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More NE, Mandlik R, Zine S, Gawali VS, Godad AP. Exploring the therapeutic opportunities of potassium channels for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1286069. [PMID: 38783950 PMCID: PMC11111972 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1286069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects the synovial joint, which leads to inflammation, loss of function, joint destruction, and disability. The disease biology of RA involves complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors and is strongly associated with various immune cells, and each of the cell types contributes differently to disease pathogenesis. Several immunomodulatory molecules, such as cytokines, are secreted from the immune cells and intervene in the pathogenesis of RA. In immune cells, membrane proteins such as ion channels and transporters mediate the transport of charged ions to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Ion channels control the membrane potential and effector functions such as cytotoxic activity. Moreover, clinical studies investigating patients with mutations and alterations in ion channels and transporters revealed their importance in effective immune responses. Recent studies have shown that voltage-gated potassium channels and calcium-activated potassium channels and their subtypes are involved in the regulation of immune cells and RA. Due to the role of these channels in the pathogenesis of RA and from multiple pieces of clinical evidence, they can be considered therapeutic targets for the treatment of RA. Here, we describe the role of voltage-gated and calcium-activated potassium channels and their subtypes in RA and their pharmacological application as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Mandlik
- Medical Affairs, Shalina Healthcare DMCC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandip Zine
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Angel Pavalu Godad
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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2
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Gu Y, Hu Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Xu K, Su J. Single-cell RNA sequencing in osteoarthritis. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13517. [PMID: 37317049 PMCID: PMC10693192 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a progressive and heterogeneous joint disease with complex pathogenesis. The various phenotypes associated with each patient suggest that better subgrouping of tissues associated with genotypes in different phases of osteoarthritis may provide new insights into the onset and progression of the disease. Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing was used to describe osteoarthritis pathogenesis on a high-resolution view surpassing traditional technologies. Herein, this review summarizes the microstructural changes in articular cartilage, meniscus, synovium and subchondral bone that are mainly due to crosstalk amongst chondrocytes, osteoblasts, fibroblasts and endothelial cells during osteoarthritis progression. Next, we focus on the promising targets discovered by single-cell RNA sequencing and its potential applications in target drugs and tissue engineering. Additionally, the limited amount of research on the evaluation of bone-related biomaterials is reviewed. Based on the pre-clinical findings, we elaborate on the potential clinical values of single-cell RNA sequencing for the therapeutic strategies of osteoarthritis. Finally, a perspective on the future development of patient-centred medicine for osteoarthritis therapy combining other single-cell multi-omics technologies is discussed. This review will provide new insights into osteoarthritis pathogenesis on a cellular level and the field of applications of single-cell RNA sequencing in personalized therapeutics for osteoarthritis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Gu
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Hu
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Zhongye HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
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3
