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何 珊, 陈 炘, 程 琦, 朱 灵, 张 培, 童 淑, 薛 静, 杜 燕. [Tofacitinib inhibits the transformation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts through JAK/STAT3 pathway]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2024; 56:505-511. [PMID: 38864137 PMCID: PMC11167539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of tofacitinib, a pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT) and to explore its mechanism. To provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). METHODS (1) Human fetal lung fibroblast 1 (HFL-1) were cultured in vitro, and 6 groups were established: DMSO blank control group, TGF-β1 induction group, and TGF-β1 with different concentrations of tofacitinib (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 μmol/L) drug intervention experimental groups. CCK-8 was used to measure the cell viability, and wound-healing assay was performed to measure cell migration ability. After 48 h of combined treatment, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the gene and protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN), and collagen type Ⅰ (COL1). (2) RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene and protein expression changes, respectively. (3) DMSO carrier controls, 1.0 μmol/L and 5.0 μmol/L tofacitinib were added to the cell culture media of different groups for pre-incubation for 30 min, and then TGF-β1 was added to treat for 1 h, 6 h and 24 h. The phosphorylation levels of Smad2/3 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS (1) Tofacitinib inhibited the viability and migration ability of HFL-1 cells after TGF-β1 induction. (2) The expression of α-SMA, COL1A1 and FN1 genes of HFL-1 in the TGF-β1-induced groups was significantly up-regulated compared with the blank control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the TGF-β1 induction group, α-SMA expression in the 5.0 μmol/L tofacitinib intervention group was significantly inhi-bited (P < 0.05). Compared with the TGF-β1-induced group, FN1 gene was significantly inhibited in each intervention group at a concentration of 0.5-5.0 μmol/L (P < 0.05). Compared with the TGF-β1-induced group, the COL1A1 gene expression in each intervention group did not change significantly. (3) Western blotting results showed that the protein levels of α-SMA and FN1 in the TGF-β1-induced group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the expression of COL1A1. Compared with the TGF-β1-induced group, the α-SMA protein level in the intervention groups with different concentrations decreased. And the differences between the TGF-β1-induced group and 2.0 μmol/L or 5.0 μmol/L intervention groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the TGF-β1-induced group, the FN1 protein levels in the intervention groups with different concentrations showed a downward trend, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no difference in COL1A1 protein expression between the intervention groups compared with the TGF-β1-induced group. (4) After TGF-β1 acted on HFL-1 cells for 48 h, the gene expression of the IL-6 was up-regulated and IL-6 in culture supernatant was increased, the intervention with tofacitinib partly inhibited the TGF-β1-induced IL-6 gene expression and IL-6 in culture supernatant. TGF-β1 induced the increase of Smad2/3 protein phosphorylation in HFL-1 cells for 1 h and 6 h, STAT3 protein phosphorylation increased at 1 h, 6 h and 24 h, the pre-intervention with tofacitinib inhibited the TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation at 6 h and inhibited TGF-β1-induced STAT3 phosphorylation at 1 h, 6 h and 24 h. CONCLUSION Tofacitinib can inhibit the transformation of HFL-1 cells into myofibroblasts induced by TGF-β1, and the mechanism may be through inhibiting the classic Smad2/3 pathway as well as the phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by TGF-β1, thereby protecting the disease progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 珊 何
- 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院风湿免疫科, 杭州 310009Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- 浙江大学医学院附属金华医院风湿免疫科, 浙江金华 321000Department of Rheumatology, the Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - 炘 陈
- 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院风湿免疫科, 杭州 310009Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- 浙江大学医学院附属金华医院风湿免疫科, 浙江金华 321000Department of Rheumatology, the Affiliated Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - 琦 程
- 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院风湿免疫科, 杭州 310009Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - 灵江 朱
- 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院风湿免疫科, 杭州 310009Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - 培玉 张
- 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院风湿免疫科, 杭州 310009Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - 淑婷 童
- 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院风湿免疫科, 杭州 310009Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - 静 薛
- 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院风湿免疫科, 杭州 310009Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - 燕 杜
- 浙江大学医学院附属第二医院风湿免疫科, 杭州 310009Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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Di Maggio G, Confalonieri P, Salton F, Trotta L, Ruggero L, Kodric M, Geri P, Hughes M, Bellan M, Gilio M, Lerda S, Baratella E, Confalonieri M, Mondini L, Ruaro B. Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis: An Overview. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7775-7802. [PMID: 37886934 PMCID: PMC10604992 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by significant fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, with the main involvement of the lungs, kidneys, heart, esophagus, and intestines. SSc is also characterized by macro- and microvascular damage with reduced peripheral blood perfusion. Several studies have reported more than 240 pathways and numerous dysregulation proteins, giving insight into how the field of biomarkers in SSc is still extremely complex and evolving. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are present in more than 90% of SSc patients, and anti-centromere and anti-topoisomerase I antibodies are considered classic biomarkers with precise clinical features. Recent studies have reported that trans-forming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays a central role in the fibrotic process. In addition, interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), interleukin receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transducer and activator of transcription signal 4 (STAT4), pyrin-containing domain 1 (NLRP1), as well as genetic factors, including DRB1 alleles, are implicated in SSc damage. Several interleukins (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-35) and chemokines (e.g., CCL 2, 5, 23, and CXC 9, 10, 16) are elevated in SSc. While adiponectin and maresin 1 are reduced in patients with SSc, biomarkers are important in research but will be increasingly so in the diagnosis and therapeutic approach to SSc. This review aims to present and highlight the various biomarker molecules, pathways, and receptors involved in the pathology of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Maggio
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.K.); (P.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Paola Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.K.); (P.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesco Salton
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.K.); (P.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Liliana Trotta
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.K.); (P.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Luca Ruggero
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.K.); (P.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Metka Kodric
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.K.); (P.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Pietro Geri
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.K.); (P.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Michael Hughes
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M6 8HD, UK;
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria, Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Michele Gilio
- Infectious Disease Unit, San Carlo Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Selene Lerda
- Graduate School, University of Milan, 20149 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Baratella
- Department of Radiology, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.K.); (P.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucrezia Mondini
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.K.); (P.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Barbara Ruaro
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Medical Surgical and Healt Sciencies, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.D.M.); (M.K.); (P.G.); (L.M.)
