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Abebe AD, Assefa M, Belete D, Ferede G. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses and Their Associated Factors Among Military Personnel at Military Camps in Central Gondar, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1407-1417. [PMID: 38628243 PMCID: PMC11019156 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s455562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, viral hepatitis is a leading cause of death and is highly prevalent in Ethiopia. Military personnel are more vulnerable to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, and there are no data on such populations in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections and their associated factors among military personnel in military camps in Central Gondar, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 277 military personnel from April to August 2022 at military camps in Central Gondar, Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Sociodemographic and other relevant data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Five milliliters of venous blood were collected using a vacutainer tube and tested for hepatitis B surface antigens and anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14 software and logistic regression models were used to determine the association between HBV/HCV infection and risk factors. Results Out of 277 participants, the overall seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections was 19 (6.9%) and 9 (3.3%), respectively. The rate of HBV and HCV co-infection was 2 (0.7%). Having multiple sexual partners (p = 0.048), frequent alcohol use (p = 0.034), hospitalization (p = 0.014), and history of receiving injections from traditional practitioners (p = 0.040) were significant predictors of HBV infection. In contrast, a history of blood transfusion (p = 0.048) and sexually transmitted infections (p = 0.039) were significant risk factors for HCV infection. Conclusion and Recommendations An intermediate prevalence of HBV and HCV infections was observed among the military personnel. Continuous screening, adherence to healthcare service guidelines, and strengthening of vaccination are crucial for preventing HBV and HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanaw Dinku Abebe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Muluneh Assefa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Debaka Belete
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Ferede
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Belete D, Kassaw D, Andualem T. Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viral Infections and Their Associated Factors among Diabetic Patients Visiting Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 2023:5077706. [PMID: 38021268 PMCID: PMC10673667 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5077706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Viral hepatitis is a global public health problem that affects millions of people each year, causing disability and death. Hepatitis B and C viruses are the most common causes of viral hepatitis and are associated with chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary site of infection for these viruses is the liver, the primary site of hormone and glucose metabolism closely linked to diabetes mellitus (DM), which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. As a result, assessing the coexistence of viral hepatitis and DM could be important in disease management, prevention, and control measures in DM patients. Objective The aim of our study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of HBV and HCV among diabetes patients attending Debre Tabor Referral Hospital. Methods An institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2021, to February 30, 2021. A systematic sampling technique was used for selecting study participants. Serum samples were screened with a rapid test kit for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infections. A pretested structured questionnaire was constructed to collect the data, which were later analyzed using SPSS version 23. Inferential statistics were used to evaluate the associated risk factors for the outcome variable. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result A total of 152 diabetes patients were included in this study, with 78 (51.3%) males and 74 (48.7%) females, with a mean age of 39.24 ± 17.90 years. The prevalence of HBV and HCV was 6 (3.9%) and 2 (1.3%), respectively. Most of potential risk factors such as, histories of surgical procedures, tooth extraction, hepatitis infection in the family, blood transfusion, alcohol consumption, body tattooing, and multiple sexual partners were not statistically significant for HBV and HCV infections. Conclusion In this study, no association was obtained between sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioural factors and the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses. Furthermore, there is no significant association detected between HBV or potential HCV infection and DM. Despite these results, continuing professional training programs on HBV and HCV infection, including increased vaccination coverage rates for HBV, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaka Belete
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Kassaw
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Andualem
