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Kim J, Harris KD, Kim IK, Shemesh S, Messer PW, Greenbaum G. Incorporating ecology into gene drive modelling. Ecol Lett 2023; 26 Suppl 1:S62-S80. [PMID: 37840022 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Gene drive technology, in which fast-spreading engineered drive alleles are introduced into wild populations, represents a promising new tool in the fight against vector-borne diseases, agricultural pests and invasive species. Due to the risks involved, gene drives have so far only been tested in laboratory settings while their population-level behaviour is mainly studied using mathematical and computational models. The spread of a gene drive is a rapid evolutionary process that occurs over timescales similar to many ecological processes. This can potentially generate strong eco-evolutionary feedback that could profoundly affect the dynamics and outcome of a gene drive release. We, therefore, argue for the importance of incorporating ecological features into gene drive models. We describe the key ecological features that could affect gene drive behaviour, such as population structure, life-history, environmental variation and mode of selection. We review previous gene drive modelling efforts and identify areas where further research is needed. As gene drive technology approaches the level of field experimentation, it is crucial to evaluate gene drive dynamics, potential outcomes, and risks realistically by including ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehee Kim
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Keith D Harris
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Isabel K Kim
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Shahar Shemesh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Philipp W Messer
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Gili Greenbaum
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Gene drive in species complexes: defining target organisms. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:154-164. [PMID: 35868886 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Engineered gene drives, which bias their own inheritance to increase in frequency in target populations, are being developed to control mosquito malaria vectors. Such mosquitoes can belong to complexes of both vector and nonvector species that can produce fertile interspecific hybrids, making vertical gene drive transfer (VGDT) to sibling species biologically plausible. While VGDT to other vectors could positively impact human health protection goals, VGDT to nonvectors might challenge biodiversity ones. Therefore, environmental risk assessment of gene drive use in species complexes invites more nuanced considerations of target organisms and nontarget organisms than for transgenes not intended to increase in frequency in target populations. Incorporating the concept of target species complexes offers more flexibility when assessing potential impacts from VGDT.
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Perfect association between spatial swarm segregation and the X-chromosome speciation island in hybridizing Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae populations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10800. [PMID: 35750745 PMCID: PMC9232630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The sibling species An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.s. are major malaria vectors thought to be undergoing sympatric speciation with gene flow. In the absence of intrinsic post-zygotic isolation between the two taxa, speciation is thought possible through the association of assortative mating and genomic regions protected from gene flow by recombination suppression. Such genomic islands of speciation have been described in pericentromeric regions of the X, 2L and 3L chromosomes. Spatial swarm segregation plays a major role in assortative mating between sympatric populations of the two species and, given their importance for speciation, genes responsible for such pre-mating reproductive barriers are expected to be protected within divergence islands. In this study 2063 male and 266 female An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.s. individuals from natural swarms in Burkina Faso, West Africa were sampled. These were genotyped at 16 speciation island SNPs, and characterized as non-hybrid individuals, F1 hybrids or recombinant F1+n backcrossed individuals. Their genotypes at each speciation island were associated with their participation in An. coluzzii and An. gambiae-like swarms. Despite extensive introgression between the two species, the X-island genotype of non-hybrid individuals (37.6%), F1 hybrids (0.1%) and F1+n recombinants (62.3%) of either sex perfectly associated to each swarm type. Associations between swarm type and the 3L and 2L speciation islands were weakened or broken down by introgression. The functional demonstration of a close association between spatial segregation behaviour and the X speciation island lends further support to sympatric speciation models facilitated by pericentric recombination suppression in this important species complex.