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Waldrep KM, Rodgers JI, Garrett SM, Wolf BJ, Feghali-Bostwick CA. The Role of SOX9 in IGF-II-Mediated Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11234. [PMID: 37510994 PMCID: PMC10378869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc) results in significant morbidity and mortality. We previously reported that insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is overexpressed in lung tissues and fibroblasts from SSc patients, and IGF-II fosters fibrosis by upregulating collagen type I, fibronectin, and TGFβ. We now show that IGF-II augments mRNA levels of profibrotic signaling molecules TGFβ2 (p ≤ 0.01) and TGFβ3 (p ≤ 0.05), collagen type III (p ≤ 0.01), and the collagen posttranslational modification enzymes P4HA2 (p ≤ 0.05), P3H2 (p ≤ 0.05), LOX (p = 0.065), LOXL2 (p ≤ 0.05), LOXL4 (p ≤ 0.05) in primary human lung fibroblasts. IGF-II increases protein levels of TGFβ2 (p ≤ 0.01), as well as COL3A1, P4HA2, P4Hβ, and LOXL4 (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, IGF-II decreases mRNA levels of the collagen degradation enzymes cathepsin (CTS) K, CTSB, and CTSL and protein levels of CTSK (p ≤ 0.05). The SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) is overexpressed in SSc lung tissues at the mRNA (p ≤ 0.05) and protein (p ≤ 0.01) levels compared to healthy controls. IGF-II induces SOX9 in lung fibroblasts (p ≤ 0.05) via the IGF1R/IR hybrid receptor, and SOX9 regulates TGFβ2 (p ≤ 0.05), TGFβ3 (p ≤ 0.05), COL3A1 (p ≤ 0.01), and P4HA2 (p ≤ 0.001) downstream of IGF-II. Our results identify a novel IGF-II signaling axis and downstream targets that are regulated in a SOX9-dependent and -independent manner. Our findings provide novel insights on the role of IGF-II in promoting pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy M. Waldrep
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.M.W.); (J.I.R.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Jessalyn I. Rodgers
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.M.W.); (J.I.R.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Sara M. Garrett
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.M.W.); (J.I.R.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Bethany J. Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Carol A. Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.M.W.); (J.I.R.); (S.M.G.)