- Debre Tabor University, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Deress T, Million Y, Belachew T, Jemal M, Girma M. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Viral Infection in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:8873389. [PMID: 33897305 PMCID: PMC8052182 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8873389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus is a highly genetically heterogenous bloodborne pathogen that is responsible for acute and chronic hepatitis. Globally, an estimated 71 million population is chronically infected with this virus from which 399,000 people die every year. Its prevalence is high in Ethiopia and varies from region to region, even among different studies within a region. METHODS Electronic databases, including Science Direct, Medline, HINARI, African Journals Online, TRIP database, African Index Medicus, and Directory of Open Access Journals, searched from 2010 to 2020 and published articles were included. Due to evidence of considerable heterogeneity, the pooled prevalence of anti-HCV was analyzed using the random-effects model. The possible sources of heterogeneity were analyzed through subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression. Funnel plots and Egger's test statistics were used to determine the presence of publication bias. RESULTS The analysis of 56 articles showed that the prevalence of anti-HCV in Ethiopia ranged from 0% to 22%. The pooled prevalence estimated was 2% (95% CI 2.0-3.0), and the meta-regression statistics indicated that the diagnostic method (p=0.037), study group (p=0.005), and level of bias (p=0.035) showed statistically significant association with the outcome variable. The sensitivity analysis claims no influence on the overall effect estimate while removing a single study from the analysis at a time. Egger's test statistics (p ≤ 0.001) declare the presence of publication bias that is handled using time and fill analysis. CONCLUSIONS The pooled prevalence of anti-HCV in Ethiopia was high. Predictor variables, including the diagnostic method, study group, and level of bias, showed a statistically significant relationship with the outcome variable. Strengthening the scope of existing prevention and control programs and implementing novel approaches, including screen-and-treat, could significantly help to tackle this critical public health issue. The study provides a current estimate which is valuable for policymakers and other responsible bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshiwal Deress
- Unit of Quality Assurance and Laboratory Management, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yihenew Million
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Teshome Belachew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohabaw Jemal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Girma
- Unit of Quality Assurance and Laboratory Management, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Ayele A, Abera D, Hailu M, Birhanu M, Desta K. Prevalence and associated risk factors for Hepatitis B and C viruses among refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:721. [PMID: 32429964 PMCID: PMC7236441 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is an increased flow of refugees into Ethiopia from neighboring countries. However, there are no post-arrival screening mechanisms for hepatitis B and C viruses which could be an additional burden for the local population. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia. It also aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning hepatitis B and C viruses among participants. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 453 refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia from January until May 2018. A questionnaire was used to collect data on refugees' socio-demographic, risk factors, and KAP of hepatitis B and C infections. Five milliliters of blood sample were collected from each participant and the serum was used for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody screening rapid tests. Positive samples were further tested by ELISA method. Data were performed using SPSS version 20, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV among refugees was 7.3% (33/453) and 2.0% (9/453) respectively. Of these, 6.8% (25/370) and 1.4% (5/370) of females were positive for HBsAg and anti-HCV, whereas 9.6% (8/83) and 4.8% (4/83) of males were positive for HBsAg and anti-HCV. The age group of 18-29 and 30-41 years old were related to HCV infection (P = 0.003 and P = 0.020). However, proposed risk factors were not related to HBV and HCV infections. Knowledge assessment showed that 86.5% (392/453) did not know how HBV and HCV infections are transmitted, and 86.8% (393/453) had no information about the availability of HBV vaccine. CONCLUSION This study showed intermediate prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in a large refugee camp in Ethiopia. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus was found to increase with age, but no other risk factor for either virus identified as significant. Refugees' understanding of hepatitis B and C was very limited. This indicates the need for screening policy to be implemented and integrated with other health services and awareness creation about the infection in all refugee camps of Gambella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiyu Ayele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ethiopian Airport, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Abera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Melese Hailu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Birhanu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassu Desta