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Baeshen R. Swarming Behavior in Anopheles gambiae (sensu lato): Current Knowledge and Future Outlook. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:56-66. [PMID: 34617121 PMCID: PMC8755986 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective management of insect disease vectors requires a detailed understanding of their ecology and behavior. In Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) (Diptera: Culicidae) mating occurs during swarming, but knowledge of their mating behavior under natural conditions is limited. Mosquitoes mate in flight over specific landmarks, known as swarm markers, at particular locations. Swarms consist of males; the females usually approach the swarm and depart following copulation. The number of mating pairs per swarm is closely associated with swarm size. The shape and height of swarm markers vary and may depend on the environmental conditions at the swarm's location. Male-male interactions in mosquito swarms with similar levels of attractive flight activity can offer a mating advantage to some individuals. Flight tone is used by mosquitoes to recognize the other sex and choose a desirable mate. Clarifying these and other aspects of mosquito reproductive behavior can facilitate the development of population control measures that target swarming sites. This review describes what is currently known about swarming behavior in Anopheles gambiae s.l., including swarm characteristics; mating within and outside of swarms, insemination in females, and factors affecting and stimulating swarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowida Baeshen
- Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Niang A, Sawadogo SP, Millogo AA, Akpodiete NO, Dabiré RK, Tripet F, Diabaté A. Entomological baseline data collection and power analyses in preparation of a mosquito swarm-killing intervention in south-western Burkina Faso. Malar J 2021; 20:346. [PMID: 34425839 PMCID: PMC8381508 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticides are currently the main tools used to reduce the transmission of malaria; therefore, the development of resistance to insecticides in malaria vectors is of major concern for malaria control. The resistance level to pyrethroids is particularly high in the Western region of Burkina Faso and may affect the efficacy of insecticidal bed nets and indoor residual spraying. Adult mosquito swarming and other nocturnal behaviours exhibit spatial and temporal patterns that suggest potential vulnerability to targeted space spraying with effective insecticides. Indeed, targeted space-spraying against adult mosquito swarms has been used to crash mosquito populations and disrupt malaria transmission. Methods Prior to impact assessment of swarm killing, a baseline data collection was conducted from June to November 2016 in 10 villages divided into two areas in western Burkina Faso. The data considered both ecological and demographic characteristics to monitor the key entomological parameters. Results The mean number of swarms observed was 35 per village, ranging from 25 to 70 swarms according to the village. Female density in both areas varied significantly as a function of the village and the period of collection. The human biting rate was significantly affected by the period of collection and depended upon whether the collection was carried out indoors or outdoors. Averages of parity rate were high in both areas for all periods of collection, ranging from 60 to 90%. These values ranged from 80 to 100% for inseminated females. Sporozoite rates ranged between 1.6 and 7.2% depending upon the village. The molecular identification of resting and swarming mosquitoes showed the presence of the three major malaria vectors in Burkina Faso, but in different proportions for each village. Conclusions The distribution of the potential swarm markers and swarms in villages suggested that swarms are clustered across space, making intervention easier. Power simulations showed that the direct sampling of swarms provides the highest statistical power, thereby reducing the number of villages needed for a trial. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-021-03877-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Niang
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Simon P Sawadogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul A Millogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Institut des Sciences des Sociétés (INSS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nwamaka O Akpodiete
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Roch K Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Frederic Tripet
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Cuticular hydrocarbons are associated with mating success and insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:911. [PMID: 34312484 PMCID: PMC8313523 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anopheles coluzzii females, important malaria vectors in Africa, mate only once in their lifetime. Mating occurs in aerial swarms with a high male-to-female ratio, where traits underlying male mating success are largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) influence mating success in natural mating swarms in Burkina Faso. As insecticides are widely used in this area for malaria control, we also determined whether CHCs affect insecticide resistance levels. We find that mated males have higher CHC abundance than unmated controls, suggesting CHCs could be determinants of mating success. Additionally, mated males have higher insecticide resistance under pyrethroid challenge, and we show a link between resistance intensity and CHC abundance. Taken together, our results suggest that CHC abundance may be subject to sexual selection in addition to selection by insecticide pressure. This has implications for insecticide resistance management, as these traits may be sustained in the population due to their benefits in mating even in the absence of insecticides. In this study, Adams et al. investigate the effect of cuticular hydrocarbons on mating success in natural mosquito mating swarms. These hydrocarbons confer both higher mating success and increased resistance to pyrethroid, suggesting sexual selection for insecticide resistance in this population secondary to mating success.
