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Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S, Changbunjong T, Wichit S, Villarroel PMS. Demographic inference from the mt-DNA COI gene and wing geometry of Culex gelidus (Diptera: Culicidae), an important vector of Japanese encephalitis in Thailand. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107276. [PMID: 38821146 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Culex gelidus (Diptera: Culicidae), an important vector of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), contributes to human viral encephalitis in many Asian countries, including Thailand. This study represents the first investigation of the demographic patterns of Cx. gelidus populations in Thailand using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene analysis and wing geometric morphometrics (GM). Mosquitoes were collected from 10 provinces across six regions of Thailand in 2022. Analysis of the COI sequences (n = 182) indicated high haplotype diversity (0.882) and low nucleotide diversity (0.006), with 72 haplotypes identified. The haplotype network demonstrated no profound splits among the geographic populations. Neutral tests, including Tajima's D and Fu's Fs, displayed negative values, with a significant result observed for Fu's Fs (-33.048, p < 0.05). The mismatch distribution analysis indicated that the population does not statistically deviate from a model of sudden population expansion (SSD = 0.010, p > 0.05; Rg = 0.022, p > 0.05). The estimations suggest that the Cx. gelidus population in Thailand began its expansion approximately between 459,243 and 707,011 years ago. The Mantel test showed no significant relationship between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.048, p > 0.05). Significant phenotypic differences (based on wing shape) were observed among most populations. Additionally, in this study, we found no significant relationships between phenotypic and genetic distances (r = 0.250, p > 0.05). Understanding the genetic and morphological dynamics of Cx. gelidus is vital for developing targeted surveillance and vector control measures. This knowledge will also help to predict how future environmental changes might affect these populations, thereby informing long-term vector management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand.
| | - Sedthapong Laojun
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sineewanlaya Wichit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Kardena IM, Adi AAAM, Astawa INM, Oka IBM, Sahibzada S, Bruce M, O’Dea M. Seroconversion, genotyping, and potential mosquito vector identification of Japanese encephalitis virus in pig sentinel settings in Bali, Indonesia. Vet World 2024; 17:89-98. [PMID: 38406355 PMCID: PMC10884589 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.89-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Despite the endemicity of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in humans and animals in the Province of Bali, Indonesia, there is little data on whether seroconversion to the virus occurs in pigs, JEV genotypes circulating, and it's potential mosquito vectors in the area. The aims of this study were to (i) Determine whether JEV infection in Balinese pigs occurs before reaching their sexual maturity, (ii) identify the genotypes of circulating JEV, and (iii) identify potential JEV mosquito vectors at the study sites in urban and peri-urban areas of Bali. Materials and Methods Sixteen 1-week-old Landrace piglets from two different sows were housed in Denpasar. Similarly, 18 one-week-old mixed-breed piglets of two different sows were housed in Badung Regency. The piglets were bled every 1 to 4 weeks for up to 24 weeks. Serum samples from the 11 piglets were tested for antibodies against JEV, and seroconversion-suspected sera were titrated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood of seroconverted sera from pigs were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the genetic sequence of JEV. The mosquitoes in the sentinels were trapped throughout the study period to identify the potential mosquito vectors of JEV. Results Antibodies were detected in most of the selected piglets' sera from weeks 1 to 24 of their age. However, sera of pig B9 collected from the sentinel setting in Badung Regency showed a four-fold increase in antibody titer from week 4 to week 8, indicating seroconversion. PCR testing of blood from B9 (pooled blood sample collected from week 5 to week 8) identified JEV nucleic acids, which were phylogenetically classified as belonging to the JEV genotype III. Meanwhile, 1271 of two genera of mosquitoes, Anopheles spp. and Culex spp. were trapped in the pig sentinels. Conclusion JEV seroconversion likely occurs before the pig reaches sexual maturity in Badung Regency. Sequence data indicate that JEV genotype III is circulating in the pig sentinel setting in the regency; however, circulating genotypes need to be clarified through increased surveillance. Meanwhile, Culex spp. and most likely Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles spp. were the dominant mosquitoes present in the study sites set in the urban area of Denpasar and peri-urban areas of Badung, Bali, indicating that these are likely vectors in spread of JEV in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made Kardena
