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Cevidanes A, Goiri F, Barandika JF, Vázquez P, Goikolea J, Zuazo A, Etxarri N, Ocio G, García-Pérez AL. Invasive Aedes mosquitoes in an urban-peri-urban gradient in northern Spain: evidence of the wide distribution of Aedes japonicus. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:234. [PMID: 37452412 PMCID: PMC10349466 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expansion of invasive mosquitoes throughout Europe has increased in recent decades. In northern Spain, Aedes albopictus was detected for the first time in 2014, and Aedes japonicus was detected in the three Basque provinces in 2020. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of these mosquito species and their association with factors related to urbanization. METHODS In 2021, a total of 568 ovitraps were deployed in 113 sampling sites from 45 municipalities with > 10,000 inhabitants. Oviposition substrate sticks were replaced each fortnight and examined for Aedes eggs from June to November. Aedes eggs were counted, and the eggs from a selection of positive oviposition sticks, encompassing at least one stick from each positive ovitrap, were hatched following their life cycle until the adult stage. When egg hatching was not successful, PCR targeting the COI gene and sequencing of amplicons were carried out. RESULTS Eggs were detected in 66.4% of the sampling sites and in 32.4% of the ovitraps distributed in the three provinces of the Basque Country. Aedes albopictus and Ae. japonicus were widespread in the studied area, confirming their presence in 23 and 26 municipalities, respectively. Co-occurrence of both species was observed in 11 municipalities. The analysis of the presence of Aedes invasive mosquitoes and the degree of urbanization (urban, suburban, peri-urban) revealed that Ae. albopictus showed a 4.39 times higher probability of being found in suburban areas than in peri-urban areas, whereas Ae. japonicus had a higher probability of being found in peri-urban areas. Moreover, the presence of Ae. albopictus was significantly associated with municipalities with a higher population density (mean = 2983 inh/km2), whereas Ae. japonicus was associated with lower population density (mean = 1590 inh/km2). CONCLUSIONS The wide distribution of Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus observed confirmed the spread and establishment of these species in northern Spain. A new colonization area of Ae. japonicus in Europe was confirmed. Due to the potential impact of Aedes invasive mosquitoes on public health and according to our results, surveillance programs and control plans should be designed considering different urbanization gradients, types of environments, and population density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Cevidanes
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Fátima Goiri
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Jesús F. Barandika
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Patricia Vázquez
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Joseba Goikolea
- Subdirección de Salud Pública de Gipuzkoa, Eusko Jaurlaritza-Gobierno Vasco, Donostia, Gipuzkoa Spain
| | - Ander Zuazo
- Dirección de Sanidad Ambiental e Higiene Urbana, Área de Salud y Consumo del Ayuntamiento de Bilbao, Bilbao, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Natalia Etxarri
- Dirección de Medio Ambiente, Sección de Sanidad Alimentaria y Zoonosis del Ayuntamiento de Donostia, Donostia, Gipuzkoa Spain
| | - Gurutze Ocio
- Departamento de Deporte y Salud, Servicio de Salud Pública, Unidad Sanitaria de Consumo del Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba Spain
| | - Ana L. García-Pérez
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia Spain
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Nanfack-Minkeu F, Delong A, Luri M, Poelstra JW. Invasive Aedes japonicus Mosquitoes Dominate the Aedes Fauna Collected with Gravid Traps in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA. INSECTS 2023; 14:56. [PMID: 36661984 PMCID: PMC9861081 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae), or the Asian rock pool mosquito, is an invasive mosquito in Europe and America. It was first detected outside of Asia in 1990 in Oceania. It has since expanded to North America and Europe in 1998 and 2000, respectively. Even though it is classified as a secondary vector of pathogens, it is competent to several arboviruses and filarial worms, and it is contributing to the transmission of La Crosse virus (LACV) and West Nile virus (WNV). In this study, CDC light, BG-sentinel, and gravid traps were used to collect mosquitoes between June and October 2021, in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA. Morphological identification or/and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the collected mosquitoes. Our results revealed that (adult) Ae. japonicus mosquitoes were the most abundant mosquito species collected with gravid traps in Wooster in 2021, confirming its establishment in Ohio. Molecular analyses of Ae. japonicus showed 100% nucleotide similarity with Ae. japonicus collected in Iowa (USA) and Canada, suggesting multiple introductions. Its presence may increase the risk of future arbovirus outbreaks in Wooster, Ohio. This study stresses the importance of actively monitoring the density and distribution of all members of the Ae. japonicus complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Delong
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Moses Luri
- Departments of Economics, and Mathematical and Computational Sciences, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Jelmer W. Poelstra
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Peach DAH, Matthews BJ. The Invasive Mosquitoes of Canada: An Entomological, Medical, and Veterinary Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:231-244. [PMID: 35895394 PMCID: PMC9393454 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Several invasive mosquitoes have become established in Canada, including important pathogen vectors such as Aedes albopictus, Ae. japonicus, and Culex pipiens. Some species have been present for decades, while others are recent arrivals. Several species present new health concerns and may result in autochthonous seasonal outbreaks of pathogens, particularly in southern Canada, that were previously restricted to imported cases. This review provides an overview of current knowledge of the biological, medical, and veterinary perspectives of these invasive species and highlights the need for increased monitoring efforts and information sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. H. Peach
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Arnoldi I, Negri A, Soresinetti L, Brambilla M, Carraretto D, Montarsi F, Roberto P, Mosca A, Rubolini D, Bandi C, Epis S, Gabrieli P. Assessing the distribution of invasive Asian mosquitoes in Northern Italy and modelling the potential spread of Aedes koreicus in Europe. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106536. [PMID: 35609630 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, Aedes koreicus and Aedes japonicus japonicus mosquitoes, which are competent vectors for various arboviruses of public health relevance, colonised Italy and other European countries. Nevertheless, information about their current and potential distribution is partial. Accordingly, in this study four regions of Northern Italy (Lombardy, Liguria, Piedmont and Aosta Valley) were surveyed during 2021 for the presence of eggs, larvae and pupae of these two invasive species. We found evidence for a widespread presence of Ae. koreicus in pre-Alpine territories of Lombardy and Piedmont. Larvae from the invasive subspecies of Ae. j. japonicus were also collected in the same geographic areas, though they were less frequent. Occurrence data from this study and results from previous monitoring campaigns were used to generate a Maxent model for the prediction of habitat suitability for Ae. koreicus mosquitoes in Northern Italy and the rest of Europe. Peri-urban areas located in proximity to forests, pastures and vineyards were revealed as highly suitable environments for colonisation by this invasive species. Maps of the potential distribution also suggest the presence of further suitable areas in currently uncolonized countries. We conclude that this invasive mosquito species has the potential for a broad expansion at the European level in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Arnoldi
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy; University School of Advanced Studies Pavia, IUSS, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Agata Negri
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Laura Soresinetti
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Mattia Brambilla
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Davide Carraretto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy; University School of Advanced Studies Pavia, IUSS, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montarsi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Paolo Roberto
- Istituto per le Piante da Legno e l'Ambiente, I.P.L.A. S.p.A., Turin 10132, Italy
| | - Andrea Mosca
- Istituto per le Piante da Legno e l'Ambiente, I.P.L.A. S.p.A., Turin 10132, Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