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Iradukunda PG, Habyarimana T, Niyonzima FN, Uwitonze AY, Mpunga T. Risk factors associated with hepatitis B and C in rural population of Burera district, Rwanda. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 35:43. [PMID: 32499858 PMCID: PMC7245981 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.43.16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several studies have shown that older people have a higher risk of exposure to viral hepatitis B and C than younger people. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C and their associated factors in people aged 45+ years old in Burera, a rural district of Rwanda. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted from July to December 2017 during a mass campaign of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) screening and vaccination of eligible populations against HBV in Burera District. Blood samples were collected and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and an antibody against hepatitis C (Anti-HCV) were detected using an Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The associated factors were identified using a structured questionnaire and the data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results Of the 374 people included in this study, 53.2% were females. The median age was 56 years old with an interquartile range (IQR) of 50 - 63 years old. The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection was 6.4% and 9.4%, respectively, with 0.3% co-infection rate. Age, social economic level, history of blood transfusion, history of never using a condom, as well as a history of injury with a used sharp material were significantly associated with HCV infection. Conclusion The study showed a high seroprevalence of both HBV and HCV in Burera’s elderly population aged 45+ years. Several factors associated with HBV and HCV in this study could be prevented through education and improved hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gad Iradukunda
- Biomedical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Fundamental Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences of Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Thierry Habyarimana
- Biomedical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Fundamental Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences of Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Francois Niyongabo Niyonzima
- Biomedical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Fundamental Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences of Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Ange-Yvette Uwitonze
- Biomedical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Fundamental Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences of Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda
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Woldegiorgis AE, Erku W, Medhin G, Berhe N, Legesse M. Community-based sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226890. [PMID: 31887192 PMCID: PMC6936792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are the leading causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The magnitude of HBV and HCV infections in Ethiopia has not been well studied at community level. This study aimed at investigating the sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of HBV and HCV among HBV unvaccinated community members in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts from March to May 2018. Structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant clinical and socio-demographic data. Three milliliter of blood sample was collected from each study participant and screened for HBV and HCV using one step hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test strip and one step HCV test strip, respectively. Samples found positive for HBsAg were further tested using immunoassay of Alere DetermineTM HBsAg (Alere Inc., USA). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results A total of 625 (51.4% males, age 6–80 years, mean age ± SD = 30.83 ± 13.51 years) individuals participated in the study. The sero-prevalence for HBV infection was 8.0% as detected using one step HBsAg test strip, while it was 7.2% using Alere DetermineTM HBsAg test. The sero-prevalence for HCV infection was 1.9%. Two (0.3%) of the participants were seropositive for both HBV and HCV infections. High sero-prevalence for HBV infection was associated with weakness and fatigue (AOR = 5.20; 95% CI: 1.58, 17.15), while high sero-prevalence of HCV infection was associated with age group between 46 and 65 years (AOR = 13.02; 95% CI: 1.11, 152.41). Conclusion This study revealed higher-intermediate endemicity level of HBV infection and low to intermediate endemicity level of HCV infection in the study area. Clinical symptoms like weakness and fatigue were found to be indictors for HBV infection, while individuals in the age group between 46 and 65 years were at higher risk for HCV infection. Provision of community- based health education; vaccination, mass screening and providing treatment would have utmost importance in reducing the transmission of these diseases in the present study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adugna Endale Woldegiorgis
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Woldearegay Erku
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Berhe
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Legesse
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Yazie TD, Tebeje MG. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:917. [PMID: 31664923 PMCID: PMC6820955 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus is one of the major public health concerns globally. It is highly infectious and can be transmitted from person to person through vertically or horizontally via contaminated body fluids. Despite the provision of an effective vaccine, it remains a major problem worldwide, particularly among the developing countries. Methods Online electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online, and WHO Afro Library were searched and published articles from 2010 to June 8, 2019, were considered. Both authors independently screened articles and extracted the data. Funnel-Plots and Egger’s test statistics were used to determine the presence of small-study effects and publication bias. The pooled prevalence of HBV was analyzed using the random-effects model. The possible sources of heterogeneity was analyzed through subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression. Results The