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Zhu D, Chen S, Sheng P, Wang Z, Li Y, Kang X. POSTN promotes nucleus pulposus cell senescence and extracellular matrix metabolism via activing Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signal pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111277. [PMID: 38944256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent condition contributing to back pain and disability. Periostin (POSTN) has emerged as a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target in IVDD, prompting further investigation into its role and mechanisms. METHODS This study employs bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental validation to explore the role of POSTN in IVDD. Gene expression datasets from the GEO database were analyzed to identify genes associated with IVDD, and the effects of POSTN on rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells senescence and extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Elevated POSTN expression was observed in degenerated discs from IVDD patients, correlating with disease severity. In vitro experiments demonstrated that POSTN promotes NP cells senescence and ECM metabolism in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In vivo studies confirmed that POSTN inhibition can ameliorate the progression of IVDD. Further mechanistic insights revealed that POSTN may exert its effects by activating the NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. CONCLUSION POSTN plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of IVDD, with its upregulated expression closely linked to NP cells senescence and ECM metabolism. Targeting POSTN could offer a novel therapeutic strategy for IVDD. Additionally, the study predicts small molecules that may inhibit POSTN expression, providing potential candidates for the development of new drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxue Zhu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Pan Sheng
- The 947th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashgar, PR China
| | - Zhaoheng Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Yanhu Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, PR China.
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Rusbjerg-Weberskov CE, Gant MS, Chamot-Rooke J, Nielsen NS, Enghild JJ. Development of a top-down MS assay for specific identification of human periostin isoforms. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1399225. [PMID: 38962283 PMCID: PMC11220192 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1399225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Periostin is a matricellular protein encoded by the POSTN gene that is alternatively spliced to produce ten different periostin isoforms with molecular weights ranging from 78 to 91 kDa. It is known to promote fibrillogenesis, organize the extracellular matrix, and bind integrin-receptors to induce cell signaling. As well as being a key component of the wound healing process, it is also known to participate in the pathogenesis of different diseases including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and cancer. In both health and disease, the functions of the different periostin isoforms are largely unknown. The ability to precisely determine the isoform profile of a given human sample is fundamental for characterizing their functional significance. Identification of periostin isoforms is most often carried out at the transcriptional level using RT-PCR based approaches, but due to high sequence homogeneity, identification on the protein level has always been challenging. Top-down proteomics, where whole proteins are measured by mass spectrometry, offers a fast and reliable method for isoform identification. Here we present a fully developed top-down mass spectrometry assay for the characterization of periostin splice isoforms at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan S. Gant
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, Paris, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Sukusu Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J. Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Mochizuki M, Okumo T, Takemura H, Izukashi K, Tatsuo T, Ikemoto H, Adachi N, Kawate N, Sunagawa M. Suppressive Activity of Boiogito, a Japanese Traditional Kampo Medicine, on Periostin Secretion in Human Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes In Vitro. Cureus 2024; 16:e57690. [PMID: 38711706 PMCID: PMC11070614 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent degenerative disease that affects the knee joints, particularly among individuals aged over 40 years. It leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced quality of life; affects approximately 300 million individuals worldwide; and is increasing, particularly in developed nations. Although treatments for KOA range from conservative measures to surgical interventions, such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the financial burden of TKA in many countries underscores the urgent need for effective conservative therapies. The pathophysiology of KOA involves articular cartilage degeneration, increased subchondral bone turnover, synovitis, and periarticular soft tissue contracture. Abnormal bone turnover, intensified by factors, such as weight gain and knee injury, precedes cartilage degeneration. Synovitis, characterized by inflammation in the synovial tissue, plays a crucial role in perpetuating the disease by triggering a cascade of catabolic and proinflammatory mediators, including cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-13. Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, is implicated in KOA progression, with its levels increasing with disease severity. Materials & methods In this study, the preventive effect of boiogito (BOT), a traditional herbal medicine, on periostin secretion in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (hFLS) stimulated by IL-13 was investigated. Synoviocyte Growth Medium and recombinant human IL-13 were used for cell culture and stimulation. BOT was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline and applied to cell cultures. Periostin secretion and mRNA expression were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay, and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6 (STAT6) phosphorylation was examined using Western blotting. Results IL-13 stimulation of hFLS significantly increased periostin secretion, with levels rising above 20 ng/mL after 72 h of stimulation. Pretreatment with BOT dose-dependently suppressed periostin secretion, with doses of 1,000 μg/mL significantly reducing periostin levels. Furthermore, BOT inhibited periostin mRNA expression and STAT6 phosphorylation in IL-13-stimulated hFLS, suggesting its potential in modulating IL-13-mediated inflammatory pathways in KOA. Conclusion This study demonstrated the preventive effect of BOT on periostin secretion in IL-13-stimulated hFLS, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for KOA. By inhibiting periostin production and downstream signaling pathways, BOT may offer a promising conservative treatment option for KOA, addressing the inflammatory cascade implicated in disease progression. Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific herbal components responsible for the therapeutic effects of BOT and to validate its efficacy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Mochizuki
