1
|
Iacomino N, Tarasco MC, Berni A, Ronchi J, Mantegazza R, Cavalcante P, Foti M. Non-Coding RNAs in Myasthenia Gravis: From Immune Regulation to Personalized Medicine. Cells 2024; 13:1550. [PMID: 39329732 PMCID: PMC11430632 DOI: 10.3390/cells13181550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disorder characterized by altered neuromuscular transmission, which causes weakness and fatigability in the skeletal muscles. The etiology of MG is complex, being associated with multiple genetic and environmental factors. Over recent years, progress has been made in understanding the immunological alterations implicated in the disease, but the exact pathogenesis still needs to be elucidated. A pathogenic interplay between innate immunity and autoimmunity contributes to the intra-thymic MG development. Epigenetic changes are critically involved in both innate and adaptive immune response regulation. They can act as (i) pathological factors besides genetic predisposition and (ii) co-factors contributing to disease phenotypes or patient-specific disease course/outcomes. This article reviews the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as epigenetic factors implicated in MG. Particular attention is dedicated to microRNAs (miRNAs), whose expression is altered in MG patients' thymuses and circulating blood. The long ncRNA (lncRNA) contribution to MG, although not fully characterized yet, is also discussed. By summarizing the most recent and fast-growing findings on ncRNAs in MG, we highlight the therapeutic potential of these molecules for achieving immune regulation and their value as biomarkers for the development of personalized medicine approaches to improve disease care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Iacomino
- Neurology 4-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscolar Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Tarasco
- Neurology 4-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscolar Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alessia Berni
- Neurology 4-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscolar Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ronchi
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- BicOMICs, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neurology 4-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscolar Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Cavalcante
- Neurology 4-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscolar Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Foti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- BicOMICs, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Yuan S, Zeng Y, Li W, Ye J, Li F, He Z, Chen Y, Lin X, Liang L, Xu H, Cai X. A novel long noncoding RNA ENST00000597482 serves as a potential biomarker for disease activity and diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2024; 33:1089-1099. [PMID: 39037598 DOI: 10.1177/09612033241266988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) however, the contribution of lncRNAs to SLE remains largely unclear. Our study aimed to explore the lncRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients. METHODS LncRNA sequencing was used to detect differentially expressed genes in PBMCs from 5 SLE-MIX samples and 3 healthy controls (HC)-MIX samples, and the expression of selected lncRNAs was further verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR). The correlation of lncRNA expression with laboratory indicators as well the SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI‒2K) score from 72 SLE patients was assessed by Spearman's test. The association between lncRNA ENST00000597482 and organ involvement in SLE patients was determined by the Mann‒Whitney U test. Moreover, lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood from SLE patients were measured by flow cytometry. In addition, the diagnostic value of lncRNAs in predicting SLE was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The lncRNA expression profiles demonstrated 218 differentially expressed lncRNAs, including 121 upregulated genes and 97 downregulated genes, in PBMCs from SLE patients compared to HCs. Among the 10 candidate genes selected, only lncRNA ENST00000597482, which was lower in SLE PBMCs than in HCs, was consistent with the sequencing results. LncRNA ENST00000597482 expression was negatively correlated with SLEDAI-2K score and the titres of ANA antibodies and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies. Of note, SLE patients with lower expression of lncRNA ENST00000597482 were prone to develop organ involvement. Furthermore, lncRNA ENST00000597482 exhibited potential diagnostic value in differentiating SLE patients from HCs. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA ENST00000597482 expression was lower in PBMCs from SLE patients than HCs and was negatively correlated with the SLEDAI-2K score and autoantibody titres. In addition, lncRNA ENST00000597482 could act as a novel biomarker for disease activity and diagnosis of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwen Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weinian Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang He