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From a long-distance threat to the invasion front: a review of the invasive Aedes mosquito species in Belgium between 2007 and 2020. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:206. [PMID: 35698108 PMCID: PMC9195248 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive mosquito species (IMS) and their associated mosquito-borne diseases are emerging in Europe. In Belgium, the first detection of Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894) occurred in 2000 and of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald 1901) in 2002. Early detection and control of these IMS at points of entry (PoEs) are of paramount importance to slow down any possible establishment. This article reviews the introductions and establishments recorded of three IMS in Belgium based on published (2007–2014) and unpublished (2015–2020) data collected during several surveillance projects. In total, 52 PoEs were monitored at least once for the presence of IMS between 2007 and 2020. These included used tyre and lucky bamboo import companies, airports, ports, parking lots along highways, shelters for imported cutting plants, wholesale markets, industrial areas, recycling areas, cemeteries and an allotment garden at the country border with colonised areas. In general, monitoring was performed between April and November. Mosquitoes were captured with adult and oviposition traps as well as by larval sampling. Aedes albopictus was detected at ten PoEs, Ae. japonicus at three PoEs and Aedes koreicus (Edwards 1917) at two PoEs. The latter two species have established overwintering populations. The percentage of PoEs positive for Ae. albopictus increased significantly over years. Aedes albopictus is currently entering Belgium through lucky bamboo and used tyre trade and passive ground transport, while Ae. japonicus through used tyre trade and probably passive ground transport. In Belgium, the import through passive ground transport was first recorded in 2018 and its importance seems to be growing. Belgium is currently at the invasion front of Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus. The surveillance and control management actions at well-known PoEs associated to long-distance introductions are more straightforward than at less-defined PoEs associated with short-distance introductions from colonised areas. These latter PoEs represent a new challenge for IMS management in Belgium in the coming years. Aedes albopictus is expected to become established in Belgium in the coming years, hence increasing the likelihood of local arbovirus transmission. The implementation of a sustainable, structured and long-term IMS management programme, integrating active and passive entomological surveillance, vector control and Public Health surveillance is therefore pivotal.
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A Survey on Native and Invasive Mosquitoes and Other Biting Dipterans in Northern Spain. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:867-877. [PMID: 35298775 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Haematophagous Diptera, such as mosquitoes (Culicidae), biting midges (Ceratopogonidae), and black flies (Simuliidae), are important insects for public and animal health due to their capacity to bite and transmit pathogens. Outdoor recreation areas are usually affected by biting species and provide suitable habitats to both adult and immature stages. This study aimed to determine the species diversity and larval sites of these Diptera groups in two golf courses. METHODS A multi-method collection approach using ultraviolet-CDC traps, human landing catches, collection in breeding sites, and ovitraps was implemented during summer 2020 in northern Spain. Insects were determined by morphological features accompanied by DNA barcoding. RESULTS A total of ten native mosquito species were recorded either as adults or as larval stages. The invasive species Aedes japonicus was collected only at egg or pupa stage in ovitraps. Culex pipiens s.l. and Culex torrentium were both common mosquito species accounting for 47.9% of the total larval site collections and their larvae might be found in a wide range of natural and artificial sites. Culiseta longiareolata specimens were also prominent (30.1% of the total) and occurred exclusively in man-made water-filled containers. A total of 13 Culicoides species were identified, 10 of which were captured by ultraviolet-CDC traps, particularly members of the Obsoletus complex (Culicoides obsoletus/Culicoides scoticus, 74.9%) and seven species by emergence traps, being the two most abundant C. kibunensis (44.8%) and C. festivipennis (34.9%). Simulium cryophilum was also collected hovering around the operator under field sampling. CONCLUSION A comprehensive representation of the blood-sucking Diptera fauna and their larval sites was obtained by the multi-method approach in two Spanish golf courses.
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7
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Miranda MÁ, Barceló C, Arnoldi D, Augsten X, Bakran-Lebl K, Balatsos G, Bengoa M, Bindler P, Boršová K, Bourquia M, Bravo-Barriga D, Čabanová V, Caputo B, Christou M, Delacour S, Eritja R, Fassi-Fihri O, Ferraguti M, Flacio E, Frontera E, Fuehrer HP, García-Pérez AL, Georgiades P, Gewehr S, Goiri F, González MA, Gschwind M, Gutiérrez-López R, Horváth C, Ibáñez-Justicia A, Jani V, Kadriaj P, Kalan K, Kavran M, Klobucar A, Kurucz K, Lucientes J, Lühken R, Magallanes S, Marini G, Martinou AF, Michelutti A, Mihalca AD, Montalvo T, Montarsi F, Mourelatos S, Muja-Bajraktari N, Müller P, Notarides G, Osório HC, Oteo JA, Oter K, Pajović I, Palmer JRB, Petrinic S, Răileanu C, Ries C, Rogozi E, Ruiz-Arrondo I, Sanpera-Calbet I, Sekulić N, Sevim K, Sherifi K, Silaghi C, Silva M, Sokolovska N, Soltész Z, Sulesco T, Šušnjar J, Teekema S, Valsecchi A, Vasquez MI, Velo E, Michaelakis A, Wint W, Petrić D, Schaffner F, della Torre A. AIMSurv: First pan-European harmonized surveillance of Aedes invasive mosquito species of relevance for human vector-borne diseases. GIGABYTE 2022; 2022:gigabyte57. [PMID: 36824512 PMCID: PMC9930523 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal vector-borne diseases, particularly mosquito-borne diseases, are emerging or re-emerging worldwide. Six Aedes invasive mosquito (AIM) species were introduced to Europe since the 1970s: Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus, Ae. koreicus, Ae. atropalpus and Ae. triseriatus. Here, we report the results of AIMSurv2020, the first pan-European surveillance effort for AIMs. Implemented by 42 volunteer teams from 24 countries. And presented in the form of a dataset named "AIMSurv Aedes Invasive Mosquito species harmonized surveillance in Europe. AIM-COST Action. Project ID: CA17108". AIMSurv2020 harmonizes field surveillance methodologies for sampling different AIMs life stages, frequency and minimum length of sampling period, and data reporting. Data include minimum requirements for sample types and recommended requirements for those teams with more resources. Data are published as a Darwin Core archive in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility- Spain, comprising a core file with 19,130 records (EventID) and an occurrences file with 19,743 records (OccurrenceID). AIM species recorded in AIMSurv2020 were Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus and Ae. koreicus, as well as native mosquito species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Miranda
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Group, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Carlos Barceló
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Group, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Daniele Arnoldi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Xenia Augsten
- Kommunale Aktionsgemeinschaft zur Bekämpfung der Schnakenplage (KABS) e.V. Georg-Peter-Süß-Str. 3, 67346 Speyer, Germany
| | - Karin Bakran-Lebl
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Division for Public Health, Währinger Strasse 25a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - George Balatsos
- Laboratory of Insects & Parasites of Medical Importance, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, St. Delta 8, Kifisia 14561, Athens, Greece
| | - Mikel Bengoa
- Anticimex Spain, Carrer Jesús Serra Santamans 5 Planta 3, 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe Bindler
- Brigade Verte du Haut-Rhin, Service démoustication, 92 rue Mal. de Lattre de Tassigny, 68360 Soultz, France
| | - Kristina Boršová
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Bourquia
- Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat-Instituts 10100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Daniel Bravo-Barriga
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad, s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Viktória Čabanová
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Dep. Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Christou
- Environmental Predictions Department, Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sarah Delacour
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Zaragoza, University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roger Eritja
- Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martina Ferraguti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura Av. de Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eleonora Flacio
