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Chen MF, Hu CC, Hsu YH, Chiu YT, Chen KL, Ueng SWN, Chang Y. Characterization and Advancement of an Evaluation Method for the Treatment of Spontaneous Osteoarthritis in STR/ort Mice: GRGDS Peptides as a Potential Treatment for Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041111. [PMID: 37189729 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
STR/ort mice spontaneously exhibit the typical osteoarthritis (OA) phenotype. However, studies describing the relationship between cartilage histology, epiphyseal trabecular bone, and age are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the typical OA markers and quantify the subchondral bone trabecular parameters in STR/ort male mice at different weeks of age. We then developed an evaluation model for OA treatment. We graded the knee cartilage damage using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score in STR/ort male mice with or without GRGDS treatment. We measured the levels of typical OA markers, including aggrecan fragments, matrix metallopeptidase-13 (MMP-13), collagen type X alpha 1 chain (COL10A1), and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9), and quantified epiphyseal trabecular parameters. Compared to the young age group, elderly mice showed an increased OARSI score, decreased chondrocyte columns of the growth plate, elevated expression of OA markers (aggrecan fragments, MMP13, and COL10A1), and decreased expression of Sox9 at the articular cartilage region in elderly STR/ort mice. Aging also significantly enhanced the subchondral bone remodeling and microstructure change in the tibial plateau. Moreover, GRGDS treatment mitigated these subchondral abnormalities. Our study presents suitable evaluation methods to characterize and measure the efficacy of cartilage damage treatments in STR/ort mice with spontaneous OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Feng Chen
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hu
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Heng Hsu
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tien Chiu
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Chen
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Steve W N Ueng
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yuhan Chang
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Kurz B, Hart ML, Rolauffs B. Mechanical Articular Cartilage Injury Models and Their Relevance in Advancing Therapeutic Strategies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1402:107-124. [PMID: 37052850 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25588-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
This chapter details how Alan Grodzinsky and his team unraveled the complex electromechanobiological structure-function relationships of articular cartilage and used these insights to develop an impressively versatile shear and compression model. In this context, this chapter focuses (i) on the effects of mechanical compressive injury on multiple articular cartilage properties for (ii) better understanding the molecular concept of mechanical injury, by studying gene expression, signal transduction and the release of potential injury biomarkers. Furthermore, we detail how (iii) this was used to combine mechanical injury with cytokine exposure or co-culture systems for generating a more realistic trauma model to (iv) investigate the therapeutic modulation of the injurious response of articular cartilage. Impressively, Alan Grodzinsky's research has been and will remain to be instrumental in understanding the proinflammatory response to injury and in developing effective therapies that are based on an in-depth understanding of complex structure-function relationships that underlay articular cartilage function and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Kurz
- Department of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Melanie L Hart
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Dwivedi G, Flaman L, Alaybeyoglu B, Struglics A, Frank EH, Chubinskya S, Trippel SB, Rosen V, Cirit M, Grodzinsky AJ. Inflammatory cytokines and mechanical injury induce post-traumatic osteoarthritis-like changes in a human cartilage-bone-synovium microphysiological system. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:198. [PMID: 35982461 PMCID: PMC9386988 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic knee injuries in humans trigger an immediate increase in synovial fluid levels of inflammatory cytokines that accompany impact damage to joint tissues. We developed a human in vitro cartilage-bone-synovium (CBS) coculture model to study the role of mechanical injury and inflammation in the initiation of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA)-like disease. Methods Osteochondral plugs (cartilage-bone, CB) along with joint capsule synovium explants (S) were harvested from 25 cadaveric distal femurs from 16 human donors (Collin’s grade 0–2, 23–83years). Two-week monocultures (cartilage (C), bone (B), synovium (S)) and cocultures (CB, CBS) were established. A PTOA-like disease group was initiated via coculture of synovium explants with mechanically impacted osteochondral plugs (CBS+INJ, peak stress 5MPa) with non-impacted CB as controls. Disease-like progression was assessed through analyses of changes in cell viability, inflammatory cytokines released to media (10-plex ELISA), tissue matrix degradation, and metabolomics profile. Results Immediate increases in concentrations of a panel of inflammatory cytokines occurred in CBS+INJ and CBS cocultures and cultures with S alone (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α among others). CBS+INJ and CBS also showed increased chondrocyte death compared to uninjured CB. The release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and associated ARGS-aggrecan neoepitope fragments to the medium was significantly increased in CBS and CBS+INJ groups. Distinct metabolomics profiles were observed for C, B, and S monocultures, and metabolites related to inflammatory response in CBS versus CB (e.g., kynurenine, 1-methylnicotinamide, and hypoxanthine) were identified. Conclusion CBS and CBS+INJ models showed distinct cellular, inflammatory, and matrix-related alterations relevant to PTOA-like initiation/progression. The use of human knee tissues from donors that had no prior history of OA disease suggests the relevance of this model in highlighting the role of injury and inflammation in earliest stages of PTOA progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02881-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Flaman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Begum Alaybeyoglu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Javelin Biotech, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - André Struglics