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Guindo A, Epopa PS, Doumbia S, Millogo AA, Diallo B, Yao FA, Yagoure B, Tripet F, Diabate A, Coulibaly MB. Improved BioGents® Sentinel trap with heat (BGSH) for outdoor collections of Anopheline species in Burkina Faso and Mali, West Africa. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:82. [PMID: 33509273 PMCID: PMC7842058 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the late 1990s, malaria control programmes have relied extensively on mass bednet distribution and indoor residual spraying. Both interventions use pesticides and target mosquitoes coming indoors either to feed or to rest. Unfortunately, these intensified vector control campaigns have resulted in mosquito populations with high levels of resistance to most of the chemical compounds used against them and which are increasingly exophagic and exophillic, hence difficult to monitor indoors. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel tools to sample outdoor anopheline populations for monitoring interventions and disease surveillance programmes. METHODOLOGIES In this study, we tested several modifications and configurations of the BioGents® Sentinel (BGS) trap, designed with the aim to increase its efficacy for sampling malaria vector species. Traps were used with chemical attractants and CO2, and the impacts of trap position, trap colour contrast combination and the addition of a heat source were tested in two studies conducted in the Sudano-Sahelian region of Burkina Faso and Mali. RESULTS The results show that of all the configurations tested, the addition of a heat source to the BGS trap with the original colour combination and an upward positioning resulted in a 1.8- and 5.9-fold increase in host-seeking Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) females in the experiments performed in Burkina Faso and Mali, respectively. BGS with heat traps, referred to as BGSH traps, captured An. gambiae (s.l.), An. pharoensis, An. coustani, Culex and Mansonia spp. Importantly, the results suggest that their efficacy does not depend on the close proximity of nearby hosts in houses. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that BGSH traps can be an effective scalable tool for sampling outdoor anopheline vector populations. Further developments enabling CO2 and heat generation for longer periods of time would further improve the trap's versatility for large-scale surveillance programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadou Guindo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Sidy Doumbia
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoul-Azize Millogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Institut des Sciences des Sociétés, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Brehima Diallo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Franck Adama Yao
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Bilkissou Yagoure
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Frederic Tripet
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK.
| | - Abdoulaye Diabate
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Gueye OK, Tchouakui M, Dia AK, Faye MB, Ahmed AA, Wondji MJ, Nguiffo DN, J. Mugenzi LM, Tripet F, Konaté L, Diabate A, Dia I, Gaye O, Faye O, Niang EHA, S. Wondji C. Insecticide Resistance Profiling of Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae Populations in the Southern Senegal: Role of Target Sites and Metabolic Resistance Mechanisms. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1403. [PMID: 33255805 PMCID: PMC7760107 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of insecticide resistance among the main malaria vectors is threatening the effectiveness of vector control interventions in Senegal. The main drivers of this resistance in the Anopheles gambiae complex (e.g., An. gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii) remains poorly characterized in Senegal. Here we characterized the main target site and metabolic resistances mechanisms among the An. gambiae and An. coluzzii populations from their sympatric and allopatric or predominance area in Senegal. Larvae and pupae of An. gambiae s.l. were collected, reared to adulthood, and then used for insecticides susceptibility and synergist assays using the WHO (World Health Organisation) test kits for adult mosquitoes. The TaqMan method was used for the molecular characterization of the main target site insecticide resistance mechanisms (Vgsc-1014F, Vgsc-1014S, N1575Y and G119S). A RT-qPCR (Reverse Transcriptase-quantitative Polymerase Chaine Reaction) was performed to estimate the level of genes expression belonging to the CYP450 (Cytochrome P450) family. Plasmodium infection rate was investigated using TaqMan method. High levels of resistance to pyrethroids and DDT and full susceptibility to organophosphates and carbamates where observed in all three sites, excepted a probable resistance to bendiocarb in Kedougou. The L1014F, L1014S, and N1575Y mutations were found in both species. Pre-exposure to the PBO (Piperonyl butoxide) synergist induced a partial recovery of susceptibility to permethrin and full recovery to deltamethrin. Subsequent analysis of the level of genes expression, revealed that the CYP6Z1 and CYP6Z2 genes were over-expressed in wild-resistant mosquitoes compared to the reference susceptible strain (Kisumu), suggesting that both the metabolic resistance and target site mutation involving kdr mutations are likely implicated in this pyrethroid resistance. The presence of both target-site and metabolic resistance mechanisms in highly pyrethroid-resistant populations of An. gambiae s.l. from Senegal threatens the effectiveness and the sustainability of the pyrethroid-based tools and interventions currently deployed in the country. The Kdr-west mutation is widely widespread in An. coluzzii sympatric population. PBO or Duo nets and IRS (Indoor Residual Spraying) with organophosphates could be used as an alternative measure to sustain malaria control in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumou. K. Gueye
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - Magellan Tchouakui
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde BP 13591, Cameroon; (M.T.); (M.J.W.); (D.N.N.); (L.M.J.M.)