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Takács R, Kovács P, Ebeid RA, Almássy J, Fodor J, Ducza L, Barrett-Jolley R, Lewis R, Matta C. Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels in Progenitor Cells of Musculoskeletal Tissues: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076796. [PMID: 37047767 PMCID: PMC10095002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders represent one of the main causes of disability worldwide, and their prevalence is predicted to increase in the coming decades. Stem cell therapy may be a promising option for the treatment of some of the musculoskeletal diseases. Although significant progress has been made in musculoskeletal stem cell research, osteoarthritis, the most-common musculoskeletal disorder, still lacks curative treatment. To fine-tune stem-cell-based therapy, it is necessary to focus on the underlying biological mechanisms. Ion channels and the bioelectric signals they generate control the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of musculoskeletal progenitor cells. Calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (KCa) channels are key players in cell physiology in cells of the musculoskeletal system. This review article focused on the big conductance (BK) KCa channels. The regulatory function of BK channels requires interactions with diverse sets of proteins that have different functions in tissue-resident stem cells. In this narrative review article, we discuss the main ion channels of musculoskeletal stem cells, with a focus on calcium-dependent potassium channels, especially on the large conductance BK channel. We review their expression and function in progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration and highlight gaps in current knowledge on their involvement in musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Takács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Patrik Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rana Abdelsattar Ebeid
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1428 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Ducza
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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4
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Tanner MR, Huq R, Sikkema WKA, Nilewski LG, Yosef N, Schmitt C, Flores-Suarez CP, Raugh A, Laragione T, Gulko PS, Tour JM, Beeton C. Antioxidant Carbon Nanoparticles Inhibit Fibroblast-Like Synoviocyte Invasiveness and Reduce Disease Severity in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1005. [PMID: 33081234 PMCID: PMC7602875 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species have been involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our goal was to determine the effects of selectively scavenging superoxide (O2•-) and hydroxyl radicals with antioxidant nanoparticles, called poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs), on the pathogenic functions of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and on the progression of an animal model of RA. We used human FLS from patients with RA to determine PEG-HCC internalization and effects on FLS cytotoxicity, invasiveness, proliferation, and production of proteases. We used the pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) rat model of RA to assess the benefits of PEG-HCCs on reducing disease severity. PEG-HCCs were internalized by RA-FLS, reduced their intracellular O2•-, and reduced multiple measures of their pathogenicity in vitro, including proliferation and invasion. In PIA, PEG-HCCs caused a 65% reduction in disease severity, as measured by a standardized scoring system of paw inflammation and caused a significant reduction in bone and tissue damage, and circulating rheumatoid factor. PEG-HCCs did not induce lymphopenia during PIA. Our study demonstrated a role for O2•- and hydroxyl radicals in the pathogenesis of a rat model of RA and showed efficacy of PEG-HCCs in treating a rat model of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.T.); (R.H.); (N.Y.); (C.S.); (C.P.F.-S.); (A.R.)
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Redwan Huq
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.T.); (R.H.); (N.Y.); (C.S.); (C.P.F.-S.); (A.R.)
- Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William K. A. Sikkema
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (W.K.A.S.); (L.G.N.)
| | - Lizanne G. Nilewski
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (W.K.A.S.); (L.G.N.)
| | - Nejla Yosef
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.T.); (R.H.); (N.Y.); (C.S.); (C.P.F.-S.); (A.R.)
- Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cody Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.T.); (R.H.); (N.Y.); (C.S.); (C.P.F.-S.); (A.R.)
| | - Carlos P. Flores-Suarez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.T.); (R.H.); (N.Y.); (C.S.); (C.P.F.-S.); (A.R.)
- Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arielle Raugh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.T.); (R.H.); (N.Y.); (C.S.); (C.P.F.-S.); (A.R.)
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Teresina Laragione
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11030, USA; (T.L.); (P.S.G.)
| | - Pércio S. Gulko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11030, USA; (T.L.); (P.S.G.)
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (W.K.A.S.); (L.G.N.)
- The NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.T.); (R.H.); (N.Y.); (C.S.); (C.P.F.-S.); (A.R.)
