzed various carbohydrates and produced maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose as the major end products of starch hydrolysis. In addition, the purified enzyme was successfully utilized for the improvement of the antioxidant potential of oat flour, which could be extended to other cereals. Interestingly, besides its suitability for application in different industrial sectors, especially food industries, the biochemical properties of BCA from the blue crab viscera provide novel features with other marine-derived enzymes and better understanding of the biodegradability of carbohydrates in marine environments, particularly in invasive alien crustaceans.
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Nwagu TN, Aoyagi H, Okolo B, Moneke A, Yoshida S. Citraconylation and maleylation on the catalytic and thermodynamic properties of raw starch saccharifying amylase from Aspergillus carbonarius. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04351. [PMID: 32671262 PMCID: PMC7339066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylase capable of raw starch digestion presents a cheap and easier means of reducing sugar generation from various starch sources. Unfortunately, its potential for use in numerous industrial processes is hindered by poor stability. In this work, chemical modification by acylation using citraconic anhydride (CA) and maleic anhydride (MA) was used to stabilize the raw starch saccharifying amylase from A. carbonarius. The effect of the anhydrides on the pH and thermal stability of the free amylase was investigated. Enzyme kinetics and thermodynamic studies of the free and modified amylase were also carried out. Blue shifts in fluorescent spectra were observed after modification with both anhydrides. Citraconylation led to increased affinity of the enzyme for raw potato starch, unlike maleylation. The activation energy (kJ mol−1) for enzyme inactivation was increased by 94.8% after modification with CA while only 17.9% increase was noted after modification with MA. Acylation led to an increase in Gibb's free energy and enthalpy while a reduction in entropy was observed. At 80 °C the half-life (h) was 5.92, 11.18 and 14.74 for free, MA and CA enzyme samples, respectively. These findings have potential value in all industries interested in starch conversion to sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu Nwamaka Nwagu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Hideki Aoyagi
- Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Bartholomew Okolo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Anene Moneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Shigeki Yoshida
- Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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