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, 80234, Indonesia
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, 80234, Indonesia
| | - I Nyoman Mantik Astawa
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, 80234, Indonesia
| | - Ida Bagus Made Oka
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, 80234, Indonesia
| | - Shafi Sahibzada
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Mark O’Dea
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
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Li Y, Sun Y, Zou J, Zhong D, Liu R, Zhu C, Li W, Zhou Y, Cui L, Zhou G, Lu G, Li T. Characterizing the Wolbachia infection in field-collected Culicidae mosquitoes from Hainan Province, China. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:128. [PMID: 37060070 PMCID: PMC10103416 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens, such as malaria, dengue virus, yellow fever virus, filaria and Japanese encephalitis virus. Wolbachia are capable of inducing a wide range of reproductive abnormalities in their hosts, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility. Wolbachia has been proposed as a tool to modify mosquitoes that are resistant to pathogen infection as an alternative vector control strategy. This study aimed to determine natural Wolbachia infections in different mosquito species across Hainan Province, China. METHODS Adult mosquitoes were collected using light traps, human landing catches and aspirators in five areas in Hainan Province from May 2020 to November 2021. Species were identified based on morphological characteristics, species-specific PCR and DNA barcoding of cox1 assays. Molecular classification of species and phylogenetic analyses of Wolbachia infections were conducted based on the sequences from PCR products of cox1, wsp, 16S rRNA and FtsZ gene segments. RESULTS A total of 413 female adult mosquitoes representing 15 species were identified molecularly and analyzed. Four mosquito species (Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Armigeres subalbatus and Culex gelidus) were positive for Wolbachia infection. The overall Wolbachia infection rate for all mosquitoes tested in this study was 36.1% but varied among species. Wolbachia types A, B and mixed infections of A × B were detected in Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. A total of five wsp haplotypes, six FtsZ haplotypes and six 16S rRNA haplotypes were detected from Wolbachia infections. Phylogenetic tree analysis of wsp sequences classified them into three groups (type A, B and C) of Wolbachia strains compared to two groups each for FtsZ and 16S rRNA sequences. A novel type C Wolbachia strain was detected in Cx. gelidus by both single locus wsp gene and the combination of three genes. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the prevalence and distribution of Wolbachia in mosquitoes from Hainan Province, China. Knowledge of the prevalence and diversity of Wolbachia strains in local mosquito populations will provide part of the baseline information required for current and future Wolbachia-based vector control approaches to be conducted in Hainan Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiji Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yingbo Sun
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Jiaquan Zou
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhe Zhou
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China.
- Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
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Kardena IM, Adi AAAM, Astawa NM, O’Dea M, Laurence M, Sahibzada S, Bruce M. Japanese encephalitis in Bali, Indonesia: ecological and socio-cultural perspectives. Int J Vet Sci Med 2021; 9:31-43. [PMID: 34589543 PMCID: PMC8451599 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2021.1975879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of cases of acute encephalitis syndrome, a key presenting clinical sign of Japanese encephalitis infection in humans, along with increasing laboratory confirmed cases in Bali over recent years have led to the Indonesian government developing a national program of vaccination against Japanese encephalitis virus. In order to inform multidisciplinary management, a review was conducted to assess Japanese encephalitis virus-related cases in humans and animals including their determinants and detection in vectors. Along with published literature, key data from local authorized officers in Bali have been used to convey the recent situation of the disease. Related surveys detected up to 92% of the local children had antibodies against the virus with the annual incidence estimated to be 7.1 per 100,000 children. Additionally, reports on young and adult cases of infection within international travellers infected in Bali were documented with both non-fatal and fatal outcomes. Further seroprevalence surveys detected up to 90% with antibodies to the virus in animal reservoirs. The detection of the virus in certain Culex mosquito species and high levels of seropositivity may be associated with greater risk of the virus transmission to the human population. It was also highlighted that local sociocultural practices for agriculture and livestock were potentially associated with the high density of the vector and the reservoirs, which then may lead to the risk of the disease transmission in the ecology of Bali.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made Kardena