| | - Abdoulaye K. Dia
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - Mouhamed B. Faye
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - Amblat A. Ahmed
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - Murielle J. Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde BP 13591, Cameroon; (M.T.); (M.J.W.); (D.N.N.); (L.M.J.M.)
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Daniel N. Nguiffo
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde BP 13591, Cameroon; (M.T.); (M.J.W.); (D.N.N.); (L.M.J.M.)
| | - Leon. M. J. Mugenzi
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde BP 13591, Cameroon; (M.T.); (M.J.W.); (D.N.N.); (L.M.J.M.)
| | - Frederic Tripet
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Lassana Konaté
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - Abdoulaye Diabate
- Centre Muraz/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso;
| | - Ibrahima Dia
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal;
| | - Oumar Gaye
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et d’Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal;
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - El Hadji A. Niang
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - Charles S. Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde BP 13591, Cameroon; (M.T.); (M.J.W.); (D.N.N.); (L.M.J.M.)
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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Niang A, Sawadogo SP, Dabiré RK, Tripet F, Diabaté A. Assessment of the ecologically dependent post-zygotic isolation between Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240625. [PMID: 33119635 PMCID: PMC7595400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the Anopheles gambiae complex, the sibling species An. coluzzii and An. gambiae are undergoing sympatric speciation. These species are characterized by rare hybrids in most of their geographical distribution. A strong assortative mating mediated by spatial swarm segregation has been shown whereas no intrinsic post-zygotic barriers have been found in laboratory conditions. To test the role of the hybridisation in reproductive isolation in natural populations transplant experiment are therefore needed to establish the significance of post-zygotic barriers. Previous studies indicated that predation is one of the major forces driving ecological divergence between An. gambiae and An. coluzzii. Here we extended these studies to their hybrids. Parental species and their F1 hybrids from reciprocal crosses were generated by the forced-mating technique as follows: female An. coluzzii × male An. coluzzii; female An. coluzzii × male An. gambiae; female An. gambiae × male An. coluzzii and female An. gambiae × Male An. gambiae. First instar larvae of each group from the crossing (here after An. coluzzii, Hybrid COL/GAM, Hybrid GAM/COL and An. gambiae, respectively) were transplanted in a field experiment with predation effect. Emergence success, development time of larvae and body size of the newly emerging adults were estimated as fitness components and then compared between parental species and F1 hybrids in absence and in presence of predators. Our findings confirm that An. coluzzii had higher fitness than An. gambiae in presence of predators versus in absence of predators. Moreover, the fitness of the F1 hybrid COL/GAM whose female parent was An. coluzzii matched that of An. coluzzii while that of the F1 reciprocal hybrid GAM/COL was similar to An. gambiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Niang
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roch K. Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Frederic Tripet
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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10
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Epopa PS, Millogo AA, Collins CM, North AR, Benedict MQ, Tripet F, OʼLoughlin S, Dabiré RK, Ouédraogo GA, Diabaté A. Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) is found where few are looking: assessing mosquito diversity and density outside inhabited areas using diverse sampling methods. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:516. [PMID: 33059722 PMCID: PMC7558606 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the promising current approaches to curb malaria lies in genetic vector control, the implementation of which will require an improved understanding of the movement of genetic constructs among mosquito populations. To predict potential gene flow from one area to another, it is important to begin to understand mosquito dynamics outside of the commonly-sampled village areas, and thus how genes may move between villages. This study assessed the presence and relative abundance of mosquitoes in a 6-km corridor between two villages in western Burkina Faso. METHODS The area surrounding the villages was mapped and the road between them was used as the basis of a transect along which to sample. Five collection points were placed along this transect. To investigate both larval and adult mosquito presence, multiple sampling approaches were used surrounding each point: searching for larval sites in an area of 500 m radius, swarm sampling, human landing catches (HLC), CDC light traps and backpack aspiration catches of potential resting sites. Sampling took place twice: in September and October 2015. RESULTS Adult mosquitoes from six species of Anopheles and three other genera were found along the whole transect. Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) was the most abundant followed by Anopheles nili and Anopheles coustani. Larvae of Anopheles spp. were found in small pools of surface water along the whole transect, though their presence increased with human proximity. HLC and aspiration were the most efficient methods of collecting adult mosquitoes along the whole transect, indicating that there are both host-seeking and resting mosquitoes well away from core village areas. In contrast, swarms of male mosquitoes, thought to be the principle mating locations of Anopheles spp. mosquitoes in West Africa, were only found close to the core village areas. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study indicates that Anopheles spp. mosquitoes are both present and breeding in low human-density areas along transit axes and provides both a relative evaluation of methods for use in these areas and evidence that gene flow between Sahelian population centres is likely. More robust and structured studies are nevertheless needed to come with stronger conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Stephane Epopa
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | | | | | - Ace R North
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Frederic Tripet
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | | | - Roch K Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Georges Anicet Ouédraogo
- Laboratoire de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Santé et Biotechnologies Animales, Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Beeton NJ, Hosack GR, Wilkins A, Forbes LK, Ickowicz A, Hayes KR. Modelling competition between hybridising subspecies. J Theor Biol 2019; 486:110072. [PMID: 31706913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The geographic niches of many species are dramatically changing as a result of environmental and anthropogenic impacts such as global climate change and the introduction of invasive species. In particular, genetically compatible subspecies that were once geographically separated are being reintroduced to one another. This is of concern for conservation, where rare or threatened subspecies could be bred out by hybridising with their more common relatives, and for commercial interests, where the stock or quality of desirable harvested species could be compromised. It is also relevant to disease ecology, where disease transmission is heterogeneous among subspecies and hybridisation may affect the rate and spatial spread of disease. We develop and investigate a mathematical model to combine competitive effects via the Lotka-Volterra model with hybridisation effects via mate choice. The species complex is structured into two classes: a subspecies of interest (named x), and other subspecies including any hybrids produced (named y). We show that in the absence of limit cycles the model has four possible equilibrium outcomes, representing every combination: total extinction, x-dominance (y extinct), y-dominance (x extinct), and at most a single coexistence equilibrium. We give conditions for which limit cycles cannot exist, then further show that the "total extinction" equilibrium is always unstable, that y-dominance is always stable, and that the other equilibria have stability depending on the model parameters. We demonstrate that both x-dominance and coexistence are achievable under a wide range of parameter values and initial conditions, which corresponds with empirical evidence of known competing-hybridising systems. We then briefly examine bifurcation behaviour. In particular, we note that a subcritical bifurcation is possible in which a "catastrophic" transition from x-dominance to y-dominance can occur, representing an invasion event. Finally, we briefly examine the common complication of time-varying carrying capacity, showing that such a case can make coexistence more likely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Wilkins
- CSIRO, Queensland Centre for Advanced Technologies, 1 Technology Court, Pullenvale, QLD 4069, Australia
| | - Lawrence K Forbes
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Adrien Ickowicz
- CSIRO, 3 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004, Australia
| | - Keith R Hayes
- CSIRO, 3 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004, Australia
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12
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Epopa PS, Collins CM, North A, Millogo AA, Benedict MQ, Tripet F, Diabate A. Seasonal malaria vector and transmission dynamics in western Burkina Faso. Malar J 2019; 18:113. [PMID: 30940141 PMCID: PMC6444393 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of widespread mosquito resistance to currently available pesticides, novel, precise genetic vector control methods aimed at population suppression or trait replacement are a potentially powerful approach that could complement existing malaria elimination interventions. Such methods require knowledge of vector population composition, dynamics, behaviour and role in transmission. Here were characterized these parameters in three representative villages, Bana, Pala and Souroukoudingan, of the Sudano-Sahelian belt of Burkina Faso, a region where bed net campaigns have recently intensified. METHODS From July 2012 to November 2015, adult mosquitoes were collected monthly using pyrethroid spray catches (PSC) and human landing catches (HLC) in each village. Larval habitat prospections assessed breeding sites abundance at each site. Mosquitoes collected by PSC were identified morphologically, and then by molecular technique to species where required, to reveal the seasonal dynamics of local vectors. Monthly entomological inoculation rates (EIR) that reflect malaria transmission dynamics were estimated by combining the HLC data with mosquito sporozoite infection rates (SIR) identified through ELISA-CSP. Finally, population and EIR fluctuations were fit to locally-collected