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Kaur S, Bains K. Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera). INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:308-321. [PMID: 37915246 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera, AV) is a widely recognized for its diverse health-promoting, skin care, and medicinal properties. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of AV's bioactive compounds, pharmacological activities, potential applications, its toxic and adverse effects, as well as the clinical evidence supporting AV's efficacy in disease prevention. AV contains over 200 bioactive compounds, with the inner clear gel of the leaves containing the majority of these compounds. These include phenolic acids (274.5-307.5 mg/100 g), flavonoids. (3.63-4.70 g/kg), polysaccharides (3.82-6.55 g/kg), saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and anthraquinone derivatives. Findings from clinical studies involving both humans and animals highlight the therapeutic potential of AV across diverse health domains. The studies demonstrate AV's efficacy in reducing blood glucose levels, exhibiting antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, protecting the liver from damage, and displaying antimicrobial properties. In the fields of dermatology and dentistry, AV has also been observed to promote skin and oral health. However, it is imperative to acknowledge potential risks, adhere to recommended dosages, and seek guidance from healthcare experts before employing AV as a natural therapeutic option. Moreover, considering safety concerns, further well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to substantiate the potential benefits of AV and comprehensively assess any associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhdeep Kaur
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kiran Bains
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Joshi V, Bachhar V, Mishra SS, Shukla RK, Gangal A, Duseja M. GC-MS fingerprinting, nutritional composition, in vitro pharmacological activities and molecular docking studies of Piper chaba from Uttarakhand region. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:158. [PMID: 38766322 PMCID: PMC11101386 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Piper chaba (PC) growing in the northern region of India, having differences in the phytochemicals, nutritional content, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties by reducing power assay (RPA), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, phosphomolybdate assay, and antidiabetic potential by α-amylase assay with change in the geographical location. Outcomes of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that phytochemicals such as piperine (46.69%), kusunokinin (8.9%), and sitostenone (7.57%) are the prominent compounds found in PC. The plant has also shown a good nutritional value, i.e., iron (11.25 mg), calcium (147 mg), and vitamin C (9.30 mg) per 100 g. PC has a higher phenolic content than other species (⁓ 13.75 g/100 g plant powder). Among the four tested bacterial strains, the extract is best responsive toward Escherichia coli (35 ± 0.68 mm) which is more than the standard ciprofloxacin (24 ± 0.8 mm). Similarly, among two tested fungal strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows the best zone of inhibition (ZOI) (27.5 ± 0.8 mm), which is greater than tat of standard amphotericin (20.25 ± 0.28 mm). The DDPH method demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity (⁓ 42.61 ± 1.82 µg/ml). IC50 for the antidiabetic potential of PC was found to be 23.09 ± 0.3 µg/ml against α-amylase assay. A molecular docking study revealed that three compounds, piperine, sitostenone and kusunokinin, showed strong binding affinity toward bacterial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases, fungal dihydrofolate reductase, and α-amylase, respectively. Therefore, the findings of the current study indicate that PC can be considered as a source of food and medicines, either in the form of traditional preparations or as pure active constituents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03996-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Joshi
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009 India
| | - Vishwajeet Bachhar
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009 India
| | - Shashank Shekher Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009 India
| | - Ravi K. Shukla
- Advanced Functional Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009 India
| | - Avinash Gangal
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009 India
| | - Manisha Duseja
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009 India
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Abdallah R, Shaito AA, Badran A, Baydoun S, Sobeh M, Ouchari W, Sahri N, Eid AH, Mesmar JE, Baydoun E. Fractionation and phytochemical composition of an ethanolic extract of Ziziphus nummularia leaves: antioxidant and anticancerous properties in human triple negative breast cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1331843. [PMID: 38405665 PMCID: PMC10885810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1331843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products have long been utilized in traditional medicine as remedies to improve health and treat illnesses, and have had a key role in modern drug discovery. Recently, there has been a revived interest in the search for bioactives from natural sources as alternative or complementary modalities to synthetic medicines; especially for cancer treatment, which incidence and mortality rates are on the rise worldwide. Ziziphus nummularia has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Its traditional uses and numerous ethnopharmacological properties may be attributed to its richness in bioactive metabolites. However, its phytochemical composition or chemopreventive effects against the aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are still poorly explored. Here, phytochemical composition of an ethanolic extract of Z. nummularia leaves (ZNE) and its chromatographically isolated fractions was identified both qualitatively by spectrophotometric assays and analytically by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. The anti-proliferative effects of ZNE were tested in several cancer cell lines, but we focused on its anti-TNBC effects since they were not explored yet. The anti-cancerous potential of ZNE and its fractions was tested in vitro in MDA-MB-231, a TNBC cell line. Results showed that ZNE and its Fraction 6 (F6) reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. F6 decreased MDA-MB-231 viability more than crude ZNE or its other fractions. ZNE and F6 are rich in phytochemicals and HPLC-PDA-MS/MS analysis identified several metabolites that were previously reported to have anti-cancerous effects. Both ZNE and F6 showed potent antioxidant capacity in the DPPH assay, but promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in MDA-MB-231 cells; an effect which was blunted by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). NAC also blunted ZNE- and F6-induced reduction in TNBC cell viability. We also demonstrated that ZNE and F6 induced an arrest of the cell cycle, and triggered apoptosis- and autophagy-mediated cell death. ZNE and F6 inhibited metastasis-related cellular processes by modifying cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. Taken together, our findings reveal that Z. nummularia is rich in phytochemicals that can attenuate the malignant phenotype of TNBC and may offer innovative avenues for the discovery of new drug leads for treatment of TNBC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Abdallah
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdullah A. Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences at College of Health Sciences, and College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adnan Badran
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Serine Baydoun
- Breast Imaging Section, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wafae Ouchari
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nihad Sahri
- Agrobiosciences Program, College for Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Banakar PS, Kumar S, Varada VV, Dixit S, Tyagi N, Tyagi AK. Dietary supplementation of Aloe vera extract modulates rumen microbes and improves the functional food value of milk by altering phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and fatty acid profile in lactating goats. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3027-3038. [PMID: 36200859 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2127748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four cross-breed (Alpine × Beetal) lactating goats (average body weight: 37.5 ± 2.7 kg and milk yield: 1.78 ± 0.31 kg/day) were chosen for the ninety days duration of the experiment and divided into three groups following a completely randomized design. Group I acted as control (T0) and received only a basal diet as per requirement, whereas group II (T1) and group III (T2) received basal diet added with Aloe vera extract at 2% and 4% of dry matter intake (DMI), respectively. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and milk antioxidant status were higher (p < 0.05) in T1 and T2 than T0. Relative abundance of methanogen, protozoa, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens in the rumen were lower, while Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens population was higher (p < 0.05) in T2 and T1 compared to T0. Saturated fatty acids levels in milk were lower, whereas different polyunsaturated fatty acids levels were higher (p < 0.05) in T1 and T2 than T0. Nutritional indices of milk increased in both supplemented groups. Overall, it may be concluded that dietary supplementation of Aloe vera extract at 2% and 4% of DMI may enhance the functional characteristics of milk by boosting TPC and antioxidant status, as well as the FA profile and nutritional quality indices of milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Banakar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vinay Venkatesh Varada
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sonam Dixit
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Nitin Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Amrish Kumar Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Nakitto AMS, Byaruhanga YB, Wagner AE, Muyonga JH. Influence of ripeness stage on the bioactive compounds' contents and antioxidant activities of Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits accessions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21614. [PMID: 38027920 PMCID: PMC10651511 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits (SALF) possess bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and vitamin C, that are beneficial for preventing oxidative stress-related diseases. It has been documented that ripeness stage influences the nutritional quality of fruits. However, there is limited information on the effect of the ripeness stages (unripe, yellow, orange and red) on the bioactive compounds' contents (BCC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of SALF. We investigated the effect of ripening on the BCC and AA of different SALF accessions. Spectrophotometry was used to determine SALF's total contents of phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, vitamin C, and AA and gravimetry for total alkaloids. The AA was determined as free radical scavenging activity (FRSC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The total phenolics (7.6-22.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/g DW), flavonoids (1.3-4.1 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g DW), saponins (44.8-152.5 mg diosgenin equivalent/g DW), vitamin C (2.2-6.4 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g DW), alkaloids (141.2-296.9 mg/g DW), FRSC (1.5-66.2 %) and TAC (0.1-14.2 mg QE/g DW) significantly differed among the ripeness stages. Fruits in the unripe stage were rich in phenolics, flavonoids, and AA; in the red stage in alkaloids and vitamin C; and in the orange stage, in saponins and flavonoids. The AA had strong positive correlations with total flavonoids and phenolics (r = 0.72 and 0.81, respectively) and a moderate negative correlation with total alkaloids (r = -0.67). Overall, unripe stage fruits had the highest AA and total phenolics and thus may have the highest health-promoting properties. Botanists and farmers may, therefore, focus on harvesting and trading SALF to markets/consumers while still unripe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Musaazi Sebunya Nakitto
- School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yusuf B. Byaruhanga
- School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anika E. Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - John H. Muyonga
- School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Vargas-Madriz ÁF, Kuri-García A, Luzardo-Ocampo I, Vargas-Madriz H, Pérez-Ramírez IF, Anaya-Loyola MA, Ferriz-Martínez RA, Roldán-Padrón O, Hernández-Sandoval L, Guzmán-Maldonado SH, Chávez-Servín JL. Impact of Drying Process on the Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Raw and Boiled Leaves and Inflorescences of Chenopodium berlandieri ssp. berlandieri. Molecules 2023; 28:7235. [PMID: 37894714 PMCID: PMC10608939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
C. berlandieri ssp. berlandieri (C. berlandieri) is one of the most common members of the group of plants known as quelites, which are dark leafy greens widely consumed in Mexico. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two drying procedures (oven drying and freeze-drying/lyophilization) on the polyphenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, and proximal chemical analysis of C. berlandieri leaves and inflorescences (raw or boiled). The results indicated that the raw freeze-dried samples had higher amounts (p < 0.05) of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity, mainly in the inflorescence. The oven-dried samples showed an increased concentration of polyphenols after boiling, while the lyophilized samples showed a slightly decreased concentration. The drying process was observed to have little impact on the proximal chemical composition. Quantification by UPLC-DAD-ESI-QToF/MS identified up to 23 individual phenolic compounds, with freeze-dried samples showing higher amounts of individual compounds compared with oven-dried. Procyanidin B2 was found exclusively in the inflorescences. The inflorescences have a higher content of phenolic compounds and greater antioxidant capacity than the leaves. Regardless of the drying process, the leaves and inflorescences of C. berlandieri contain an interesting variety of phenolic compounds that may have beneficial effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Félix Vargas-Madriz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (A.K.-G.); (R.A.F.-M.)