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Takayuki Okumo
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Haruka Takemura
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Kanako Izukashi
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Tokito Tatsuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, JPN
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Hideshi Ikemoto
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Naoki Adachi
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Nobuyuki Kawate
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, Showa University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
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Li Z, Xie L, Zeng H, Wu Y. PDK4 inhibits osteoarthritis progression by activating the PPAR pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:109. [PMID: 38308345 PMCID: PMC10835968 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease caused by the deterioration of cartilage. However, the underlying mechanisms of OA pathogenesis remain elusive. METHODS Hub genes were screened by bioinformatics analysis based on the GSE114007 and GSE169077 datasets. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of OA was constructed by intra-articular injection of a mixture of papain and L-cysteine. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect pathological changes in OA rat models. Inflammatory cytokine levels in serum were measured employing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was implemented to assess the hub gene expressions in OA rat models. The roles of PDK4 and the mechanism regulating the PPAR pathway were evaluated through western blot, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), ELISA, and flow cytometry assays in C28/I2 chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. RESULTS Six hub genes were identified, of which COL1A1, POSTN, FAP, and CDH11 expressions were elevated, while PDK4 and ANGPTL4 were reduced in OA. Overexpression of PDK4 inhibited apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6), and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation protein expressions (MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-4) in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Further investigation revealed that PDK4 promoted the expression of PPAR signaling pathway-related proteins: PPARA, PPARD, and ACSL1. Additionally, GW9662, an inhibitor of the PPAR pathway, significantly counteracted the inhibitory effect of PDK4 overexpression on IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. CONCLUSION PDK4 inhibits OA development by activating the PPAR pathway, which provides new insights into the OA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.16, MeiGuan Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lifeng Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 MinDe Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.16, MeiGuan Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yaohong Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.16, MeiGuan Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Brightwell CR, Latham CM, Keeble AR, Thomas NT, Owen AM, Reeves KA, Long DE, Patrick M, Gonzalez-Velez S, Abed V, Annamalai RT, Jacobs C, Conley CE, Hawk GS, Stone AV, Fry JL, Thompson KL, Johnson DL, Noehren B, Fry CS. GDF8 inhibition enhances musculoskeletal recovery and mitigates posttraumatic osteoarthritis following joint injury. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi9134. [PMID: 38019905 PMCID: PMC10686569 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders contribute substantially to worldwide disability. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears result in unresolved muscle weakness and posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal degeneration following ACL injury. We investigated GDF8 levels in ACL-injured human skeletal muscle and serum and tested a humanized monoclonal GDF8 antibody against a placebo in a mouse model of PTOA (surgically induced ACL tear). In patients, muscle GDF8 was predictive of atrophy, weakness, and periarticular bone loss 6 months following surgical ACL reconstruction. In mice, GDF8 antibody administration substantially mitigated muscle atrophy, weakness, and fibrosis. GDF8 antibody treatment rescued the skeletal muscle and articular cartilage transcriptomic response to ACL injury and attenuated PTOA severity and deficits in periarticular bone microarchitecture. Furthermore, GDF8 genetic deletion neutralized musculoskeletal deficits in response to ACL injury. Our findings support an opportunity for rapid targeting of GDF8 to enhance functional musculoskeletal recovery and mitigate the severity of PTOA after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R. Brightwell
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christine M. Latham
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Alexander R. Keeble
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Thomas
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Allison M. Owen
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kelsey A. Reeves
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Douglas E. Long
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Matthew Patrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Varag Abed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ramkumar T. Annamalai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cale Jacobs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Caitlin E. Conley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory S. Hawk
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Austin V. Stone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jean L. Fry
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Katherine L. Thompson
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Darren L. Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Brian Noehren