overall pooled prevalence of HBV was 6% and among subgroups, pregnant women, healthcare workers, and HIV positive patients accounted for 5% for each group. Relatively low prevalence (4%) was obtained among blood donors. The Egger’s test statistics (p = 0.747) indicated the absence of publication bias. In addition, from the sensitivity analysis, there was no influence on the overall effect estimate while removing a single study at a time. The level of heterogeneity was reduced among pregnant women, HIV positive and studies with unknown sampling techniques. After conducting meta-regression, province, study group, screening method, and quality of papers were identified as sources of heterogeneity. Conclusions The overall pooled prevalence of HBV in Ethiopia was high. Strengthening and scaling up of the scope of the existing vaccination program and implementing novel approaches including screen-and-treat could be implemented to reduce the burden of the disease. Generally, the study can provide current prevalence estimate of HBV that could vital for intervention to tackle the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshiwal Deress Yazie
- Unit of Quality Assurance and Laboratory Management, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Mekonnen Girma Tebeje
- Unit of Quality Assurance and Laboratory Management, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Goa A, Dana T, Bitew S, Arba A. Seroprevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B virus infection among HIV-positive adults attending an antiretroviral treatment clinic at Wolaita Sodo University Referral Hospital. Hepat Med 2019; 11:137-147. [PMID: 31565003 PMCID: PMC6735655 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s206870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) constitutes major public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa from different infections occuring in HIV positive patients. Ethiopia is a part of sub-Saharan Africa with 1.5% adult HIV prevalence, and also belongs to the intermediate to high HBV prevalence category. Hence, this study aimed to measure the seroprevalence and associated factors of HBV infection among HIV-positive adults attending an antiretroviral treatment (ART) clinic at Wolaita Sodo University Referral Hospital. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 15 to December 10, 2017 using a systematic random sampling technique. After getting informed written consent, data were collected by a structured and interviewer-administered questionnaire. Venous blood was collected and centrifuged to separate serum. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected from serum using an advanced quality one-step rapid test kit. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.01 and exported to SPSS version 20. Summary statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analyses were performed. The variables having significant association of P<0.05 in the multivariate logistic regression were taken as independent factors. OR and 95% CI were used to measure the strength of the association. Results A total of 442 study participants, 187 males and 255 females, were included in this study. Overall prevalence of HBsAg was 37 (8.4%). Family history of HBV (adjusted OR=8.83, 95% CI=2.56–30.49), multiple sexual partners (adjusted OR=7.08, 95% CI=2.29–21.9), and CD4 count <200 cells/μL (adjusted OR=15.34, 95% CI=4.77–49.3) were found to be significantly associated with HBsAg positivity. Conclusion The prevalence of HBsAg in this study was high. Family history of HBV, multiple sexual partners, and CD4 count <200 cells/μL were independently associated with HBsAg positivity. Therefore, screening for HBV is recommended before initiation of ART in HIV patients and providing appropriate treatment for co-infection. Furthermore, accurate information on risk factors for HBV transmission should be provided. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z05OsXCUwHY
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Goa
- Wolaita Sodo University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Dana
- Wolaita Sodo University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelash Bitew
- Wolaita Sodo University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Aseb Arba
- Wolaita Sodo University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Wang T, Dai Y, Lu W, Zhou H, Chen Y, Xu X, Sun C, Cheng J. An epidemiological survey of HBV infection and low-level HBsAg in military camps in eastern China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12201. [PMID: 30235666 PMCID: PMC6160064 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in military personnel in eastern China, which will provide a basis for the prevention of HBV infection.A total of 15,508 soldiers and 2386 officers were recruited from military camps in eastern China. The markers, deoxyribonucleic acid, serotypes, and genotypes of HBV in serum were detected and analyzed.Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive rate was 0.44% in soldiers, in whom the low-level HBsAg accounted for 88.24%. The HBsAg positive rate was 1.72% in officers in whom the low-level HBsAg accounted for 12.20%. There were significant differences in the prevalence of high-level and low-level HBsAg, HBV serotypes, HBV DNA positive rate, and mean log HBV DNA between officers and soldiers (P < .05). Compared with the conventional method for HBV DNA extraction, the enrichment method for HBV DNA extraction could significantly improve the positive rate and quantification of HBV DNA by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (P < .05). Sequencing of S gene in HBV was used for the determination of serotype and genotype of HBV. The sequencing success rate was significantly different between soldiers and officers (P < .05) as well as between high-level HBsAg group and low-level HBsAg group (P < .05). Significant difference was also observed in the genotype distribution between soldiers and officers (P < .05).HBV infection displays a low prevalence and a low epidemic state, and the prevalence of low-level HBsAg is higher in soldiers. We should pay attention to improve the quality of conscription examination as well as emphasize the surveillance, prevention, and protection of HBV infection in military officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 117th Hospital of PLA