| | - Aarón Kuri-García
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (A.K.-G.); (R.A.F.-M.)
| | - Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, N.L., Monterrey 64841, Mexico;
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514 Nuevo Mexico, Zapopan 45138, Mexico
| | - Haidel Vargas-Madriz
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara-UDG, Av. Independencia Nacional 151, Autlán, Guadalajara 48900, Mexico
| | - Iza Fernanda Pérez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Miriam Aracely Anaya-Loyola
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Roberto Augusto Ferriz-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (A.K.-G.); (R.A.F.-M.)
| | - Octavio Roldán-Padrón
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (A.K.-G.); (R.A.F.-M.)
| | - Luis Hernández-Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Salvador Horacio Guzmán-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Regional del Centro, INIFAP, Campo Experimental Bajío, Km 6, Carr. Celaya-San Miguel de Allende, Apdo. Postal 112, Celaya 38110, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Chávez-Servín
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (Á.F.V.-M.); (A.K.-G.); (R.A.F.-M.)
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Cerrato A, Biancolillo A, Cannazza G, Cavaliere C, Citti C, Laganà A, Marini F, Montanari M, Montone CM, Paris R, Virzì N, Capriotti AL. Untargeted cannabinomics reveals the chemical differentiation of industrial hemp based on the cultivar and the geographical field location. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341716. [PMID: 37709459 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa has long been harvested for industrial applications related to its fibers. Industrial hemp cultivars, a botanical class of Cannabis sativa with a low expression of intoxicating Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) have been selected for these purposes and scarcely investigated in terms of their content in bioactive compounds. Following the global relaxation in the market of industrial hemp-derived products, research in industrial hemp for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical purposes has surged. In this context, metabolomics-based approaches have proven to fulfill the aim of obtaining comprehensive information on the phytocompound profile of cannabis samples, going beyond the targeted evaluation of the major phytocannabinoids. In the present paper, an HRMS-based metabolomics study was addressed to seven distinct industrial hemp cultivars grown in four experimental fields in Northern, Southern, and Insular Italy. Since the role of minor phytocannabinoids as well as other phytocompounds was found to be critical in discriminating cannabis chemovars and in determining its biological activities, a comprehensive characterization of phytocannabinoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids was carried out by LC-HRMS and a dedicated data processing workflow following the guidelines of the metabolomics Quality Assurance and Quality Control Consortium. A total of 54 phytocannabinoids, 134 flavonoids, and 77 phenolic acids were annotated, and their role in distinguishing hemp samples based on the geographical field location and cultivar was evaluated by ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis. Finally, a low-level fused model demonstrated the key role of untargeted cannabinomics extended to lesser-studied phytocompound classes for the discrimination of hemp samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biancolillo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cannazza
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; CNR NANOTEC, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Citti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy; CNR NANOTEC, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Montanari
- CREA-Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Paris
- CREA-Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nino Virzì
- CREA-Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops, C.so Savoia 190, 95024, Acireale, CT, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Wellia DV, Syafawi A, Putri YE, Muldarisnur. The effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) addition on green synthesis of porous N-doped TiO 2 for photoreduction of heavy metal ion Cr(vi). RSC Adv 2023; 13:29645-29656. [PMID: 37822651 PMCID: PMC10562776 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03247g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, porous TiO2 photocatalysts modified by nitrogen (NCT) were successfully synthesized using a combination of green synthesis methods by utilizing Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. peel and hydrothermal method. In addition, TiO2 was modified by increasing the active surface area using Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB). The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the anatase phase was formed. The result of the Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy UV-Vis (DRS UV-Vis) using the Tauc-plot method showed that all porous N-doped TiO2 samples experienced a decrease in the energy gap. This indicates the successful modification of TiO2 by nitrogen, as confirmed by the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) result. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) result showed that the synthesized TiO2 had a spherical morphology of 10-30 nm diameter. The Braunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) result indicated that the type IV isotherm curve with a mesoporous structure was formed. The NCT0.75 sample had a surface area and pore size of 95.02 m2 g-1 and 8.021 nm, respectively, while the NTi0.75 sample had a surface area and pore size of 90.97 m2 g-1 and 5.161 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the porous N-doped TiO2 was tested on photoreduction of metal pollutant model Cr(vi). The result demonstrated that the NCT0.75 sample had the most optimal photocatalytic activity by reducing 89.42% of Cr(vi) metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vanda Wellia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas Indonesia
| | - Atika Syafawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas Indonesia
| | - Yulia Eka Putri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas Indonesia
| | - Muldarisnur
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas Indonesia
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Zamri NFI, Mohd Shafri MA, Zamli Z, Mamat S. A Scoping Review on Medicinal Properties of Piper betle ( Sirih) Based on Malay Medical Manuscripts and Scientific Literatures. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:23-39. [PMID: 37928797 PMCID: PMC10624437 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malay medical manuscripts have deciphered the medicinal value of Piper betle (sirih) enormously. In this review, an effort was made to explore the medicinal use of P. betle and correlate this information with the scientific evidence. Methods The information regarding the use of P. betle was retrieved from the books consisting of a Malay medical manuscript with an identification number MSS 2219 from the National Library of Malaysia. PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases were used to collect information regarding the scientific evidence for the medicinal use of P. betle. This review was written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The keywords used for searching the articles included P. betle, antimicrobial, analgaesic, haepatic and gastric. Results MSS 2219 showed that P. betle has varied medicinal uses and based on that, it can be grouped into six categories. P. betle application method was different in different conditions. In terms of the literature search, 226 articles were found, 75 articles were extracted for detailed analysis and only 23 met the inclusion criteria. The information was related to the chemical assays, in vivo and in vitro studies. Conclusion In summary, P. betle has the potential to treat medical conditions in various types of categories as recorded in the Malay medical manuscripts and also based on scientific publications. For clinical purposes, more information is required, such as the specific mechanism involved, the best extraction method and the best dosage for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatin Idayu Zamri
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kullliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Affendi Mohd Shafri
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kullliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Zaitunnatakhin Zamli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kullliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Suhana Mamat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kullliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
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10
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Nna VU, McGrowder D, Nwokocha C. Nutraceutical management of metabolic syndrome as a palliative and a therapeutic to coronavirus disease (COVID) crisis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1123-1142. [PMID: 33770443 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1903041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The global market for medicinal plants and herbs is on the increase due to their desirability, efficacy, and less adverse effects as complementary and alternative medications to the orthodox pharmaceuticals, perhaps due to their natural components and qualities. Metabolic syndromes are managed with changes in diet, exercise, lifestyle modifications and the use of pharmacological agents. Plants are now known to have potent antioxidant and cholinergic activities which are relevant to the management of several metabolic syndromes, which are unfortunately, co-morbidity factors in the coronavirus disease crisis. This review will focus on the biological activities of some plant products used as complementary and alternative medicines in the management of metabolic syndromes, and on their reported antiviral, antithrombotic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory properties, which are integral to their usage in the management of viral infections and may give an avenue for prophylactic and therapeutics especially in the absence of vaccines/formulated antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Donovan McGrowder
- Department of Pathology, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Chukwuemeka Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Physiology Section), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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11
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Ghorbani L, Golkar P, Jafary R, Ahmadi M, Allafchian A. Phytochemicals, Essential Oils Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Astragalus spp., Phlomis olivieri and Daphne mucronata in Habitats of Central Iran. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300811. [PMID: 37566100 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated several secondary metabolites, essential oils (EOs) compositions, and antioxidant activity in four medicinal plants that originated in Isfahan rangelands. The species were Astragalus verus, Astragalus adscendens, Daphne mucronata, and Phlomis olivieri. Thirty-two genotypes of these species were evaluated for different biochemical traits. Based on the evaluation of EOs compounds, GC/MS analysis revealed the total number of identified compounds. These compounds were 25, 22, 12, and 22 for A. adscendens, A. verus, D. mucronata, and P. olivieri, respectively. The dominant compounds were phthalate (59.88 %) in A. adscendens, phytol (38.02 %) in A. verus, hexanoic acid (32.05 %) in D. mucronata and β-cubebene (30.94 %) in P. olivieri. Phytochemical analysis showed that D. mucronata, A. adscendens, and P. olivieri had the highest total phenolics content (TPC) (18.24 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight), total flavonoids content (5.57 mg QE/g DW), and total anthocyanins content (0.23 mg/g DW), respectively. The highest total chlorophyll (0.27 mg/g DW), total carotenoids (0.03 mg/g DW), and antioxidant activity (71.36 %) were observed in A. adscendens, A. adscendens and A. verus, respectively. Among all genotypes, the highest TPC (20.1 mg GAE/g DW) was observed in genotype 5 of D. mucronata. This study provided new information on the chemical compounds within the distribution range of these ecologically dominant rangeland species in Isfahan province, Iran. The data revealed that superior genotypes from these species are rich in natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Thus, they can be used in ethno pharmacological fields, food, and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ghorbani