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuqin Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li L, Li D, Jin J, Xu F, He N, Ren Y, Wang X, Tian L, Chen B, Li X, Chen Z, Zhang L, Qiao L, Wang L, Wang J. FOSL1-mediated LINC01566 negatively regulates CD4 + T-cell activation in myasthenia gravis. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:197. [PMID: 39113081 PMCID: PMC11308467 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pathogenic antibodies that target structures of the neuromuscular junction. The evidence suggests that the regulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that is mediated by transcription factors (TFs) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of MG. Nevertheless, the detailed molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in MG remain largely undetermined. METHODS Using microarray analysis, we analyzed the lncRNA levels in MG. By bioinformatics analysis, LINC01566 was found to potentially play an important role in MG. First, qRT‒PCR was performed to verify the LINC1566 expressions in MG patients. Then, fluorescence in situ hybridization was conducted to determine the localization of LINC01566 in CD4 + T cells. Finally, the impact of LINC01566 knockdown or overexpression on CD4 + T-cell function was also analyzed using flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the binding of the TF FOSL1 to the LINC01566 promoter. RESULTS Based on the lncRNA microarray and differential expression analyses, we identified 563 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 450 DE mRNAs and 19 DE TFs in MG. We then constructed a lncRNA-TF-mRNA network. Through network analysis, we found that LINC01566 may play a crucial role in MG by regulating T-cell-related pathways. Further experiments indicated that LINC01566 is expressed at low levels in MG patients. Functionally, LINC01566 is primarily distributed in the nucleus and can facilitate CD4 + T-cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation. Mechanistically, we hypothesized that LINC01566 may negatively regulate the expressions of DUSP3, CCR2, FADD, SIRPB1, LGALS3 and SIRPB1, which are involved in the T-cell activation pathway, to further influence the cellular proliferation and apoptosis in MG. Moreover, we found that the effect of LINC01566 on CD4 + T cells in MG was mediated by the TF FOSL1, and in vitro experiments indicated that FOSL1 can bind to the promoter region of LINC01566. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our research revealed the protective roles of LINC01566 in clinical samples and cellular experiments, illustrating the potential roles and mechanism by which FOSL1/LINC01566 negatively regulates CD4 + T-cell activation in MG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jingnan Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fanfan Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ni He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingjie Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Liting Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Biying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zihong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lukuan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khalilollah S, Kalantari Soltanieh S, Obaid Saleh R, Ali Alzahrani A, Ghaleb Maabreh H, Mazin Al-Hamdani M, Dehghani-Ghorbi M, Shafiei Khonachaei M, Akhavan-Sigari R. LncRNAs involvement in pathogenesis of immune-related disease via regulation of T regulatory cells, an updated review. Cytokine 2024; 179:156585. [PMID: 38579428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of several illnesses, including cancer and autoimmune diseasesdepends on human regulatory T cells (Tregs), and abnormalities in these cells may function as triggers for these conditions. Cancer and autoimmune, and gynecological diseases are associated with the differentiation of the proinflammatory T cell subset TH17 and its balance with the production of Treg. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become important regulatory molecules in a wide range of illnesses. During epigenetic regulation, they can control the expression of important genes at several levels by affecting transcription, post-transcriptional actions, translation, and protein modification. They might connect with different molecules, such as proteins, DNA and RNA, and their structural composition is intricate. Because lncRNAs regulatebiological processes, including cell division, death, and growth, they are linked to severaldiseases. A notable instance of this is the lncRNA NEAT1, which has been the subject of several investigations to ascertain its function in immune cell development. In the context of immune cell development, several additional lncRNAs have been connected to Treg cell differentiation. In this work, we summarize current findings about the diverse functions of lncRNAs in Treg cell differentiation and control of the Th17/Treg homeostasis in autoimmune disorders, cancers, as well as several gynecological diseases where Tregs are key players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Khalilollah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Al-Anbar, Iraq.
