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Zhao D, Suo J, Liang L, Liang R, Zhou R, Ding J, Liu X, Suo X, Zhang S, Tang X. Innovative prevention and control of coccidiosis: targeting sporogony for new control agent development. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104246. [PMID: 39260244 PMCID: PMC11416347 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is one of the most significant diseases affecting the poultry industry, with recent estimates indicating that it causes annual losses exceeding £10 billion globally. Increasing concerns over drug residues and resistance have elevated the importance of safe and effective vaccines as the primary method for controlling coccidiosis and other animal diseases. However, current commercial live vaccines for coccidiosis can negatively impact the feed conversion rates of young broilers and induce subclinical symptoms of coccidiosis, limiting their widespread adoption. Eimeria species, the causative agents of coccidiosis, exhibit unique biological characteristics. Their life cycle involves 2 or more generations of schizogony and 1 generation of gametogony within the host, followed by sporogony in a suitable external environment. Sporogony is crucial for Eimeria oocysts to become infectious and propagate within the host. Focusing on the sporogony process of Eimeria presents a promising approach to overcoming technical challenges in the efficient control of coccidiosis, addressing the urgent need for sustainable and healthy farming practices. This paper systematically reviews existing control strategies for coccidiosis, identifies current challenges, and emphasizes the research progress and future directions in developing control agents targeting sporogony. The goal is to provide guidance for the formulation of scientific prevention and control measures for coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North) & Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products and Chemical Drugs of MARA, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jingxia Suo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the MARA, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North) & Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products and Chemical Drugs of MARA, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruiying Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North) & Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products and Chemical Drugs of MARA, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rongqiong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North) & Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products and Chemical Drugs of MARA, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the MARA, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xun Suo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the MARA, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sixin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xinming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North) & Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Products and Chemical Drugs of MARA, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Duan C, Abudureheman T, Wang S, Suo J, Yu Y, Shi F, Liu X, Salama DB, Srivastav RK, Gupta N, Suo X. Expression of IL-1β in transgenic Eimeria necatrix enhances the immunogenicity of parasites and promotes mucosal immunity against coccidiosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1435702. [PMID: 39221251 PMCID: PMC11361970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1435702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticoccidial vaccines comprising living oocysts of Eimeria tenella, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria acervulina are used to control coccidiosis. This study explored the potential of IL-1β to act as a molecular adjuvant for enhancing the immunogenicity of Eimeria necatrix and mucosal immunity. We engineered E. necatrix to express a functional chIL-1β (EnIL-1β) and immunized chickens with oocysts of the wild type (EnWT) and tranegenic (EnIL-1β) strains, respectively. The chickens were then challenged with EnWT oocysts to examine the immunogenicity-enhancing potential of chIL-1β. As expected, the oocyst output of EnIL-1β-immunized chickens was significantly reduced compared to those immunized using EnWT. No difference in body weight gain and lesion scores of EnIL-1β and EnWT groups was observed. The parasite load in the small intestine and caeca showed that the invasion and replication of EnIL-1β was not affected. However, the markers of immunogenicity and mucosal barrier, Claudin-1 and avian β-defensin-1, were elevated in EnIL-1β-infected chickens. Ectopic expression of chIL-1β in E. necatrix thus appears to improve its immunogenicity and mucosal immunity, without increasing pathogenicity. Our findings support chIL-1β as a candidate for development of effective live-oocyst-based anticoccidial vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tumalisi Abudureheman
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxia Suo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyun Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dina B Salama
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Intracellular Parasite Education And Research Labs (iPEARL), Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-P), Hyderabad, India
- Parasitology and Animal Disease Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ratnesh Kumar Srivastav
- Intracellular Parasite Education And Research Labs (iPEARL), Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-P), Hyderabad, India
| | - Nishith Gupta