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Pooran Golkar
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Reza Jafary
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ahmadi
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Alireza Allafchian
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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12
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Naik K, Singh P, Yadav M, Srivastava SK, Tripathi S, Ranjan R, Dhar P, Verma AK, Chaudhary S, Parmar AS. 3D printable, injectable amyloid-based composite hydrogel of bovine serum albumin and aloe vera for rapid diabetic wound healing. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8142-8158. [PMID: 37431285 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01151h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based biomaterials, particularly amyloids, have sparked considerable scientific interest in recent years due to their exceptional mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. In this work, we have synthesized a novel amyloid-based composite hydrogel consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and aloe vera (AV) gel to utilize the medicinal properties of the AV gel and circumvent its mechanical frangibility. The synthesized composite hydrogel demonstrated an excellent porous structure, self-fluorescence, non-toxicity, and controlled rheological properties. Moreover, this hydrogel possesses inherent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, which accelerate the rapid healing of wounds. The in vitro wound healing capabilities of the synthesized composite hydrogel were evaluated using 3T3 fibroblast cells. Moreover, the efficacy of the hydrogel in accelerating chronic wound healing via collagen crosslinking was investigated through in vivo experiments using a diabetic mouse skin model. The findings indicate that the composite hydrogel, when applied, promotes wound healing by inducing collagen deposition and upregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. We also demonstrate the feasibility of the 3D printing of the BSA-AV hydrogel, which can be tailored to treat various types of wound. The 3D printed hydrogel exhibits excellent shape fidelity and mechanical properties that can be utilized for personalized treatment and rapid chronic wound healing. Taken together, the BSA-AV hydrogel has great potential as a bio-ink in tissue engineering as a dermal substitute for customizable skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Naik
- Biophysics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Nanobiotech Lab, Kirorimal College, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
| | - Monika Yadav
- Nanobiotech Lab, Kirorimal College, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
| | - Saurabh Kr Srivastava
- Biophysics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Shikha Tripathi
- Biophysics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Rahul Ranjan
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Prodyut Dhar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Anita Kamra Verma
- Nanobiotech Lab, Kirorimal College, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
| | - Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Biophysics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
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13
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Endris Y, Mekonnen KD. Formulation of Neem Leaf and Croton Seed Essential Oils as a Natural Insecticide Tested on Mosquitoes and Cockroaches. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15052-15061. [PMID: 37151484 PMCID: PMC10157653 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils are highly aromatic plant oils utilized as a new insect control alternative to synthetic insecticides because of environmental concerns. As a result, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of essential oil extraction conditions on neem leaf and cotton seed, as well as to identify their chemical composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Moreover, both extracted oils were subjected to bioinsecticide formulation in individual as well as mixed forms, which were tested on mosquitoes and cockroaches using the conventional roach killer and a blank control as a comparison. The results revealed that the maximum yields of essential oils from neem leaf and croton seed were respectively 30.54 and 14.75%. The extraction process was greatly affected by the particle sizes because of the mass transfer limitation between solute-solvent interactions. The insecticidal evaluation showed that the blended form of essential oils at the 20% concentration has better efficiency than the individual oils, which accounted for 80% mosquito and 71.8% cockroach death rates within 4 h, whereas the synthetic roach killer completely killed all of the insects within the same time frame. Terpineol, α-terpinyl acetate, eucalyptol, and δ-cadinene are the active insecticidal compounds in neem leaf oil, whereas the active compounds of croton seed oil are epiglobulol, copaene, δ-cadinene, α-cubebene, and β-guaiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassin
A. Endris
- School
of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Kombolcha Institute of Technology-Wollo University, Wollo 208, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir D. Mekonnen
- School
of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Kombolcha Institute of Technology-Wollo University, Wollo 208, Ethiopia
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14
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Moomin A, Russell WR, Knott RM, Scobbie L, Mensah KB, Adu-Gyamfi PKT, Duthie SJ. Season, storage and extraction method impact on the phytochemical profile of Terminalia ivorensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:162. [PMID: 36964494 PMCID: PMC10039578 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminalia ivorensis (TI) is used in West African ethnomedicine for the treatment of conditions including ulcers, malaria and wounds. Despite its widespread use, the phytochemical profile of TI remains largely undetermined. This research investigated the effects of extraction method, season, and storage conditions on the phytochemical composition of TI to contribute towards understanding the potential benefits. METHODS TI bark was collected in September 2014, September 2018 and February 2018 during the rainy or dry seasons in Eastern Region, Ghana. Samples were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol) or using water (traditional). Metabolites were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and compared statistically by ANOVA. RESULTS A total of 82 different phytochemicals were identified across all samples. A greater yield of the major phytochemicals (44%, p < 0.05) was obtained by water as compared with organic extraction. There was also a higher concentration of metabolites present in cold (63%, p < 0.05) compared with hot water extraction. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of phytochemicals were identified from TI collected in the dry (85%) compared to the rainy season (69%). TI bark stored for four years retained 84% of the major phytochemicals. CONCLUSION This work provides important information on composition and how this is modified by growing conditions, storage and method of extraction informing progress on the development of TI as a prophylactic formulation or medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliu Moomin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ UK
- University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Foresterhill Campus, Ashgrove Road West, Scotland, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Wendy R. Russell
- University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Foresterhill Campus, Ashgrove Road West, Scotland, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Rachel M. Knott
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ UK
| | - Lorraine Scobbie
- University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Foresterhill Campus, Ashgrove Road West, Scotland, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Kwesi Boadu Mensah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Paa Kofi Tawiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Pentecost University College, Accra, Ghana
| | - Susan J. Duthie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ UK
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15
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Martins-Gomes C, Steck J, Keller J, Bunzel M, Santos JA, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activity of Thymus carnosus Extracts: A Three-Year Study on the Impact of Annual Variation and Geographic Location. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030668. [PMID: 36978915 PMCID: PMC10045533 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus carnosus Boiss. is a near-threatened species, and, as for many species, its potential for medicinal purposes may be lost if measures towards plant protection are not taken. A way of preserving these species is to increase knowledge about their medicinal properties and economic potential. Thus, with the objective of studying the potentiality of introducing T. carnosus as a crop, the stability of the phytochemical profile of T. carnosus was studied during a period of three years by comparing the phytochemical profile of extracts obtained from plants harvested in two different edaphoclimatic locations, as well as by comparing the respective bioactivities, namely, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiaging, and neuroprotective activities. It was reported, for the first time, the effect of annual variation and geographic location in the phytochemical composition of aqueous decoction and hydroethanolic extracts of T. carnosus. In addition, the presence of two salvianolic acid B/E isomers in T. carnosus extracts is here described for the first time. Despite the variations in phytochemical composition, according to harvesting location or year, T. carnosus extracts maintain high antioxidant activity, assessed by their capacity to scavenge ABTS•+, •OH , NO•, O2•- radicals, as well as to prevent β-carotene bleaching. All extracts presented significant potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tyrosinase, and α-glucosidase, denoting neuroprotective, anti-aging, and anti-diabetic potential. In conclusion, the vegetative stage and location of harvest are key factors to obtain the maximum potential of this species, namely, a phytochemical profile with health benefit bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jan Steck
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Judith Keller
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - João A Santos
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, ECVA, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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16
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Šola I, Davosir D, Kokić E, Zekirovski J. Effect of Hot- and Cold-Water Treatment on Broccoli Bioactive Compounds, Oxidative Stress Parameters and Biological Effects of Their Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1135. [PMID: 36903996 PMCID: PMC10005114 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to define resistant and susceptible variables of young broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. cymosa Duch.) plants treated with cold and hot water. Additionally, we wanted to single out variables that could potentially be used as biomarkers of cold/hot-water stress in broccoli. Hot water changed more variables (72%) of young broccoli than cold water (24%) treatment. Hot water increased the concentration of vitamin C for 33%, hydrogen peroxide for 10%, malondialdehyde for 28%, and proline for 147%. Extracts of broccoli stressed with hot water were significantly more efficient in the inhibition of α-glucosidase (65.85 ± 4.85% compared to 52.00 ± 5.16% of control plants), while those of cold-water-stressed broccoli were more efficient in the inhibition of α-amylase (19.85 ± 2.70% compared to 13.26 ± 2.36% of control plants). Total glucosinolates and soluble sugars were affected by hot and cold water in an opposite way, which is why they could be used as biomarkers of hot/cold-water stress in broccoli. The possibility of using temperature stress to grow broccoli enriched with compounds of interest to human health should be further investigated.