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Cheng P, Gong S, Guo C, Kong P, Li C, Yang C, Zhang T, Peng J. Exploration of effective biomarkers and infiltrating Immune cells in Osteoarthritis based on bioinformatics analysis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:242-254. [PMID: 37140355 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2185627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multi-factorial chronic joint disease mainly identified by synovial inflammation, cartilage damage, and degeneration. Our study applied bioinformatics analysis to uncover the immunity in OA and tried to explore the underlying immune-related molecular mechanism. First, OA-related gene-expression profiling data were retrieved from GEO database. Then, we analysed a series of datadata with using the xCell algorithm, GEO2R, enrichment analysis of SangerBox website, CytoHubba, ROC logistic regression and correlation analysis. Finally, Nine infiltrating immune cells with differential abundance between OA and normal samples were obtained. There were 42 IODEGs in OA, and their functions were associated with immune cells and corresponding biological processes. Moreover, 5 hub genes, including GREM1, NRP1, VEGFA, FYN and IL6R, were identified. Correlation analysis demonstrated that NRP1 was negatively associated with NKT cells, NRP1 and GREM1 were positively associated with aDC, VEGFA was positively associated with CD8+ naïve T cells, while VEGFA, FYN and IL6R were negatively associated with Macrophages M1. The 5 hub genes could be employed as effective diagnostic biomarkers for OA. In addition, they may participate in OA pathogenesis via interactions with infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaotao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shouhang Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Caopei Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ping Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chencheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chengbing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiachen Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Joint Orthopaedic Research Center, Zunyi Medical University & University of Rochester Medical Center, Zunyi, China
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Tseng TH, Chen CL, Chang CH, Wang JH, Young TH. IL-6 induces periostin production in human ACL remnants: a possible mechanism causing post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:824. [PMID: 37919719 PMCID: PMC10621128 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perostin (POSTN) and IL-6 consistently elevated after ACL injury, and ACL has been proposed as the major source of POSTN. However, there is a lack of evidence whether IL-6 induces ACL remnants to produce POSTN. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IL-6 on POSTN production in ACL fibroblasts, which may help us understand more about the mechanism of PTOA after ACL injury and ACL reconstruction. METHODS ACL remnants were harvested from 27 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to examine the POSTN gene expression of ACL fibroblasts after treatment of different concentrations of IL-6. The POSTN protein production of ACL fibroblasts was determined using western blot analysis. The blockers of possible signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, Ras/MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways, were added to test whether the effect of IL-6 on ACL fibroblast could be attenuated. ACL fibroblast and chondrocyte co-culture was carried out to determine the influence of ACL and IL-6 on chondrocytes. RESULTS Quantitative real-time PCR showed that IL-6 time-dependently and dose-dependently increased POSTN gene expression of ACL fibroblast. Western blot analysis also revealed that IL-6 dose-dependently induced POSTN protein production. Regarding the chronicity of ACL injury, the POSTN protein production was comparable between ACL remnants which were derived within 3 months of injury and at least 6 months after injury. PI3K/Akt blockers could attenuate the effect of IL-6 on ACL remnants, whereas Ras/MAPK and JAK/STAT did not decrease POSTN production. The coexistence of ACL and IL-6 induced more MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4 by chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 induced ACL remnants to produce POSTN. This effect could be attenuated by the PI3K/Akt blocker. Coexistence of IL-6 and ACL remnants may accelerate post-traumatic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hao Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chungsan South Road, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chungsan South Road, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chungsan South Road, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan.
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Donnenfield JI, Karamchedu NP, Proffen BL, Molino J, Fleming BC, Murray MM. Transcriptomic changes in porcine articular cartilage one year following disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284777. [PMID: 37134114 PMCID: PMC10156018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the transcriptomic changes seen in early- to mid-stage posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development, 72 Yucatan minipigs underwent transection of the anterior cruciate ligament. Subjects were randomized to no further intervention, ligament reconstruction, or ligament repair, followed by articular cartilage harvesting and RNA-sequencing at three different postoperative timepoints (1, 4, and 52 weeks). Six additional subjects received no ligament transection and provided cartilage tissue to serve as controls. Differential gene expression analysis between post-transection cartilage and healthy cartilage revealed an initial increase in transcriptomic differences at 1 and 4 weeks followed by a stark reduction in transcriptomic differences at 52 weeks. This analysis also showed how different treatments genetically modulate the course of PTOA following ligament disruption. Specific genes (e.g., MMP1, POSTN, IGF1, PTGFR, HK1) were identified as being upregulated in the cartilage of injured subjects across all timepoints regardless of treatment. At the 52-week timepoint, 4 genes (e.g., A4GALT, EFS, NPTXR, ABCA3) that-as far as we know-have yet to be associated with PTOA were identified as being concordantly differentially expressed across all treatment groups when compared to controls. Functional pathway analysis of injured subject cartilage compared to control cartilage revealed overarching patterns of cellular proliferation at 1 week, angiogenesis, ECM interaction, focal adhesion, and cellular migration at 4 weeks, and calcium signaling, immune system activation, GABA signaling, and HIF-1 signaling at 52 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah I. Donnenfield
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Naga Padmini Karamchedu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Benedikt L. Proffen
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Janine Molino
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Braden C. Fleming
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Martha M. Murray