| | - Yuzhu Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 117th Hospital of PLA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 117th Hospital of PLA
| | - Huajun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 117th Hospital of PLA
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xujian Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Changgui Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 117th Hospital of PLA
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 117th Hospital of PLA
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Is Tattooing a Risk Factor for Hepatitis C Transmission?: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Diop M, Diouf A, Seck SM, Lo G, Ka D, Massaly A, Dieye A, Fall NM, Cisse-Diallo VMP, Diallo-Mbaye K, Lakhe NA, Fortes-Déguénonvo L, Ndour CT, Soumaré M, Seydi M. [Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and its associated factors in Senegalese military personnel sent on mission to Darfur]. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 26:154. [PMID: 28533877 PMCID: PMC5429464 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.26.154.11594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Au Sénégal, 85% de la population adulte ont été en contact avec le virus de l'hépatite B et environ 11% sont porteurs chroniques de l'antigène de surface de ce virus (AgHBs). Cette infection est peu documentée dans l'armée sénégalaise. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer la prévalence de l'AgHBs chez des militaires sénégalais envoyés en mission au Darfour (Soudan) et d'identifier les facteurs associés. Méthodes Nous avons mené une étude transversale du 1er juillet 2014 au 31 juillet 2014 chez des militaires sénégalais en mission au Darfour. La recherche de l'AgHBs a été effectuée dans le sérum des participants par la méthode immunochromatographique. La recherche de facteurs associés a été réalisée à l'aide d'une régression logistique multivariée. Résultats Notre étude a porté sur 169 militaires de sexe masculin. L'âge moyen était de 36,6 ans ± 9,5. Des antécédents d'hépatopathie chronique au niveau familial, d'exposition sanguine et d'exposition sexuelle ont été retrouvés respectivement chez 12,4% ; 24,9% et 45,6% de la population d'étude. L'AgHBs a été retrouvé chez 24 participants [14,2% (IC95% = 8,9-19,5)]. Après ajustement sur les facteurs de confusion potentiels, l'âge (OR=0,9 IC95% =0,9-1,0), un niveau d'étude universitaire (OR= 9,5 IC95% =1,3-67,1) et l'exposition sexuelle (OR=3,3; IC95% =1,0-10,3) étaient apparus associés de façon indépendante à l'hépatite B. Conclusion Notre étude retrouve une prévalence élevée de l'AgHBs et souligne la nécessité d'une évaluation plus poussée de l'hépatite B chez cette population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Diop
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Chnu de Fann, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Assane Diouf
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Chnu de Fann, Dakar, Sénégal.,Ecole de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Québec, Canada
| | | | - Gora Lo
- Centre Médical Inter Armée Sud, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Daye Ka
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Chnu de Fann, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Aminata Massaly
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Chnu de Fann, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Alassane Dieye
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Chnu de Fann, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ndeye Maguette Fall
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Chnu de Fann, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maserigne Soumaré
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Chnu de Fann, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Moussa Seydi
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Chnu de Fann, Dakar, Sénégal
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Abera B, Adem Y, Yimer M, Mulu W, Zenebe Y, Mekonnen Z. Community seroprevalence of hepatitis B, C and human immunodeficiency virus in adult population in gojjam zones, northwest Ethiopia. Virol J 2017; 14:21. [PMID: 28166829 PMCID: PMC5294870 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Ethiopia, there is lack of data on the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infections in adult population at community level. This study aimed at determining the HBV, HCV and HIV seroprevalence in adult population at community level in East and West Gojjam zones in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 01 and November 30, 2015. The Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV were detected using the standard serological tests. The antibody to HIV infection was tested using the national HIV rapid tests algorithms. Results A total of 481 adults comprised of 51% females with median age of 25 years took part in the study. Overall, 7.5% (95% CI: 5.5–10.2%) of adult population were infected either with HBV, HCV and HIV. The prevalence of HBV was 15 (3.1%) and for HIV was 16 (3.3%). The seroprevalence of HCV was five (1.0%). HIV-HCV co-infection was found to be two (0.4%). HIV prevalence was higher in non-educated population than their counter parts (P = 0.001). HIV prevalence was high in housewives (6.0%) and merchants (4.7%). Conclusions This study revealed an intermediate HBV prevalence and low prevalence of HCV in adult population at community level. HIV prevalence is still a major public health problem in the area. To have the national data, we recommend further study on genotypes of HBV and HCV including local risk factors for transmissions. Moreover, health education on HBV, HCV and HIV transmission should be an intervention measure in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayeh Abera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Yesuf Adem