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17
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Electrochemical Characterization of the Antioxidant Properties of Medicinal Plants and Products: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052308. [PMID: 36903553 PMCID: PMC10004803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are an important source of bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of practically useful properties. Various types of antioxidants synthesized in plants are the reasons for their application in medicine, phytotherapy, and aromatherapy. Therefore, reliable, simple, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and rapid methods for the evaluation of antioxidant properties of medicinal plants and products on their basis are required. Electrochemical methods based on electron transfer reactions are promising tools to solve this problem. Total antioxidant parameters and individual antioxidant quantification can be achieved using suitable electrochemical techniques. The analytical capabilities of constant-current coulometry, potentiometry, various types of voltammetry, and chrono methods in the evaluation of total antioxidant parameters of medicinal plants and plant-derived products are presented. The advantages and limitations of methods in comparison to each other and traditional spectroscopic methods are discussed. The possibility to use electrochemical detection of the antioxidants via reactions with oxidants or radicals (N- and O-centered) in solution, with stable radicals immobilized on the electrode surface, via oxidation of antioxidants on a suitable electrode, allows the study of various mechanisms of antioxidant actions occurring in living systems. Attention is also paid to the individual or simultaneous electrochemical determination of antioxidants in medicinal plants using chemically modified electrodes.
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18
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Deora N, Venkatraman K. Lipase activity inhibited by aloenin A: Glycoside from Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.-In vitro and molecular docking studies. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3002. [PMID: 36495231 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is taking over many parts of the world and has been identified as the second leading cause of preventable death, with a dramatic increase in prevalence over the last two decades. Pancreatic lipase is a lipid-digesting enzyme that plays an important role in fat metabolism. Inhibiting pancreatic lipase is an attractive target for obesity treatment. Phytochemicals or bioactive compounds/extracts isolated from medicinal plants offer a promising platform for the development of pancreatic lipase inhibitors. This study aims to characterize and investigate the effect of aloenin A, glycoside found in Aloe vera, as a possible inhibitor of pancreatic lipase in vitro and in silico. A. vera extract had an IC50 value of 0.5472 μg/ml, whereas aloenin A had an IC50 value of 14.95 μg/mL and was found to inhibit in a competitive manner. These findings were supported by molecular docking studies, which revealed that aloenin A binds to the substrate binding site with a binding energy of - 7.16 kcal/mol, and this binding site is stabilized by three hydrogen bonds contributed by Phe77 and Asp79 . Our findings suggest that the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of A. vera on pancreatic lipase can be attributed in part to the presence of aloenin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Deora
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Venkatraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Martins-Gomes C, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Modulation of Cell Death Pathways for Cellular Protection and Anti-Tumoral Activity: The Role of Thymus spp. Extracts and Their Bioactive Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021691. [PMID: 36675206 PMCID: PMC9864824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products used for their health-promoting properties have accompanied the evolution of humanity. Nowadays, as an effort to scientifically validate the health-promoting effects described by traditional medicine, an ever-growing number of bioactivities are being described for natural products and the phytochemicals that constitute them. Among them, medicinal plants and more specifically the Thymus genus spp., arise as products already present in the diet and with high acceptance, that are a source of phytochemicals with high pharmacological value. Phenolic acids, flavonoid glycoside derivatives, and terpenoids from Thymus spp. have been described for their ability to modulate cell death and survival pathways, much-valued bioactivities in the pharmaceutical industry, that continually sought-after new formulations to prevent undesired cell death or to control cell proliferation. Among these, wound treatment, protection from endogenous/exogenous toxic molecules, or the induction of selective cell death, such as the search for new anti-tumoral agents, arise as main objectives. This review summarizes and discusses studies on Thymus spp., as well as on compounds present in their extracts, with regard to their health-promoting effects involving the modulation of cell death or survival signaling pathways. In addition, studies regarding the main bioactive molecules and their cellular molecular targets were also reviewed. Concerning cell survival and proliferation, Thymus spp. present themselves as an option for new formulations designed for wound healing and protection against chemicals-induced toxicity. However, Thymus spp. extracts and some of their compounds regulate cell death, presenting anti-tumoral activity. Therefore Thymus spp. is a rich source of compounds with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Lab, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, UTAD Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, UTAD Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Lab, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259-350-921
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20
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Sahin H, Ozkok A, Tanugur Samanci AE, Onder EY, Kolayli S. Identification of the Main Phenolic Markers in Turkish Pine Honeys and Their Biological Functions. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200835. [PMID: 36282115 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to identify the biological activity of Turkish pine honeys and the most abundant phenolic compound(s) to guide future studies to be done about this type of honey. Moreover, this will provide the chance to introduce Turkish pine honeys by elucidating a distinct parameter compared to other forms of honey reported in the literature. To this end, microscopic examination based on the number of honeydew elements (NHE) and the number of total pollen (NTP) grains was performed on 17 samples of pine honeys from the Aegean region of Turkey. Then 18 commonly-occurring phenolic standards were used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to examine the samples. Each sample was tested for individual phenolic compounds, as well as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). As shown by the numerical data, the values for NHE and NTP were 6600-144000 and 3000-75000, respectively. In addition, the general means of TPC, TFC, and FRAP values for the samples were 53.000 mg GAE/100 g fresh sample, 1.944 mg QE/100 g fresh sample, and 3.455 μmol FeSO4 /g fresh sample, respectively. Protocatechuic acid predominated with a range of 197.841-780.227 μg phenolic /100 g sample in all samples. According to the general mean for values detected in the samples, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and benzoic acid were the second and third markers for Turkish pine honey samples. It is believed that these results will help efforts to set standards for pine honey on a national and global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Sahin
- Espiye Vocational School, Giresun University, Espiye, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Asli Ozkok
- Bee and Bee Products Application and Research Center (HARUM), Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Elif Yorulmaz Onder
- SBS Bilimsel Bio Çözümler Inc. Bee&You Propolis R&D Center, 34775, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kolayli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Antibacterial activity of guava, moringa, camphor bush and pelargonium extracts against bacterial wilt ( Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum sp. nov.) of potato. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103438. [PMID: 36147778 PMCID: PMC9485197 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum sp. nov.) is a major disease devastating global potato production. Proposed management options are mostly expensive and ineffective. This has necessitated efforts to develop cheaper and eco-friendly management options such as use of botanicals. Antibacterial activity of ethanol and acetone plant extracts from guava (Psidium guajava), drumstick (Moringa oleifera), camphor bush (Tarchonanthus camphoratus) and pelargonium (Pelargonium zonale) against R. pseudosolanacearum sp. nov. was evaluated in-vitro at a concentration of 100 mg/mL of 1 % Dimethlysulfoxide (DMSO) using disk diffusion technique. The R. pseudosolanacearum sp. nov was isolated from infected haulms collected from potato growing field at the University of Nairobi. The most effective extracts were subjected to further screening at different concentrations to determine their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). All the four plant extracts showed varied antibacterial efficacy. P. zonale leaves extract was the most effective with growth inhibition zone of 18.73 mm and 18.60 mm for ethanol and acetone solvents respectively. The average of growth inhibition zones for each plant extract was not significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 among extraction solvents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results showed that antibacterial activity of P. zonale and P. guajava leaf started at 6.25 mg/mL with growth inhibition zones of 7.67 and 8.0 mm for ethanol and acetone solvents respectively. P. zonale and P. guajava leaf extracts exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity at p ≤ 0.05 compared to other extracts. Thus, further research should be conducted to assess their antibacterial potency against R. pseudosolanacearum sp. nov. both in-vivo and under field condition.