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Institute of Microbiology, Vector Ecology Unit, Via Flora Ruchat-Roncati 15, 6850 Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Eva Frontera
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad, s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Ana L. García-Pérez
- NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pantelis Georgiades
- Environmental Predictions Department, Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sandra Gewehr
- Ecodevelopment S.A., PO Box 2420, Thesi Mezaria, 57010 Filyro, Greece
| | - Fátima Goiri
- NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Martin Gschwind
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Universität Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Gutiérrez-López
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Group, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Cintia Horváth
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adolfo Ibáñez-Justicia
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, National Reference Centre, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Viola Jani
- Vectors’ Control Unit, Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Public Health, Rruga Aleksander Moisiu 80, Tirana, Albania
| | - Përparim Kadriaj
- Vectors’ Control Unit, Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Public Health, Rruga Aleksander Moisiu 80, Tirana, Albania
| | - Katja Kalan
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška ulica 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Kavran
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Klobucar
- Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska c. 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Javier Lucientes
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Zaragoza, University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Renke Lühken
- Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Arbovirology, Hamburg, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergio Magallanes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura Av. de Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Giovanni Marini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | | | - Alice Michelutti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Andrei Daniel Mihalca
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tomás Montalvo
- Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 8 entresol, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Montarsi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Spiros Mourelatos
- Ecodevelopment S.A., PO Box 2420, Thesi Mezaria, 57010 Filyro, Greece
| | - Nesade Muja-Bajraktari
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, Str. Eqrem Qabej 9, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Pie Müller
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Universität Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregoris Notarides
- Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Archiepiskopou Kyprianou 30, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Hugo Costa Osório
- National Institute of Health/ Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A. Oteo
- Center for Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-CIBIR, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Kerem Oter
- Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Buyukcekmece Yerleskesi, Alkent 2000 Mah, Yigitturk Cad. 5/9/1, 34500 Buyukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Igor Pajović
- University of Montenegro. Biotechnical Faculty, Mihaila Lalića 15, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - John R. B. Palmer
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Mosquito Alert, C/Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27. 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Suncica Petrinic
- Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska c. 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cristian Răileanu
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Christian Ries
- Luxembourg National Museum of Natural History, Rue Münster 25, L-2160, Luxembourg
| | - Elton Rogozi
- Vectors’ Control Unit, Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Public Health, Rruga Aleksander Moisiu 80, Tirana, Albania
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
- Center for Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-CIBIR, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Isis Sanpera-Calbet
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Mosquito Alert, C/Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27. 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nebojša Sekulić
- Institute for Public Health of Montenegro, bb John Jackson Street, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Kivanc Sevim
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kurtesh Sherifi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University Hasan Prishtina, M546+72H, Prishtinë, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Cornelia Silaghi
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Manuel Silva
- National Institute of Health/ Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nikolina Sokolovska
- PHI Center for Public Health-Skopje, blv.3rd Macedonian brigade 18, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Zoltán Soltész
- Centre for Ecological Research, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Alkotmány út 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Tatiana Sulesco
- Institute of Zoology, Ministry of Education and Research st. Academiei 1, Chisinau MD-2028, Republic of Moldova
| | - Jana Šušnjar
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška ulica 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Steffanie Teekema
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, National Reference Centre, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Valsecchi
- Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, Plaça Lesseps 8 entresol, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marlen Ines Vasquez
- Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Archiepiskopou Kyprianou 30, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Enkelejda Velo
- Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Vectors’ Control Unit, Rruga Aleksander Moisiu, No. 80, Tirana, Albania
| | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Laboratory of Insects & Parasites of Medical Importance, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, St. Delta 8, Kifisia 14561, Athens, Greece
| | - William Wint
- Environmental Research Group Oxford, c/o Department of Zoology, Mansfiled Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Dušan Petrić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Francis Schaffner
- Francis Schaffner Consultancy, Lörracherstrasse 50, 4125 Riehen, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra della Torre
- Dep. Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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8
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Bertola M, Mazzucato M, Pombi M, Montarsi F. Updated occurrence and bionomics of potential malaria vectors in Europe: a systematic review (2000-2021). Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:88. [PMID: 35292106 PMCID: PMC8922938 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the eradication of malaria across most European countries in the 1960s and 1970s, the anopheline vectors are still present. Most of the malaria cases that have been reported in Europe up to the present time have been infections acquired in endemic areas by travelers. However, the possibility of acquiring malaria by locally infected mosquitoes has been poorly investigated in Europe, despite autochthonous malaria cases having been occasionally reported in several European countries. Here we present an update on the occurrence of potential malaria vector species in Europe. Adopting a systematic review approach, we selected 288 papers published between 2000 and 2021 for inclusion in the review based on retrieval of accurate information on the following Anopheles species: An. atroparvus, An. hyrcanus sensu lato (s.l.), An. labranchiae, An. maculipennis sensu stricto (s.s.), An. messeae/daciae, An. sacharovi, An. superpictus and An. plumbeus. The distribution of these potential vector species across Europe is critically reviewed in relation to areas of major presence and principal bionomic features, including vector competence to Plasmodium. Additional information, such as geographical details, sampling approaches and species identification methods, are also reported. We compare the information on each species extracted from the most recent studies to comparable information reported from studies published in the early 2000s, with particular reference to the role of each species in malaria transmission before eradication. The picture that emerges from this review is that potential vector species are still widespread in Europe, with the largest diversity in the Mediterranean area, Italy in particular. Despite information on their vectorial capacity being fragmentary, the information retrieved suggests a re-definition of the relative importance of potential vector species, indicating An. hyrcanus s.l., An. labranchiae, An. plumbeus and An. sacharovi as potential vectors of higher importance, while An. messeae/daciae and An. maculipennis s.s. can be considered to be moderately important species. In contrast, An. atroparvus and An. superpictus should be considered as vectors of lower importance, particularly in relation to their low anthropophily. The presence of gaps in current knowledge of vectorial systems in Europe becomes evident in this review, not only in terms of vector competence but also in the definition of sampling approaches, highlighting the need for further research to adopt the appropriate surveillance system for each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bertola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Mazzucato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marco Pombi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Montarsi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.,Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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9