| | | | - Hatem Ghaleb Maabreh
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Foreign Languages, RUDN University (Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba), Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Mahmoud Dehghani-Ghorbi
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Imam Hossein Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian R, Ghosh S. Mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs linked to autoimmune disease risk alleles. Adv Immunol 2024; 161:1-15. [PMID: 38763698 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in human genomics technologies have helped uncover genetic risk alleles for many complex autoimmune diseases. Intriguingly, over 90% of genome-wide association study (GWAS) risk alleles reside within the non-coding regions of the genome. An emerging new frontier of functional and mechanistic studies have shed light on the functional relevance of risk alleles that lie within long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Here, we review the mechanisms and functional implications of five evolutionarily conserved lncRNAs that display risk allele association with highly prevalent autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxiao Tian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mehmandar-Oskuie A, Jahankhani K, Rostamlou A, Mardafkan N, Karamali N, Razavi ZS, Mardi A. Molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in pathogenesis and diagnosis of auto-immune diseases, with a special focus on lncRNA-based therapeutic approaches. Life Sci 2024; 336:122322. [PMID: 38042283 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a diverse set of conditions defined by organ damage due to abnormal innate and acquired immune system responses. The pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders is exceedingly intricate and has yet to be fully understood. The study of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), non-protein-coding RNAs with at least 200 nucleotides in length, has gained significant attention due to the completion of the human genome project and the advancement of high-throughput genomic approaches. Recent research has demonstrated how lncRNA alters disease development to different degrees. Although lncRNA research has made significant progress in cancer and generative disorders, autoimmune illnesses are a relatively new research area. Moreover, lncRNAs play crucial functions in differentiating various immune cells, and their potential relationships with autoimmune diseases have received growing attention. Because of the importance of Th17/Treg axis in auto-immune disease development, in this review, we discuss various molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate the differentiation of Th17/Treg cells. Also, we reviewed recent findings regarding the several approaches in the application of lncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of human autoimmune diseases, as well as current challenges in lncRNA-based therapeutic approaches to auto-immune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Mehmandar-Oskuie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Jahankhani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Rostamlou
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of EGE, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nasibeh Mardafkan
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Karamali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Razavi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tsai YG, Liao PF, Hsiao KH, Wu HM, Lin CY, Yang KD. Pathogenesis and novel therapeutics of regulatory T cell subsets and interleukin-2 therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1230264. [PMID: 37771588 PMCID: PMC10522836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous multisystem inflammatory disease with wide variability in clinical manifestations. Natural arising CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in maintaining peripheral tolerance by suppressing inflammation and preventing autoimmune responses in SLE. Additionally, CD8+ regulatory T cells, type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1), and B regulatory cells also have a less well-defined role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Elucidation of the roles of various Treg subsets dedicated to immune homeostasis will provide a novel therapeutic approach that governs immune tolerance for the remission of active lupus. Diminished interleukin (IL)-2 production is associated with a depleted Treg cell population, and its reversibility by IL-2 therapy provides important reasons for the treatment of lupus. This review focuses on the pathogenesis and new therapeutics of human Treg subsets and low-dose IL-2 therapy in clinical benefits with SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Giien Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children’s Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fen Liao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuang Lin
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children’s Hospital, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuender D. Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al-Hawary SIS, Kashikova K, Ioffe EM, Izbasarova A, Hjazi A, Tayyib NA, Alsalamy A, Hussien BM, Hameed M, Abdalkareem MJ. Pathological role of LncRNAs in immune-related disease via regulation of T regulatory cells. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154709. [PMID: 37586216 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Human regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential in pathogenesis of several diseases such as autoimmune diseases and cancers, and their imbalances may be promoting factor in these disorders. The development of the proinflammatory T cell subset TH17 and its balance with the generation of regulatory T cells (Treg) is linked to autoimmune disease and cancers. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as powerful regulatory molecules in a variety of diseases and can regulate the expression of significant genes at multiple levels through epigenetic regulation and by modulating transcription, post-transcriptional processes, translation, and protein modification. They may interact with a wide range of molecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, and have a complex structural makeup. LncRNAs are implicated in a range of illnesses due to their regulatory impact on a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. In this regard, a prominent example is lncRNA NEAT1 which several studies have performed to determine its role in the differentiation of immune cells. Many other lncRNAs have been linked to Treg cell differentiation in the context of immune cell differentiation. In this study, we review recent research on the various roles of lncRNAs in differentiation of Treg cell and regulation of the Th17/Treg balance in autoimmune diseases and tumors in which T regs play an important role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khadisha Kashikova
- Caspian University, International School of Medicine, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Elena M Ioffe
- Department of Military Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Defence, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla A Tayyib
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Mohamood Hameed
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakayamada S, Tanaka Y. Immune Phenotype as a Biomarker for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Biomolecules 2023; 13:960. [PMID: 37371540 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was revolutionized with the use of molecular-targeted drugs that target immunoregulatory molecules. The success of treatment with these drugs prompted the development of molecular-targeted drugs for systemic lupus erythematosus. However, systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease with high heterogeneous immune abnormalities, and diverse cells or molecules can be treatment targets. Thus, the identification of subpopulations based on immune abnormalities is essential for the development of effective treatment. One analytical method used to identify subpopulations is the immunophenotyping of peripheral blood samples of patients. This analysis evaluates the validity of target molecules for peripheral blood immune cell subsets, which are expected to be developed as biomarkers for precision medicine in which appropriate treatment targets are set for each subpopulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakayamada
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luaibi AR, Al-Saffar M, Jalil AT, Rasol MA, Fedorovich EV, Saleh MM, Ahmed OS. Long non-coding RNAs: The modulators of innate and adaptive immune cells. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154295. [PMID: 36608622 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Before very sensitive current genomics platforms were discovered, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as controllers of gene expression, were thought to be accumulated genetic garbage. The past few years have seen a lot of interest in a large classification of non-coding transcripts with an indeterminate length of more than 200 nucleotides [1]. lncRNAs' association with immunity and disease progression has been revealed by a growing body of experimental research. Only a limited subset of lncRNAs, however, has solid proof of their role. It is also clear that various immune cells express lncRNAs differently. In this review, we concentrated on the role of lncRNA expression in the regulation of immune cell function and response to pathological conditions in macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), T cells, and B cells. The innate and adaptive immune response systems may be significantly regulated by lncRNAs, according to emerging research. To discover possible therapeutic targets for the therapy of different diseases, it may be helpful to have a better realization of the molecular mechanisms beyond the role of lncRNAs in the immune response. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate lncRNA expression and comprehend its significance for the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Riyadh Luaibi
- Utbah bin Ghazwan High School for Girls, Al_Karkh first Directorate of Education, Ministry of Education, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Montaha Al-Saffar
- Community Health Department, Institute of Medical Technology /Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq.
| | - Mustafa Asaad Rasol
- College of Dentistry, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Eremin Vladimir Fedorovich
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Transfusiology and Medical, Biotechnologies, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Marwan Mahmood Saleh
- Department of Biophysics, College of Applied Sciences, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu L, Hu L, Long H, Zheng M, Hu Z, He Y, Gao X, Du P, Zhao H, Yu D, Lu Q, Zhao M. LncRNA IL21-AS1 interacts with hnRNPU protein to promote IL21 overexpression and aberrant differentiation of Tfh cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1117. [PMID: 36447054 PMCID: PMC9708910 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aberrant differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the mechanism of regulating Tfh cells differentiation remains unclear. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as important regulators in the processes of innate and adaptive immune response. Whether lncRNAs are involved in regulating Tfh cell differentiation and autoimmune responses need to be further identified. METHODS The characters and functions of human IL21-AS1 and its mouse homologous lncRNA (mIl21-AS) were investigated by a series of biochemical assays and cell transfection assay. mIl21-AS1 regulating humoral immune response in vivo was explored by keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) model. RESULTS Human IL21-AS1 and its mouse homologous lncRNA (mIl21-AS) were identified and cloned. We uncovered that IL21-AS1 was highly expressed in CD4+ T cells of SLE patients and Tfh cells, which promoted differentiation of Tfh cells. Mechanistically, IL21-AS1 bound heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U and recruited acetyltransferases CREB-binding protein to the promoter of IL21, leading to the transcriptional activation of IL21 and Tfh cells differentiation through increasing Histone H3 acetylation level on IL21 promoter. Moreover, Tfh proportion and antibodies production were significantly increased in mIl21-AS knock-in mice immunized with KLH. mIl21-AS1 overexpression also exacerbated the lupus-like phenotype in cGVHD mice model. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that IL21-AS1 activates IL21 transcription via epigenetic mechanism to promote germinal centre response, adding insight into the molecular regulation of autoimmune pathogenesis and providing a novel target for SLE treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Department of Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Longyuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Haojun Long
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ye He
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Du
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yamagata K, Nakayamada S, Zhang T, Nguyen AP, Ohkubo N, Iwata S, Kato S, Tanaka Y. IL-6 production through repression of UBASH3A gene via epigenetic dysregulation of super-enhancer in CD4 + T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:46. [PMID: 36324153 PMCID: PMC9632101 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with immune dysfunction. UBASH3A as a negative regulator of T cell receptors (TCRs) signaling is a susceptible factor in RA. The aim of this study was to determine the role of UBASH3A in RA pathogenesis, by assessing the role of super-enhancer (SE) in the control of UBASH3A expression in CD4+ T cells and the contribution of the latter in proinflammatory cytokine production in patients with RA. Methods UBASH3A mRNA and protein levels were quantified by PCR and western blotting, respectively. The cells were treated with a locked nucleic acid to inhibit enhancer RNA (eRNA) expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to identify the factors recruited to UBASH3A loci displaying SE architecture. CD4+ T cells were transfected with UBASH3A plasmids, and cytokine levels were measured by a cytometric bead array. Results UBASH3A was extracted as a RA susceptibility gene associated with SNPs in the SEs that are highly expressed in CD4+ T cells by in silico screening. UBASH3A mRNA and protein expression levels were lower in CD4+ T cells of RA patients than in the control. eRNA_1 and eRNA_3 knockdown reduced UBASH3A mRNA levels. RA patients exhibited accumulation of BTB and CNC homology 2 (BACH2), the silencing transcription factor, at the UBASH3A loci in CD4+ T cells, but not the SE-defining factor, mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1)/bromodomain 4 (BRD4). However, opposite changes were observed in the control. Stimulation of TCRs expressed on CD4+ T cells of RA patients resulted in interleukin (IL)-6 production, while UBASH3A over-expression significantly inhibited the production. Conclusions In RA, transcription of UBASH3A is suppressed via epigenetic regulation of SE in CD4+ T cells. Low UBASH3A levels result in excessive TCR signal activation with subsequent enhancement of IL-6 production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41232-022-00231-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yamagata
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Tong Zhang
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Anh Phuong Nguyen
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ohkubo
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Shigeru Iwata
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- grid.411789.20000 0004 0371 1051Graduate School of Life Science and Engineering, Iryo Sosei University, Iwaki, Fukushima, 970-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Comprehensive Analysis of lncRNA Expression Profile and the Potential Role of ENST00000604491 in Graves’ Disease. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8067464. [PMID: 35509980 PMCID: PMC9061081 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8067464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Graves’ disease (GD) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases worldwide and develops in 20 to 50 cases per 100,000 persons annually. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely expressed in multiple human diseases and have pivotal functions in gene regulation. This study is aimed at determining the lncRNA profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from GD patients and investigating the role of ENST00000604491 in GD. Methods. A total of 31 GD patients and 32 normal controls were enrolled in the study. Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify the dysregulated lncRNAs in the PBMCs from the 5 GD patients and 5 normal controls, and 26 GD patients and 27 controls were used to verify the selected lncRNAs. The relative expression of verified lncRNAs, forkhead box P1 (FOXP1), and IKAROS family zinc finger 3 (IKZF3) from these samples was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The potential biomarker value was assessed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results. A total of 37,683 dysregulated expressed lncRNAs were indicated, of which 5 lncRNAs were significantly upregulated and 83 lncRNAs were remarkably downregulated in the GD patients compared with healthy subjects. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses showed that abnormally expressed lncRNAs were mainly enriched in immune system-related signalling pathways. Among the selected lncRNAs, the relative expression of ENST00000604491 was significantly downregulated and negatively correlated with the serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAb) in GD patients. Further studies confirmed that decreased FOXP1 expression was inversely correlated with serum TRAb levels in GD patients. Moreover, there was a notably positive correlation between ENST00000604491 expression and FOXP1 transcript levels in GD. The area under the ROC curve of ENST00000604491 was up to 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.87,