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Tanner L, Bergwik J, Single AB, Bhongir RKV, Erjefält JS, Egesten A. Zoledronic Acid Targeting of the Mevalonate Pathway Causes Reduced Cell Recruitment and Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899469. [PMID: 35721132 PMCID: PMC9201219 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease causing irreparable scarring of lung tissue, with most patients succumbing rapidly after diagnosis. The mevalonate pathway, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and motility, is targeted by the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA). The aim of this study was to assess the antifibrotic effects of ZA and to elucidate the mechanisms by which potential IPF treatment occurs. Methods: A series of in vitro and in vivo models were employed to identify the therapeutic potential of ZA in treating IPF. In vitro transwell assays were used to assess the ability of ZA to reduce fibrotic-related immune cell recruitment. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) was screened as a potential antifibrotic target using a bleomycin mouse model. FDPS-targeting siRNA and ZA were administered to mice following the onset of experimentally-induced lung fibrosis. Downstream analyses were conducted on murine lung tissues and lung fluids including 23-plex cytokine array, flow cytometry, histology, Western blotting, immunofluorescent staining, and PCR analysis. Results:In vitro administration of ZA reduced myofibroblast transition and blocked NF-κB signaling in macrophages leading to impaired immune cell recruitment in a transwell assay. FDPS-targeting siRNA administration significantly attenuated profibrotic cytokine production and lung damage in a murine lung fibrosis model. Furthermore, ZA treatment of mice with bleomycin-induced lung damage displayed decreased cytokine levels in the BALF, plasma, and lung tissue, resulting in less histologically visible fibrotic scarring. Bleomycin-induced upregulation of the ZA target, FDPS, was reduced in lung tissue and fibroblasts upon ZA treatment. Confirmatory increases in FDPS immunoreactivity was seen in human IPF resected lung samples compared to control tissue indicating potential translational value of the approach. Additionally, ZA polarized macrophages towards a less profibrotic phenotype contributing to decreased IPF pathogenesis. Conclusion: This study highlights ZA as an expedient and efficacious treatment option against IPF in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bergwik
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrew B Single
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ravi K V Bhongir
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas S Erjefält
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arne Egesten
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Chen H, Shen Y, Liang Y, Qiu Y, Xu M, Li C. Selexipag improves Lipopolysaccharide-induced ARDS on C57BL/6 mice by modulating the cAMP/PKA and cAMP/Epac1 signaling pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1043-1052. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliu Chen
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Ying Shen
- General Practice School, Guangxi Medical University
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Ying Qiu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Meili Xu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Chaoqian Li
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
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Beatty R, Lu CE, Marzi J, Levey RE, Carvajal Berrio D, Lattanzi G, Wylie R, O'Connor R, Wallace E, Ghersi G, Salamone M, Dolan EB, Layland SL, Schenke-Layland K, Duffy GP. The Foreign Body Response to an Implantable Therapeutic Reservoir in a Diabetic Rodent Model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:515-528. [PMID: 34541880 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in type 1 diabetes mellitus treatments have vastly improved in recent years. The move toward a bioartificial pancreas and other fully implantable systems could help restore patient's glycemic control. However, the long-term success of implantable medical devices is often hindered by the foreign body response. Fibrous encapsulation "walls off" the implant to the surrounding tissue, impairing its functionality. In this study we aim to examine how streptozotocin-induced diabetes affects fibrous capsule formation and composition surrounding implantable drug delivery devices following subcutaneous implantation in a rodent model. After 2 weeks of implantation, the fibrous capsule surrounding the devices were examined by means of Raman spectroscopy, micro-computed tomography (μCT), and histological analysis. Results revealed no change in mean fibrotic capsule thickness between diabetic and healthy animals as measured by μCT. Macrophage numbers (CCR7 and CD163 positive) remained similar across all groups. True component analysis also showed no quantitative difference in the alpha-smooth muscle actin and extracellular matrix proteins. Although principal component analysis revealed significant secondary structural difference in collagen I in the diabetic group, no evidence indicates an influence on fibrous capsule composition surrounding the device. This study confirms that diabetes did not have an effect on the fibrous capsule thickness or composition surrounding our implantable drug delivery device. Impact Statement Understanding the impact diabetes has on the foreign body response (FBR) to our implanted material is essential for developing an effective drug delivery device. We used several approaches (Raman spectroscopy and micro-computed tomography imaging) to demonstrate a well-rounded understanding of the diabetic impact on the FBR to our devices, which is imperative for its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Beatty
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,SFI Research Centre for Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chuan-En Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Marzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ruth E Levey
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel Carvajal Berrio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Giulia Lattanzi
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert Wylie
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Raymond O'Connor
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eimear Wallace
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,ABIEL srl, c/o ARCA Incubatore di Imprese, Palermo, Italia
| | - Monica Salamone
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,ABIEL srl, c/o ARCA Incubatore di Imprese, Palermo, Italia
| | - Eimear B Dolan
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,SFI Research Centre for Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Jin X, Hou J, Zheng K, Wei D, Zhang A, Wang S, Mei H, Li C, Cheng L, Sun X. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Inhibiting the Fibrosis and Autoimmune Development in HOCl-Induced Systemic Scleroderma Mouse Model. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:262-274. [PMID: 34158413 PMCID: PMC8429945 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is a rare and serious connective tissue disease, an autoimmune disease, and a rare refractory disease. In this study, preventive effect of single systemic human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) transfusion on SSc was preliminarily explored. Methods and Results SSc mouse model was established by daily intradermal injection of Hypochlorite (HOCl). SSc mice were treated by single transfusion of UC-MSCs at 0.625×105, 2.5×105 and 1×106 respectively. At the 42nd day of intradermal injection of HOCl, the symptoms showed up by skin and alveolar wall thickening, lymphocytic infiltration, increased collagen in skin/lung, and the increased proportion of CD3+CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells (a Treg subset) in spleen. After UC-MSCs transfusion, the degree of skin thickening, alveolar wall thickening and lymphocyte infiltration were decreased, the collagen sedimentation in skin/lung was decreased, and the proportion of CD3+CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells was decreased. Conclusions UC-MSC can achieve a preventive effect in SSc mice by fibrosis attenuation and immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Jiali Hou