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Bairagi J, Saikia PJ, Boro F, Hazarika A. Fertility regulatory potential of Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre methanolic root extract in female albino mice: An insight into the phytochemicals present and role of the extract in contraception. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1623-1638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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A Comprehensive Study on the Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Aloe vera Plant Extract and Their Photocatalytic Activity against MB Dye. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7244006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the use of A. vera extract as a natural capping agent for TiO2 nanoparticles as well as a reducing agent for TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD, ultraviolet diffuse reflectance (UV-DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) were used to characterize the material. In their X-ray diffraction patterns, the titanium dioxide nanoparticles were found to have a high degree of crystallinity, indicating that they were synthesized. Infrared (FT-IR) spectra were used to determine the chemical composition of the plant extract. The DRS spectra in the UV-visible range reveal a high absorption peak at 356 nm, which indicates the existence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the sample. Shape of nanoparticles was revealed by SEM and TEM morphological investigations, which revealed their irregular and somewhat spherical nature. Only titanium and oxygen compounds were found in the EDX spectrum, indicating that they were present. This demonstrates that the NPs that were produced are devoid of contaminants. Using the produced nanoparticles as catalyst, we presented a photocatalytic degradation method for the dye methylene blue in this paper. The findings showed that 94 percent of the damage occurred within 120 minutes of being exposed to UV radiation.
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Phytochemical composition, enzyme inhibitory potential, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Pisonia grandis R.Br. (lettuce tree) leaves. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Reinaldo RCPDS, Santoro FR, Albuquerque UP, de Medeiros PM. Taste and chemical composition as drives for utilitarian redundancy and equivalence: a case study in local medical systems in Northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:4. [PMID: 35078497 PMCID: PMC8787910 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to verify whether the taste and chemical composition influence the selection of plants in each medicinal category, whether within a socio-ecological system or between different socio-ecological systems. To this end, we use the theoretical bases of the Utilitarian Redundancy Model and the Utilitarian Equivalence Model. We studied the local medical systems of four rural communities in northeastern Brazil, used as models to test our assumptions. METHODS The data on medicinal plants and local therapeutic function were obtained from semi-structured interviews associated with the free-listing method, allowing to generate indexes of similarity of therapeutic use between the plants cited in each region. During the interviews, each informer was also asked to report the tastes of the plants cited. Subsequently, we classified each plant in each region according to the most cited taste. The data about the chemical composition of each plant were obtained from a systematic review, using Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases. RESULTS Pairs of plants with similar tastes are 1.46 times more likely to have the same therapeutic function within a local medical system (redundancy), but not between medical systems (equivalence). We also find that chemical compounds are not primarily responsible for utilitarian redundancy and equivalence. However, there was a tendency for alkaloids to be doubly present with greater expressiveness in pairs of equivalent plants. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that each social group can create its means of using the organoleptic characteristics as clues to select new species as medicinal. Furthermore, this study corroborates the main prediction of the Utilitarian Equivalence Model, that people in different environments choose plants with traits in common for the same functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Corrêa Prota Dos Santos Reinaldo
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Rosa Santoro
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil.
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Costanzo G, Vitale E, Iesce MR, Naviglio D, Amoresano A, Fontanarosa C, Spinelli M, Ciaravolo M, Arena C. Antioxidant Properties of Pulp, Peel and Seeds of Phlegrean Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) at Different Stages of Fruit Ripening. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020187. [PMID: 35204071 PMCID: PMC8868052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we assess the potential of waste products of Phlegrean mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), namely seeds and peel, to be reutilized as a source of bioactive compounds beneficial for the human diet. Starting from the evidence that the by-products of this specific cultivar are the most powerful sources of antioxidants compared to pulp, we have investigated if and how the bioactive compounds in peel and seeds may be affected by fruit ripening. Three stages of fruit ripening have been considered in our study: unripe fruits = UF, semi-ripe fruits = SRF, ripe fruits = RF. The overall results indicated that RF showed the highest concentration of antioxidants. Among fruit components, peel was the richest in total antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol content, total flavonoids, total chlorophylls and carotenoids, while seeds exhibited the highest concentration of total condensed tannins and ascorbic acid. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay indicates the occurrence, in peel extracts, of 28 phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids (FLs); in seeds, 34 derivatives were present in the first stage (UF), which diminish to 24 during the ripening process. Our data indicated that the content of phytochemicals in citrus strongly varies among the fruit components and depends on the ripening stage. The higher antioxidant activity of peel and seeds, especially in RF, encourage a potential use of by-products of this specific citrus cultivar for industrial or pharmacological applications. However, to maximize the occurrence of desired bioactive compounds, it is important also to consider the ripening stage at which fruits must be collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Iesce
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.R.I.); (D.N.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Daniele Naviglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.R.I.); (D.N.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.R.I.); (D.N.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Carolina Fontanarosa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.R.I.); (D.N.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Spinelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.R.I.); (D.N.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Martina Ciaravolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.R.I.); (D.N.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.C.); (E.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.); Tel.: +39-081-679-173
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Comparative Study of Abiotic Stress Factors on GC-MS-Detected Phytoconstituents of Aloe greatheadii var: davyana Using Heat Map and Hierarchical Clustering Dendrogram. Biochem Res Int 2022; 2022:5365024. [PMID: 35036008 PMCID: PMC8754611 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5365024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe greatheadii var. davyana or spotted aloe is indigenous to South Africa and widely distributed in the northern provinces. The plant has a vast ethnopharmacological application which is mostly attributed to its phytochemical content. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of abiotic stress factors on the plant's phytochemical content. The phytochemical content of A. greatheadii hexane extracts from four different provinces (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, and North West), harvested from the wild at varied altitudes, rainfall patterns, and soil types, was examined using gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS). The phytochemical content of hexane extracts from the four South African provinces was analysed using heat map analysis and hierarchical clustering dendrogram. The phytochemical content of A. greatheadii hexane extracts was composed of fatty acids, alkanes, benzene, carboxylic acids, ketones, phytosterols, and vitamins. Eicosane, henicosane, and [(2S)-2-[(2R)-4-hexadecanoyloxy-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] hexadecanoate were the only compounds detected in all samples from the four provinces. The concentration levels of 2-(((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)carbonyl) benzoic acid, beta-sitosterol, tritetracontane, and ethyl 13-methyltetradecanoate were closely related and expressed a low clustering distance amongst the samples. Variations in soil pH, soil type, and rainfall patterns were detected and differed in the four provinces. The different abiotic stress factors affected the biochemical pathways for the different compounds, with conditions in Gauteng being less favourable for many of the compounds detected. Abiotic stress factors have shown to influence phytochemical biochemical pathways and quantity. Aloe greatheadii plants can be selected based on location seemingly due to the variations that persist in their phytochemical content.