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eliot H Frank
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan Chubinskya
- Departments of Pediatrics, Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (Section of Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen B Trippel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NE47-377, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Black RM, Flaman LL, Lindblom K, Chubinskaya S, Grodzinsky AJ, Önnerfjord P. Tissue catabolism and donor-specific dexamethasone response in a human osteochondral model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:137. [PMID: 35689293 PMCID: PMC9185927 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) does not currently have clinical prognostic biomarkers or disease-modifying drugs, though promising candidates such as dexamethasone (Dex) exist. Many challenges in studying and treating this disease stem from tissue interactions that complicate understanding of drug effects. We present an ex vivo human osteochondral model of PTOA to investigate disease effects on cartilage and bone homeostasis and discover biomarkers for disease progression and drug efficacy. Methods Human osteochondral explants were harvested from normal (Collins grade 0–1) ankle talocrural joints of human donors (2 female, 5 male, ages 23–70). After pre-equilibration, osteochondral explants were treated with a single-impact mechanical injury and TNF-α, IL-6, and sIL-6R ± 100 nM Dex for 21 days and media collected every 2–3 days. Chondrocyte viability, tissue DNA content, and glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) percent loss to the media were assayed and compared to untreated controls using a linear mixed effects model. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed for both cartilage tissue and pooled culture medium, and the statistical significance of protein abundance changes was determined with the R package limma and empirical Bayes statistics. Partial least squares regression analyses of sGAG loss and Dex attenuation of sGAG loss against proteomic data were performed. Results Injury and cytokine treatment caused an increase in the release of matrix components, proteases, pro-inflammatory factors, and intracellular proteins, while tissue lost intracellular metabolic proteins, which was mitigated with the addition of Dex. Dex maintained chondrocyte viability and reduced sGAG loss caused by injury and cytokine treatment by 2/3 overall, with donor-specific differences in the sGAG attenuation effect. Biomarkers of bone metabolism had mixed effects, and collagen II synthesis was suppressed with both disease and Dex treatment by 2- to 5-fold. Semitryptic peptides associated with increased sGAG loss were identified. Pro-inflammatory humoral proteins and apolipoproteins were associated with lower Dex responses. Conclusions Catabolic effects on cartilage tissue caused by injury and cytokine treatment were reduced with the addition of Dex in this osteochondral PTOA model. This study presents potential peptide biomarkers of early PTOA progression and Dex efficacy that can help identify and treat patients at risk of PTOA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02828-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mae Black
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Lisa L Flaman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karin Lindblom
- Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susan Chubinskaya
- Departments of Pediatrics, Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (Section of Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Muenzebrock KA, Kersten V, Alblas J, Garcia JP, Creemers LB. The Added Value of the “Co” in Co-Culture Systems in Research on Osteoarthritis Pathology and Treatment Development. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:843056. [PMID: 35309991 PMCID: PMC8927651 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.843056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease and a major health burden. Its development and progression are influenced by factors such as age, obesity or joint overuse. As a whole organ disease OA affects not only cartilage, bone and synovium but also ligaments, fatty or nervous tissue surrounding the joint. These joint tissues interact with each other and understanding this interaction is important in developing novel treatments. To incorporate and study these interactions in OA research, several co-culture models have evolved. They combine two or more cell types or tissues and investigate the influence of amongst others inflammatory or degenerative stimuli seen in OA. This review focuses on co-cultures and the differential processes occurring in a given tissue or cell as a consequence of being combined with another joint cell type or tissue, and/or the extent to which a co-culture mimics the in vivo processes. Most co-culture models depart from synovial lining and cartilage culture, but also fat pad and bone have been included. Not all of the models appear to reflect the postulated in vivo OA pathophysiology, although some of the discrepancies may indicate current assumptions on this process are not entirely valid. Systematic analysis of the mutual influence the separate compartments in a given model exert on each other and validation against in vivo or ex vivo observation is still largely lacking and would increase their added value as in vitro OA models.