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Aleem AW, Rai MF, Cai L, Brophy RH. Gene Expression in Glenoid Articular Cartilage Varies Across Acute Instability, Chronic Instability, and Osteoarthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2023:00004623-990000000-00776. [PMID: 37011069 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoulder instability is a common pathology associated with an elevated risk of osteoarthritis (OA). Little is known about gene expression in the cartilage of the glenohumeral joint after dislocation events, particularly as it relates to the risk of posttraumatic OA. This study tested the hypothesis that gene expression in glenoid cartilage varies among acute instability (<3 dislocations), chronic instability (≥3 dislocations), and OA. METHODS Articular cartilage was collected from the anteroinferior glenoid of consenting patients undergoing shoulder stabilization surgery (n = 17) or total shoulder arthroplasty (n = 16). Digital quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the relative expression of 57 genes (36 genes from OA risk allele studies, 21 genes from differential expression studies), comparing (1) OA versus instability (acute and chronic combined), (2) acute versus chronic instability, (3) OA versus acute instability, and (4) OA versus chronic instability. RESULTS The expression of 11 genes from OA risk allele studies and 9 genes from differential expression studies was significantly different between cartilage from patients with instability and those with OA. Pro-inflammatory genes from differential expression studies and genes from OA risk allele studies were more highly expressed in cartilage in the OA group compared with the instability group, which expressed higher levels of extracellular matrix and pro-anabolic genes. The expression of 14 genes from OA risk allele studies and 4 genes from differential expression studies, including pro-inflammatory genes, anti-anabolic genes, and multiple genes from OA risk allele studies, was higher in the acute instability group compared with the chronic instability group. Cartilage in the OA group displayed higher expression of CCL3, CHST11, GPR22, PRKAR2B, and PTGS2 than cartilage in the group with acute or chronic instability. Whereas cartilage in both the acute and chronic instability groups had higher expression of collagen genes, cartilage in the OA group had expression of a subset of genes from OA risk allele studies or from differential expression studies that was lower than in the acute group and higher than in the chronic group. CONCLUSIONS Glenoid cartilage has an inflammatory and catabolic phenotype in shoulders with OA but an anabolic phenotype in shoulders with instability. Cartilage from shoulders with acute instability displayed greater (cellular) metabolic activity compared with shoulders with chronic instability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This exploratory study identified genes of interest, such as CCL3, CHST11, GPR22, PRKAR2B, and PTGS2, that have elevated expression in osteoarthritic glenoid cartilage. These findings provide new biological insight into the relationship between shoulder instability and OA, which could lead to strategies to predict and potentially modify patients' risk of degenerative arthritis due to shoulder instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Aleem
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Jacobs CA, Keller LE, Zhang S, Fu Q, Hunt ER, Stone AV, Conley CEW, Lattermann C, Fortier LA. Periostin regulation and cartilage degradation early after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:387-394. [PMID: 36562795 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The purpose of this study was to explore pathological processes during the first 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). SUBJECTS Sixteen ACL-injured patients (8 females/8 males, mean age = 19.1, mean BMI = 28.6). METHODS Arthrocentesis was performed 1 and 4 weeks after ACLR. Proteins in the synovial fluid were identified using nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS. Differentially up- or down-regulated proteins were identified and quantified, and a pathway analysis was performed. All identified proteins were mapped into a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and networks of PPIs with a combined score > 0.9 were then visualized. RESULTS Seven pathways were upregulated after ACLR: PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, protein digestion and absorption, ameobiasis, and platelet activation. Network analyses identified 8 proteins that were differentially upregulated with strong PPI interactions (periostin and 7 collagen-related proteins). Increases in periostin moderately correlated with increases in a synovial fluid biomarker of type II cartilage degradation (ρ = 0.51, p = 0.06). CONCLUSION Pro-inflammatory pathways and periostin were upregulated after ACLR. Periostin demonstrated strong network connections with markers of collagen breakdown, and future work is needed to determine whether periostin may offer a biomarker of early cartilage degradation after ACLR and/or play an active role in early post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cale A Jacobs
- University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone, Suite K401, Lexington, KY, 40536-0284, USA.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, MA, Boston, USA.
- Massachusetts General Brigham Sports Medicine, 20 Patriot Pl, 3rd floor, 02035, Foxborough, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Qin Fu
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Austin V Stone
- University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone, Suite K401, Lexington, KY, 40536-0284, USA
| | - Caitlin E W Conley
- University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone, Suite K401, Lexington, KY, 40536-0284, USA
| | - Christian Lattermann
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, MA, Boston, USA
- Massachusetts General Brigham Sports Medicine, 20 Patriot Pl, 3rd floor, 02035, Foxborough, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Tan Q, Yang Z, Xin X, Yang B, Xing Z, Li F, Zhang K, Tian Y, Zhu T. Serum periostin level is not sufficient to serve as a clinically applicable biomarker of osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1039. [PMID: 36451121 PMCID: PMC9714069 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-06017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging knowledge has highlighted the role of periostin (POSTN) in osteoarthritis (OA) process; however, whether POSTN is suitable as a biomarker of OA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential value of POSTN as a biomarker of OA. METHODS Ten 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. Five rats underwent ovariectomy (OVX) operation and the others were carried out sham operation. Thirty-two patients with OA and eighteen patients who had meniscus injuries or ligament injuries but with intact articular cartilages were recruited in this study from January to July 2019 at the Peking University International Hospital. We first detected the expression of POSTN in the cartilage of OVX induced OA rats and different compartments of the knee joint in patients with OA using immunohistochemistry. Besides, serum POSTN levels in patients with or without OA were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The associations among serum POSTN levels, clinical symptoms, and radiological severity were assessed according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading, respectively. Finally, multivariable cumulative link models were established to evaluate the validity of serum POSTN level as a predictor of knee OA. RESULTS The significantly higher POSTN expression was found in OVX-OA rats than Sham rats, while, the expression of POSTN was significantly higher in the torn cartilage of patients with OA. However, the serum POSTN level did not differ significantly between patients with and without OA. Additionally, we found no remarkable associations between serum POSTN level and WOMAC scores and KL grading. Subsequent analysis revealed that serum POSTN was not a significant predictor of OA. CONCLUSION Thus, although POSTN may be involved OA process and local POSTN is valuable in disease diagnosis and distinguishing of the severity of disease, its serum level is not sufficient to serve as a candidate biomarker of OA given the current analysis technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhao Tan