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Dash SS, Banerjee J, Samanta S, Giri B, Dash SK. Microwave-Assisted Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Utilizing Seed Extract of Areca catechu with Antioxidant Potency and Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy Against Multidrug Resistant Pathogenic Bacterial Strains. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Keskin Çavdar H, Yıldırım Zİ, Fadıloğlu S. Evaluation of the effect of geographical origin and extraction solvents on bioactive and antioxidative properties of Inula viscosa L. grown in Turkey by chemometric approach. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jayasinghe SL, Kumar L, Kaliyadasa E. The future of high-quality Ceylon tea seems bleak in the face of climate change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1629-1646. [PMID: 33782787 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactive effects and relationships between biochemical elements of tea leaves and the related factors, particularly climatic, cultivar, and geographic, is key for high-quality Ceylon tea production. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the effects of season × cultivar × agro-ecological regions (AERs) on the four tested biochemicals in fresh tea leaves, total polyphenol content (TPC), free sugar, protein, and theanine; (2) determine the relationships between, and develop a model to estimate, the biochemicals and their related factors; and (3) project the potential concentrations and distributions of four tested biochemicals in tea leaves with respect to the current and future climate. This study primarily uses inferential statistics via the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), cross-validation using R software, and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) approach in ArcGIS. The results demonstrate that the season, cultivar (Ceylon tea cultivars of TRI 2025 and TRI 4053), and AER and their interactions on biochemicals have significant effects (p < 0.05). The models derived in the regression analysis demonstrate the strong relationships between the independent variables and the biochemicals, with multiple correlation coefficients (R) around 0.8 and coefficient of determination (R2) around 0.6. The low standard deviation of error of prediction (SDEP < 0.1) and the high correlation coefficient of leave-one-out cross-validation (Q2) for all four biochemicals ranged from 0.56 to 0.61, which signifies the predictive ability of the models. The future projections show a considerable increase in the thresholds of all tested biochemicals. The distribution category with 'very high' concentrations of TPC and theanine is predicted to increase in the future by averages of 10% and 14%, respectively, while reducing the classes of protein and free sugar by 14% and 12%, respectively. Overall, the changing concentrations of the thresholds of relevant biochemicals and their distribution will negatively affect the final quality of tea, and these variations indicate that climate change has started to diminish Ceylon tea quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeeka Layomi Jayasinghe
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
- Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Passara Road, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Lalit Kumar
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Ewon Kaliyadasa
- Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Passara Road, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka
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Gayathri S, Chandrashekar H R, Fayaz S M. Phytotherapeutics Against Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanism, Molecular Targets and Challenges for Drug Development. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:409-426. [PMID: 34544351 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210920120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is inflating worldwide and is combatted by only a few approved drugs. At best, these drugs treat symptomatic conditions by targeting cholinesterase and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Most of the clinical trials in progress are focused to develop disease-modifying agents that aim single targets. The 'one drug-one target' approach is failing in the case of Alzheimer's disease due to its labyrinth etiopathogenesis. Traditional medicinal systems like ayurveda uses a holistic approach encompassing legion of medicinal plants exhibiting multimodal activity. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have catapulted the research in the arena of ayurveda, specifically in identifying plants with potent anti-Alzheimer's disease properties and their phytochemical characterization. Nonetheless, clinical trials of very few herbal medicines are in progress. This review is a compendium of Indian plants and ayurvedic medicines against Alzheimer's disease and their paraphernalia. A record of 230 plants that are found in India with anti-Alzheimer's disease potential and about 500 phytochemicals from medicinal plants has been solicited with the hope of exploring the unexplored. Further, the molecular targets of phytochemicals isolated from commonly used medicinal plants such as Acorus calamus, Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera have been reviewed with respect to their multidimensional property such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aggregation, synaptic plasticity modulation, cognition and memory enhancing activity. In addition, the strengths, and challenges in ayurvedic medicine that limit its use as mainstream therapy is discussed and a framework for the development of herbal medicine has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri S
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar H
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Fayaz S M
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
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Leitgeb M, Kupnik K, Knez Ž, Primožič M. Enzymatic and Antimicrobial Activity of Biologically Active Samples from Aloe arborescens and Aloe barbadensis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080765. [PMID: 34439997 PMCID: PMC8389549 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major threats to public health, and additional concerns are reduced efficacy and increased toxicity of synthetically derived drugs. Hence, it is all the more important to research new antimicrobials derived from natural sources. Aloe spp. have long been acknowledged in traditional medicine, as their ability of treating skin and digestive problems, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and other promising properties are known. This study presents the content of various bioactive substances in samples of two Aloe spp., Aloe arborescens and Aloe barbadensis, and their enzymatic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Obtained bioactive compounds with antimicrobial effect have a huge potential to inhibit the growth of microorganisms that are extremely susceptible to gaining resistance and could be used in versatile applications in the cosmetics, food, medical and pharmaceutical industries. Abstract Recently, the use of Aloe species has become very widespread. These are extensively used as a nutraceutical in a variety of health care products and food supplements. In addition, the occurrence of the quickly adaptable microorganisms, particularly bacteria, which can develop resistance to antibiotics, is a major problem for public health, and therefore, it is necessary to search for new antimicrobials. In our study, the content of total phenols, proanthocyanidins, and proteins in fresh and lyophilized samples of A. arborescens and A. barbadensis and their ethanol extracts was investigated. Furthermore, enzymatic and antioxidant activity of samples were studied. Since antimicrobial activity of fresh samples was determined in our latest research, a more detailed study of antimicrobial effectiveness of A. arborescens and A. barbadensis (lyophilized, extracts) was performed. Ethanol extracts in particular contain higher concentrations of bioactive substances and show the topmost antioxidant activity. The novelty of the study refers to the observation of industrially important enzyme activities such as α-amylase, cellulase, lipase, peroxidase, protease, and transglutaminase in the samples as well as the microbial growth inhibition rates determination (MGIR) at different concentrations of added aloe samples. All samples inhibited the growth of all tested microbial cells. MIC90 for A. arborescens and A. barbadensis were also determined in case of B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, and S. aureus. The results of our study tend to give credence to the popular use of both aloes in medicine and in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Leitgeb
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.K.); (Ž.K.); (M.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-2-2294-462
| | - Kaja Kupnik
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.K.); (Ž.K.); (M.P.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.K.); (Ž.K.); (M.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Primožič
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (K.K.); (Ž.K.); (M.P.)
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Chakraborty T, Gupta S, Nair A, Chauhan S, Saini V. Wound healing potential of insulin-loaded nanoemulsion with Aloe vera gel in diabetic rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Nalimu F, Oloro J, Kahwa I, Ogwang PE. Review on the phytochemistry and toxicological profiles of Aloe vera and Aloe ferox. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:145. [PMID: 34307697 PMCID: PMC8294304 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aloe vera and Aloe ferox have over the years been among the most sought-after Aloe species in the treatment of ailments worldwide. This review provides categorized literature on the phytochemical and scientifically proven toxicological profiles of A. vera and A. ferox to facilitate their exploitation in therapy. Main body of the abstract Original full-text research articles were searched in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Research gate, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library using specific phrases. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and anthraquinones were the main phytochemical classes present in all the two Aloe species. Most of the phytochemical investigations and toxicity studies have been done on the leaves. Aloe vera and Aloe ferox contain unique phytoconstituents including anthraquinones, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, alkaloids, and volatile oils. Aloe vera hydroalcoholic leaf extract showed a toxic effect on Kabir chicks at the highest doses. The methanolic, aqueous, and supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of A. vera leaf gel were associated with no toxic effects. The aqueous leaf extract of A. ferox is well tolerated for short-term management of ailments but long-term administration may be associated with organ toxicity. Long-term administration of the preparations from A. vera leaves and roots was associated with toxic effects. Short conclusion This review provides beneficial information about the phytochemistry and toxicity of A. vera and A. ferox and their potential in the treatment of COVID-19 which up to date has no definite cure. Clinical trials need to be carried out to clearly understand the toxic effects of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Nalimu
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Centre of Excellence, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Joseph Oloro
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Centre of Excellence, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Ivan Kahwa
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Centre of Excellence, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Patrick Engeu Ogwang
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Centre of Excellence, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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The Influence of Locality on Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Bud Extracts. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071608. [PMID: 34359478 PMCID: PMC8306517 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemmotherapy represents the most recent therapeutic technique that uses the properties of extracts from fresh meristematic plant tissues, mainly buds and sprouts, by macerating them in ethanol and glycerol. The harvesting time and the location can significantly affect the chemical composition of the buds. Therefore, this work aimed to point out the possible variability in the phenolic content and the antioxidant potential of extracts prepared from commonly grown trees in the Czech Republic. Extracts from buds collected during autumn and spring in three different localities were analysed using UHPLC-MS (ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography) for the phenols profile. Five tests assays were used for the evaluation of the extract antioxidant potential. The sampling time positively affected the content of total phenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. The increased levels of total phenols and flavonoids in localities with high and medium pollution may be the result of the higher levels of NO and SO2, the main air pollutants. However, surprisingly, the content of phenolic acid showed the highest values in the area with the lowest pollution. The results of antioxidant tests did not completely correlate with the levels of phenolic metabolites, which may be due to the involvement of other active molecules (e.g., ascorbate, tocopherol, or proline) in the antioxidant machinery.