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Chan MWY, Gomez-Aristizábal A, Mahomed N, Gandhi R, Viswanathan S. A tool for evaluating novel osteoarthritis therapies using multivariate analyses of human cartilage-synovium explant co-culture. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:147-159. [PMID: 34547432 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need to incorporate multiple tissues into in vitro OA models to evaluate novel therapeutics. This approach is limited by inherent donor variability. We present an optimized research tool: a human OA cartilage-synovium explant co-culture model (OA-EXM) that employs donor-matched lower and upper limit response controls combined with statistical approaches to address variability. Multiple rapid read-outs allow for evaluation of therapeutics while cataloguing cartilage-synovium interactions. DESIGN 48-h human explant cultures were sourced from OA knee arthroplasties. An OA-like cartilage-synovium co-culture baseline was established relative to donor-matched upper limit supraphysiological pro-inflammatory cytokine and lower limit OA cartilage or synovium alone controls. 100 nM dexamethasone treatment validated possible "rescue effects" within the OA-EXM dual tissue environment. Gene expression, proteoglycan loss, MMP activity, and soluble protein concentrations were analyzed using blocking and clustering methods. RESULTS The OA-EXM demonstrates the value of the co-culture approach as the addition of OA synovium increases OA cartilage proteoglycan loss and expression of MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, CXCL8, CCL2, IL6, and PTGS2, but not to the extent of supraphysiological stimulation. Conversely, OA cartilage does not affect gene expression or MMP activity of OA synovium. Dexamethasone shows dual treatment effects on synovium (pro-resolving macrophage upregulation, protease downregulation) and cartilage (pro-inflammatory, catabolic, and anabolic downregulation), and decreases soluble CCL2 levels in co-culture, thereby validating OA-EXM utility. CONCLUSIONS The OA-EXM is representative of late-stage OA pathology, captures dual interactions between cartilage and synovium, and combined with statistical strategies provides a rapid, sensitive research tool for evaluating OA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Y Chan
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - A Gomez-Aristizábal
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada.
| | - N Mahomed
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada.
| | - R Gandhi
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada.
| | - S Viswanathan
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
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7
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Mobasheri A, Fonseca JE, Gualillo O, Henrotin Y, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G, Rocha FAC. Editorial: Inflammation and Biomarkers in Osteoarthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:727700. [PMID: 34386512 PMCID: PMC8353120 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.727700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yves Henrotin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab (mSKIL), Arthropole Liège, Department of Motricity Sciences, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium.,Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Princess Paola Hospital, Marche-En-Famenne, Belgium
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Rheumatology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Rheumatology Department, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Bartolotti I, Roseti L, Petretta M, Grigolo B, Desando G. A Roadmap of In Vitro Models in Osteoarthritis: A Focus on Their Biological Relevance in Regenerative Medicine. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1920. [PMID: 33925222 PMCID: PMC8124812 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifaceted musculoskeletal disorder, with a high prevalence worldwide. Articular cartilage and synovial membrane are among the main biological targets in the OA microenvironment. Gaining more knowledge on the accuracy of preclinical in vitro OA models could open innovative avenues in regenerative medicine to bridge major gaps, especially in translation from animals to humans. Our methodological approach entailed searches on Scopus, the Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE databases to select the most relevant preclinical in vitro models for studying OA. Predicting the biological response of regenerative strategies requires developing relevant preclinical models able to mimic the OA milieu influencing tissue responses and organ complexity. In this light, standard 2D culture models lack critical properties beyond cell biology, while animal models suffer from several limitations due to species differences. In the literature, most of the in vitro models only recapitulate a tissue compartment, by providing fragmented results. Biotechnological advances may enable scientists to generate new in vitro models that combine easy manipulation and organ complexity. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of preclinical in vitro models in OA and outline how the different preclinical systems (inflammatory/biomechanical/microfluidic models) may be valid tools in regenerative medicine, describing their pros and cons. We then discuss the prospects of specific and combinatorial models to predict biological responses following regenerative approaches focusing on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-based therapies to reduce animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bartolotti
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Livia Roseti
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Mauro Petretta
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
- RegenHu Company, Z.I Du Vivier 22, 1690 Villaz-St-Pierre, Switzerland
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Giovanna Desando
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