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Damiani C, Cappelli A, Comandatore F, Montarsi F, Serrao A, Michelutti A, Bertola M, Mancini MV, Ricci I, Bandi C, Favia G. Wolbachia in Aedes koreicus: Rare Detections and Possible Implications. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020216. [PMID: 35206789 PMCID: PMC8879236 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The emerging distribution of new alien mosquito species was recently described in Europe. In addition to the invasion of Aedes albopictus, several studies have focused on monitoring and controlling other invasive Aedes species, as Aedes koreicus and Aedes japonicus. Considering the increasing development of insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes, new control strategies, including the use of bacterial host symbionts, are proposed. However, little is known about the bacterial communities associated with these species, thus the identification of possible candidates for Symbiotic Control is currently limited. The characterization of the natural microbiota of field-collected Ae. koreicus mosquitoes from North-East Italy through PCR screening, identified native infections of Wolbachia in this species that is also largely colonized by Asaia bacteria. Since Asaia and Wolbachia are proposed as novel tools for Symbiotic Control, our study supports their use for innovative control strategies against new invasive species. Although the presence of Asaia was previously characterized in Ae. koreicus, our study characterized this Wolbachia strain, also inferring its phylogenetic position. The co-presence of Wolbachia and Asaia may provide additional information about microbial competition in mosquito, and to select suitable phenotypes for the suppression of pathogen transmission and for the manipulation of host reproduction in Ae. koreicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Damiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, CIRM Italian Malaria Network, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.D.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (I.R.)
- Biovecblok s.r.l., Via del Bastione 5, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessia Cappelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, CIRM Italian Malaria Network, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.D.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Francesco Comandatore
- Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi Pediatric Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Università di Milano, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Fabrizio Montarsi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (F.M.); (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Aurelio Serrao
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, CIRM Italian Malaria Network, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.D.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (I.R.)
- Biovecblok s.r.l., Via del Bastione 5, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alice Michelutti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (F.M.); (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Michela Bertola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (F.M.); (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Irene Ricci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, CIRM Italian Malaria Network, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.D.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi Pediatric Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Università di Milano, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Guido Favia
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, CIRM Italian Malaria Network, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.D.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (I.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-07-3740-3230
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10
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Kerkow A, Wieland R, Gethmann JM, Hölker F, Lentz HH. Linking a compartment model for West Nile virus with a flight simulator for vector mosquitoes. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Outammassine A, Zouhair S, Loqman S. Global potential distribution of three underappreciated arboviruses vectors (Aedes japonicus, Aedes vexans and Aedes vittatus) under current and future climate conditions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e1160-e1171. [PMID: 34821477 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) are expanding their geographic range, posing significant health threats to millions of people worldwide. This expansion is associated with efficient and suitable vector availability. Apart from the well-known Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, other Aedes species may potentially promote the geographic spread of arboviruses because these viruses have similar vector requirements. Aedes japonicus, Ae. vexans and Ae. vittatus are a growing concern, given their potential and known vector competence for several arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. In the present study, we developed detailed maps of their global potential distributions under both current and future (2050) climate conditions, using an ecological niche modeling approach (Maxent). Under present-day conditions, Ae. japonicus and Ae. vexans have suitable areas in the northeastern United States, across Europe and in southeastern China, whereas the tropical regions of South America, Africa and Asia are more suitable for Ae. vittatus. Future scenarios anticipated range changes for the three species, with each expected to expand into new areas that are currently not suitable. By 2050, Ae. japonicus will have a broader potential distribution across much of Europe, the United States, western Russia and central Asia. Aedes vexans may be able to expand its range, especially in Libya, Egypt and southern Australia. For Ae. vittatus, future projections indicated areas at risk in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. As such, these species deserve as much attention as Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus when processing arboviruses risk assessments and our findings may help to better understand the potential distribution of each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkrim Outammassine
- Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Said Zouhair
- Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.,Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology, Avicienne Hospital Military, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Souad Loqman
- Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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12
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Bang WJ, Won MH, Cho ST, Ryu J, Choi KS. A multiplex PCR assay for six Aedini species, including Aedes albopictus. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:380. [PMID: 34321059 PMCID: PMC8317425 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquitoes, as vectors of various human pathogens, are significant drivers of serious human illness. In particular, those species in the Aedini tribe, which typically transmit dengue virus, Chikungunya fever virus, and Zika virus, are increasing their range because of climate change and international commerce. In order to evaluate the risk of disease transmission, accurate mosquito species identification and monitoring are needed. The goal of this work was to develop a rapid and simple molecular diagnostic method for six morphologically similar Aedini species (Aedes flavopictus, Aedes albopictus, Ochlerotatus koreicus, Ochlerotatus japonicus, Ochlerotatus togoi and Ochlerotatus hatorii) in Korea. Methods A total of 109 samples were assayed in this study. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions from all six species were amplified, sequenced and analyzed using Mega 6. Following the identification of regions that were consistently different in terms of sequence between all six species, multiplex primers were designed to amplify these regions to generate species-specific fragments distinguishable by their size. Results Uniquely sized fragments were generated in Ae. flavopictus (495 bp), Ae. albopictus (438 bp), Oc. koreicus (361 bp), Oc. togoi (283 bp), Oc. hatorii (220 bp) and Oc. japonicus (160 bp). Pairwise distance analysis showed that the difference was 35.0 ± 1.5% between Aedes spp. and Ochlerotatus spp., 17.4 ± 0.2% between Ae. albopictus and Ae. flavopictus and 11.1 ± 0.3% between Oc. koreicus and Oc. japonicus. Conclusions In this study, a multiplex PCR assay for six species of the Aedini tribe was developed. This assay is more accurate than morphological identification and will be useful for monitoring and controlling these vector mosquitoes. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04871-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jun Bang