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Ali Zhang
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Siqi Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Mei
- National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Chuang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Lamei Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
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8
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Zhou S, He Y, Zhang W, Xiong Y, Jiang L, Wang J, Cui X, Qu Y, Ge F. Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis polysaccharides alleviate chronic kidney disease through MAPK/NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114189. [PMID: 33964361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis (O. lanpingensis) is a traditional ethno-medicine distributed in Eastern Himalayas, which has been used by local minorities to prevent and treat urinary diseases for hundreds of years. However, the corresponding active components and related pharmacological mechanism of such medication are not clear yet. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study was performed to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of O. lanpingensis polysaccharides (OLP) in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on our previous research results. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methylation analysis was used to investigate the monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkages in OLP. The animals were divided into the control group, CKD model group, losartan group and three different doses of OLP groups. The CKD mouse model was established by the adenine gavage. The histological changes of renal tissue were observed by Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining. Biochemical indicators, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), serum phosphorus (P), plasma calcium (Ca), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to evaluate the alleviation of CKD by OLP. Moreover, the expression levels of a series of cytokines related to the inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis were analyzed to explore the possible mechanisms of OLP to treat CKD. RESULTS OLP is composed of three kinds of monosaccharides. There are eight kinds of glycosidic linkages in OLP, among which →4)-Glcp-(1→ is the main linkage. OLP could significantly attenuate CKD in mice and the tubulointerstitial damage was recovered to almost normal after the treatment of OLP. Compared with the CKD model group, the levels of Scr, BUN, MDA, P in OLP treatment groups were significantly decreased; and the levels of SOD and Ca were increased after OLP treatment. Furthermore, OLP could reduce the oxidative stress of the renal tissues, decrease the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors through TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathway, inhibit the apoptosis of renal cells by MAPK pathway, and relieve the renal fibrosis by down-regulating the expression of TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS OLP is composed of three kinds of monosaccharides and →4)-Glcp-(1→ is the main glycosidic linkage in the polysaccharide. OLP could ameliorate CKD in mice by declining the oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis in the kidneys. The study provided some evidences for the potential application of OLP in alleviating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yifeng He
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650215, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Feng Ge
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China.
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9
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Cutolo M, Gotelli E, Montagna P, Tardito S, Paolino S, Pizzorni C, Sulli A, Smith V, Soldano S. Nintedanib downregulates the transition of cultured systemic sclerosis fibrocytes into myofibroblasts and their pro-fibrotic activity. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:205. [PMID: 34344444 PMCID: PMC8330043 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating fibrocytes are an important source of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which are involved in fibrotic processes, including systemic sclerosis (SSc). The study aimed to investigate the effect of nintedanib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) in inhibiting the in vitro transition of circulating SSc fibrocytes into myofibroblasts and their pro-fibrotic activity. Methods Circulating fibrocytes were obtained from 18 SSc patients and 5 healthy subjects (HSs). Cultured SSc fibrocytes were maintained in growth medium (untreated cells) or treated with nintedanib 0.1 and 1 μM for 3 and 24 h. Fibroblast-specific protein-1 (S100A4) and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), as markers of fibroblast/myofibroblast phenotype, together with type I collagen (COL1) and fibronectin (FN), were investigated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Results Significantly elevated gene and protein expressions of αSMA, S100A4, COL1, and FN were observed in SSc fibrocytes compared to HS fibrocytes (gene: αSMA p < 0.001; others p < 0.0001; protein: all p < 0.05). Interestingly, an increased gene and protein expression of αSMA and S100A4 was found in fibrocytes from SSc patients positive for anti-Scl70 and with interstitial lung disease (ILD) (Scl70+ILD+) compared to Scl70−ILD− patients (S100A4: gene: p < 0.01; protein: p < 0.05), whereas no differences were observed for COL1 and FN. Nintedanib reduced gene and protein expression of αSMA, S100A4, COL1, and FN in SSc fibrocytes compared to untreated ones with different statistical significance. Noteworthy, nintedanib significantly downregulated gene and protein expression of αSMA, S100A4, COL1, and FN in Scl70+ILD+ fibrocytes (all p < 0.05), whereas only that of S100A4 and FN was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in Scl70−ILD− fibrocytes compared to the related untreated cells. Conclusions Nintedanib seems to downregulate in vitro the transition of fibrocytes into myofibroblasts and their pro-fibrotic activity, particularly in cells isolated from Scl70+ILD+ SSc patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02555-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Gotelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Montagna
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Samuele Tardito
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carmen Pizzorni
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Sulli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefano Soldano
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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10