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Yimer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Wondemagegn Mulu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Zenebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdie Mekonnen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,Department of Biomedical research, Biotechnology Research Institute, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Belyhun Y, Maier M, Mulu A, Diro E, Liebert UG. Hepatitis viruses in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:761. [PMID: 27993129 PMCID: PMC5168848 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-2090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing seroepidemiological data on viral hepatitis in Ethiopia showed a wide variation in prevalence pattern and the clinical and public health burden have been underestimated. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a clear and comprehensive estimation of viral hepatitis epidemiology and the potential clinical burdens in Ethiopia. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was carried out from five decades (1968-2015) published studies from biomedical databases; PubMed, Google scholar, Medline and Web of Science. RESULTS The overall pooled prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was 7.4% (95%CI: 6.5-8.4). The pooled prevalence among subgroups showed 5.2% (95%CI: 3.7-7.4) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals, 8.0% (95%CI: 5.9-10.7) in community based studies, 8.4% (95%CI: 5.4-12.7) in blood donors, 11.0% (95%CI: 7.5-15.9) in immigrants and 6.9% (95%CI: 5.6-8.5) in other groups. Among study parameters considered during meta-regression analysis, only study years were associated with a decreasing HBV prevalence rate over time. The overall pooled prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) was 3.1% (95%CI: 2.2-4.4). Unlike HBV, the anti-HCV prevalence in HIV infected individuals was higher (5.5%, 95%CI: 3.8-7.8%, p = 0.01) than the prevalence observed in the other subgroup of study population. Although relatively few data were available, hepatitis virus A (HAV), D (HDV) and E (HEV) were also circulated in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS This review indicates that all types of viral hepatitis origins are endemic in Ethiopia. Adapting a recommended diagnostic and treatment algorithm of viral hepatitis in the routine healthcare systems and implementing prevention and control policies in the general population needs an urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshambel Belyhun
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melanie Maier
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andargachew Mulu
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Diro
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Uwe Gerd Liebert
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Cella E, Ceccarelli G, Vita S, Lai A, Presti AL, Blasi A, Palco ML, Guarino MPL, Zehender G, Angeletti S, Ciccozzi M. First epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of Hepatitis B virus infection in migrants from Mali. J Med Virol 2016; 89:639-646. [PMID: 27576107 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The armed conflict in Mali caused a migration crisis since 2012. Most Malian refugees were in Italy. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the seroprevalence of anti-HBV antibodies is particularly high. Genotype E is the most prevalent throughout a crescent covering area from Angola to Senegal, including Mali. We report 16 HBV positive individual from 136 Malian asylum seekers in order to investigate the genetic diversity of HBV in this population. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis has been used. The HBV genotype E isolates from Mali did not cluster together but were intermixed, with the other African sequences. Only three supported clade were evidenced and closely related to sequences from Burkina Faso. The estimated evolutionary rate was 9.29 × 104 . The root of the tree dated back to February 2008 in (95% HPD: 2006-2011). From this ancestor six main statistically supported clusters (pp > 0.80) were identified. The most recent Clade dated back to May 2015. The BSP showed that the effective number of infections softly increased from 2011 to the 2015. Phylogenetic analysis helped in understanding how two on sixteen individuals, have been infected in Italy, and give an important improvement in prevention campaigns and monitoring of the viral infection in migrants. J. Med. Virol. 89:639-646, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cella
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Migrant Health Research Organisation (Mi-HeRO) - Centro di Ricerca sulla Salute delle Popolazioni Mobili e Globale, Italy
| | - Serena Vita
- Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Migrant Health Research Organisation (Mi-HeRO) - Centro di Ricerca sulla Salute delle Popolazioni Mobili e Globale, Italy
| | - Alessia Lai
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lo Presti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Aletheia Blasi
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lo Palco
- Sanitary Bureau of Asylum Seekers Center of Castelnuovo di Porto, Rome, Italy.,Auxilium Società Cooperativa Sociale, Senise (PZ), Italy
| | | | - Gianguglielmo Zehender
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Italy
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