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Biology building 226, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu, Korea.,Research Institute for Dokdo and Ulleungdo Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min Hyeok Won
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Biology building 226, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu, Korea.,Research Institute for Dokdo and Ulleungdo Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong Tae Cho
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Biology building 226, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jihun Ryu
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Biology building 226, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu, Korea.,Research Institute for Dokdo and Ulleungdo Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kwang Shik Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Biology building 226, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu, Korea. .,Research Institute for Dokdo and Ulleungdo Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. .,Research Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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13
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Gradoni F, Bertola M, Carlin S, Accordi S, Toniolo F, Visentin P, Patregnani T, Adami S, Terzo L, Dal Pont M, Candela G, Qualizza D, Mulas A, Landini P, Olivo G, Palei M, Russo F, Martini S, Michelutti A. Geographical data on the occurrence and spreading of invasive Aedes mosquito species in Northeast Italy. Data Brief 2021; 36:107047. [PMID: 33997197 PMCID: PMC8099600 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports data on the occurrence and spread of three invasive mosquito species: Aedes japonicus, Aedes koreicus, and Aedes albopictus in two regions of Northeast Italy; resulting from larval and adult collections performed during the 2011-2020 period in the framework of different projects. Routine species identification was performed using morphological characters and complemented by molecular methods when required. For the years 2019 and 2020, detailed data are reported which update previous information on municipalities and sites where these species have been detected. Geo-referenced information on the presence of invasive mosquitoes is reported and demonstrated on maps. Additional data on the nature of breeding sites and the finding of native mosquito species in the same collections are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gradoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Bertola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Carlin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Sonia Accordi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Toniolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Adami
- AULSS 9 Scaligera-Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Terzo
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione-Distretto 2,ULSS7, Thiene, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Marco Dal Pont
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione-Servizio Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, ULSS 1, Belluno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Candela
- Servizio Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Davide Qualizza
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione Udine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Italy
| | - Andrea Mulas
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione Udine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Italy
| | - Pasquale Landini
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Graziano Olivo
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Gorizia, Italy
| | - Manlio Palei
- Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia, Direzione Centrale Salute, Integrazione Sociosanitaria e Politiche Sociali-Servizio Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Russo
- Regione Veneto, Direzione Prevenzione, Sicurezza alimentare, Veterinaria U.O. Prevenzione e Sanità Pubblica, Venice, Italy
| | | | - Alice Michelutti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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14
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Bušić N, Kučinić M, Merdić E, Bruvo-Mađarić B. Diversity of mosquito fauna (Diptera, Culicidae) in higher-altitude regions of Croatia. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2021; 46:65-75. [PMID: 35229583 DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-46.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and the accompanying rise in temperature could affect the biology and ecology of a number of vectors, including mosquitoes. High altitude areas that were previously unsuitable for the spread of mosquito vector populations could become suitable. The aim of this research was to study the distribution of mosquito species in higher altitude regions of Croatia. Samples were collected in three areas: Slavonian Mountains, Gorski Kotar, and Middle Velebit. Specimens were morphologically determined and confirmed by DNA barcoding and other genetic markers and showed the presence of 16 species belonging to six genera. The most abundant species were the Culex pipiens complex with 50% of the collected specimens. Both pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) and molestus (Forskal, 1775) biotypes and their hybrids were identified within the complex, followed by Culex torrentium (Martini, 1925) (20.2%), Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart, 1838) (8.5%), and the invasive species Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901) (7.8% of the total number of collected specimens). The remaining 12 species made up 14.7% of the collected specimens. Intraspecific COI p-distances were within the standard barcoding threshold for OTUs, while interspecific genetic distances were much higher, confirming the existence of barcoding gaps. Mosquito fauna of Croatian mountains showed a moderate variety and made 30.8% of the total number of recorded mosquito species in Croatia thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Bušić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mladen Kučinić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Enrih Merdić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Osijek, Croatia
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15
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Riebenbauer K, Weber PB, Walochnik J, Karlhofer F, Winkler S, Dorfer S, Auer H, Valencak J, Laimer M, Handisurya A. Human dirofilariosis in Austria: the past, the present, the future. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:227. [PMID: 33926526 PMCID: PMC8082911 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dirofilariosis is a vector-borne parasitosis caused by filarial nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria. In humans, who represent accidental hosts, dirofilariosis is mostly caused by Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis. In Austria, the first reported case occurred in 1978. Since then, several (case) reports have been published. Methods A systematic and retrospective review of collected published cases and new, unpublished confirmed cases of human dirofilariosis occurring in Austria was performed. A nematode was extracted from the eyelid of a previously unreported case and subsequently characterized histologically and using molecular biology techniques. Results Data on a total of 39 cases of human dirofilariosis in Austria occurring between 1978 and 2020 are summarized. Over the past four decades the incidence has markedly increased, in particular after 1998. Of the 39 patients, men and women were equally affected, and the mean age was 47.1 years. The area most frequently affected was the head (38.5% of cases). Confined ocular involvement was observed in 23.1% of cases, and nematodes were isolated from the neck/trunk, extremities and the genito-inguinal area in 25.6, 15.4 and 15.4% of patients, respectively. Microfilariae were detected in two cases. Of the 39 patients, only 73.9% tested positive for anti-filarial antibodies and 56.3% for eosinophilia, despite successful isolation of a nematode; consequently, these measures did not represent reliable markers for dirofilariosis. Most patients had a travel history to countries endemic for Dirofilaria species. One patient who had not traveled abroad represented the only autochthonous case recorded to date. Dirofilaria repens was the predominant species, identified in 89.7% of cases. In the newly reported case of subcutaneous dirofilariosis, a live non-gravid Dirofilaria repens adult female of 12 cm length was isolated from the eyelid of the patient, and a video of the extraction is provided. Conclusions The incidence of human dirofilariosis cases has increased strikingly over the last four decades in Austria. More cases can be expected in the foreseeable future due to changes in human behavior and (travel) activities as well as climate changes and the associated alterations in the availability of the natural reservoir, the vectors and the intrinsic characteristics of the parasite. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04696-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Riebenbauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp B Weber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Walochnik
- Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Karlhofer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Dorfer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Auer
- Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Valencak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Laimer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alessandra Handisurya
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Horváth C, Cazan CD, Mihalca AD. Emergence of the invasive Asian bush mosquito, Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus japonicus, in an urban area, Romania. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:192. [PMID: 33827665 PMCID: PMC8024677 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A study conducted at the International Airport of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, with the aim of investigating the presence/absence of invasive Aedes mosquito species resulted in finding Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald 1901) eggs in one of the ovitraps placed on site. Methods The study was carried out between 30 June and 29 September 2020. On 24 August, 26 eggs were collected and later hatched at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca’s insectary. On 15 October another adult female Ae. japonicus was caught entering a building in the center of the city, about 7 km from the first sampling spot. Results The mosquitoes were identified morphologically and confirmed by molecular analysis, based on the genetic analysis of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI). Conclusion This is the first report of the species in Romania, highlighting the need for surveillance and implemented control methods. However, in Romania to our knowledge only Aedes albopictus has been established; further studies are required to learn about this new invasive species' status in Romania. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Horváth
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Daniela Cazan
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,CDS-9, "Regele Mihai I al României" Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Daniel Mihalca
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Bates TA, Chuong C, Rai P, Marano J, Waldman A, Klinger A, Reinhold JM, Lahondère C, Weger-Lucarelli J. American Aedes japonicus japonicus, Culex pipiens pipiens, and Culex restuans mosquitoes have limited transmission capacity for a recent isolate of Usutu virus. Virology 2021; 555:64-70. [PMID: 33454558 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV; Flavivirus) has caused massive die-offs in birds across Europe since the 1950s. Although rare, severe neurologic disease in humans has been reported. USUV is genetically related to West Nile virus (WNV) and shares an ecological niche, suggesting it could spread from Europe to the Americas. USUV's risk of transmission within the United States is currently unknown. To this end, we exposed field-caught Aedes japonicus, Culex pipiens pipiens, and Culex restuans-competent vectors for WNV-to a recent European isolate of USUV. While infection rates for each species varied from 7%-21%, no dissemination or transmission was observed. These results differed from a 2018 report by Cook and colleagues, who found high dissemination rates and evidence of transmission potential using a different USUV strain, U.S. mosquito populations, temperature, and extrinsic incubation period. Future studies should evaluate the impact of these experimental conditions on USUV transmission by North American mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Bates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Christina Chuong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Pallavi Rai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Marano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Aaron Waldman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Amy Klinger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Joanna M Reinhold
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Chloé Lahondère
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; The Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA; The Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Früh L, Kampen H, Koban MB, Pernat N, Schaub GA, Werner D. Oviposition of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) and associated native species in relation to season, temperature and land use in western Germany. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:623. [PMID: 33334377 PMCID: PMC7744736 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes japonicus japonicus, first detected in Europe in 2000 and considered established in Germany 10 years later, is of medical importance due to its opportunistic biting behaviour and its potential to transmit pathogenic viruses. Its seasonal phenology, temperature and land use preference related to oviposition in newly colonised regions remain unclear, especially in the context of co-occurring native mosquito species. METHODS Focussing on regions in Germany known to be infested by Ae. japonicus japonicus, we installed ovitraps in different landscapes and their transition zones and recorded the oviposition activity of mosquitoes in relation to season, temperature and land use (arable land, forest, settlement) in two field seasons (May-August 2017, April-November 2018). RESULTS Ae. japonicus japonicus eggs and larvae were encountered in 2017 from June to August and in 2018 from May to November, with a markedly high abundance from June to September in rural transition zones between forest and settlement, limited to water temperatures below 30 °C. Of the three native mosquito taxa using the ovitraps, the most frequent was Culex pipiens s.l., whose offspring was found in high numbers from June to August at water temperatures of up to 35 °C. The third recorded species, Anopheles plumbeus, rarely occurred in ovitraps positioned in settlements and on arable land, but was often associated with Ae. japonicus japonicus. The least frequent species, Aedes geniculatus, was mostly found in ovitraps located in the forest. CONCLUSIONS The transition zone between forest and settlement was demonstrated to be the preferred oviposition habitat of Ae. japonicus japonicus, where it was also the most frequent container-inhabiting mosquito species in this study. Compared to native taxa, Ae. japonicus japonicus showed an extended seasonal activity period, presumably due to tolerance of colder water temperatures. Higher water temperatures and arable land represent distribution barriers to this species. The frequently co-occurring native species An. plumbeus might be useful as an indicator for potentially suitable oviposition habitats of Ae. japonicus japonicus in hitherto uncolonised regions. The results contribute to a better understanding of mosquito ecology and provide a basis for more targeted monitoring, distribution modelling and risk management of mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Früh
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcel B. Koban
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadja Pernat
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Günter A. Schaub
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Doreen Werner
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
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Day CA, Lewandowski K, Vonesh JR, Byrd BD. Phenology of Rock Pool Mosquitoes in the Southern Appalachian Mountains: Surveys Reveal Apparent Winter Hatching of Aedes japonicus and the Potential For Asymmetrical Stage-Specific Interactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2020; 36:216-226. [PMID: 33647114 DOI: 10.2987/20-6964.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The North American rock pool mosquito, Aedes atropalpus, has reportedly decreased in abundance following the introduction of Ae. japonicus japonicus to the USA, but the specific mechanisms responsible for the reduction remain unclear. Thus, there is a need for field studies to improve our knowledge of natural rock pool systems where both species co-occur. We sampled rock pool invertebrates over a 12-month period along the Chattooga River at a high-elevation site (728 m) near Cashiers, NC, and at a lower-elevation site (361 m) near Clayton, GA. We identified 12 orders of macroinvertebrates representing at least 19 families and 5 mosquito species. Aedes j. japonicus was present year-round at both sites. We observed overwintering Ae. j. japonicus larvae in pools with water temperatures as cold as 3°C and detected apparent winter egg hatching in water below 10°C. Aedes atropalpus was rarely encountered at the high-elevation site but was highly abundant in the summer months at the low-elevation site. Late-stage Ae. j. japonicus larvae inhabited pools in March 2019 when Ae. atropalpus first appeared in the same pools, creating the potential for asymmetrical stage-specific interactions. Our observations provide evidence of overwintering and early hatching of Ae. j. japonicus in the southeastern climate. Further study of the importance of stage-dependent competition and winter egg hatching of diapausing Ae. j. japonicus eggs is warranted.