- Center for Drug Discovery and Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Ca2+- and voltage-gated K+ channels of large conductance (BK channels) are expressed in a diverse variety of both excitable and inexcitable cells, with functional properties presumably uniquely calibrated for the cells in which they are found. Although some diversity in BK channel function, localization, and regulation apparently arises from cell-specific alternative splice variants of the single pore-forming α subunit ( KCa1.1, Kcnma1, Slo1) gene, two families of regulatory subunits, β and γ, define BK channels that span a diverse range of functional properties. We are just beginning to unravel the cell-specific, physiological roles served by BK channels of different subunit composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Christopher J Lingle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
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Haidar O, O'Neill N, Staunton CA, Bavan S, O'Brien F, Zouggari S, Sharif U, Mobasheri A, Kumagai K, Barrett-Jolley R. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Drive Deregulation of Potassium Channel Expression in Primary Synovial Fibroblasts. Front Physiol 2020; 11:226. [PMID: 32265733 PMCID: PMC7105747 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The synovium secretes synovial fluid, but is also richly innervated with nociceptors and acts as a gateway between avascular joint tissues and the circulatory system. Resident fibroblast-like synoviocytes' (FLS) calcium-activated potassium channels (K Ca) change in activity in arthritis models and this correlates with FLS activation. Objective To investigate this activation in an in vitro model of inflammatory arthritis; 72 h treatment with cytokines TNFα and IL1β. Methods FLS cells were isolated from rat synovial membranes. We analyzed global changes in FLS mRNA by RNA-sequencing, then focused on FLS ion channel genes and the corresponding FLS electrophysiological phenotype and finally modeling data with ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and MATLAB. Results IPA showed significant activation of inflammatory, osteoarthritic and calcium signaling canonical pathways by cytokines, and we identified ∼200 channel gene transcripts. The large K Ca (BK) channel consists of the pore forming Kcnma1 together with β-subunits. Following cytokine treatment, a significant increase in Kcnma1 RNA abundance was detected by qPCR and changes in several ion channels were detected by RNA-sequencing, including a loss of BK channel β-subunit expression Kcnmb1/2 and an increase in Kcnmb3. In electrophysiological experiments, there was a decrease in over-all current density at 20 mV without change in chord conductance at this potential. Conclusion TNFα and IL1β treatment of FLS in vitro recapitulated several common features of inflammatory arthritis at the transcriptomic level, including increase in Kcnma1 and Kcnmb3 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Haidar
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nathanael O'Neill
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A Staunton
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Selvan Bavan
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona O'Brien
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Zouggari
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Umar Sharif
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Orthopedics and Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Versus Arthritis Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kosuke Kumagai
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Versus Arthritis Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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7
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Pethő Z, Najder K, Bulk E, Schwab A. Mechanosensitive ion channels push cancer progression. Cell Calcium 2019; 80:79-90. [PMID: 30991298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In many cases, the mechanical properties of a tumor are different from those of the host tissue. Mechanical cues regulate cancer development by affecting both tumor cells and their microenvironment, by altering cell migration, proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling and metastatic spread. Cancer cells sense mechanical stimuli such as tissue stiffness, shear stress, tissue pressure of the extracellular space (outside-in mechanosensation). These mechanical cues are transduced into a cellular response (e. g. cell migration and proliferation; inside-in mechanotransduction) or to a response affecting the microenvironment (e. g. inducing a fibrosis or building up growth-induced pressure; inside-out mechanotransduction). These processes heavily rely on mechanosensitive membrane proteins, prominently ion channels. Mechanosensitive ion channels are involved in the Ca2+-signaling of the tumor and stroma cells, both directly, by mediating Ca2+ influx (e. g. Piezo and TRP channels), or indirectly, by maintaining the electrochemical gradient necessary for Ca2+ influx (e. g. K2P, KCa channels). This review aims to discuss the diverse roles of mechanosenstive ion channels in cancer progression, especially those involved in Ca2+-signaling, by pinpointing their functional relevance in tumor pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Pethő
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Karolina Najder
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Etmar Bulk
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Abstract