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Ruaro B, Santiago T, Hughes M, Lepri G, Poillucci G, Baratella E, Salton F, Confalonieri M. The Updated Role of Ultrasound in Assessing Dermatological Manifestations in Systemic Sclerosis. Open Access Rheumatol 2021; 13:79-91. [PMID: 33953621 PMCID: PMC8092351 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s282612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc), an autoimmune connective tissue disease, characterized by skin fibrosis, increased dermal thickness and microvascular involvement. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts deposit excessive amounts of collagenous and non-collagenous extracellular matrix components in the skin. This leads to microvascular abnormalities and Raynaud's phenomenon, with painful digital ulcers (DU) at the fingertips adding to patient discomfort. The skin involvement and severity in SSc was evaluated by the Modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). Although high-frequency ultrasound (HUS) has been widely researched in the study of skin thickness and DU in SSc, its adoption into clinical practice is not yet common. However, novel insights into the still relatively unknown disease pathogenesis in SSc and its evaluation may be provided by HUS, including early (pre-clinical) skin involvement. It may also be useful in both the evaluation and follow-up of DU. Indeed, it is a non-invasive, safe, inexpensive and reproducible method able to assess not only SSc patients' cutaneous structural changes, but also their vascular system changes. Moreover, several recent studies have reported that elastosonography (ES) is of use when investigating skin involvement in systemic sclerosis. This review aims at providing information as to role HUS and ES play in research advancements and the clinical perspectives in the evaluation of skin thickness and DU in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruaro
- Unit of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tania Santiago
- Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalare Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Medicine Faculty, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael Hughes
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gemma Lepri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Poillucci
- Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Baratella
- Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Salton
- Unit of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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11
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Romano E, Rosa I, Fioretto BS, Cerinic MM, Manetti M. The Role of Pro-fibrotic Myofibroblasts in Systemic Sclerosis: from Origin to Therapeutic Targeting. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:209-239. [PMID: 33823766 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210325102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) is a complex connective tissue disorder characterized by multisystem clinical manifestations resulting from immune dysregulation/autoimmunity, vasculopathy and, most notably, progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. In recent years, it has emerged that the main drivers of SSc-related tissue fibrosis are myofibroblasts, a type of mesenchymal cells with both the extracellular matrix-synthesizing features of fibroblasts and the cytoskeletal characteristics of contractile smooth muscle cells. The accumulation and persistent activation of pro-fibrotic myofibroblasts during SSc development and progression result into elevated mechanical stress and reduced matrix plasticity within the affected tissues and may be ascribed to a reduced susceptibility of these cells to pro-apoptotic stimuli, as well as their increased formation from tissue-resident fibroblasts or transition from different cell types. Given the crucial role of myofibroblasts in SSc pathogenesis, finding the way to inhibit myofibroblast differentiation and accumulation by targeting their formation, function and survival may represent an effective approach to hamper the fibrotic process or even halt or reverse established fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the role of myofibroblasts in SSc-related fibrosis, with a special focus on their cellular origin and the signaling pathways implicated in their formation and persistent activation. Furthermore, we provide an overview of potential therapeutic strategies targeting myofibroblasts that may be able to counteract fibrosis in this pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence. Italy
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence. Italy
| | - Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence. Italy
| | - Marco Matucci Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence. Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence. Italy
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12
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Corboz MR, Salvail W, Gagnon S, LaSala D, Laurent CE, Salvail D, Chen KJ, Cipolla D, Perkins WR, Chapman RW. Prostanoid receptor subtypes involved in treprostinil-mediated vasodilation of rat pulmonary arteries and in treprostinil-mediated inhibition of collagen gene expression of human lung fibroblasts. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 152:106486. [PMID: 33011365 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treprostinil (TRE) is a potent pulmonary vasodilator with effects on other pathological aspects of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this study, the prostanoid receptors involved in TRE-induced relaxation of isolated rat pulmonary arteries and TRE-induced inhibition of increased gene expression in collagen synthesis and contractility of human lung fibroblasts were determined. TRE (0.01-100 μM) relaxed prostaglandin F2α-precontracted rat pulmonary arteries which was attenuated by denudation of the vascular endothelium. TRE-induced relaxation was predominantly blocked by the IP receptor antagonist RO3244194 (1 μM), with slightly greater inhibition in endothelium-denuded tissue. At higher TRE concentrations (> 1 μM), the DP1 receptor antagonist BW A868C (1 μM) also inhibited relaxation reaching significance above 10 μM. In contrast, the EP3 receptor antagonist L798106 (1 μM) accentuated TRE-induced relaxation of pulmonary arteries with intact endothelium. In human lung fibroblasts, the EP2 receptor antagonist PF-04418948 (1 μM) blocked transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-increased expression of collagen synthesis (COL1A1 and COL1A2) and fibroblast contractility (ACTG2) genes in presence of TRE (0.1 μM). In conclusion, the IP receptor located on rat pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and endothelium is the primary receptor mediating vasorelaxation, while the DP1 receptor present on the rat endothelium is involved only at higher TRE concentrations. In human lung fibroblasts, the EP2 receptor is the dominant receptor subtype involved in suppression of increased collagen synthesis and fibroblast contractility gene expression induced by TGF-β1 in the presence of TRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel R Corboz
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA.
| | - William Salvail
- IPS Therapeutique Incorporated, Sherbrooke, QC, J1G5J6, Canada.
| | - Sandra Gagnon
- IPS Therapeutique Incorporated, Sherbrooke, QC, J1G5J6, Canada.
| | - Daniel LaSala
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA.
| | | | - Dany Salvail
- IPS Therapeutique Incorporated, Sherbrooke, QC, J1G5J6, Canada.
| | - Kuan-Ju Chen
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA.
| | - David Cipolla
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA.
| | - Walter R Perkins
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA.
| | - Richard W Chapman
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA.