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Buezo Montero S, Gabrieli P, Montarsi F, Borean A, Capelli S, De Silvestro G, Forneris F, Pombi M, Breda A, Capelli G, Arcà B. IgG Antibody Responses to the Aedes albopictus 34k2 Salivary Protein as Novel Candidate Marker of Human Exposure to the Tiger Mosquito. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:377. [PMID: 32850479 PMCID: PMC7405501 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes of the Aedes genus transmit arboviruses of great importance to human health as dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. The tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus can play an important role as arboviral vector, especially when Aedes aegypti is absent or present at low levels. Remarkably, the rapid worldwide spreading of the tiger mosquito is expanding the risk of arboviral transmission also to temperate areas, and the autochthonous cases of chikungunya, dengue and Zika in Europe emphasize the need for improved monitoring and control. Proteomic and transcriptomic studies on blood feeding arthropod salivary proteins paved the way toward the exploitation of genus-specific mosquito salivary proteins for the development of novel tools to evaluate human exposure to mosquito bites. We previously found that the culicine-specific 34k2 salivary protein from Ae. albopictus (al34k2) evokes specific IgG responses in experimentally exposed mice, and provided preliminary evidence of its immunogenicity to humans. In this study we measured IgG responses to al34k2 and to Ae. albopictus salivary gland protein extracts (SGE) in individuals naturally exposed to the tiger mosquito. Sera were collected in two areas of Northeast Italy (Padova and Belluno) during two different time periods: at the end of the low- and shortly after the high-density mosquito seasons. Anti-SGE and anti-al34k2 IgG levels increased after the summer period of exposure to mosquito bites and were higher in Padova as compared to Belluno. An age-dependent decrease of anti-saliva IgG responses was found especially in Padova, an area with at least 25 years history of Ae. albopictus colonization. Moreover, a weak correlation between anti-saliva IgG levels and individual perception of mosquito bites by study participants was found. Finally, determination of anti-al34k2 IgG1 and IgG4 levels indicated a large predominance of IgG1 antibodies. Overall, this study provides a convincing indication that antibody responses to al34k2 may be regarded as a reliable candidate marker to detect temporal and/or spatial variation of human exposure to Ae. albopictus; a serological tool of this kind may prove useful both for epidemiological studies and to estimate the effectiveness of anti-vectorial measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buezo Montero
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montarsi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Borean
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, San Martino Hospital, Belluno, Italy
| | - Stefano Capelli
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, San Martino Hospital, Belluno, Italy
| | | | - Federico Forneris
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Pombi
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Breda
- Coordinamento Regionale Attività Trasfusionali (CRAT), Padova, Italy
| | - Gioia Capelli
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Arcà
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Fuehrer HP, Schoener E, Weiler S, Barogh BS, Zittra C, Walder G. Monitoring of alien mosquitoes in Western Austria (Tyrol, Austria, 2018). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008433. [PMID: 32574163 PMCID: PMC7337398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are of major importance to human and animal health due to their ability to transmit various pathogens. In Europe the role of mosquitoes in public health has increased with the introduction of alien Aedes mosquitoes such as the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus; the Asian bush mosquito, Ae. japonicus; and Ae. koreicus. In Austria, Ae. japonicus has established populations in various regions of the country. Aedes albopictus is not known to overwinter in Austria, although isolated findings of eggs and adult female mosquitoes have been previously reported, especially in Tyrol. Aedes koreicus had not so far been found in Austria. Within the framework of an alien mosquito surveillance program in the Austrian province of Tyrol, ovitraps were set up weekly from May to October, 2018, at 67 sites– 17 in East Tyrol and 50 in North Tyrol. Sampling was performed at highways and at urban and rural areas. DNA obtained from mosquito eggs was barcoded using molecular techniques and sequences were analysed to species level. Eggs of alien Aedes species were found at 18 out of 67 sites (27%). Both Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus were documented at highways and urban areas in both East and North Tyrol. Aedes koreicus was found in East Tyrol. During this mosquito surveillance program, eggs of Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus, and Ae. koreicus were documented in the Austrian province of Tyrol. These findings not only show highways to be points of entry, but also point to possible establishment processes of Ae. japonicus in Tyrol. Moreover, Ae. koreicus was documented in Austria for the first time. The importance of mosquitoes for Public Health in Europe increased dramatically with the introduction of alien species considered to be competent vectors of important human pathogens (e.g. dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses), which autochthonous mosquitoes are not yet known to transmit. The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus), the Asian bush mosquito (Aedes japonicus), and Aedes koreicus are particularly of relevance, as they are expanding their range in Europe. Tyrol, a region in the Alps with main transport routes from Italy to Germany is of high relevance for the spread of potential invasive, alien Aedes mosquitoes. In this study, we demonstrate highways to be points of entry, and point to possible establishment of the Asian tiger mosquito and the East Asian bush mosquito in Tyrol (findings at highways and urban areas). Moreover, we report the first findings of Ae. koreicus in Austria, this species having most probably spread from neighbouring populations in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Fuehrer
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Ellen Schoener
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bita Shahi Barogh
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Zittra
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Walder
- Dr. Gernot Walder GmbH, Austria
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Cunze S, Kochmann J, Klimpel S. Global occurrence data improve potential distribution models for Aedes japonicus japonicus in non-native regions. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1814-1822. [PMID: 31814250 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is great interest in modelling the distribution of invasive species, particularly from the point of view of management. However, distribution modelling for invasive species using ecological niche models (ENMs) involves multiple challenges. Owing to the short time span since the introduction or arrival of a non-indigenous species and the associated dispersal limitations, applying regular ENMs at an early stage of the invasion process may result in an underestimation of the potential niche in the new ranges. This topic is dealt with here using the example of Aedes japonicus japonicus, a vector competent mosquito species for a number of diseases. RESULTS We found high niche unfilling for the species' non-native range niches in Europe and North America compared with the native range niche, which can be explained by the early stage of the invasion process. Comparing four different ENMs based on: (i) the European and (ii) the North American non-native range occurrence data, (iii) (derived) native range occurrence data, and (iv) all available occurrence data together, we found large differences in the projected climatic suitability, with the global data model projecting larger areas with climatic suitability. CONCLUSION ENM in biological invasions can be challenging, especially when distribution data are only poorly available. We suggest one possible way to project climatic suitability for Aedes j. japonicus despite poor data availability for the non-native ranges and missing occurrences from the native range. We discuss aspects of the lack of information and the associated implications for modelling. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cunze
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Judith Kochmann
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