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 P.R. China ,grid.477019.cDepartment of Orthopaedics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, 255000 P.R. China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XEngineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Yang
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 P.R. China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XEngineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xing Xin
- grid.449412.eDepartment of Orthopaedics, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206 P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- grid.449412.eDepartment of Orthopaedics, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206 P.R. China
| | - Zhili Xing
- grid.449412.eDepartment of Orthopaedics, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206 P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 P.R. China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XEngineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 P.R. China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XEngineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China ,grid.449412.eDepartment of Orthopaedics, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206 P.R. China
| | - Yun Tian
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 P.R. China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XEngineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tengjiao Zhu
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191 P.R. China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XEngineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China ,grid.449412.eDepartment of Orthopaedics, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206 P.R. China
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12
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Wu J, Chen Y, Liao Z, Liu H, Zhang S, Zhong D, Qiu X, Chen T, Su D, Ke X, Wan Y, Zhou T, Su P. Self-amplifying loop of NF-κB and periostin initiated by PIEZO1 accelerates mechano-induced senescence of nucleus pulposus cells and intervertebral disc degeneration. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3241-3256. [PMID: 35619555 PMCID: PMC9552911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mechanical load is a main risk factor of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), and cellular senescence is a pathological change in IDD. In addition, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness promotes human nucleus pulposus cells (hNPCs) senescence. However, the molecular mechanism underlying mechano-induced cellular senescence and IDD progression is not yet fully elucidated. First, we demonstrated that mechano-stress promoted hNPCs senescence via NF-κB signaling. Subsequently, we identified periostin as the main mechano-responsive molecule in hNPCs through unbiased sequencing, which was transcriptionally upregulated by NF-κB p65; moreover, secreted periostin by senescent hNPCs further promoted senescence and upregulated the catabolic process in hNPCs through activating NF-κB, forming a positive loop. Both Postn (encoding periostin) knockdown via siRNA and periostin inactivation via neutralizing antibodies alleviated IDD and NPCs senescence. Furthermore, we found that mechano-stress initiated the positive feedback of NF-κB and periostin via PIEZO1. PIEZO1 activation by Yoda1 induced severe IDD in rat tails without compression, and Postn knockdown alleviated the Yoda1-induced IDD in vivo. Here, we reported for the first time that self-amplifying loop of NF-κB and periostin initiated via PIEZO1 under mechano-stress accelerated NPCs senescence, leading to IDD. Furthermore, periostin neutralizing antibodies, which may serve as potential therapeutic agents for IDD, interrupted this loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhiheng Liao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hengyu Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dongmei Zhong
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xianjian Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Taiqiu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Deying Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics and State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaona Ke
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Taifeng Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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13
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Towards Precision Medicine for Osteoarthritis: Focus on the Synovial Fluid Proteome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179731. [PMID: 36077129 PMCID: PMC9455979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint degenerative disease that most affects old age. The study of proteomics in synovial fluid (SF) has the task of providing additional elements to diagnose and predict the progress of OA. This review aims to identify the most significant biomarkers in the study of OA and to stimulate their routine use. Some of the major components of the ECM, such as proteoglycan aggrecan and decorin, were found considerably reduced in OA. Some biomarkers have proved useful for staging the temporality of OA: Periostin was found to be increased in early OA, while CRTA1 and MMPs were found to be increased in late OA. In its natural attempt at tissue regeneration, Collagen III was found to be increased in early OA while decreased in late OA. Some molecules studied in other areas, such as ZHX3 (oncological marker), LYVE1, and VEGF (lymph and angiogenesis markers), also have been found to be altered in OA. It also has been recorded that alteration of the hormonal pathway, using a dosage of PPAR-γ and RETN, can influence the evolution of OA. IL-1, one of the most investigated biomarkers in OA-SF, is not as reliable as a target of OA in recent studies. The study of biomarkers in SF appears to be, in combination with the clinical and radiological aspects, an additional weapon to address the diagnosis and staging of OA. Therefore, it can guide us more appropriately towards the indication of arthroplasty in patients with OA.