- Intracellular Parasite Education And Research Labs (iPEARL), Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-P), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xun Suo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The complexity of parasites and their life cycles makes vaccination against parasitic diseases challenging. This review highlights this by discussing vaccination against four relevant parasites of poultry. Coccidia, i.e., Eimeria spp., are the most important parasites in poultry production, causing multiple billions of dollars of damage worldwide. Due to the trend of antibiotic-free broiler production, use of anticoccidia vaccines in broilers is becoming much more important. As of now, only live vaccines are on the market, almost all of which must be produced in birds. In addition, these live vaccines require extra care in the management of flocks to provide adequate protection and prevent the vaccines from causing damage. Considerable efforts to develop recombinant vaccines and related work to understand the immune response against coccidia have not yet resulted in an alternative. Leucozytozoon caulleryi is a blood parasite that is prevalent in East and South Asia. It is the only poultry parasite for which a recombinant vaccine has been developed and brought to market. Histomonas meleagridis causes typhlohepatitis in chickens and turkeys. The systemic immune response after intramuscular vaccination with inactivated parasites is not protective. The parasite can be grown and attenuated in vitro, but only together with bacteria. This and the necessary intracloacal application make the use of live vaccines difficult. So far, there have been no attempts to develop a recombinant vaccine against H. meleagridis. Inactivated vaccines inducing antibodies against the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae have the potential to control infestations with this parasite. Potential antigens for recombinant vaccines have been identified, but the use of whole-mite extracts yields superior results. In conclusion, while every parasite is unique, development of vaccines against them shares common problems, namely the difficulties of propagating them in vitro and the identification of protective antigens that might be used in recombinant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruediger Hauck
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849,
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Kenneth S Macklin
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
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Liu Q, Liu X, Zhao X, Zhu XQ, Suo X. Live attenuated anticoccidial vaccines for chickens. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:1087-1099. [PMID: 37770352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Chicken coccidiosis, caused by infection with single or multiple Eimeria species, results in significant economic losses to the global poultry industry. Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to generate attenuated Eimeria strains, and the use of live attenuated anticoccidial vaccines for disease prevention has achieved tremendous success. In this review, we evaluate the advantages and limitations of the methods of attenuation as well as attenuated Eimeria strains in a historical perspective. Also, we summarize the recent exciting research advances in transient/stable transfection systems and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing developed for Eimeria parasites, and discuss trends and challenges of developing live attenuated anticoccidial vaccines based on transgenesis and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province 030801, PR China
| | - Xianyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province 030801, PR China.
| | - Xun Suo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, PR China.
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Wu XJ, Gao J, Mu BJ, Yu LM, Wang ZR, Zheng WB, Gao WW, Zhu XQ, Liu Q. Transcriptomic analysis of LMH cells in response to the overexpression of a protein of Eimeria tenella encoded by the locus ETH_00028350. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1053701. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1053701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A protein of Eimeria tenella (encoded by the locus ETH_00028350) homologous to Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein 9, designated as EtHGRA9 hereafter, was reported to be expressed in all life cycle stages of E. tenella. However, no data are currently available regarding its functional properties. In the present study, a recombinant vector harboring a 741 bp gene segment encoding the mature form of EtHGRA9 was constructed and transfected into leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells. Then, transcriptomic analysis of the transfected LMH cells was carried out by using a high-throughput RNA-seq technology. The LMH cells overexpressing EtHGRA9 was validated by means of Western blotting as well as indirect immunofluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that the expression of 547 genes (275 upregulated genes and 272 downregulated genes) was altered by EtHGRA9. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation of the ten genes with differential expression between the two groups was consistent with the transcriptome analysis. According to pathway enrichment analysis for the obtained differentially expressed genes, seven pathways were significantly affected by EtHGRA9, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Our data reveal several possible roles of EtHGRA9 in immune or inflammatory responses, which paves the way for a better understanding of the molecular interplay between E. tenella and its host.