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Khella CM, Asgarian R, Horvath JM, Rolauffs B, Hart ML. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Human Knee Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis (PTOA): Timeline of Clinical Presentation and Disease Markers, Comparison of Knee Joint PTOA Models and Early Disease Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1996. [PMID: 33671471 PMCID: PMC7922905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the causality of the post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) disease process of the knee joint is important for diagnosing early disease and developing new and effective preventions or treatments. The aim of this review was to provide detailed clinical data on inflammatory and other biomarkers obtained from patients after acute knee trauma in order to (i) present a timeline of events that occur in the acute, subacute, and chronic post-traumatic phases and in PTOA, and (ii) to identify key factors present in the synovial fluid, serum/plasma and urine, leading to PTOA of the knee in 23-50% of individuals who had acute knee trauma. In this context, we additionally discuss methods of simulating knee trauma and inflammation in in vivo, ex vivo articular cartilage explant and in vitro chondrocyte models, and answer whether these models are representative of the clinical inflammatory stages following knee trauma. Moreover, we compare the pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations used in such models and demonstrate that, compared to concentrations in the synovial fluid after knee trauma, they are exceedingly high. We then used the Bradford Hill Framework to present evidence that TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines are causal factors, while IL-1β and IL-17 are credible factors in inducing knee PTOA disease progresssion. Lastly, we discuss beneficial infrastructure for future studies to dissect the role of local vs. systemic inflammation in PTOA progression with an emphasis on early disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Melanie L. Hart
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (C.M.K.); (R.A.); (J.M.H.); (B.R.)
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10
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Makarczyk MJ, Gao Q, He Y, Li Z, Gold MS, Hochberg MC, Bunnell BA, Tuan RS, Goodman SB, Lin H. Current Models for Development of Disease-Modifying Osteoarthritis Drugs. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:124-138. [PMID: 33403944 PMCID: PMC8098772 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful and disabling disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Symptom-alleviating treatments exist, although none with long-term efficacy. Furthermore, there are currently no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) with demonstrated efficacy in OA patients, which is, in part, attributed to a lack of full understanding of the pathogenesis of OA. The inability to translate findings from basic research to clinical applications also highlights the deficiencies in the available OA models at simulating the clinically relevant pathologies and responses to treatments in humans. In this review, the current status in the development of DMOADs will be first presented, with special attention to those in Phase II-IV clinical trials. Next, current in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo OA models are summarized and the respective advantages and disadvantages of each are highlighted. Of note, the development and application of microphysiological or tissue-on-a-chip systems for modeling OA in humans are presented and the issues that need to be addressed in the future are discussed. Microphysiological systems should be given serious consideration for their inclusion in the DMOAD development pipeline, both for their ability to predict drug safety and efficacy in human clinical trials at present, as well as for their potential to serve as a test platform for personalized medicine. Impact statement At present, no disease-modifying osteoarthritis (OA) drugs (DMOADs) have been approved for widespread clinical use by regulatory bodies. The failure of developing effective DMOADs is likely owing to multiple factors, not the least of which are the intrinsic differences between the intact human knee joint and the preclinical models. This work summarizes the current OA models for the development of DMOADs, discusses the advantages/disadvantages of each, and then proposes future model development to aid in the discovery of effective and personalized DMOADs. The review also highlights the microphysiological systems, which are emerging as a new platform for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J. Makarczyk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Yuchen He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael S. Gold
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark C. Hochberg
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Black RM, Wang Y, Struglics A, Lorenzo P, Tillgren V, Rydén M, Grodzinsky AJ, Önnerfjord P. Proteomic analysis reveals dexamethasone rescues matrix breakdown but not anabolic dysregulation in a cartilage injury model. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2. [PMID: 34322675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this exploratory study, we used discovery proteomics to follow the release of proteins from bovine knee articular cartilage in response to mechanical injury and cytokine treatment. We also studied the effect of the glucocorticoid Dexamethasone (Dex) on these responses. Design Bovine cartilage explants were treated with either cytokines alone (10 ng/ml TNFα, 20 ng/ml IL-6, 100 ng/ml sIL-6R), a single compressive mechanical injury, cytokines and injury, or no treatment, and cultured in serum-free DMEM supplemented with 1% ITS for 22 days. All samples were incubated with or without addition of 100 nM Dex. Mass spectrometry and western blot analyses were performed on medium samples for the identification and quantification of released proteins. Results We identified 500 unique proteins present in all three biological replicates. Many proteins involved in the catabolic response of cartilage degradation had increased release after inflammatory stress. Dex rescued many of these catabolic effects. The release of some proteins involved in anabolic and chondroprotective processes was inconsistent, indicating differential effects on processes that may protect cartilage from injury. Dex restored only a small fraction of these to the control state, while others had their effects exacerbated by Dex exposure. Conclusions We identified proteins that were released upon cytokine treatment which could be potential biomarkers of the inflammatory contribution to cartilage degradation. We also demonstrated the imperfect rescue of Dex on the effects of cartilage degradation, with many catabolic factors being reduced, while other anabolic or chondroprotective processes were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mae Black