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14
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Nakamura Y, Saitou M, Komura S, Matsumoto K, Ogawa H, Miyagawa T, Saitou T, Imamura T, Imai Y, Takayanagi H, Akiyama H. Reduced dynamic loads due to hip dislocation induce acetabular cartilage degeneration by IL-6 and MMP3 via the STAT3/periostin/NF-κB axis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12207. [PMID: 35842459 PMCID: PMC9288549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is characterized by anatomical abnormalities of the hip joint, ranging from mild acetabular dysplasia to hip subluxation and eventually dislocation. The mechanism underlying the cartilage degeneration of the hip joints exposed to reduced dynamic loads due to hip dislocation remains unknown. We established a rodent hip dislocation (disarticulation; DA) model of DDH (DA-DDH rats and mice) by swaddling. Expression levels of periostin (Postn) and catabolic factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (Mmp3), increased and those of chondrogenic markers decreased in the acetabular cartilage of the DA-DDH models. Postn induced IL-6 and Mmp3 expression in chondrocytes through integrin αVβ3, focal adhesion kinase, Src, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. The microgravity environment created by a random positioning machine induced Postn expression in chondrocytes through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. IL-6 stimulated Postn expression via STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, cartilage degeneration was suppressed in the acetabulum of Postn−/− DA-DDH mice compared with that in the acetabulum of wild type DA-DDH mice. In summary, reduced dynamic loads due to hip dislocation induced acetabular cartilage degeneration via IL-6 and MMP3 through STAT3/periostin/NF-κB signaling in the rodent DA-DDH models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saitou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shingo Komura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kazu Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ogawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takaki Miyagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takashi Saitou
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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15
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Zhu D, Wang Z, Zhang G, Ma C, Qiu X, Wang Y, Liu M, Guo X, Chen H, Deng Q, Kang X. Periostin promotes nucleus pulposus cells apoptosis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22369. [PMID: 35747912 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200123r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is closely linked to degenerative spinal disease, resulting in disability, poor quality of life, and financial burden. Apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells (NPCs) is a key pathological basis of IVDD. Periostin (POSTN), an extracellular matrix protein, is expressed in many tissues, whereas its abnormal expression is associated with IVDD. The conventional Wnt/β-catenin pathway is also involved in IVDD and contributes to NPCs apoptosis. However, research on the mechanisms of POSTN in IVDD is lacking. This study investigated the relationship between POSTN and β-catenin expression in degenerated IVDs. We detected the expression of POSTN, β-catenin, and cleaved-caspase-3 (C-caspase3) in degenerated and non-degenerated IVD tissues of different grades (n = 8) using RT-qPCR, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting analysis. Next, we explored the effects of recombinant periostin (rPOSTN) and isoquercitrin (Iso), an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, on NPCs apoptosis. Finally, we inhibited the expression of POSTN in degenerated NPCs in vivo and investigated the anti-apoptotic effect. The expression of β-catenin, POSTN, and C-caspase3 in severe degenerative IVDs was significantly higher than that in mild degenerative IVDs. These findings were confirmed in rat and cell-based degenerative models. When treated with rPOSTN, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity and cell apoptosis were time- and dose-dependent. However, rPOSTN-induced NPCs apoptosis decreased after iso-induced inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. POSTN inhibition reduced apoptosis but was restored by rPOSTN re-addition. Lastly, POSTN inhibition ameliorated puncture-induced IVDD in vivo. Overall, our study demonstrated that POSTN promotes NPCs apoptosis and aggravates degeneration by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxue Zhu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Zhaoheng Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Congwen Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Qiu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yidian Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Mingqiang Liu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Haiwei Chen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Gansu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
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16
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Kawata M, Teramura T, Ordoukhanian P, Head SR, Natarajan P, Sundaresan A, Olmer M, Asahara H, Lotz MK. Krüppel-like factor-4 and Krüppel-like factor-2 are important regulators of joint tissue cells and protect against tissue destruction and inflammation in osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:annrheumdis-2021-221867. [PMID: 35534137 PMCID: PMC9643672 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Analysing expression patterns of Krüppel-like factor (KLF) transcription factors in normal and osteoarthritis (OA) human cartilage, and determining functions and mechanisms of KLF4 and KLF2 in joint homoeostasis and OA pathogenesis. METHODS Experimental approaches included human joint tissues cells, transgenic mice and mouse OA model with viral KLF4 gene delivery to demonstrate therapeutic benefit in structure and pain improvement. Mechanistic studies applied global gene expression analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). RESULTS Several KLF genes were significantly decreased in OA cartilage. Among them, KLF4 and KLF2 were strong inducers of cartilage collagen genes and Proteoglycan-4. Cartilage-specific deletion of Klf2 in mature mice aggravated severity of experimental OA. Transduction of human chondrocytes with Adenovirus (Ad) expressing KLF4 or KLF2 enhanced expression of major cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) genes and SRY-box transcription factor-9, and suppressed mediators of inflammation and ECM-degrading enzymes. Ad-KLF4 and Ad-KLF2 enhanced similar protective functions in meniscus cells and synoviocytes, and promoted chondrocytic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Viral KLF4 delivery into mouse knees reduced severity of OA-associated changes in cartilage, meniscus and synovium, and improved pain behaviours. ChIP-seq analysis suggested that KLF4 directly bound cartilage signature genes. Ras-related protein-1 signalling was the most enriched pathway in KLF4-transduced cells, and its signalling axis was involved in upregulating cartilage ECM genes by KLF4 and KLF2. CONCLUSIONS KLF4 and KLF2 may be central transcription factors that increase protective and regenerative functions in joint tissue cells, suggesting that KLF gene transfer or molecules upregulating KLFs are therapeutic candidates for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kawata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Takeshi Teramura
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Philip Ordoukhanian
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven R Head
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Padmaja Natarajan