), and the sensitivity and specificity were 53.85% and 88.89%, respectively. Conclusion. The present study identifies ENST00000604491 as a significantly attenuated lncRNA in GD patients, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of GD by regulating FOXP1 and represent a potential biomarker for GD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang Z, Zhu H, Wang P, Que W, Zhong L, Li X, Du F. Different subpopulations of regulatory T cells in human autoimmune disease, transplantation, and tumor immunity. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e137. [PMID: 35474948 PMCID: PMC9023873 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subpopulation of naturally CD4+ T cells that characteristically express transcription factor Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), play a pivotal role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and the prevention of autoimmunity. With the development of biological technology, the understanding of plasticity and stability of Tregs has been further developed. Recent studies have suggested that human Tregs are functionally and phenotypically diverse. The functions and mechanisms of different phenotypes of Tregs in different disease settings, such as tumor microenvironment, autoimmune diseases, and transplantation, have gradually become hot spots of immunology research that arouse extensive attention. Among the complex functions, CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs possess a potent immunosuppressive capacity and can produce various cytokines, such as IL‐2, IL‐10, and TGF‐β, to regulate immune homeostasis. They can alleviate the progression of diseases by resisting inflammatory immune responses, whereas promoting the poor prognosis of diseases by helping cells evade immune surveillance or suppressing effector T cells activity. Therefore, methods for targeting Tregs to regulate their functions in the immune microenvironment, such as depleting them to strengthen tumor immunity or expanding them to treat immunological diseases, need to be developed. Here, we discuss that different subpopulations of Tregs are essential for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies involving Tregs in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guizhou P. R. China
| | - Pusen Wang
- Department of General Surgery Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Weitao Que
- Department of General Surgery Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Kang Li
- Department of General Surgery Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
- Division of Transplantation Immunology National Research Institute for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan
| | - Futian Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Weifang People's Hospital Shandong P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guan X, Liu D, Xing Y, Guan X. Study on the Relationship between lncRNA Gene Polymorphism and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4446016. [PMID: 35265170 PMCID: PMC8898853 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4446016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage to multiple systems of the body. A number of studies have shown that long-chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can participate in the occurrence and development of a variety of autoimmune diseases. This study is aimed at detecting the expression levels of 5 lncRNAs in SLE patients and healthy controls and at exploring the relationship between expression levels and clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators. Methods The design type of this study is a case-control study. A total of 76 SLE patients and 71 healthy controls were included in the first phase of the study. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of 5 kinds of lncRNAs including lnc7514, lnc0640, lncagf, nc3643, and lnc5150 in PBMCs of two groups of patients; the expression of lncRNAs in the case group and the control group was analyzed. We analyzed the differences in the expression levels of lncRNAs between case and control groups, and explored the association of expression levels with clinical manifestations and laboratory characteristics. SPSS23.0 was used to analyze the expression level and gene polymorphism results; the statistical analysis test level α = 0.05. Results The expression level of lnc0640 in PBMCs of SLE patient group was higher than that of healthy control group (Z = -3.56, P = 0.03). However, lnc5150 was lower than in healthy controls (Z = -7.16, P < 0.001). lnc3643 expression levels were lower in SLE patients of SLE patients with pleurisy was lower than that of patients without pleurisy (Z = -2.44, P = 0.02). Low lnc3643 expression levels were observed in PBMCs with SLE patients with rash symptoms (Z = -2.75, P = 0.013). SLE expressed lower lnc3643 levels in PBMCs with SLE compared with those without pleurisy (Z = -2.42, P = 0.02). The above differences were statistically significant. Association analysis of lncRNA expression levels and clinical manifestations in SLE patients found that SLE was lower than those without rash or pleurisy (both P < 0.05); association analysis of lncRNA expression level and laboratory results found a negative correlation between lnc3643, lnc7514, and SLE disease activity score (SLEDAI-2K), blood sink (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions lnc0640 was overexpressed in PBMCs in SLE patients compared with healthy controls. lnc3643 was negatively correlated with SLEDAI, and expression levels were associated with SLE patients with arthritis, rash, and pleuritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Guan
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, China
| | - Yuling Xing
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), 266033, China
| | - Xiuru Guan
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|