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Wang J, Wang X, Guan G, Yang J, Liu J, Liu A, Li Y, Luo J, Yin H. Stable transfection system for Babesia sp. Xinjiang. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:463. [PMID: 34503543 PMCID: PMC8428105 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stable transfection systems have been described in many protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium falciparum, Cryptosporidium parvum, Babesia bovis, Babesia ovata, and Babesia gibsoni. For Babesia sp. Xinjiang (Bxj), which is the causative pathogen of ovine babesiosis and mainly prevails across China, the platform of those techniques remains absent. Genetic manipulation techniques are powerful tools to enhance our knowledge on parasite biology, which may provide potential drug targets and diagnostic markers. METHODS We evaluated the inhibition efficiency of blasticidin (BSD) and WR99210 to Bxj. Then, a plasmid was constructed bearing selectable marker BSD, green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, and rhoptry-associated protein-1 3' terminator region (rap 3' TR). The plasmid was integrated into the elongation factor-1 alpha (ef-1α) site of Bxj genome by cross-over homologous recombination technique. Twenty μg of plasmid was transfected into Bxj merozoites. Subsequently, drug selection was performed 24 h after transfection to generate transfected parasites. RESULTS Transfected parasite lines, Bxj-c1, Bxj-c2, and Bxj-c3, were successfully obtained after transfection, drug selection, and colonization. Exogenous genes were integrated into the Bxj genome, which were confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing. In addition, results of western blot (WB) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed that GFP-BSD had expressed for 11 months. CONCLUSIONS In our present study, stable transfection system for Bxj was successfully developed. We anticipate that this platform will greatly facilitate basic research of Bxj.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Jifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Junlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Aihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Youquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Lee L, Samardzic K, Wallach M, Frumkin LR, Mochly-Rosen D. Immunoglobulin Y for Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications in Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696003. [PMID: 34177963 PMCID: PMC8220206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic drugs and vaccines are essential to maintaining the health of humans and animals. Yet, their production can be slow and expensive, and efficacy lost once pathogens mount resistance. Chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a highly conserved homolog of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) that has shown benefits and a favorable safety profile, primarily in animal models of human infectious diseases. IgY is fast-acting, easy to produce, and low cost. IgY antibodies can readily be generated in large quantities with minimal environmental harm or infrastructure investment by using egg-laying hens. We summarize a variety of IgY uses, focusing on their potential for the detection, prevention, and treatment of human and animal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kate Samardzic
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael Wallach
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Effects of α-glyceryl monolaurate on growth, immune function, volatile fatty acids, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100875. [PMID: 33516466 PMCID: PMC7936147 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary addition of α-glyceryl monolaurate (α-GML) on growth performance, immune function, volatile fatty acids production and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens. A total of 480 1-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned in equal numbers to 4 dietary treatments: basal diet (NCO) or supplementations with 30 mg/kg bacitracin (ANT), 500 mg/kg α-GML, or 1,000 mg/kg α-GML (GML2). And, each treatment contained 8 replicates with 15 chickens per replicate. After supplementation with α-GML, the total BW gain and average daily weight gain of broilers increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the broilers on the NCO diet. Moreover, compared with the NCO group, higher levels of immune globulin M and immune globulin Y were observed in both GML groups and the ANT group. Concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate in GML2 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the NCO group on day 28. However, acetate, propionate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations were reduced to significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those in the NCO group on day 56. The abundance and diversity of microbiota were found to be improved in broilers that were supplemented with GML, using operational taxonomic unit and diversity analyses. Furthermore, the GML treatments increased favorable microbiota, particularly acid-producing bacteria, on day 28 and, also, reduced opportunistic pathogens, such as Alistipes tidjanibacter and Bacteroides dorei by day 56. These results suggest that α-GML supplementation modulates cecal microbiota and broiler immunity and improves volatile fatty acid levels during the early growth stages of broilers.
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Wang F, Wang Y, Wan Z, Shao H, Qian K, Ye J, Qin A. Generation of a recombinant chickenized monoclonal antibody against the neuraminidase of H9N2 avian influenza virus. AMB Express 2020; 10:151. [PMID: 32816156 PMCID: PMC7441100 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a monoclonal antibody (mAb), 1G8, against the neuraminidase (NA) of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) with significant NA inhibitory activity. To generate a recombinant chickenized mAb (RCmAb) against the NA of H9N2 AIV for passive immunization in poultry, the gene of the fragment of antigen binding (Fab) of mAb 1G8 was cloned and fused with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) gene of chicken IgY. The RCmAb 1G8 was expressed in COS-1 cells and could be detected in cell culture supernatant. The results of NA inhibitory activity tests of the RCmAb 1G8 in an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) and a microneutralization (MN) assay showed that the RCmAb 1G8 maintained significant NA inhibitory activity and neutralizing ability. This is the first chickenized antibody against AIV, which would be a good candidate for passive immunization in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Wan
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Fatoba AJ, Adeleke MA. Transgenic Eimeria parasite: A potential control strategy for chicken coccidiosis. Acta Trop 2020; 205:105417. [PMID: 32105666 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Poultry industry has been very instrumental in curtailing malnutrition and poverty and as such contributing to economic growth. However, production loss in poultry industry due to parasitic disease such as coccidiosis has become a global challenge. Chicken coccidiosis is an enteric disease that is associated with morbidity and mortality. The control of this parasite through anticoccidial live vaccines and drugs has been very successful though with some limitations such as the cost of production of live vaccines, and drugs resistance which is a public health concern. The discovery of Eimeria vaccine antigens such as Apical membrane antigens (AMA)-1 and Immune mapped protein (IMP)-1 have introduced the use of recombinant vaccines as alternative control measures against chicken coccidiosis. Although some protections have been reported among recombinant vaccines, improving their protective efficacy has triggered the search for a novel and efficient delivery vehicle. Transgenic Eimeria, which is constructed either through stable or transient transfection is currently being explored as novel delivery vehicle of Eimeria vaccine antigens. Due to partial protections reported in chickens vaccinated with transgenic Eimeria lines expressing different Eimeria antigens, improving protective efficacy becomes imperative. Recent trends in the design of transgenic Eimeria for potential application in the control of chicken coccidiosis are summarized in this review. We conclude that, with improved protective efficacy using multiple vaccine antigens, transgenic Eimeria parasite could fill the gap in the control of chicken coccidiosis as an efficient anticoccidial vaccine.