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aishwarya Sundaresan
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
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17
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Zhou F, Ebea P, Mutai E, Wang H, Sukreet S, Navazesh S, Dogan H, Li W, Cui J, Ji P, Ramirez DMO, Zempleni J. Small Extracellular Vesicles in Milk Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier in Murine Cerebral Cortex Endothelial Cells and Promote Dendritic Complexity in the Hippocampus and Brain Function in C57BL/6J Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:838543. [PMID: 35600828 PMCID: PMC9121399 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains large amounts of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and their microRNA cargos, whereas infant formulas contain only trace amounts of sEVs and microRNAs. We assessed the transport of sEVs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and sEV accumulation in distinct regions of the brain in brain endothelial cells and suckling mice. We further assessed sEV-dependent gene expression profiles and effects on the dendritic complexity of hippocampal granule cells and phenotypes of EV depletion in neonate, juvenile and adult mice. The transfer of sEVs across the BBB was assessed by using fluorophore-labeled bovine sEVs in brain endothelial bEnd.3 monolayers and dual chamber systems, and in wild-type newborn pups fostered to sEV and cargo tracking (ECT) dams that express sEVs labeled with a CD63-eGFP fusion protein for subsequent analysis by serial two-photon tomography and staining with anti-eGFP antibodies. Effects of EVs on gene expression and dendritic architecture of granule cells was analyzed in hippocampi from juvenile mice fed sEV and RNA-depleted (ERD) and sEV and RNA-sufficient (ERS) diets by using RNA-sequencing analysis and Golgi-Cox staining followed by integrated neuronal tracing and morphological analysis of neuronal dendrites, respectively. Spatial learning and severity of kainic acid-induced seizures were assessed in mice fed ERD and ERS diets. bEnd.3 cells internalized sEVs by using a saturable transport mechanism and secreted miR-34a across the basal membrane. sEVs penetrated the entire brain in fostering experiments; major regions of accumulation included the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum. Two hundred ninety-five genes were differentially expressed in hippocampi from mice fed ERD and ERS diets; high-confidence gene networks included pathways implicated in axon guidance and calcium signaling. Juvenile pups fed the ERD diet had reduced dendritic complexity of dentate granule cells in the hippocampus, scored nine-fold lower in the Barnes maze test of spatial learning and memory, and the severity of seizures was 5-fold higher following kainic acid administration in adult mice fed the ERD diet compared to mice fed the ERS diet. We conclude that sEVs cross the BBB and contribute toward optimal neuronal development, spatial learning and memory, and resistance to kainic acid-induced seizures in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Pearl Ebea
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Ezra Mutai
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Sonal Sukreet
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Shya Navazesh
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Haluk Dogan
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Juan Cui
- School of Computing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Denise M. O. Ramirez
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Sunkar S, Namratha K, Neeharika D. Identification of hub genes associated with human osteoarthritis cartilage: An in silico approach. Meta Gene 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2022.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Understanding the properties of bone is of both fundamental and clinical relevance. The basis of bone’s quality and mechanical resilience lies in its nanoscale building blocks (i.e., mineral, collagen, non-collagenous proteins, and water) and their complex interactions across length scales. Although the structure–mechanical property relationship in healthy bone tissue is relatively well characterized, not much is known about the molecular-level origin of impaired mechanics and higher fracture risks in skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis or Paget’s disease. Alterations in the ultrastructure, chemistry, and nano-/micromechanics of bone tissue in such a diverse group of diseased states have only been briefly explored. Recent research is uncovering the effects of several non-collagenous bone matrix proteins, whose deficiencies or mutations are, to some extent, implicated in bone diseases, on bone matrix quality and mechanics. Herein, we review existing studies on ultrastructural imaging—with a focus on electron microscopy—and chemical, mechanical analysis of pathological bone tissues. The nanometric details offered by these reports, from studying knockout mice models to characterizing exact disease phenotypes, can provide key insights into various bone pathologies and facilitate the development of new treatments.
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20
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Ribitsch I, Bileck A, Egerbacher M, Gabner S, Mayer RL, Janker L, Gerner C, Jenner F. Fetal Immunomodulatory Environment Following Cartilage Injury-The Key to CARTILAGE Regeneration? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312969. [PMID: 34884768 PMCID: PMC8657887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal cartilage fully regenerates following injury, while in adult mammals cartilage injury leads to osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, in this study, we compared the in vivo injury response of fetal and adult ovine articular cartilage histologically and proteomically to identify key factors of fetal regeneration. In addition, we compared the secretome of fetal ovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro with injured fetal cartilage to identify potential MSC-derived therapeutic factors. Cartilage injury caused massive cellular changes in the synovial membrane, with macrophages dominating the fetal, and neutrophils the adult, synovial cellular infiltrate. Correspondingly, proteomics revealed differential regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and growth-factors between adult and fetal joints. Neutrophil-related proteins and acute phase proteins were the two major upregulated protein groups in adult compared to fetal cartilage following injury. In contrast, several immunomodulating proteins and growth factors were expressed significantly higher in the fetus than the adult. Comparison of the in vitro MSCs proteome with the in vivo fetal regenerative signature revealed shared upregulation of 17 proteins, suggesting their therapeutic potential. Biomimicry of the fetal paracrine signature to reprogram macrophages and modulate inflammation could be an important future research direction for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ribitsch
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (R.L.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Administrative Unit Veterinary Medicine, UMIT—Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology GmbH, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria;
| | - Simone Gabner
- Histology & Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rupert L. Mayer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (R.L.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (R.L.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (R.L.M.); (L.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (F.J.)
| | - Florien Jenner
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (F.J.)