- Department of Biopathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi
- Department of Biopathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Nyoman Mantik Astawa
- Department of Biopathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Mark O’Dea
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Dpird Diagnostics and Laboratory Services, Sustainability and Biosecurity, South Perth, Western Australia
| | - Michael Laurence
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Shafi Sahibzada
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
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Yap G, Mailepessov D, Lim XF, Chan S, How CB, Humaidi M, Yeo G, Chong CS, Lam-Phua SG, Lee R, Okumura C, Vythilingam I, Ng LC. Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Singapore. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1234-1240. [PMID: 32700679 PMCID: PMC7470584 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are emerging pathogens of an increasing global public health concern because of their rapid increase in geographical range and the impact of climate change. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are of concern because of the risk of reemergence and introduction by migratory birds. In Singapore, human WNV infection has never been reported and human JEV infection is rare. Four sentinel vector surveillance sites were established in Singapore to understand the potential risk posed by these viruses. Surveillance was carried out from August 2011 to December 2012 at Pulau Ubin, from March 2011 to March 2013 at an Avian Sanctuary (AS), from December 2010 from October 2012 at Murai Farmway, and from December 2010 to December 2013 at a nature reserve. The present study revealed active JEV transmission in Singapore through the detection of JEV genotype II in Culex tritaeniorhynchus collected from an Avian Sanctuary. Culex flavivirus (CxFV), similar to the Quang Binh virus isolated from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in Vietnam and CxFV-LSFlaviV-A20-09 virus isolated in China, was also detected in Culex spp. (vishnui subgroup). No WNV was detected. This study demonstrates the important role that surveillance plays in public health and strongly suggests the circulation of JEV among wildlife in Singapore, despite the absence of reported human cases. A One Health approach involving surveillance, the collaboration between public health and wildlife managers, and control of mosquito populations remains the key measures in risk mitigation of JEV transmission in the enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Yap
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Diyar Mailepessov
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Xiao Fang Lim
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | | | | | - Mahathir Humaidi
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Gladys Yeo
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Chee Seng Chong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Sai Gek Lam-Phua
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Ruth Lee
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | | | - Indra Vythilingam
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
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Pyke AT, Choong K, Moore F, Schlebusch S, Taylor C, Hewitson G, McMahon J, Nair N, Moore P, Finger M, Burtonclay P, Wheatley S. A Case of Japanese Encephalitis with a Fatal Outcome in an Australian Who Traveled from Bali in 2019. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:tropicalmed5030133. [PMID: 32825150 PMCID: PMC7558094 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A severe case of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection, resulting in fatality, occurred in an unvaccinated Australian male traveler from Bali, Indonesia, in 2019. During hospitalisation in Australia, patient cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) yielded JEV-specific IgM antibodies and RNA, and an isolate of the virus. Ongoing transmission of JEV in Bali underscores this pathogen as a public health risk and the importance of appropriate health, vaccination and mosquito avoidance advice to prospective travelers to the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa T. Pyke
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (F.M.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (G.H.); (J.M.); (N.N.); (P.M.); (M.F.); (P.B.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Keat Choong
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia;
| | - Frederick Moore
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (F.M.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (G.H.); (J.M.); (N.N.); (P.M.); (M.F.); (P.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Sanmarié Schlebusch
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (F.M.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (G.H.); (J.M.); (N.N.); (P.M.); (M.F.); (P.B.); (S.W.)
