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Davey PG, Farid M, Karpecki P, Gaddie IB, Chan A, Mun J, Neervannan S, Yeu E. Lotilaner Ophthalmic Solution, 0.25%, for the Treatment of Demodex Blepharitis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1487. [PMID: 39120190 PMCID: PMC11311291 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Demodex blepharitis, a chronic lid margin disease, is caused by an infestation of Demodex mites, the most common ectoparasites in human skin and eyelids. Lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25% (Xdemvy, Tarsus Pharmaceuticals), is the first therapy approved to treat Demodex blepharitis. This narrative review characterizes lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25%, and describes its efficacy, safety, and tolerability. The safety and efficacy of lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25%, for treating Demodex blepharitis was evaluated in four phase 2 and two phase 3 trials. The data of 980 patients included in these phase 2 and 3 clinical trials revealed that the proportion of eyes with a clinically meaningful reduction to 10 or fewer collarettes (the cylindrical, waxy debris found at the base of the eyelashes) ranged from 81 to 93%. The mite eradication rate confirmed by a microscopy of epilated lashes ranged from 52 to 78%. No serious treatment-related adverse events were reported in any of these clinical studies. As high as 92% of the patients receiving lotilaner eyedrops in the phase 3 trials found it to be neutral to very comfortable. Given the positive safety and efficacy outcomes, the drug is likely to become the standard of care in the treatment of Demodex blepharitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjan Farid
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | | | | | - Arthur Chan
- Tarsus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (A.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.)
| | - James Mun
- Tarsus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (A.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Sesha Neervannan
- Tarsus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (A.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.)
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Cvejić D, Hellmann K, Petry G, Ringeisen H, Hamburg H, Farkas R, Blazejak K, Mencke N. Multicenter randomized, and blinded European field study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Felpreva®, a novel spot-on formulation containing emodepside, praziquantel and tigolaner, in treating cats naturally infested with fleas and/or ticks. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2022; 2:100099. [PMID: 35991085 PMCID: PMC9382417 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2022.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Cvejić
- Klifovet GmbH, Geyerspergerstr. 27, 80689, München, Germany
| | - Klaus Hellmann
- Klifovet GmbH, Geyerspergerstr. 27, 80689, München, Germany
| | - Gabriele Petry
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH an Elanco Animal Health Company, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Hannah Ringeisen
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH an Elanco Animal Health Company, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Hannah Hamburg
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH an Elanco Animal Health Company, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Róbert Farkas
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Katrin Blazejak
- Vetoquinol S.A., 37 rue de la Victoire, 75009, Paris, France
| | - Norbert Mencke
- Vetoquinol S.A., 37 rue de la Victoire, 75009, Paris, France
- Corresponding author.
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Zhou X, Hohman AE, Hsu WH. Current review of isoxazoline ectoparasiticides used in veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 45:1-15. [PMID: 33733534 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The isoxazolines are a novel class of ectoparasiticides with potent inhibitory activity on glutamate- and gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channel located in nervous system of invertebrates. In recent years, studies have been performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of isoxazolines against various types of ectoparasites, including fleas, ticks, and mites. As more single and combined isoxazoline products have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency, a more comprehensive understanding of isoxazolines becomes essential for veterinary clinical practitioners. This article provides a complete review of isoxazolines with respect to pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, ectoparasiticidal efficacy, and safety, which will provide veterinarians information to allow them to make the best choice of ectoparasiticide for their clients' specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Alexandra E Hohman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Chappell K, Paarlberg T, Seewald W, Karadzovska D, Nanchen S. A randomized, controlled field study to assess the efficacy and safety of lotilaner flavored chewable tablets (Credelio™ CAT) in eliminating fleas in client-owned cats in the USA. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:127. [PMID: 33648556 PMCID: PMC7923547 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that the novel isoxazoline, lotilaner (Credelio™ CAT; Elanco Animal Health), which is administered orally to cats, provides rapid and sustained flea kill for least 1 month following administration with a wide safety margin. A clinical trial was undertaken to confirm its efficacy, impact on flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) and safety under field conditions. METHODS A total of 343 cats were enrolled in the study at 11 veterinary clinics in the USA. Upon inclusion, cat households were randomized at a ratio of 2:1 to receive lotilaner tablets at the recommended dose (minimum 6 mg/kg) or a topical formulation containing fipronil + S-methoprene (Frontline® Plus for cats; Boehringer Ingelheim), administered per label. Owners were dispensed treatments for administration on days 0, 30 and 60; all household cats were administered the same treatment. Flea counts were made on primary cats (1 cat per household) on days 0 (pre-treatment), 30, 60 and 90. Flea allergy dermatitis was assessed on days 30, 60 and 90 for all cats with signs of FAD on day 0. Lotilaner-treated cats were also assessed for their acceptance of oral tablet administration by the pet owner, and safety was assessed for all cats in both groups. RESULTS Lotilaner efficacy was 98.3, 99.9 and 99.9% on days 30, 60 and 90, respectively, while the efficacy of fipronil + S-methoprene was 61.6, 75.4 and 84.7%, respectively (P < 0.0001, within both groups and all days). Flea counts were significantly lower in the lotilaner group than in the fipronil + S-methoprene group (P < 0.0001) on each assessment day. On day 90, 98.3% of lotilaner-treated cats and 28.8% of fipronil + S-methoprene-treated cats were free of fleas. Owners successfully administered 99.5% of tablets to their cats. Total FAD score was reduced significantly following treatment in both groups by day 30 (lotilaner: P < 0.0001; fipronil + S-methoprene: P = 0.0041) and continued to decrease following multiple treatments. Total FAD scores were also significantly lower in the lotilaner group than in the fipronil + S-methoprene group on day 90 (P = 0.0006 for FAD total score). Pruritus scores were significantly lower in the lotilaner group on all assessment days. CONCLUSION A single lotilaner treatment, administered by the pet owner, was > 98% efficacious in reducing flea counts within 30 days. Three consecutive monthly lotilaner treatments resulted in nearly 100% reduction in flea infestation. In the evaluations of flea counts, number of cats free from fleas and pruritus FAD score, lotilaner was shown to be superior to fipronil + S-methoprene at all time points. Lotilaner was more efficacious than fipronil + S-methoprene and was associated with greater reduction in FAD signs. Lotilaner flavored tablets were well accepted by cats. Adverse reactions were mild and infrequent, confirming the safety of lotilaner tablets in client-owned cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Chappell
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN, 46140, USA
| | - Tandy Paarlberg
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN, 46140, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Seewald
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24A, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Karadzovska
- Elanco Australasia Pty Ltd, 245 Western Rd, Kemps Creek, NSW, 2178, Australia
| | - Steve Nanchen
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24A, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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Kumar G, Shankar R. 2-Isoxazolines: A Synthetic and Medicinal Overview. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:430-447. [PMID: 33029886 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Isoxazolines are nitrogen- and oxygen-containing five-membered heterocyclic scaffolds with extensive biological activities. This framework can be readily obtained in good to excellent yields through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between nitrones with alkynes or allenes, aryl/alkyl halides, alkynes, and oxaziridines under mild conditions. This scaffold has been an emerging area of interest for many researchers given their wide range of bioactivities. Herein we review synthetic strategies toward isoxazolines and the role these efforts have had in enhancing the biological activity of natural products and synthetic compounds such as antitubercular agents, COX-1 inhibitors, COX-2 inhibitors (e. g., valdecoxib), nicotinic receptor modulators, and MIF inhibitors. With a focus on efforts from 2010 onward, this review provides in-depth coverage of the design and biological evaluation of isoxazoline systems and their impact on various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Campus, Jammu, 180001, India.,Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Campus, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Campus, Jammu, 180001, India.,Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Campus, Jammu, 180001, India
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Abstract
"In North America, with the exceptions of Bartonella henselae and Cytauxzoon felis, feline vector-borne diseases (FVBDs) have been minimally studied in domestic cats. Cats can be infected with many of the same vector-borne pathogens that infect dogs. Nonspecific clinical signs linked to FVBDs and low prevalence of certain vector-borne pathogens contribute to a limited awareness of FVBDs in sick cats. As clinicians become informed about FVBDs and as vector-borne disease diagnostics are routinely applied to evaluate sick cats, we will gain a stronger understanding of vector-borne pathogens in cats. This article focuses on recent findings related to FVBDs."