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - André Struglics
- Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pilar Lorenzo
- Department of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Viveka Tillgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Rydén
- Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Department of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Guo H, Li H, Feng Y, Ke J, Fang W, Li C, Long X. Cross-talk between synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes in condylar hyperplasia: an in vitro pilot study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 131:558-564. [PMID: 33187941 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence indicates an interaction between the synovium and the cartilage in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and other joints. We recently demonstrated that the expression of proangiogenic factors was enhanced and that of factors promoting matrix degradation was decreased in synovial fibroblasts in condylar hyperplasia (CH). The aim of this study was to explore whether CH chondrocytes can affect the expression of these factors of synovial fibroblasts in a co-culture system. STUDY DESIGN The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) from CH condylar tissues were observed by using immunohistochemical methods. Synovial fibroblasts of control tissues were co-cultured with the chondrocytes of CH, and protein expressions of VEGF, FGF-2, thrombospondin 1 (TSP1), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), and TIMP1 were examined by using Western blotting. RESULTS Positive staining for VEGF, CD34, FGF-2, and TIMP1 was found in the hypertrophic cartilage layer of CH condylar tissues. Protein expressions of VEGF, FGF-2, and TIMP1 were significantly increased in co-cultured synovial fibroblasts, but TSP1 and MMP3 expressions were decreased. CONCLUSIONS The angiogenic factors and matrix degradation-related factors in synovial fibroblasts co-cultured with CH chondrocytes showed the same trends as those in synovial fibroblasts from CH tissue, suggesting potential cross-talk between synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes during CH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Ke
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Long
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is more effective in suppressing cytokine-induced catabolism in cartilage-synovium co-culture than in cartilage monoculture. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:238. [PMID: 31722745 PMCID: PMC6854651 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most in vitro studies of potential osteoarthritis (OA) therapies have used cartilage monocultures, even though synovium is a key player in mediating joint inflammation and, thereby, cartilage degeneration. In the case of interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibition using its receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), like chondrocytes, synoviocytes also express IL-1 receptors that influence intra-articular IL-1 signaling and IL-1Ra efficacy. The short residence time of IL-1Ra after intra-articular injection requires the application of frequent dosing, which is clinically impractical and comes with increased risk of infection; these limitations motivate the development of effective drug delivery strategies that can maintain sustained intra-articular IL-1Ra concentrations with only a single injection. The goals of this study were to assess how the presence of synovium in IL-1-challenged cartilage-synovium co-culture impacts the time-dependent biological response of single and sustained doses of IL-1Ra, and to understand the mechanisms underlying any co-culture effects. Methods Bovine cartilage explants with or without synovium were treated with IL-1α followed by single or multiple doses of IL-1Ra. Effects of IL-1Ra in rescuing IL-1α-induced catabolism in cartilage monoculture and cartilage-synovium co-culture were assessed by measuring loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen using DMMB (dimethyl-methylene blue) and hydroxyproline assays, respectively, nitric oxide (NO) release using Griess assay, cell viability by fluorescence staining, metabolic activity using Alamar blue, and proteoglycan biosynthesis by radiolabel incorporation. Day 2 conditioned media from mono and co-cultures were analyzed by mass spectrometry and cytokine array to identify proteins unique to co-culture that contribute to biological crosstalk. Results A single dose of IL-1Ra was ineffective, and a sustained dose was necessary to significantly suppress IL-1α-induced catabolism as observed by enhanced suppression of GAG and collagen loss, NO synthesis, rescue of chondrocyte metabolism, viability, and GAG biosynthesis rates. The synovium exhibited a protective role as the effects of single-dose IL-1Ra were significantly enhanced in cartilage-synovium co-culture and were accompanied by release of anti-catabolic factors IL-4, carbonic anhydrase-3, and matrilin-3. A total of 26 unique proteins were identified in conditioned media from co-cultures, while expression levels of many additional proteins important to cartilage homeostasis were altered in co-culture compared to monocultures; principal component analysis revealed distinct clustering between co-culture and cartilage and synovium monocultures, thereby confirming significant crosstalk. Conclusions IL-1Ra suppresses cytokine-induced catabolism in cartilage more effectively in the presence of synovium, which was associated with endogenous production of anti-catabolic factors. Biological crosstalk between cartilage and synovium is significant; thus, their co-cultures should better model the intra-articular actions of potential OA therapeutics. Additionally, chondroprotective effects of IL-1Ra require sustained drug levels, underscoring the need for developing drug delivery strategies to enhance its joint residence time following a single intra-articular injection.