Ca2+- and voltage-gated K+ channels of large conductance (BK channels) are expressed in a diverse variety of both excitable and inexcitable cells, with functional properties presumably uniquely calibrated for the cells in which they are found. Although some diversity in BK channel function, localization, and regulation apparently arises from cell-specific alternative splice variants of the single pore-forming α subunit ( KCa1.1, Kcnma1, Slo1) gene, two families of regulatory subunits, β and γ, define BK channels that span a diverse range of functional properties. We are just beginning to unravel the cell-specific, physiological roles served by BK channels of different subunit composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Christopher J Lingle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
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9
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Tanner MR, Pennington MW, Chauhan SS, Laragione T, Gulko PS, Beeton C. KCa1.1 and Kv1.3 channels regulate the interactions between fibroblast-like synoviocytes and T lymphocytes during rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:6. [PMID: 30612588 PMCID: PMC6322314 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and CCR7- effector memory T (TEM) cells are two of the major cell types implicated in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In particular, FLS become highly invasive, whereas TEM cells proliferate and secrete proinflammatory cytokines, during RA. FLS and T cells may also interact and influence each other's phenotypes. Inhibition of the pathogenic phenotypes of both FLS and TEM cells can be accomplished by selectively blocking the predominant potassium channels that they upregulate during RA: KCa1.1 (BK, Slo1, MaxiK, KCNMA1) upregulated by FLS and Kv1.3 (KCNA3) upregulated by activated TEM cells. In this study, we investigated the roles of KCa1.1 and Kv1.3 in regulating the interactions between FLS and TEM cells and determined if combination therapies of KCa1.1- and Kv1.3-selective blockers are more efficacious than monotherapies in ameliorating disease in rat models of RA. METHODS We used in vitro functional assays to assess the effects of selective KCa1.1 and Kv1.3 channel inhibitors on the interactions of FLS isolated from rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) with syngeneic TEM cells. We also used flow cytometric analyses to determine the effects of KCa1.1 blockers on the expression of proteins used for antigen presentation on CIA-FLS. Finally, we used the CIA and pristane-induced arthritis models to determine the efficacy of combinatorial therapies of KCa1.1 and Kv1.3 blockers in reducing disease severity compared with monotherapies. RESULTS We show that the interactions of FLS from rats with CIA and of rat TEM cells are regulated by KCa1.1 and Kv1.3. Inhibiting KCa1.1 on FLS reduces the ability of FLS to stimulate TEM cell proliferation and migration, and inhibiting Kv1.3 on TEM cells reduces TEM cells' ability to enhance FLS expression of KCa1.1 and major histocompatibility complex class II protein, as well as stimulates their invasion. Furthermore, we show that combination therapies of selective KCa1.1 and Kv1.3 blockers are more efficacious than monotherapies at reducing signs of disease in two rat models of RA. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the importance of KCa1.1 and Kv1.3 in regulating FLS and TEM cells during RA, as well as the value of combined therapies targeting both of these cell types to treat RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael W. Pennington
- Peptides International, Inc., Louisville, KY USA
- Present address: Ambiopharm, Inc., North Augusta, SC USA
| | | | - Teresina Laragione
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Pércio S. Gulko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Center for Drug Discovery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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10
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Tanner MR, Pennington MW, Chamberlain BH, Huq R, Gehrmann EJ, Laragione T, Gulko PS, Beeton C. Targeting KCa1.1 Channels with a Scorpion Venom Peptide for the Therapy of Rat Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:227-236. [PMID: 29453198 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are a key cell type involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression. We previously identified the KCa1.1 potassium channel (Maxi-K, BK, Slo 1, KCNMA1) as a regulator of FLSs and found that KCa1.1 inhibition reduces disease severity in RA animal models. However, systemic KCa1.1 block causes multiple side effects. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the KCa1.1 β1-3-specific venom peptide blocker iberiotoxin (IbTX) reduces disease severity in animal models of RA without inducing major side effects. We used immunohistochemistry to identify IbTX-sensitive KCa1.1 subunits in joints of rats with a model of RA. Patch-clamp and functional assays were used to determine whether IbTX can regulate FLSs through targeting KCa1.1. We then tested the efficacy of IbTX in ameliorating disease in two rat models of RA. Finally, we determined whether IbTX causes side effects including incontinence or tremors in rats, compared with those treated with the small-molecule KCa1.1 blocker paxilline. IbTX-sensitive subunits of KCa1.1 were expressed by FLSs in joints of rats with experimental arthritis. IbTX inhibited KCa1.1 channels expressed by FLSs from patients with RA and by FLSs from rat models of RA and reduced FLS invasiveness. IbTX significantly reduced disease severity in two rat models of RA. Unlike paxilline, IbTX did not induce tremors or incontinence in rats. Overall, IbTX inhibited KCa1.1 channels on FLSs and treated rat models of RA without inducing side effects associated with nonspecific KCa1.1 blockade and could become the basis for the development of a new treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.R.T., B.H.C., R.H., E.J.G., C.B.), Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine (M.R.T.), and Biology of Inflammation Center and Center for Drug Discovery (C.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Peptides International Inc., Louisville, Kentucky (M.W.P.); and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (T.L., P.S.G.)