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Qurollo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Research Building, Office 464, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Rohdich N, Zschiesche E, Wolf O, Loehlein W, Pobel T, Gil MJ, Roepke RKA. Field effectiveness and safety of fluralaner plus moxidectin (Bravecto® Plus) against ticks and fleas: a European randomized, blinded, multicenter field study in naturally-infested client-owned cats. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:598. [PMID: 30454052 PMCID: PMC6240940 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A spot-on formulation containing fluralaner (280 mg/ml) plus moxidectin (14 mg/ml) (Bravecto® Plus) has been developed to provide broad spectrum parasite protection for cats. The effectiveness and safety of this product against ticks and fleas was assessed in a randomized, controlled, 12-week study in client-owned cats in Germany and Spain. METHODS Eligible households containing at least one cat with at least two fleas and/or two ticks were allocated randomly in a 2:1 ratio to a single treatment with fluralaner plus moxidectin on Day 0, or three 4-weekly treatments with fipronil (Frontline®). Veterinary staff, masked to treatment, completed tick and flea counts on each cat at 14 ± 2 (2 weeks), 28 ± 2 (4 weeks), 56 ± 2 (8 weeks) and 84 ± 2 days (12 weeks) after the initial treatment. RESULTS In total, 707 cats (257 with ticks) from 332 households (236 with fleas) were included. Ixodes ricinus (78%) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex (18%) ticks were the most commonly identified. Tick and flea counts were lower in the fluralaner plus moxidectin group than in the fipronil group throughout the study and the efficacy of fluralaner plus moxidectin exceeded 97 and 98%, respectively. At 12 weeks, 94.1 and 93.3% of cats from the fluralaner plus moxidectin and 92.2 and 60.3% of cats from the fipronil group were free of ticks and fleas, respectively. Fluralaner plus moxidectin was non-inferior to fipronil (P < 0.0001) at all assessments and superior to fipronil at 2 and 8 weeks for the proportion of cats free of ticks (P < 0.0001). Fluralaner plus moxidectin was superior to fipronil for the proportion of both households and cats free of fleas (P < 0.0001). Both products were safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS A single application of fluralaner plus moxidectin spot-on was well tolerated by cats and highly effective for 12 weeks against ticks and fleas. Fluralaner plus moxidectin was non-inferior to fipronil for the proportion of ectoparasite-free and consistently superior to fipronil in controlling fleas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Rohdich
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Eva Zschiesche
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Oliver Wolf
- Loehlein & Wolf Vet Research, Maistrasse 69, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thierry Pobel
- TPC Biomed, C/Los Betetas 12-4°D, 42002 Soria, Spain
| | | | - Rainer K. A. Roepke
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
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Kuntz EA, Kammanadiminti S. Safety of lotilaner flavoured chewable tablets (Credelio TM) after oral administration in cats. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:409. [PMID: 30001745 PMCID: PMC6044082 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lotilaner is a new member of the isoxazoline class for treatment of flea and tick infestations in cats. This laboratory study with lotilaner vanilla-yeast flavoured chewable tablets (CredelioTM, Elanco) investigated the safety in healthy kittens starting at 8 weeks of age in a randomized, blinded, parallel-group design. Lotilaner tablets were given orally once a month over eight months at one, three and five times the upper level of the maximum recommended dose range (26 mg/kg). METHODS The safety of lotilaner flavoured chewable tablets was assessed in healthy kittens when administered orally every 4 weeks for 8 months at the highest recommended dose rates, i.e. 1× (26 mg/kg) and at elevated dose rates, i.e. 3× (78 mg/kg) and 5× (130 mg/kg). Sixteen male and 16 female healthy 8-week-old kittens, with a mean body weight of 0.79 kg and 0.75 kg, respectively, were randomized to an untreated control group or lotilaner groups at dose rates of 26 mg/kg (1×), 78 mg/kg (3×), or 130 mg/kg (5×) every four weeks over eight months. The control group was sham-dosed. All animals were fed within 30 minutes prior to treatment. Safety assessment included general health observations, detailed clinical observations, complete physical/neurological examinations, including ophthalmological examinations, electrocardiographic (ECG) and clinical pathology evaluations (haematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis), food and water consumption, body weight, pharmacokinetic blood collections, organ macroscopic and microscopic examinations. RESULTS Systemic exposure to lotilaner was confirmed during the course of the study in all treated animals with the exception of the control group. No treatment-related effects were seen on daily clinical observations, food consumption (wet), ophthalmoscopic, physical/neurological and microscopic examinations. Statistically significant differences were recorded in some of the clinical pathology parameters, body weights, food consumption (dry), electrocardiograms, and organ weights, but none of the recorded observations was considered to be of clinical relevance. CONCLUSIONS Lotilaner, when administered once monthly over eight months at the highest recommended dose and overdoses of three- and five-fold, to 8-week-old healthy kittens, is well tolerated.