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Intraspecific Variation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Albizia coriaria Leaves from Some Agroecological Zones of Uganda. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2335454. [PMID: 34221068 PMCID: PMC8221850 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2335454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Albizia coriaria Welw ex. Oliver is a customary African medicinal plant, which has a long history of utilization in the management of oxidative stress-induced and bacterial diseases. However, there is no report on the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of its leaves. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial potential of A. coriaria leaves from Jinja, Kole, and Mbarara districts of Uganda. Shade-dried leaf samples were ground into powder and successively extracted with ethyl acetate, ethanol, and distilled water. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and terpenes as the major secondary metabolites in the extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total in vitro antioxidant activity were found to be the highest for ethanolic extracts, with the highest contents (101.72 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g DW; 13.23 ± 0.03 mg QE/g DW) and antioxidant potential (IC50 = 18.65 ± 0.06 mg/mL) being for leaves from Mbarara district. Antibacterial activity of the extracts determined by agar disc diffusion method revealed that ethanolic extracts had higher antibacterial activities with mean zones of inhibition of 6.00 ± 1.73 to 10.00 ± 1.73 mm, 5.00 ± 1.00 to 12.30 ± 1.53 mm, 17.00 ± 0.00 to 25.00 ± 2.65 mm, and 9.00 ± 1.73 to 16.00 ± 1.73 mm for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi, respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts of A. coriaria leaves from Kole and Mbarara had lower antibacterial activities, while aqueous extracts and ethyl acetate extract of leaves from Jinja showed no antibacterial activity. The current study for the first time established that A. coriaria leaves possess therapeutic phytochemicals with significant in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which lend credence to their use in traditional management of oxidative stress-induced conditions and bacterial diseases in Uganda. Structural elucidation of the responsible pure compounds for the observed bioactivities as well as toxicity studies of the extracts is recommended.
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Adhikari L, Kotiyal R, Pandey M, Bharkatiya M, Sematy A, Semalty M. Effect of Geographical Location and Type of Extract on Total Phenol/Flavon Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Different Fruits Extracts of Withania somnifera. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 17:92-99. [PMID: 30084332 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180807100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Withania somnifera (family solanaceae) is a well-investigated medicinal plant which is also called Indian ginseng due to its wide spectrum of medicinal properties. The contents and activity of the plant may vary depending on the habitat and part of the plant and the solvent used for extraction. The present study deals with the comparative chemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic fruits extracts and its subfractions (in ethyl acetate, butanol and water) of W. somnifera collected from two different geographical locations. METHODS In the present study, Withania somnifera fruits were collected from two different geographical locations (Uttarakhand and Rajasthan). The different fruit extracts were prepared and studied for total phenolic contents and total flavone contents. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and peroxide scavenging assay. RESULTS Methanol extract of W. somnifera Uttarakhand and ethyl acetate subfraction of W. somnifera Rajasthan showed the highest amount of Total Phenolic Contents (TPC). In W. somnifera Uttarakhand, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest amount of Total flavonoids while in W. somnifera Rajasthan, methanol extract was found to be the richest in flavonoids. Methanolic extract of W. somnifera Uttarakhand showed the highest free radical scavenging activity while in W. somnifera Rajasthan, the highest antioxidant activity was shown by the methanolic extract followed by butanolic extract, water extract and then ethyl acetate. In the peroxide scavenging assay of antioxidant activity, water extract of W. somnifera Uttarakhand showed the highest activity, while in W. somnifera Rajasthan, ethyl acetate extract showed highest scavenging activity. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the geographical location exerts a vital effect on the presence of active constituents and also on the antioxidant potential of W. somnifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar (Garhwal), India
| | - Rupali Kotiyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar (Garhwal), India
| | - Mukesh Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar (Garhwal), India
| | - Meenakshi Bharkatiya
- B.N. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, B.N. University, Udaipur, (Raj.), India
| | - Ajay Sematy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar (Garhwal), India
| | - Mona Semalty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar (Garhwal), India
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Chowdhury T, Chowdhury MAH, Qingyue W, Enyoh CE, Wang W, Khan MSI. Nutrient uptake and pharmaceutical compounds of Aloe vera as influenced by integration of inorganic fertilizer and poultry manure in soil. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07464. [PMID: 34278036 PMCID: PMC8264604 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera had been used for numerous medical and cosmetic applications since ancient times. The study aimed to investigate the integrated effects of inorganic fertilizer (IF) and poultry manure (PM) on the nutritional and pharmaceutical constituents of A. vera. Eighteen month old A. vera seedlings were used following completely randomized design with three replications. Six combinations of IF [Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) at the rate of 150, 80, 120 and 30 kg ha-1, respectively] and PM (at the rate of 5 t ha-1) were considered viz., IF00PM00 (IF = 0%, PM = 0%), IF100PM00(IF = 100%, PM = 0%), IF75PM25 (IF = 75%, PM = 25%), IF50PM50 (IF = 50%, PM = 50%), IF25PM75 (IF = 25%, PM = 75%) and IF00PM100 (IF = 0%, PM = 100%) as treatments. Different treatment combinations of IF and PM exerted significant influence on the nutritional and pharmaceutical contents of A. vera. Concentrations and uptake of the concerned nutrients were gradually increased with the increased levels of PM except NPKS which were highest in sole application of IF. The aloin concentration of leaf was gradually increased with the increased level of PM and by 42.44% over control. The highest chlorophyll, total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations were found in the plants receiving the treatment IF25PM75 except protein content which was obtained from IF100PM00. Significant and positive relationships between N and S with P concentrations and P and S with K concentrations of A. vera leaf were noticed. Aloin, total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations of A. vera leaf. Farmers may be advised to cultivate A. vera applying 75% PM at the rate of 5 t ha-1 along with 25% IF (N, P, K and S at the rate of 150, 80, 120 and 30 kg ha-1, respectively) for obtaining better quality leaf in terms of nutrients and pharmaceutical compounds under the agro-climatic conditions of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzin Chowdhury
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Wang Qingyue
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Christian Ebere Enyoh
- Group Research in Analytical Chemistry, Environment and Climate Change (GRACE & CC), Department of Chemistry, Imo State University, Nigeria
| | - Weiqian Wang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Md. Sirajul Islam Khan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Hairy Roots of Scutellaria spp. ( Lamiaceae) as Promising Producers of Antiviral Flavones. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133927. [PMID: 34199058 PMCID: PMC8271535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We measured and studied the growth parameters and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the flavones of hairy roots of the Scutellaria genus: S. lateriflora, S. przewalskii and S. pycnoclada. Hairy roots were obtained using wild-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 by co-cultivation of explants (cotyledons) in a suspension of Agrobacterium. The presence of the rol-genes was confirmed by PCR analysis. The hairy roots of the most studied plant from the Scutellaria genus, S. baicalensis, were obtained earlier and used as a reference sample. HPLC-MS showed the predominance of four main flavones (baicalin, baicalein, wogonin and wogonoside) in the methanol extracts of the studied hairy roots. In addition to the four main flavones, the other substances which are typical to the aerial part of plants were found in all the extracts: apigenin, apigetrin, scutellarin and chrysin-7-O-β-d-glucuronide. According to the total content of flavones, the hairy roots of the studied skullcaps form the following series: S. przewalskii (33 mg/g dry weight) > S. baicalensis (17.04 mg/g dry weight) > S. pycnoclada (12.9 mg/g dry weight) > S. lateriflora (4.57 mg/g dry weight). Therefore, the most promising producer of anti-coronavirus flavones is S. przewalskii.
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Recent development in the green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using plant-based biomolecules for environmental and antimicrobial applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Elmi A, Mohamed Abdoul-Latif F, Spina R, Dupire F, Philippot S, Marie-France C, Jacobs H, Laurain-Mattar D. Aloe djiboutiensis: Antioxidant Activity, Molecular Networking-Based Approach and In Vivo Toxicity of This Endemic Species in Djibouti. Molecules 2021; 26:3046. [PMID: 34065292 PMCID: PMC8161010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, the study of the antioxidant activity, the characterization of the phytoconstituants, and the evaluation of in vitro and in vivo toxicity of A. djiboutiensis leave and latex are performed. The antioxidant activity of both latex (ADL) and the methanolic extract of leaves (ADM) is determined using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) scavenging radical methods and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The phytochemical study of latex is done using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and a molecular networking-based approach. The evaluation of in vivo toxicity is performed on mice by oral gavage with a suspension of ADL. Our results show that weak antioxidant activity of ADL and ADM in opposition to their high polyphenol, 83.01 mg and 46.4 mg expressed in gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dry weight (DW), respectively, and flavonoid contents 13.12 mg and 4.25 mg expressed in quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dry weight (DW), respectively. Using the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) website, nine (9) anthraquinones derivatives, ten (10) chromones derivatives, two (2) flavonols/ chromones isomers are annotated in the molecular network. The treated mice do not display abnormalities in their general physical appearance and biochemistry parameters, compared to the controls. Only glucose and calcium levels are slightly higher in male treated mice compared to the vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdirahman Elmi
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, 54000 Nancy, France; (A.E.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (S.P.)