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Couret J, Notarangelo M, Veera S, LeClaire-Conway N, Ginsberg HS, LeBrun RL. Biological control of Aedes mosquito larvae with carnivorous aquatic plant, Utricularia macrorhiza. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:208. [PMID: 32317006 PMCID: PMC7175535 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological controls with predators of larval mosquito vectors have historically focused almost exclusively on insectivorous animals, with few studies examining predatory plants as potential larvacidal agents. In this study, we experimentally evaluate a generalist plant predator of North America, Utricularia macrorhiza, the common bladderwort, and evaluate its larvacidal efficiency for the mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in no-choice, laboratory experiments. We sought to determine first, whether U. macrorhiza is a competent predator of container-breeding mosquitoes, and secondly, its predation efficiency for early and late instar larvae of each mosquito species. METHODS Newly hatched, first-instar Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti larvae were separately exposed in cohorts of 10 to field-collected U. macrorhiza cuttings. Data on development time and larval survival were collected on a daily basis to ascertain the effectiveness of U. macrorhiza as a larval predator. Survival models were used to assess differences in larval survival between cohorts that were exposed to U. macrorhiza and those that were not. A permutation analysis was used to investigate whether storing U. macrorhiza in laboratory conditions for extended periods of time (1 month vs 6 months) affected its predation efficiency. RESULTS Our results indicated a 100% and 95% reduction of survival of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae, respectively, in the presence of U. macrorhiza relative to controls within five days, with peak larvacidal efficiency in plant cuttings from ponds collected in August. Utricularia macrorhiza cuttings, which were prey-deprived, and maintained in laboratory conditions for 6 months were more effective larval predators than cuttings, which were maintained prey-free for 1 month. CONCLUSIONS Due to the combination of high predation efficiency and the unique biological feature of facultative predation, we suggest that U. macrorhiza warrants further development as a method for larval mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannelle Couret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Woodward Hall, 9 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, USA
| | - Marco Notarangelo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Woodward Hall, 9 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, USA
| | - Sarashwathy Veera
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Woodward Hall, 9 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, USA
| | - Noah LeClaire-Conway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Woodward Hall, 9 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, USA
| | - Howard S. Ginsberg
- U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Coastal Field Station, Kingston, USA
| | - Roger L. LeBrun
- Department of Plant Sciences and Entomology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, USA
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Nebbak A, Almeras L. Identification of Aedes mosquitoes by MALDI-TOF MS biotyping using protein signatures from larval and pupal exuviae. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:161. [PMID: 32238178 PMCID: PMC7110738 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) biotyping is an innovative strategy, applied successfully for the identification of numerous arthropod families including mosquitoes. The effective mosquito identification using this emerging tool was demonstrated possible at different steps of their life-cycle, including eggs, immature and adult stages. Unfortunately, for species identification by MS, the euthanasia of the mosquito specimen is required. METHODS To avoid mosquito euthanasia, the present study assessed whether aedine mosquitoes could be identified by MALDI-TOF MS biotyping, using their respective exuviae. In this way, exuviae from the fourth-instar and pupal stages of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti were submitted to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. RESULTS Reproducible and specific MS spectra according to aedine species and stage of exuviae were observed which were objectified by cluster analyses, composite correlation index (CCI) tool and principal components analysis (PCA). The query of our reference MS spectra database (DB) upgraded with MS spectra of exuviae from fourth-instar larvae and pupae of both Aedes species revealed that 100% of the samples were correctly classified at the species and stage levels. Among them, 93.8% (135/144) of the MS profiles reached the threshold log score value (LSV > 1.8) for reliable identification. CONCLUSIONS The extension of reference MS spectra DB to exuviae from fourth-instar and pupal stages made now possible the identification of mosquitoes throughout their life-cycle at aquatic and aerial stages. The exuviae presenting the advantage to avoid specimen euthanasia, allowing to perform complementary analysis on alive mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Nebbak
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), Zone Industrielle, BP 384 Bou-Ismail, Tipaza, Algérie
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France. .,Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France. .,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Somboon P, Phanitchakun T, Namgay R, Harbach RE. Description of Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) bhutanensis n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Bhutan. Acta Trop 2020; 203:105280. [PMID: 31877284 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new species of the subgenus Hulecoeteomyia of the genus Aedes reared from pupae found with two larvae in a small pool on a log in mountainous forest of Bhutan is diagnosed and formally named Aedes bhutanensis Somboon & Harbach, n. sp. The specific status of the species is supported by differential morphological characters of females, larvae and pupae, and sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene. Dichotomous keys are provided for identification of the adult females and larvae of the species of the subgenus.
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Oliveira-Christe R, Medeiros-Sousa AR, Fernandes A, Ceretti-Júnior W, Marrelli MT. Distribution of Culex (Microculex) (Diptera: Culicidae) in forest cover gradients. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105264. [PMID: 31770518 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Microculex is a subgenus of wild mosquitoes belonging to genus Culex, closely related to preserved environments. Its immature forms are generally associated with natural breeding sites, especially bromeliads. Recent years have witnessed the presence of some Microculex species in anthropic environments, including immature forms in artificial breeding sites, which may represent an adaptive tendency. This study aimed to investigate the variation in the abundance and dispersal of Microculex species in environments with different forest cover proportions. Three sites with different proportions of plant cover (60%, 70%, and 90%) were selected in an environmental protection area in the city of São Paulo, with varying degrees of modification and human presence. Collection was performed from March 2015 to April 2017, targeting bromeliads and artificial containers. Variations in the species' richness, composition, and abundance in different environments were analyzed. Variations in mean abundance and larval density between the different forest cover gradients were analyzed with generalized linear mixed-effects models. A total of 1,028 specimens belonging to 14 species were collected. Richness and composition were similar across the environments. Culex (Mcx.) imitator and Cx. (Mcx.) pleuristriatus were the most abundant species. The results showed a relationship between forest cover reduction and an increase in larval abundance and density for Cx. (Mcx.) pleuristriatus. Cx. (Mcx.) imitator showed a decrease in larval abundance related to a reduction in forest cover. Species from Pleuristriatus Series were found both in bromeliads and in artificial breeding sites. The findings emphasize that the Microculex Group of mosquitoes is not limited to preserved environments, but that some species such as Cx. (Mcx.) pleuristriatus appear to be well-adapted to areas impacted by human activity, colonizing artificial breeding sites, which may suggest a possible domiciliation process.
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Active dispersion, habitat requirements and human biting behaviour of the invasive mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) in Hungary. Parasitol Res 2019; 119:403-410. [PMID: 31873769 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aedes japonicus japonicus is endemic in a number of countries in eastern Asia but has been accidently introduced into many regions of the world including Europe. It was first detected in Hungary in 2012. In 2017, robust populations of the species were found at Lake Balaton, one of the most important tourist destinations in Central Europe. Based on the experience gathered in the above localities, habitat requirements, dispersion abilities and human biting behaviour of the species were studied in western Hungary during 2017 and 2018. Our results show that (a) a few years after its detection at the Slovenian-Hungarian border, Ae. j. japonicus is widespread in at least two-thirds of the western half of Hungary; (b) the species spreads quickly in ecological corridors formed by mosaics of rural areas, detached houses, gardens and small forest patches; (c) Ae. j. japonicus occupies artificial containers; (d) expansion of the species into new areas is slowed by extensive closed forest patches.
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