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Toutain CE, Seewald W, Jung M. Pharmacokinetics of lotilaner following a single oral or intravenous administration in cats. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:412. [PMID: 30001724 PMCID: PMC6044034 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CredelioTM (lotilaner) is an oral ectoparasiticide from the isoxazoline class developed for the treatment of flea and tick infestations in cats. It is formulated as a pure S-enantiomer in flavoured chewable tablets. The pharmacokinetics of lotilaner were investigated after intravenous or oral administration and under fed or fasted conditions in cats. Twenty-six adult cats were enrolled in a pharmacokinetic study evaluating either intravenous or oral administration of lotilaner. Following the oral administration at a dosage of 6 mg/kg, under fed or fasted conditions, or intravenous administration of 3 mg/kg, blood samples were collected up to 35 days after treatment. Lotilaner blood concentrations were measured using a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. In addition, in vivo enantiomer stability of lotilaner was evaluated in a separate bioanalytical study. RESULTS Following oral administration in fed cats, lotilaner was readily absorbed and peak blood concentrations reached within four hours. The terminal half-life was 33.6 days. Food enhanced the absorption, providing close to 100% oral bioavailability and reduced the inter-individual variability. Following intravenous administration, lotilaner had a low clearance of 0.13 l/kg/day, large volumes of distribution Vz and Vss of 5.34 and 5.37 l/kg, respectively and a terminal half-life of 28.7 days. In addition, there was no in vivo racemization of lotilaner. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetic properties of lotilaner administered orally as a flavoured chewable tablet (CredelioTM) were studied in detail. With a Tmax of 4 h and a terminal half-life of 33.6 days under fed conditions, lotilaner provides a rapid onset of flea and tick killing activity with consistent and sustained efficacy for at least one month in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Seewald
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Jung
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Drake J, Nanchen S. Laboratory evaluation of the efficacy and speed of kill of lotilaner (Credelio TM) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on cats. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:413. [PMID: 30001731 PMCID: PMC6044019 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lotilaner, approved for dogs as a chewable tablet formulation, has separately been developed for oral use in cats (CredelioTM chewable tablets for cats), to meet the need for an easy to use, safe and rapidly effective parasiticide. It is a valid cat- and owner-friendly alternative to topical products. This manuscript describes three pivotal laboratory studies assessing the efficacy and speed of kill of lotilaner in cats against Ixodes ricinus ticks following a single oral administration, at a dose rate close to 6 mg/kg. METHODS In Studies 1 and 2, efficacy and safety were evaluated 48 h after treatment and post-treatment weekly infestations in 16 cats, against untreated controls, for 35 days. In Study 3, efficacy and safety were assessed in 8 lotilaner-treated cats until Day 35, before and after 24 h incubation of the female live ticks removed from the animals 12, 18 and 24 h after dosing and subsequent weekly infestations. RESULTS Efficacy was > 99% on days 23 and 37, and 100% on all other timepoints in Study 1. In Study 2 it was > 98% on Days 9 and 37, and 100% on all other days. In Study 3, on Day 0, lotilaner was > 90% efficacious, pre- and post-incubation at all time-points. On Day 7, at 12 hours after infestation, efficacy was 100%, pre- and post-incubation. On Day 14, there was a 66.5% reduction in geometric mean live tick counts in treated cats compared to controls, increasing, after incubation, to 94.4%. Afterwards, efficacy decreased below 90% while tick counts in the treated groups remained significantly lower compared to controls. At 18 hours, lotilaner was ≥ 90% efficacious through Day 37, increasing to 100% at 24 hours, on all study days, with the exception of Day 28 (98.9 and 99.1% pre- and post-incubation, respectively). There were no treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS At the minimum dose rate of 6 mg/kg, lotilaner was efficacious against I. ricinus ticks. In addition, lotilaner was effective against this tick within 12 hours of treatment, reaching 100% efficacy within 24 hours. Lotilaner sustained a rapid kill of newly infesting I. ricinus through 35 days. By quickly killing ticks that infest cats, lotilaner has the potential to contribute to the reduction of tick-borne pathogens transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Murphy
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Seewald
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason Drake
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA
| | - Steve Nanchen
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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Wright I. Lotilaner - a novel formulation for cats provides systemic tick and flea control. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:407. [PMID: 30001733 PMCID: PMC6043969 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Wright
- The Mount Veterinary Practice, 1 Harris Str., Fleetwood Lancs, FY7 6QX, UK.