rainfall data to highlight the strong seasonal determinants of mosquito abundance and malaria transmission in this region. RESULTS The principal malaria vectors found were in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Mosquito abundance peaked during the rainy season, but there was variation in vector species composition between villages. Mean survey HLC and SIR were similar across villages and ranged from 18 to 48 mosquitoes/person/night and from 3.1 to 6.6% prevalence. The resulting monthly EIRs were extremely high during the rainy season (0.91-2.35 infectious bites/person/day) but decreased substantially in the dry season (0.03-0.22). Vector and malaria transmission dynamics generally tracked seasonal rainfall variations, and the highest mosquito abundances and EIRs occurred in the rainy season. However, despite low residual mosquito populations, mosquitoes infected with malaria parasites remained present in the dry season. CONCLUSION These results highlight the important vector control challenge facing countries with high EIR despite the recent campaigns of bed net distribution. As demonstrated in these villages, malaria transmission is sustained for large parts of the year by a very high vector abundance and high sporozoite prevalence, resulting in seasonal patterns of hyper and hypo-endemicity. There is, therefore, an urgent need for additional vector control tools that can target endo and exophillic mosquito populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Stephane Epopa
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | | | - Ace North
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Frederic Tripet
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Abdoulaye Diabate
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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13
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Raban R, Akbari OS. Gene drives may be the next step towards sustainable control of malaria. Pathog Glob Health 2018; 111:399-400. [PMID: 29566584 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2017.1453587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Raban
- a Section of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Omar S Akbari
- a Section of Cell and Developmental Biology , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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14
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Hidalgo K, Montazeau C, Siaussat D, Braman V, Trabalon M, Simard F, Renault D, Dabiré RK, Mouline K. Distinct physiological, biochemical and morphometric adjustments in the malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and A. coluzzii as means to survive dry season conditions in Burkina Faso. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.174433. [PMID: 29378815 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.174433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aestivation and dispersive migration are the two strategies evoked in the literature to explain the way in which malaria vectors Anopheles coluzzii and A. gambiae survive the harsh climatic conditions of the dry season in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the physiological mechanisms regulating these two strategies are unknown. In the present study, mosquito species were exposed to controlled environmental conditions mimicking the rainy and dry seasons of south western Burkina Faso. Survival strategies were studied through morphometric (wing length), ecophysiological (respiratory gas exchanges), biochemical (cuticular hydrocarbons composition) and molecular (AKH mRNA expression levels) parameters, variations of which are usually considered to be hallmarks of aestivation and dispersion mechanisms in various insects. Our results showed that ecophysiological and morphometric adjustments are made in both species to prevent water losses during the dry season. However, the usual metabolic rate modifications expected as signatures of aestivation and migration were not observed, highlighting specific and original physiological mechanisms sustaining survival in malaria mosquitoes during the dry season. Differences in epicuticular hydrocarbon composition and AKH levels of expression were found between the permanent and temporary A. coluzzii populations, illustrating the great phenotypic plasticity of this mosquito species. Altogether, our work underlines the diverse and complex pattern of changes occurring in the two mosquito species and at the population level to cope with the dry season and highlights potential targets of future control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hidalgo
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205 35042 Rennes, Cedex, France .,INRA UR370 QuaPA, MASS Group, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - C Montazeau
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier 1-Université de Montpellier 2 MIVEGEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - D Siaussat
- UMR 7618 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 4 Place Jussieu, Tour 44-45, 3ème étage, 75005 Paris, France
| | - V Braman
- UMR 7618 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 4 Place Jussieu, Tour 44-45, 3ème étage, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Trabalon
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6552 Ethologie animale et humaine, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - F Simard
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier 1-Université de Montpellier 2 MIVEGEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - D Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205 35042 Rennes, Cedex, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - R K Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Direction Régionale de l'Ouest (DRO), 399 Avenue de la Liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - K Mouline