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Carmel Taylor
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (F.M.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (G.H.); (J.M.); (N.N.); (P.M.); (M.F.); (P.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Glen Hewitson
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (F.M.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (G.H.); (J.M.); (N.N.); (P.M.); (M.F.); (P.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Jamie McMahon
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (F.M.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (G.H.); (J.M.); (N.N.); (P.M.); (M.F.); (P.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Neelima Nair
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (F.M.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (G.H.); (J.M.); (N.N.); (P.M.); (M.F.); (P.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Peter Moore
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (F.M.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (G.H.); (J.M.); (N.N.); (P.M.); (M.F.); (P.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Mitchell Finger
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (F.M.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (G.H.); (J.M.); (N.N.); (P.M.); (M.F.); (P.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Peter Burtonclay
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (F.M.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (G.H.); (J.M.); (N.N.); (P.M.); (M.F.); (P.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Sarah Wheatley
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (F.M.); (S.S.); (C.T.); (G.H.); (J.M.); (N.N.); (P.M.); (M.F.); (P.B.); (S.W.)
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Supriyono, Kuwata R, Torii S, Shimoda H, Ishijima K, Yonemitsu K, Minami S, Kuroda Y, Tatemoto K, Tran NTB, Takano A, Omatsu T, Mizutani T, Itokawa K, Isawa H, Sawabe K, Takasaki T, Yuliani DM, Abiyoga D, Hadi UK, Setiyono A, Hondo E, Agungpriyono S, Maeda K. Mosquito-borne viruses, insect-specific flaviviruses (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus), Banna virus (family Reoviridae, genus Seadornavirus), Bogor virus (unassigned member of family Permutotetraviridae), and alphamesoniviruses 2 and 3 (family Mesoniviridae, genus Alphamesonivirus) isolated from Indonesian mosquitoes. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1030-1041. [PMID: 32448813 PMCID: PMC7399325 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit many kinds of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses), and numerous arboviral diseases have become serious problems in Indonesia. In this study, we conducted surveillance of mosquito-borne viruses at several sites in Indonesia during 2016-2018 for risk assessment of arbovirus infection and analysis of virus biodiversity in mosquito populations. We collected 10,015 mosquitoes comprising at least 11 species from 4 genera. Major collected mosquito species were Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes aegypti, and Armigeres subalbatus. The collected mosquitoes were divided into 285 pools and used for virus isolation using two mammalian cell lines, Vero and BHK-21, and one mosquito cell line, C6/36. Seventy-two pools showed clear cytopathic effects only in C6/36 cells. Using RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing approaches, these isolates were identified as insect flaviviruses (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus), Banna virus (family Reoviridae, genus Seadornavirus), new permutotetravirus (designed as Bogor virus) (family Permutotetraviridae, genus Alphapermutotetravirus), and alphamesoniviruses 2 and 3 (family Mesoniviridae, genus Alphamesonivirus). We believed that this large surveillance of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses provides basic information for the prevention and control of emerging and re-emerging arboviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriyono
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Shun Torii
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Keita Ishijima
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yonemitsu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Shohei Minami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Yudai Kuroda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kango Tatemoto
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ngo Thuy Bao Tran
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ai Takano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8508, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8508, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1 Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan
| | - Dewi Maria Yuliani
- Public Health Office of Tangerang District, Tigaraksa Subdistrict, Banten 15720, Indonesia
| | - Dimas Abiyoga
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, Sesetan, Denpasar City, Bali 80223, Indonesia
| | - Upik Kesumawati Hadi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Agus Setiyono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Department of Biological Mechanisms and Function, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Srihadi Agungpriyono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ken Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Review of Emerging Japanese Encephalitis Virus: New Aspects and Concepts about Entry into the Brain and Inter-Cellular Spreading. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030111. [PMID: 31357540 PMCID: PMC6789543 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an emerging flavivirus of the Asia-Pacific region. More than two billion people live in endemic or epidemic areas and are at risk of infection. Recently, the first autochthonous human case was recorded in Africa, and infected birds have been found in Europe. JEV may spread even further to other continents. The first section of this review covers established and new information about the epidemiology of JEV. The subsequent sections focus on the impact of JEV on humans, including the natural course and immunity. Furthermore, new concepts are discussed about JEV’s entry into the brain. Finally, interactions of JEV and host cells are covered, as well as how JEV may spread in the body through latently infected immune cells and cell-to-cell transmission of virions or via other infectious material, including JEV genomic RNA.
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