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Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Nanchen S. A randomized, controlled field study to assess the efficacy and safety of lotilaner (Credelio™) in controlling ticks in client-owned cats in Europe. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:411. [PMID: 30001746 PMCID: PMC6043961 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a continuing need for novel approaches to tick infestations treatment and control in cats. Lotilaner, an isoxazoline with rapid onset of action, has proven its efficacy against ticks in laboratory studies. A study was undertaken to confirm lotilaner's efficacy and safety in client-owned cats, at the minimum dose of 6.0 mg/kg, against the most common ticks infesting cats in Europe. METHODS Twenty clinics in Germany, Hungary and Portugal participated in the study. Households with no more than three cats were randomized 2:1 to a lotilaner or fipronil group. The first household cat with at least three live, attached ticks was the primary cat. Treatments were dispensed on days 0, 28 and 56 for owner administration. Tick counts were performed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 (primary cats) and supplementary cats were assessed for safety only, on days 28, 56 and 84. Efficacy was assessed by comparing mean day 0 live attached tick counts with subsequent counts. RESULTS Most frequently retrieved ticks were Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor reticulatus, with Ixodes hexagonus also present. In the lotilaner group (n = 112) efficacy (based on geometric mean tick counts) was between 98.3-100%. For fipronil (n = 57), efficacy was between 89.6-99.6%, with live attached ticks present on some cats at all time points. Mean tick counts in lotilaner-treated cats were significantly lower than in fipronil-treated cats on days 21, 28, 42 and 56 (P < 0.05). The mean percent efficacy over all post-enrolment visits was 99.6% and 96.4% (lotilaner and fipronil group, respectively), (P < 0.0001). Lotilaner was superior to fipronil for efficacy averaged over all time points (P < 0.0001) and on individual assessment days (day 14 to 70, P < 0.0394); it was non-inferior to fipronil on the other days. Owners successfully administered all treatments, and both products were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS CredelioTM was effective and safe for the treatment of tick infestations in client-owned cats. Efficacy lasted one month and lotilaner was superior to fipronil on most assessment days. Cure rates ranged between 94.5-100% for lotilaner and 68.4-98.2% for fipronil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Murphy
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Seewald
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steve Nanchen
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Nanchen S. Laboratory evaluation of the efficacy and speed of kill of lotilaner (Credelio™) against Ctenocephalides felis on cats. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:408. [PMID: 30001727 PMCID: PMC6043949 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lotilaner is approved for dogs as a chewable tablet formulation. It has separately been developed for oral administration in cats (Credelio™ chewable tablets for cats) to meet the need for an easy to use, safe and rapidly effective parasiticide and as an alternative to topical products. This paper describes two pivotal laboratory studies assessing the efficacy and speed of kill of lotilaner in cats against Ctenocephalides felis fleas following a single oral administration, at the minimum recommended dose rate of 6 mg/kg. METHODS Two GCP (Good Clinical Practice), blinded, randomized, negative-controlled, parallel-groups, laboratory studies were performed. In both studies, lotilaner was administered once, per os, at the minimum recommended dose of 6 mg/kg. Study 1 evaluated the efficacy of lotilaner tablets for cats against adult C. felis in experimentally infested cats, 24 h after treatment and after new weekly infestations, until day 35. Study 2 evaluated the speed of kill of lotilaner against C. felis, in cats, 8 and 12 h after treatment and after each subsequent weekly infestation, through day 35. In both studies, for each assessed time point, animals were randomized 1:1 to a lotilaner-treated or a contemporaneous negative control group of 8 cats each. RESULTS In both studies, the infestation in the control groups was adequate at all assessment times. In Study 1, efficacy at 24 h was 100% at all time points. In Study 2, efficacy was ≥ 97.4% at the 8 h and ≥ 98.6% at the 12 h time point, through one month. Lotilaner was well tolerated, with no product-related adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS Lotilaner administered orally to cats at the minimum recommended dose rate of 6 mg/kg was effective as early as 8 hours post-administration and at 8 hours after subsequent weekly infestations of adult C. felis for at least one month. The product was well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Murphy
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Seewald
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steve Nanchen
- Elanco Animal Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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