| | - Michael W Pennington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.R.T., B.H.C., R.H., E.J.G., C.B.), Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine (M.R.T.), and Biology of Inflammation Center and Center for Drug Discovery (C.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Peptides International Inc., Louisville, Kentucky (M.W.P.); and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (T.L., P.S.G.)
| | - Brayden H Chamberlain
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.R.T., B.H.C., R.H., E.J.G., C.B.), Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine (M.R.T.), and Biology of Inflammation Center and Center for Drug Discovery (C.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Peptides International Inc., Louisville, Kentucky (M.W.P.); and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (T.L., P.S.G.)
| | - Redwan Huq
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.R.T., B.H.C., R.H., E.J.G., C.B.), Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine (M.R.T.), and Biology of Inflammation Center and Center for Drug Discovery (C.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Peptides International Inc., Louisville, Kentucky (M.W.P.); and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (T.L., P.S.G.)
| | - Elizabeth J Gehrmann
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.R.T., B.H.C., R.H., E.J.G., C.B.), Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine (M.R.T.), and Biology of Inflammation Center and Center for Drug Discovery (C.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Peptides International Inc., Louisville, Kentucky (M.W.P.); and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (T.L., P.S.G.)
| | - Teresina Laragione
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.R.T., B.H.C., R.H., E.J.G., C.B.), Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine (M.R.T.), and Biology of Inflammation Center and Center for Drug Discovery (C.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Peptides International Inc., Louisville, Kentucky (M.W.P.); and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (T.L., P.S.G.)
| | - Pércio S Gulko
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.R.T., B.H.C., R.H., E.J.G., C.B.), Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine (M.R.T.), and Biology of Inflammation Center and Center for Drug Discovery (C.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Peptides International Inc., Louisville, Kentucky (M.W.P.); and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (T.L., P.S.G.)
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.R.T., B.H.C., R.H., E.J.G., C.B.), Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine (M.R.T.), and Biology of Inflammation Center and Center for Drug Discovery (C.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Peptides International Inc., Louisville, Kentucky (M.W.P.); and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (T.L., P.S.G.)