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11
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Towards Innovative Design and Application of Recombinant Eimeria as a Vaccine Vector. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00861-19. [PMID: 32094255 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00861-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient delivery of antigenic cargo to trigger protective immune responses is critical to the success of vaccination. Genetically engineered microorganisms, including virus, bacteria, and protozoa, can be modified to carry and deliver heterologous antigens to the host immune system. The biological vectors can induce a broad range of immune responses and enhance heterologous antigen-specific immunological outcomes. The protozoan genus Eimeria is widespread in domestic animals, causing serious coccidiosis. Eimeria parasites with strong immunogenicity are potent coccidiosis vaccine candidates and offer a valuable model of live vaccines against infectious diseases in animals. Eimeria parasites can also function as a vaccine vector. Herein, we review recent advances in design and application of recombinant Eimeria as a vaccine vector, which has been a topic of ongoing research in our laboratory. By recapitulating the establishment of an Eimeria transfection platform and its application, it will help lay the foundation for the future development of effective parasite-based vaccine delivery vectors and beyond.
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12
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Tang X, Wang C, Liang L, Hu D, Zhang S, Duan C, Suo J, Liu X, Suo X, Cui S. Co-immunization with two recombinant Eimeria tenella lines expressing immunoprotective antigens of E. maxima elicits enhanced protection against E. maxima infection. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:347. [PMID: 31300007 PMCID: PMC6626336 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Live anticoccidial vaccines have been a tremendous success for disease prevention. The establishment of the reverse genetic manipulation platform has enabled the development of Eimeria parasites, the live anticoccidial vaccine strains, as vaccine vectors. In our previous study, recombinant E. tenella expressing a single immunodominant antigen of E. maxima (Et-EmIMP1) was able to protect chickens against challenge infection with E. maxima. This promising result encouraged us to further explore strategies to improve the protection efficacy of recombinant Eimeria and develop it as a vaccine vector. Results We constructed a novel recombinant Eimeria line expressing apical membrane antigen 1 of E. maxima (Et-EmAMA1) and then immunized chickens with Et-EmAMA1 and/or Et-EmIMP1. We found that the E. maxima soluble antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity was much stronger in the birds that were co-immunized with Et-EmAMA1 and Et-EmIMP1 than in those that were immunized with Et-EmAMA1 or Et-EmIMP1 alone. The oocyst production after E. maxima infection was significantly reduced in the recombinant Eimeria-immunized birds compared with the wild-type-immunized and naïve birds. The oocyst production in the birds co-immunized with Et-EmAMA1 and Et-EmIMP1 was consistently the lowest among the treatment groups after E. maxima infection. Conclusions These results demonstrated that Eimeria is an effective vaccine vector that can carry and deliver heterologous Eimeria antigens to the host immune system and trigger specific immune responses. Our results also suggested that increasing the number of recombinant Eimeria lines is an effective approach to enhance protective immunity against infections with heterologous pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Tang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture & National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture & National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture & National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture & National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxia Suo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture & National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture & National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Suo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture & National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangjin Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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13
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Pastor-Fernández I, Pegg E, Macdonald SE, Tomley FM, Blake DP, Marugán-Hernández V. Laboratory Growth and Genetic Manipulation of Eimeria tenella. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 53:e81. [PMID: 30811108 DOI: 10.1002/cpmc.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria is a genus of apicomplexan parasites that contains a large number of species, most of which are absolutely host-specific. Seven species have been recognized to infect chickens. Infection of susceptible chickens results in an intestinal disease called coccidiosis, characterized by mucoid or hemorrhagic enteritis, which is associated with impaired feed conversion or mortality in severe cases. Intensive farming practices have increased the significance of coccidiosis since parasite transmission is favored by high-density housing of large numbers of susceptible chickens. Routine chemoprophylaxis and/or vaccination with live parasite vaccines provides effective control of Eimeria, although the emergence of drug resistance and the relative cost and production capacity of current vaccine lines can prove limiting. As pressure to reduce drug use in livestock production intensifies, novel vaccination strategies are needed. Development of effective protocols supporting genetic complementation of Eimeria species has until recently been hampered by their inability to replicate efficiently in vitro. Now, the availability of such protocols has raised the prospect of generating transgenic parasite lines that function as vaccine vectors to express and deliver heterologous antigens. For example, this technology has the potential to streamline the production of live anticoccidial vaccines through the generation of parasite lines that co-express immunoprotective antigens derived from multiple Eimeria species. In this paper we describe detailed protocols for genetic manipulation, laboratory growth, and in vivo propagation of Eimeria tenella parasites, which will encourage future work from other researchers to expand biological understanding of Eimeria through reverse genetics. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Pastor-Fernández