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13
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Cutolo M, Soldano S, Montagna P, Martinelli G, Tardito S, Corallo C, Giordano N, Tavilla P, Cozzani E, Parodi A, Sulli A, Pizzorni C, Patane M, Smith V, Paolino S. Apremilast interferes with the TGFβ1-induced transition of human skin fibroblasts into profibrotic myofibroblasts: in vitro study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:3927-3938. [PMID: 32725130 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and extracellular matrix overproduction represent progressive events in chronic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, in which TGFβ1 is one of the key mediators. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) acts as a proinflammatory enzyme through the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and it is overexpressed in skin fibroblasts. The study investigated how apremilast (a PDE4 inhibitor) interferes with the intracellular signalling pathways responsible for the TGFβ1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and profibrotic extracellular matrix protein synthesis. METHODS Cultured human skin fibroblasts were stimulated with TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml) alone or combined with apremilast (1 and 10 μM) for 4, 16 and 24 h. Other aliquots of the same cells were previously stimulated with TGFβ1 and then treated with apremilast (1 and 10 μM) for 4, 16 and 24 h, always under stimulation with TGFβ1. Gene and protein expression of αSMA, type I collagen (COL1) and fibronectin were evaluated, together with the activation of small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 and 3 (Smad2/3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2) proteins. RESULTS Apremilast reduced the TGFβ1-induced increase in αSMA, COL1 and fibronectin gene expression at 4 and 16 h, and protein synthesis at 24 h of treatment in cultured fibroblasts, even for cells already differentiated into myofibroblasts by way of a previous stimulation with TGFβ1. Apremilast inhibited the TGFβ1-induced Smad2/3 and Erk1/2 phosphorylation at 15 and 30 min. CONCLUSION Apremilast seems to inhibit in vitro the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and the profibrotic activity induced by TGFβ1 in cultured human skin fibroblasts by downregulating Smad2/3 and Erk1/2 intracellular signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Stefano Soldano
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Paola Montagna
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Giulia Martinelli
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Samuele Tardito
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Claudio Corallo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Scleroderma Unit, University of Siena, Siena
| | - Nicola Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Scleroderma Unit, University of Siena, Siena
| | - Pierpaolo Tavilla
- Department of Health Science, Unit of Dermatology, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzani
- Department of Health Science, Unit of Dermatology, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Department of Health Science, Unit of Dermatology, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Sulli
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Carmen Pizzorni
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Massimo Patane
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
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14
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Liang M, Lv J, Jiang Z, He H, Chen C, Xiong Y, Zhu X, Xue Y, Yu Y, Yang S, Wang L, Li W, Guan M, Wan W, He R, Zou H. Promotion of Myofibroblast Differentiation and Tissue Fibrosis by the Leukotriene B 4 -Leukotriene B 4 Receptor Axis in Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1013-1025. [PMID: 31872544 DOI: 10.1002/art.41192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of the inflammatory lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ) and its receptor, BLT1, in the development and progression of systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Serum levels of LTB4 were compared in 64 patients with SSc and 80 healthy controls. Skin and lung tissue sections from patients with SSc and healthy donors were immunostained for leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4 H), the critical enzyme for LTB4 synthesis, and BLT1, in combination with different cell markers. In mouse models of SSc using bleomycin or angiotensin II challenge or immunization with the DNA topoisomerase I, genetic or pharmacologic interruption of the LTB4 -BLT1 axis in mice was carried out to assess its effects on systemic disease features and myofibroblast markers. Immunoblotting was performed to examine the signaling pathway in fibroblasts and endothelial cells following stimulation with LTB4 or with serum from SSc patients. RESULTS Serum LTB4 levels were 44.93% higher in patients with SSc than in matched healthy controls (mean ± SD 220.3 ± 74.75 pg/ml versus 152.0 ± 68.05 pg/ml; P < 0.0001), and this was associated with the patient subsets of SSc-associated interstitial lung disease and diffuse cutaneous SSc. Levels of LTA4 H and BLT1 were increased in lesional areas of the skin and lungs of SSc patients, and both were abundant in myofibroblasts and endothelial cells. Interruption of the LTB4 -BLT1 axis in mouse models of SSc significantly mitigated dermal and pulmonary fibrosis, with 54.00% and 52.65% fewer α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts accumulating in the skin and lungs of mice, respectively, after bleomycin challenge. Immunoblotting of cultures with recombinant LTB4 -stimulated fibroblasts and endothelial cells or with serum from SSc patients showed that fibroblast-myofibroblast and endothelial-mesenchymal transitions were promoted via BLT1, and that this was dependent on activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway but independent of the release of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) by fibroblasts or endothelial cells. CONCLUSION The LTB4 -BLT1 axis may contribute to fibrosis in SSc by directly promoting myofibroblast differentiation via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and this appears to operate independently of autocrine secretion of TGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Liang
- Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyan Lv
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China, and Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixing Jiang
- Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Yu
- Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingbiao Wang
- Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ming Guan
- Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) has the highest cause-specific mortality of all the connective tissue diseases, and the aetiology of this complex and heterogeneous condition remains an enigma. Current disease-modifying therapies for SSc predominantly target inflammatory and vascular pathways but have variable and unpredictable clinical efficacy, and none is curative. Moreover, many of these therapies possess undesirable safety profiles and have no appreciable effect on long-term mortality. This Review describes the most promising of the existing therapeutic targets for SSc and places them in the context of our evolving understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. As well as taking an in-depth look at the immune, inflammatory, vascular and fibrotic pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc, this Review discusses emerging treatment targets and therapeutic strategies. The article concludes with an overview of important unanswered questions in SSc research that might inform the design of future studies of treatments aimed at modifying the course of this disease.