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21
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Vitamin K-Dependent Proteins in Skeletal Development and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179328. [PMID: 34502245 PMCID: PMC8430550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K and Vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are best known for their pivotal role in blood coagulation. Of the 14 VKPDs identified in humans to date, 6 play also important roles in skeletal biology and disease. Thus, osteocalcin, also termed bone Gla-protein, is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in bone. Matrix Gla protein and Ucma/GRP on the other hand are highly abundant in cartilage. Furthermore, periostin, protein S, and growth arrest specific 6 protein (GAS 6) are expressed in skeletal tissues. The roles for these VKDPs are diverse but include the control of calcification and turnover of bone and cartilage. Vitamin K plays an important role in osteoporosis and serum osteocalcin levels are recognized as a promising marker for osteoporosis. On the other hand, matrix Gla protein and Ucma/GRP are associated with osteoarthritis. This review focuses on the roles of these three VKDPs, osteocalcin, matrix Gla protein and Ucma/GRP, in skeletal development and disease but will also summarize the roles the other skeletal VKDPs (periostin, protein S and GAS6) in skeletal biology.
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22
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Giardullo L, Altomare A, Rotondo C, Corrado A, Cantatore FP. Osteoblast Dysfunction in Non-Hereditary Sclerosing Bone Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157980. [PMID: 34360745 PMCID: PMC8348499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A review of the available literature was performed in order to summarize the existing evidence between osteoblast dysfunction and clinical features in non-hereditary sclerosing bone diseases. It has been known that proliferation and migration of osteoblasts are concerted by soluble factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) but also by signal transduction cascades such as Wnt signaling pathway. Protein kinases play also a leading role in triggering the activation of osteoblasts in this group of diseases. Post-zygotic changes in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) have been shown to be associated with sporadic cases of Melorheostosis. Serum levels of FGF and PDGF have been shown to be increased in myelofibrosis, although studies focusing on Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor was shown to be strongly expressed in Paget disease of the bone, which may partially explain the osteoblastic hyperactivity during this condition. Pathophysiological mechanisms of osteoblasts in osteoblastic metastases have been studied much more thoroughly than in rare sclerosing syndromes: striking cellular mechanisms such as osteomimicry or complex intercellular signaling alterations have been described. Further research is needed to describe pathological mechanisms by which rare sclerosing non hereditary diseases lead to osteoblast dysfunction.
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23
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Duan X, Cai L, Pham CTN, Abu-Amer Y, Pan H, Brophy RH, Wickline SA, Rai MF. Intra-articular silencing of periostin via nanoparticle-based siRNA ameliorates post-traumatic osteoarthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:2249-2260. [PMID: 33982891 DOI: 10.1002/art.41794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence delineates an emerging role of Periostin (Postn) in osteoarthritis (OA) as its expression subsequent to knee injury is detrimental to the articular cartilage. We hypothesize that intra-articular knockdown of Postn in a murine model of post-traumatic OA would ameliorate OA. METHODS Post-traumatic OA was induced in 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n=24) by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) and analyzed 8-week post-surgery. Intra-articular Postn was inhibited by siRNA using a novel peptide-nucleotide polyplex. Cartilage degeneration (OARSI score) and synovitis were assessed histologically. Bone changes were measured by μCT. The effect and mechanism of Postn silencing were investigated in human chondrocytes treated with IL-1β with or without IKK2 inhibitor, SC-514. RESULTS Peptide-siRNA nanoplatform significantly abolished Postn expression. OARSI score was significantly less in mice receiving Postn siRNA (10.94±0.66) compared to both untreated (22.38±1.30,P=0.002) and scrambled siRNA (22.69±0.87,P=0.002) treatment. No differences were observed in synovitis. Subchondral bone sclerosis, BV/TV, vBMD, and heterotopic ossification were significantly low in Postn siRNA treatment. Immunostaining of cartilage revealed that Postn knockdown reduced the DMM-induced MMP-13 intensity, phosphorylation of p65, and immunoreactivity of aggrecan neoepitope, DIPEN. Postn knockdown also suppressed IL-1β-induced MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4 in chondrocytes. Mechanistically, Postn-induced MMP-13 was abrogated by SC-514 demonstrating a link between Postn and NF-κB. CONCLUSION Intra-articular delivery of Postn siRNA nanocomplex represents a promising clinical approach to mitigate the severity of joint degeneration and provides an unequivocal scientific rationale for longitudinal studies. Employing a cartilage-specific gene knockout strategy will further illuminate the functional role of Postn in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christine T N Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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