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Pegg
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Macdonald
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Tomley
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Damer P Blake
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Marugán-Hernández
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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14
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Duan C, Hu D, Tang X, Suo J, Wang S, Zhang S, Tao G, Li C, Wang C, Gu X, Tang X, Huang G, Xiang B, Wu S, Mamoun CB, Suo X, Liu X. Stable transfection of Eimeria necatrix through nucleofection of second generation merozoites. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 228:1-5. [PMID: 30658178 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria spp., the causative agents of coccidiosis, are the most common protozoan pathogens of chickens. Infection with these parasites can result in poor development or death of animals leading to a devastating economic impact on poultry production. The establishment of transfection protocols for genetic manipulation of Eimeria species and stable expression of genes would help advance the biology of these parasites as well as establish these organisms as novel vaccine delivery vehicles. Here, we report the selection of the first stable transgenic E. necatrix population, EnHA1, consitutively expressing the EYFP reporter following transfection of the 2nd generation merozoites with a linear DNA fragment harboring the EYFP reporter gene, the HA1 gene from the avian influenza virus H9N2 and the TgDHFR-TS selectable marker, which confers resistance to pyrimethamine. Transfected merozoites were inoculated into chickens via the cloacal route, and feces from 18 h to 72 h post inoculation were collected and subjected to subsequent serial passages, FACS sorting and pyrimethamine selection. A gradual increase in the number of EYFP-expressing sporulated oocysts was noticed with more than 90% EYFP + oocysts obtained after five passages. Immunofluorescence assay confirmed successful expression of the HA1 antigen in the EnHA1 population. The ability to genetically manipulate E. necatrix merozoites and express heterologous genes in this parasite will pave the way for possible use of this organism as a vaccine-delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingxia Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Geru Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guangping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Biqi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shaoqiang Wu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Yizhuang, Beijing, China
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department of Medicine / Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Xun Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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15
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Transgenic Eimeria tenella Expressing Profilin of Eimeria maxima Elicits Enhanced Protective Immunity and Alters Gut Microbiome of Chickens. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00888-17. [PMID: 29967093 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00888-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is one of the most serious diseases of livestock and birds in the world. Vaccination with live-parasite anticoccidial vaccines with genetic manipulation improving the immunogenicity of vaccine strains would be the best means for controlling coccidiosis in breeder and layer stocks, even in fast-growing broilers. Profilin from apicomplexan parasites is the first molecularly defined ligand for Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) and TLR12 in mice and is a potential molecular adjuvant. Here, we constructed a transgenic Eimeria tenella line (Et-EmPro) expressing the profilin of Eimeria maxima, the most immunogenic species of chicken coccidia, and evaluated the adjuvant effects of EmPro on the immunogenicity of E. tenella We found that immunization with the transgenic Eimeria parasites, compared with the wild type, elicited greater parasite antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity, characterized by increased numbers of interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-secreting lymphocytes. The transgenic parasite also induced better protective immunity against E. tenella challenge than the wild type. In addition, the diversity of the fecal microbiome of the birds immunized with the transgenic parasite differed from that of the microbiome of the wild-type-immunized birds, indicating interactions of Eimeria with the gut microbiome of chickens. Our results showing enhanced immunogenicity of E. tenella by use of EmPro as a molecular adjuvant derived from the most immunogenic affinis species represent a large step forward in the development of the next generation of coccidiosis vaccines using Eimeria as a vaccine platform expressing molecular adjuvants and potentially other pathogen antigens against not only coccidiosis but also other infectious diseases.