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Insights into myofibroblasts and their activation in scleroderma: opportunities for therapy? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2019; 30:581-587. [PMID: 30074511 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The persistence of myofibroblasts is a key feature of fibrosis and in fibrotic diseases including scleroderma. This review evaluates the emerging concepts of the origins and cell populations that contribute to myofibroblasts and the molecular mechanisms that govern phenotypic conversion and that highlight opportunities for new interventional treatments in scleroderma. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have defined heterogeneity in fibroblast-like cells that can develop into myofibroblast in normal wound healing, scarring and fibrosis. Characterizing these distinct cell populations and their behaviour has been a key focus. In addition, the overarching impact of epigenetic regulation of genes associated with inflammatory responses, cell signalling and cell communication and the extracellular matrix (ECM) has provided important insights into the formation of myofibroblast and their function. Important new studies include investigations into the relationship between inflammation and myofibroblast production and further evidence has been gathered that reveal the importance of ECM microenvironment, biomechanical sensing and mechanotransduction. SUMMARY This review highlights our current understanding and outlines the increasing complexity of the biological processes that leads to the appearance of the myofibroblast in normal functions and in diseased tissues. We also focus on areas of special interest in particular, studies that have therapeutic potential in fibrosis and scleroderma.
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Abstract
The metastasis-promoting S100A4 protein, a member of the S100 family, has recently been discovered as a potent factor implicated in various inflammation-associated diseases. S100A4 is involved in a range of biological functions such as angiogenesis, cell differentiation, apoptosis, motility, and invasion. Moreover, S100A4 is also a potent trigger of inflammatory processes and induces the release of cytokines and growth factors under different pathological conditions.Indeed, the release of S100A4 upon stress and mainly its pro-inflammatory role emerges as the most decisive activity in disease development, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc) allergy, psoriasis, and cancer. In the scope of this review, we will focus on the role of S100A4 as a mediator of pro-inflammatory pathways and its associated biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of various human noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer.
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Cutolo M, Soldano S, Smith V. Pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis: current understanding and new insights. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:753-764. [PMID: 31046487 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1614915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by chronic and progressive tissue and organ fibrosis with broad patient-to-patient variability. Some risk factors are known and include combination of persistent Raynaud's phenomenon, steroid hormone imbalance, selected chemicals, thermal, or other injuries. Endogenous and/or exogenous environmental trigger/risk factors promote epigenetic mechanisms in genetically primed subjects. Disease pathogenesis presents early microvascular changes with endothelial cell dysfunction, followed by the activation of mechanisms promoting their transition into myofibroblasts. A complex autoimmune response, involving innate and adaptive immunity with specific/functional autoantibody production, characterizes the disease. Progressive fibrosis and ischemia involve skin and visceral organs resulting in their irreversible damage/failure. Progenitor circulating cells (monocytes, fibrocytes), together with growth factors and cytokines participate in disease diffusion and evolution. Epigenetic, vascular and immunologic mechanisms implicated in systemic fibrosis, represent major targets for incoming disease modifying therapeutic approaches. Areas covered: This review discusses current understanding and new insights of SSc pathogenesis, through an overview of the most relevant advancements to present aspects and mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis. Expert opinion: Considering SSc intricacy/heterogeneity, early combination therapy with vasodilators, immunosuppressive and antifibrotic drugs should successfully downregulate the disease progression, especially if started from the beginning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- a Research Laboratory and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Stefano Soldano
- a Research Laboratory and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Rheumatology , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium.,d Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation , VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC) , Ghent , Belgium
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19
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Yao X, Cheng F, Yu W, Rao T, Li W, Zhao S, Zhou X, Ning J. Cathepsin S regulates renal fibrosis in mouse models of mild and severe hydronephrosis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:141-150. [PMID: 31115520 PMCID: PMC6580002 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the cysteine protease family, cathepsin S (CTSS) serves an important role in diseases such as cancer, arthritis and atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, its role in renal fibrosis is unknown. In the present study, the effects of CTSS on renal fibrosis in mild (group M) and severe (group S) hydronephrosis were studied by reverse transcription‑-quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR), western blot analysis (WB), Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining in mouse models. The effects of CTSS on extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the potential mechanisms were further studied by RT‑qPCR and WB in transforming growth factor (TGF‑β1)‑stimulated TCMK‑1 cells. Compared with group N (no