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11
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Tanner MR, Beeton C. Differences in ion channel phenotype and function between humans and animal models. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2018; 23:43-64. [PMID: 28930537 PMCID: PMC5626566 DOI: 10.2741/4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels play crucial roles in regulating a broad range of physiological processes. They form a very large family of transmembrane proteins. Their diversity results from not only a large number of different genes encoding for ion channel subunits but also the ability of subunits to assemble into homo- or heteromultimers, the existence of splice variants, and the expression of different regulatory subunits. These characteristics and the existence of very selective modulators make ion channels very attractive targets for therapy in a wide variety of pathologies. Some ion channels are already being targeted in the clinic while many more are being evaluated as novel drug targets in both clinical and preclinical studies. Advancing ion channel modulators from the bench to the clinic requires their assessment for safety and efficacy in animal models. While extrapolating results from one species to another is tempting, doing such without careful evaluation of the ion channels in different species presents a risk as the translation is not always straightforward. Here, we discuss differences between species in terms of ion channels expressed in selected tissues, differing roles of ion channels in some cell types, variable response to pharmacological agents, and human channelopathies that cannot fully be replicated in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, and Center for Drug Discovery and Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030,
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Beeton
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
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13
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Tanner MR, Tajhya RB, Huq R, Gehrmann EJ, Rodarte KE, Atik MA, Norton RS, Pennington MW, Beeton C. Prolonged immunomodulation in inflammatory arthritis using the selective Kv1.3 channel blocker HsTX1[R14A] and its PEGylated analog. Clin Immunol 2017; 180:45-57. [PMID: 28389388 PMCID: PMC5484050 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effector memory T lymphocytes (TEM cells) that lack expression of CCR7 are major drivers of inflammation in a number of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The Kv1.3 potassium channel is a key regulator of CCR7- TEM cell activation. Blocking Kv1.3 inhibits TEM cell activation and attenuates inflammation in autoimmunity, and as such, Kv1.3 has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of TEM cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. The scorpion venom-derived peptide HsTX1 and its analog HsTX1[R14A] are potent Kv1.3 blockers and HsTX1[R14A] is selective for Kv1.3 over closely-related Kv1 channels. PEGylation of HsTX1[R14A] to create a Kv1.3 blocker with a long circulating half-life reduced its affinity but not its selectivity for Kv1.3, dramatically reduced its adsorption to inert surfaces, and enhanced its circulating half-life in rats. PEG-HsTX1[R14A] is equipotent to HsTX1[R14A] in preferential inhibition of human and rat CCR7- TEM cell proliferation, leaving CCR7+ naïve and central memory T cells able to proliferate. It reduced inflammation in an active delayed-type hypersensitivity model and in the pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Importantly, a single subcutaneous dose of PEG-HsTX1[R14A] reduced inflammation in PIA for a longer period of time than the non-PEGylated HsTX1[R14A]. Together, these data indicate that HsTX1[R14A] and PEG-HsTX1[R14A] are effective in a model of RA and are therefore potential therapeutics for TEM cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. PEG-HsTX1[R14A] has the additional advantages of reduced non-specific adsorption to inert surfaces and enhanced circulating half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology & Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rajeev B Tajhya
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Redwan Huq
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Gehrmann
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kathia E Rodarte
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mustafa A Atik
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biology of Inflammation Center and Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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14
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Tanner MR, Pennington MW, Laragione T, Gulko PS, Beeton C. KCa1.1 channels regulate β 1-integrin function and cell adhesion in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. FASEB J 2017; 31:3309-3320. [PMID: 28428266 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601097r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa1.1; BK, Slo1, MaxiK, KCNMA1) is the predominant potassium channel expressed at the plasma membrane of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) isolated from the synovium of patients with RA. It is a critical regulator of RA-FLS migration and invasion and therefore represents an attractive target for the therapy of RA. However, the molecular mechanisms by which KCa1.1 regulates RA-FLS invasiveness have remained largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that KCa1.1 regulates RA-FLS adhesion through controlling the plasma membrane expression and activation of β1 integrins, but not α4, α5, or α6 integrins. Blocking KCa1.1 disturbs calcium homeostasis, leading to the sustained phosphorylation of Akt and the recruitment of talin to β1 integrins. Interestingly, the pore-forming α subunit of KCa1.1 coimmunoprecipitates with β1 integrins, suggesting that this physical association underlies the functional interaction between these molecules. Together, these data outline a new signaling mechanism by which KCa1.1 regulates β1-integrin function and therefore invasiveness of RA-FLSs.-Tanner, M. R., Pennington, M. W., Laragione, T., Gulko, P. S., Beeton, C. KCa1.1 channels regulate β1-integrin function and cell adhesion in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Teresina Laragione