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier 1-Université de Montpellier 2 MIVEGEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Direction Régionale de l'Ouest (DRO), 399 Avenue de la Liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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15
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Pombi M, Kengne P, Gimonneau G, Tene-Fossog B, Ayala D, Kamdem C, Santolamazza F, Guelbeogo WM, Sagnon N, Petrarca V, Fontenille D, Besansky NJ, Antonio-Nkondjio C, Dabiré RK, Della Torre A, Simard F, Costantini C. Dissecting functional components of reproductive isolation among closely related sympatric species of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Evol Appl 2017; 10:1102-1120. [PMID: 29151864 PMCID: PMC5680640 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Explaining how and why reproductive isolation evolves and determining which forms of reproductive isolation have the largest impact on the process of population divergence are major goals in the study of speciation. By studying recent adaptive radiations in incompletely isolated taxa, it is possible to identify barriers involved at early divergence before other confounding barriers emerge after speciation is complete. Sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae complex offer opportunities to provide insights into speciation mechanisms. Here, we studied patterns of reproductive isolation among three taxa, Anopheles coluzzii, An. gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis, to compare its strength at different spatial scales, to dissect the relative contribution of pre‐ versus postmating isolation, and to infer the involvement of ecological divergence on hybridization. Because F1 hybrids are viable, fertile and not uncommon, understanding the dynamics of hybridization in this trio of major malaria vectors has important implications for how adaptations arise and spread across the group, and in planning studies of the safety and efficacy of gene drive as a means of malaria control. We first performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published surveys reporting on hybrid prevalence, showing strong reproductive isolation at a continental scale despite geographically restricted exceptions. Second, we exploited our own extensive field data sets collected at a regional scale in two contrasting environmental settings, to assess: (i) levels of premating isolation; (ii) spatio/temporal and frequency‐dependent dynamics of hybridization, (iii) relationship between reproductive isolation and ecological divergence and (iv) hybrid viability penalty. Results are in accordance with ecological speciation theory predicting a positive association between the strength of reproductive isolation and degree of ecological divergence, and indicate that postmating isolation does contribute to reproductive isolation among these species. Specifically, only postmating isolation was positively associated with ecological divergence, whereas premating isolation was correlated with phylogenetic distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pombi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie InfettiveUniversità di Roma "Sapienza"RomeItaly.,Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti Rome Italy
| | - Pierre Kengne
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS 5290 IRD 224) Centre IRD de Montpellier Montpellier France.,Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé Cameroon
| | | | - Billy Tene-Fossog
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS 5290 IRD 224) Centre IRD de Montpellier Montpellier France.,Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Diego Ayala
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS 5290 IRD 224) Centre IRD de Montpellier Montpellier France.,Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville Franceville Gabon
| | - Colince Kamdem
- Department of Entomology University of California Riverside CA USA
| | - Federica Santolamazza
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie InfettiveUniversità di Roma "Sapienza"RomeItaly.,Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti Rome Italy
| | | | - N'Falé Sagnon
- Centre National de Recherche et Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
| | - Vincenzo Petrarca
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie InfettiveUniversità di Roma "Sapienza"RomeItaly.,Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti Rome Italy
| | - Didier Fontenille
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS 5290 IRD 224) Centre IRD de Montpellier Montpellier France.,Institut Pasteur du Cambodge Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Nora J Besansky
- Eck Institute for Global Health & Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA
| | | | - Roch Kounbobr Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie InfettiveUniversità di Roma "Sapienza"RomeItaly.,Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti Rome Italy
| | - Frédéric Simard
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS 5290 IRD 224) Centre IRD de Montpellier Montpellier France.,Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé Cameroon.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso
| | - Carlo Costantini
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS 5290 IRD 224) Centre IRD de Montpellier Montpellier France.,Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé Cameroon.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso
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