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16
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Tang X, Liu X, Yin G, Suo J, Tao G, Zhang S, Suo X. A Novel Vaccine Delivery Model of the Apicomplexan Eimeria tenella Expressing Eimeria maxima Antigen Protects Chickens against Infection of the Two Parasites. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1982. [PMID: 29375584 PMCID: PMC5767589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine delivery is critical in antigen discovery and vaccine efficacy and safety. The diversity of infectious diseases in humans and livestock has required the development of varied delivery vehicles to target different pathogens. In livestock animals, previous strategies for the development of coccidiosis vaccines have encountered several hurdles, limiting the development of multiple species vaccine formulations. Here, we describe a novel vaccine delivery system using transgenic Eimeria tenella expressing immunodominant antigens of Eimeria maxima. In this delivery system, the immune mapped protein 1 of E. maxima (EmIMP1) was delivered by the closely related species of E. tenella to the host immune system during the whole endogenous life cycle. The overexpression of the exogenous antigen did not interfere with the reproduction and immunogenicity of transgenic Eimeria. After immunization with the transgenic parasite, we detected EmIMP1’s and E. maxima oocyst antigens’ specific humoral and cellular immune responses. In particular, we observed partial protection of chickens immunized with transgenic E. tenella against subsequent E. maxima infections. Our results demonstrate that the transgenic Eimeria parasite is an ideal coccidia antigen delivery vehicle and represents a new type of coccidiosis vaccines. In addition, this model could potentially be used in the development of malaria live sporozoite vaccines, in which antigens from different strains can be expressed in the vaccine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwen Yin
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jingxia Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Geru Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Dong W, Zhang H, Huang H, Zhou J, Hu L, Lian A, Zhu L, Ma N, Yang P, Wei K, Zhu R. Chicken IgY Fc Linked to Bordetella avium ompA and Taishan Pinus massoniana Pollen Polysaccharide Adjuvant Enhances Macrophage Function and Specific Immune Responses. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1708. [PMID: 27847501 PMCID: PMC5088198 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc-fusion technologies, in which immunoglobulin Fc is genetically fused to an antigenic protein, have been developed to confer antibody-like properties to proteins and peptides. Mammalian IgG Fc fusion exhibits improved antigen-induced immune responses by providing aggregates with high avidity for the IgG Fc receptor and salvaging the antigenic portion from endosomal degradation. However, whether the linked chicken IgY Fc fragment shares similar characteristics to mammalian IgG Fc remains unclear. In this study, we linked the chicken IgY Fc gene to the outer membrane protein A (ompA) of Bordetella avium through overlapping PCR. The fusion gene was cloned into the pPIC9 plasmid to construct the recombinant Pichia pastoris transformant expressing the ompA–Fc fusion protein. The effects of the linked Fc on macrophage vitality, activity, efficiency of antigen processing, and immune responses induced by the fused ompA were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (TPPPS), an immunomodulator, on chicken macrophage activation was evaluated. TPPPS was also used as an adjuvant to investigate its immunomodulatory effect on immunoresponses induced by the fused ompA–Fc in chickens. The pinocytosis, phagocytosis, secretion of nitric oxide and TNF-α, and MHC-II molecular expression of the macrophages treated with the fused ompA–Fc were significantly higher than those of the macrophages treated with ompA alone. The addition of TPPPS to the fused ompA–Fc further enhanced macrophage functions. The fused ompA–Fc elicited higher antigen-specific immune responses and protective efficacy compared with ompA alone. Moreover, the fused ompA–Fc conferred higher serum antibody titers, serum IL-2 and IL-4 concentrations, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte transformation rate, and protection rate compared with ompA alone. Notably, the prepared TPPPS adjuvant ompA–Fc vaccines induced high immune responses and protection rate. The linked Fc and TPPPS adjuvant can remarkably enhance macrophage functions and specific immune responses. This study provides new perspectives to improve the immune effects of subunit vaccines for prevention of poultry diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Dong
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - He Huang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, New Hope Group Qingdao, China
| | - Jianbo Zhou
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Shandong Province, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Shandong Province Jinan, China
| | - Ailing Lian
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Shandong Province, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Shandong Province Jinan, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Ningning Ma
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Pingping Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
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