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pércio S Gulko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; .,Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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15
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Li S, Jin Z, Lu X. MicroRNA-192 suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes by downregulating caveolin 1. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 432:123-130. [PMID: 28321538 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was conducted to explore the role of microRNA (miR)-192 in the regulation of the biology of RA-FLSs. The expression of miR-192 in RA and healthy synovial tissues was measured. The effects of overexpression of miR-192 on RA-FLS proliferation and apoptosis were investigated. Luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis were performed to identify direct target genes of miR-192. RA synovial tissues had significantly lower levels of miR-192 than healthy controls (P = 0.004). Moreover, miR-192 levels were 2.9-fold lower in RA-FLSs relative to normal human FLSs (P < 0.05). Ectopic expression of miR-192 significantly inhibited the proliferation and caused a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in RA-FLSs. Moreover, miR-192 overexpression triggered apoptosis, which was accompanied by an increase in caspase-3 activity and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Caveolin 1 (CAV1) was identified to be a direct target of miR-192. Overexpression of miR-192 led to a reduction of endogenous CAV1 in RA-FLSs. Silencing of CAV1 significantly decreased cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in RA-FLSs. Rescue experiments with a miR-192-resistant variant of CAV1 showed that enforced expression of CAV1 restored cell proliferation and attenuated apoptosis in miR-192-overexpressing RA-FLSs. In conclusion, miR-192 is downregulated in RA synovial tissues and restoration of its expression elicits growth-suppressive effects on RA-FLSs by targeting CAV1. The miR-192/CAV1 pathway may represent a novel target for prevention and treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supin Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhenmu Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiaobing Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yanghu Branch, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Gehu Zhong Road, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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16
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Tajhya RB, Hu X, Tanner MR, Huq R, Kongchan N, Neilson JR, Rodney GG, Horrigan FT, Timchenko LT, Beeton C. Functional KCa1.1 channels are crucial for regulating the proliferation, migration and differentiation of human primary skeletal myoblasts. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2426. [PMID: 27763639 PMCID: PMC5133989 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myoblasts are mononucleated precursors of myofibers; they persist in mature skeletal muscles for growth and regeneration post injury. During myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), a complex autosomal-dominant neuromuscular disease, the differentiation of skeletal myoblasts into functional myotubes is impaired, resulting in muscle wasting and weakness. The mechanisms leading to this altered differentiation are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that the calcium- and voltage-dependent potassium channel, KCa1.1 (BK, Slo1, KCNMA1), regulates myoblast proliferation, migration, and fusion. We also show a loss of plasma membrane expression of the pore-forming α subunit of KCa1.1 in DM1 myoblasts. Inhibiting the function of KCa1.1 in healthy myoblasts induced an increase in cytosolic calcium levels and altered nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) levels without affecting cell survival. In these normal cells, KCa1.1 block resulted in enhanced proliferation and decreased matrix metalloproteinase secretion, migration, and myotube fusion, phenotypes all observed in DM1 myoblasts and associated with disease pathogenesis. In contrast, introducing functional KCa1.1 α-subunits into DM1 myoblasts normalized their proliferation and rescued expression of the late myogenic marker Mef2. Our results identify KCa1.1 channels as crucial regulators of skeletal myogenesis and suggest these channels as novel therapeutic targets in DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev B Tajhya
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xueyou Hu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Redwan Huq
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Natee Kongchan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joel R Neilson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Frank T Horrigan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lubov T Timchenko
- Department of Pediatrics Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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17
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Pethő Z, Tanner MR, Tajhya RB, Huq R, Laragione T, Panyi G, Gulko PS, Beeton C. Erratum to: Different expression of β subunits of the KCa1.1 channel by invasive and non-invasive human fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:122. [PMID: 27251429 PMCID: PMC4890255 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Pethő
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mail Stop BCM335, Room S409A, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Mark R Tanner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mail Stop BCM335, Room S409A, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rajeev B Tajhya
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mail Stop BCM335, Room S409A, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Redwan Huq
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mail Stop BCM335, Room S409A, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Teresina Laragione
- Division of Rheumatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Pércio S Gulko
- Division of Rheumatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mail Stop BCM335, Room S409A, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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