hydronephrosis), the expression levels of CTSS in the M and S groups were significantly higher, and a significant increase in ECM deposition was observed in the S group. In addition, compared with group N, the expression levels of TGF‑β1, α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA), SMAD2, SMAD3, phosphorylated (p)SMAD2 and pSMAD3 in groups M and S were significantly higher, whereas the expression of E‑cadherin was significantly lower. Inhibition of CTSS expression increased the expression levels of TGF‑β1, α‑SMA, fibronectin, collagen‑I, SMAD2, SMAD3, pSMAD2 and pSMAD3, whereas E‑cadherin expression decreased. A significant increase in CTSS was observed in the TGF‑β1‑stimulated TCMK‑1 cell line. ECM deposition and EMT were also intensified. The opposite outcomes occurred after intervention with small interfering RNA targeting CTSS. In conclusion, CTSS affected EMT and the deposition of ECM. CTSS may mediate the regulation of fibrosis by the TGF‑β/SMAD signaling pathway. CTSS may serve an important role in the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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20
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Ruaro B, Soldano S, Smith V, Paolino S, Contini P, Montagna P, Pizzorni C, Casabella A, Tardito S, Sulli A, Cutolo M. Correlation between circulating fibrocytes and dermal thickness in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis patients: a pilot study. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:1369-1376. [PMID: 31056725 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective is to detect any possible correlation between the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) and dermal thickness (DT) measured by skin high-frequency ultrasound (US) and the percentage of circulating fibrocytes in patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc). Eight lcSSc patients and five healthy subjects (control group, CNT) were enrolled. The skin involvement was evaluated by mRSS and US (18 and 22 MHz probes) in all 13 subjects in the 17 standard skin areas evaluated by mRss. Circulating fibrocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of all lcSSc patients and the CNT group to analyze their percentage at baseline time (T0) when the experiments started with PBMCs' isolation and collection and after 8 days of culture (T8). Non-parametric tests were used for the statistical analysis. A positive correlation between the percentage of circulating fibrocytes at T0, mRSS (p = 0.04 r = 0.96), and DT-US, evaluated by the 22 MHz and the 18 MHz probes (p = 0.03, r = 0.66 and p = 0.05, r = 0.52, respectively), was observed in lcSSc patients. Conversely, at T8, there was no correlation (p > 0.05) between these parameters in lcSSc group. In the CNT group, no correlations between mRSS or DT-US and the percentage of circulating fibrocytes were observed both at T0 and T8. The study shows the presence of a significant relationship between the percentage of circulating fibrocytes and DT, as evidenced by both mRSS and US, in limited cutaneus SSc. This observation may well suggest the reasonable hypothesis of a crucial contribution of circulating fibrocytes to skin fibrosis progression, which might be considered as further biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruaro
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Soldano
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Contini
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Montagna
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carmen Pizzorni
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Casabella
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Samuele Tardito
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Sulli
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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21
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He Y, Xu H, Xiang Z, Yu H, Xu L, Guo Y, Tian Y, Shu R, Yang X, Xue C, Zhao M, He Y, Han X, Bai D. YAP regulates periodontal ligament cell differentiation into myofibroblast interacted with RhoA/ROCK pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5086-5096. [PMID: 30341888 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) receive the mechanical stimuli and transform it into myofibroblasts (Mfbs). Indeed, previous studies have demonstrated that mechanical stimuli can promote the expression of Mfb marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in PDLCs. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), as the target gene of yes-associated protein (YAP), has been proven to be involved in this process. Here, we sought to assess the role of YAP in Mfbs differentiation from PDLCs. The time-course expression of YAP and α-SMA was manifested in OTM model in vivo as well as under tensional stimuli in vitro. Inhibition of RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway using Y27632 significantly reduced tension-induced Mfb differentiation and YAP expression. Moreover, overexpression of YAP with lentiviral transfection in PDLCs rescued the repression effect of Mfb differentiation induced by Y27632. These data together suggest a crucial role of YAP in regulating tension-induced Mfb differentiation from PDLC interacted with RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao He
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Orthodontic Centre, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zichao Xiang
- Orthodontic Centre, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyou Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongwen Guo
- Orthodontic Centre, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Orthodontic Centre, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Shu
- Orthodontic Centre, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianrui Yang
- Orthodontic Centre, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoran Xue
- Orthodontic Centre, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhao
- Orthodontic Centre, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiruo He
- Orthodontic Centre, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianglong Han
- Orthodontic Centre, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding Bai
- Orthodontic Centre, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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