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Regenerative Features of Adipose Tissue for Osteoarthritis Treatment in a Rabbit Model: Enzymatic Digestion Versus Mechanical Disruption. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112636. [PMID: 31146351 PMCID: PMC6601012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating cell migration after cell-based treatment is important for several disorders, including osteoarthritis (OA), as it might influence the clinical outcome. This research explores migrating expanded-adipose stromal cells (ASCs) and adipose niches after enzymatic and mechanical processes. Bilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection induced a mild grade of OA at eight weeks in adult male New Zealand rabbits. ASCs, enzymatic stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and micro fragmented adipose tissue (MFAT) were intra-articularly injected in the knee joint. Assessments of cell viability and expression of specific markers, including CD-163 wound-healing macrophages, were done. Cell migration was explored through labelling with PKH26 dye at 7 and 30 days alongside co-localization analyses for CD-146. All cells showed good viability and high percentages of CD-90 and CD-146. CD-163 was significantly higher in MFAT compared to SVF. Distinct migratory potential and time-dependent effects were observed among cell-based treatments. At day 7, both ASCs and SVF migrated towards synovium, whereas for MFAT versus cartilage, a different migration pattern was noticed at day 30. The long-term distinct cell migration of ASCs, SVF, and MFAT open interesting clinical insights on their potential use for OA treatment. Moreover, the highest expression of CD-163 in MFAT, rather than SVF, might have an important role in directly mediating cartilage tissue repair responses.
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15
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Piluso S, Li Y, Abinzano F, Levato R, Moreira Teixeira L, Karperien M, Leijten J, van Weeren R, Malda J. Mimicking the Articular Joint with In Vitro Models. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1063-1077. [PMID: 31000204 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treating joint diseases remains a significant clinical challenge. Conventional in vitro cultures and animal models have been helpful, but suffer from limited predictive power for the human response. Advanced models are therefore required to mimic the complex biological interactions within the human joint. However, the intricate structure of the joint microenvironment and the complex nature of joint diseases have challenged the development of in vitro models that can faithfully mimic the in vivo physiological and pathological environments. In this review, we discuss the current in vitro models of the joint and the progress achieved in the development of novel and potentially more predictive models, and highlight the application of new technologies to accurately emulate the articular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Piluso
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florencia Abinzano
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liliana Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - René van Weeren
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Stefani RM, Halder SS, Estell EG, Lee AJ, Silverstein AM, Sobczak E, Chahine NO, Ateshian GA, Shah RP, Hung CT. A Functional Tissue-Engineered Synovium Model to Study Osteoarthritis Progression and Treatment. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:538-553. [PMID: 30203722 PMCID: PMC6482911 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The synovium envelops the diarthrodial joint and plays a key regulatory role in defining the composition of the synovial fluid through filtration and biosynthesis of critical boundary lubricants. Synovium changes often precede cartilage damage in osteoarthritis. We describe a novel in vitro tissue engineered model, validated against native synovium explants, to investigate the structure-function of synovium through quantitative solute transport measures. Synovium was evaluated in the presence of a proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1, or the clinically relevant corticosteroid, dexamethasone. We anticipate that a better understanding of synovium transport would support efforts to develop more effective strategies aimed at restoring joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Saiti S. Halder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Eben G. Estell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Andy J. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Amy M. Silverstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Evie Sobczak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Nadeen O. Chahine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gerard A. Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Roshan P. Shah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Clark T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
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