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche de Djibouti, Medicinal Research Institute, IRM-CERD, Route de l’Aéroport, Haramous B.P. 486, Djibouti City, Djibouti;
| | - Fatouma Mohamed Abdoul-Latif
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche de Djibouti, Medicinal Research Institute, IRM-CERD, Route de l’Aéroport, Haramous B.P. 486, Djibouti City, Djibouti;
| | - Rosella Spina
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, 54000 Nancy, France; (A.E.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (S.P.)
| | - François Dupire
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, 54000 Nancy, France; (A.E.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Stéphanie Philippot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, 54000 Nancy, France; (A.E.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Champy Marie-France
- PHENOMIN-ICS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; (C.M.-F.); (H.J.)
| | - Hugues Jacobs
- PHENOMIN-ICS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; (C.M.-F.); (H.J.)
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Abstract
To cope with environmental challenges, plants produce a wide diversity of phytochemicals, which are also the source of numerous medicines. Despite decades of research in chemical ecology, we still lack an understanding of the organization of plant chemical diversity across species and ecosystems. To address this challenge, we hypothesized that molecular diversity is not only related to species diversity, but also constrained by trophic, climatic, and topographical factors. We screened the metabolome of 416 vascular plant species encompassing the entire alpine elevation range and four alpine bioclimatic regions in order to characterize their phytochemical diversity. We show that by coupling phylogenetic information, topographic, edaphic, and climatic variables, we predict phytochemical diversity, and its inherent composition, of plant communities throughout landscape. Spatial mapping of phytochemical diversity further revealed that plant assemblages found in low to midelevation habitats, with more alkaline soils, possessed greater phytochemical diversity, whereas alpine habitats possessed higher phytochemical endemism. Altogether, we present a general tool that can be used for predicting hotspots of phytochemical diversity in the landscape, independently of plant species taxonomic identity. Such an approach offers promising perspectives in both drug discovery programs and conservation efforts worldwide.
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Shah SS, Qasem MAA, Berni R, Del Casino C, Cai G, Contal S, Ahmad I, Siddiqui KS, Gatti E, Predieri S, Hausman JF, Cambier S, Guerriero G, Aziz MA. Physico-chemical properties and toxicological effects on plant and algal models of carbon nanosheets from a nettle fibre clone. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6945. [PMID: 33767326 PMCID: PMC7994820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanosheets are two-dimensional nanostructured materials that have applications as energy storage devices, electrochemical sensors, sample supports, filtration membranes, thanks to their high porosity and surface area. Here, for the first time, carbon nanosheets have been prepared from the stems and leaves of a nettle fibre clone, by using a cheap and straight-forward procedure that can be easily scaled up. The nanomaterial shows interesting physical parameters, namely interconnectivity of pores, graphitization, surface area and pore width. These characteristics are similar to those described for the nanomaterials obtained from other fibre crops. However, the advantage of nettle over other plants is its fast growth and easy propagation of homogeneous material using stem cuttings. This last aspect guarantees homogeneity of the starting raw material, a feature that is sought-after to get a nanomaterial with homogeneous and reproducible properties. To evaluate the potential toxic effects if released in the environment, an assessment of the impact on plant reproduction performance and microalgal growth has been carried out by using tobacco pollen cells and the green microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. No inhibitory effects on pollen germination are recorded, while algal growth inhibition is observed at higher concentrations of leaf carbon nanosheets with lower graphitization degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shaheen Shah
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ameen Ahmed Qasem
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Berni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Del Casino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Servane Contal
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Life Sciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawar Sohail Siddiqui
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (BABS), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Edoardo Gatti
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101-I, I-40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Predieri
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101-I, I-40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, 4940, Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, 4940, Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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Kibar H, Temizel KE. Kinetics of temperature and time effects on bioactive compounds and technological properties of quinoa varieties during storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Kibar
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Bolu Turkey
| | - Kadir Ersin Temizel
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture Ondokuz Mayıs University Samsun Turkey
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Phytotoxic Potential and Phenolic Profile of Extracts from Scrophularia striata. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010135. [PMID: 33440883 PMCID: PMC7827524 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A large number of plants produce secondary metabolites known as allelochemicals that are capable of inhibiting the germination of competitive species. This process is known as allelopathy and is mediated by several classes of chemicals, among which phenolic compounds are the most frequent. Thus, plant allelochemicals can be used to control weeds in agricultural systems. In the present work, we analyzed the phenolic profile and phytotoxic potential of different extracts (pure water or water: ethanol 50:50) from Scrophulariastriata plants that were collected from two ecological regions in Iran (Pahleh and Lizan). The total polyphenolic content (TPC), as evaluated by the Folin-Ciocolteau method, ranged from 28.3 mg/g in the aqueous extract obtained from the Lizan ecotype to 39.6 mg/g in the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the Pahleh ecotype. Moreover, HPLC analysis was aimed at determining the content of eight phenolic compounds, namely eugenol, rosmarinic acid, hesperetin, hesperedin, trans-ferulic acid, vanillin, and caffeic acid. According to the results, rosmarinic acid appeared to be the most abundant component. The phytotoxic activities of S.striata extracts were examined on the seed germination of a crop species, Lepidium sativum, and two weeds, Chenopodium album and Malva sylvestris. All extracts showed inhibitory effects on these species. The efficiency of these inhibitory effects depended on the type of plant species, origin, and concentration of extract. The highest phytotoxic activity was caused by approximately 1% concentration of extract. The most susceptible weed was M. sylvestris. The extracts that were obtained from the Pahleh ecotype, notably the hydroalcoholic ones, showed higher phytotoxicity against L. sativum, C. album and M. sylvestris. These results encourage further studies to support the use of S. striata as a source of bioherbicides.
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Aldayel TS, Alshammari GM, Omar UM, Grace MH, Lila MA, Yahya MA. Hypoglycaemic, insulin releasing, and hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Aloe perryi Baker resin (Socotran Aloe) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1855859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahany Saleh Aldayel
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulfat Mohammed Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University; Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary H. Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mohammed A. Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kaptaner İğci B, Aytaç Z. An Investigation on the In Vitro Wound Healing Activity and Phytochemical Composition of Hypericum pseudolaeve N. Robson Growing in Turkey. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:610-619. [PMID: 33389950 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.80037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro wound healing effects of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of Hypericum pseudolaeve N. Robson obtained by two different methods as well as its cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and selected phytochemical constituents. Materials and Methods Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured using spectrophotometry-based methods. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts on L929 mouse fibroblast cells were evaluated by and 2h-tetrazolium,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Moreover, migration and spreading of the treated fibroblast cells were assessed by cell scratch assay as an in vitro wound healing model. In addition, the chemical content of the species was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The results of the cytotoxicity assay indicated that the methanolic and aqueous extract did not have any cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells at concentrations up to 500 μg/mL. Fibroblast migration was significantly increased by 62 μg/mL concentration of the aqueous extracts compared to the negative control. The extracts showed good antioxidant activity and 16 phytochemical compounds were detected by HPLC, with the highest amount for epicatechin. Conclusion The results showed that Hypericum pseudolaeve extracts have wound healing potential and contain several important antioxidant phenolic compounds. This species deserves further investigation aiming to isolate and identify the active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeki Aytaç
- Gazi University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
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Shen F, Ge C, Yuan P. Aloe-emodin induces autophagy and apoptotic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer cells via Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ghazali AR, Muralitharan RV, Soon CK, Salyam T, Ahmad Maulana NN, Mohamed Thaha UAB, Mohamad Halim R, Suhaifi S, Md Khalid MH, Ahmad AH, Kofli NT. Viability and Antioxidant Effects of Traditional Cooling Rice Powder (bedak sejuk) Made from Oryza sativa ssp. Indica and Oryza sativa ssp. japonica on UVB-Induced B164A5 Melanoma Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3381-3386. [PMID: 33247699 PMCID: PMC8033139 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.11.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional cooling rice powder (bedak sejuk) is a fermented rice-based cosmetic that is applied topically on one's skin, as an overnight facial mask. According to user testimonies, bedak sejuk beautifies and whitens skin, whereby these benefits could be utilised as a potential melanoma chemopreventive agent. OBJECTIVE Hence, this study aimed to determine the effects of bedak sejuk made from Oryza sativa ssp. indica (Indica) and Oryza sativa ssp. japonica (Japonica) on UVB-induced B164A5 melanoma cells, and also identify the antioxidant capacities of both types of bedak sejuk. METHODS The optimum dose of Indica and Japonica bedak sejuk to treat the cells was determined via the MTT assay. Then, the antioxidant capacities of both types of bedak sejuk were determined using the FRAP assay. RESULTS From the MTT assay, it was found that Indica and Japonica bedak sejuk showed no cytotoxic effects towards the cells. Hence, no IC50 can be obtained and two of the higher doses, 50 and 100 g/L were chosen for treatment. In the FRAP assay, Indica bedak sejuk at 50 and 100 g/L showed FRAP values of 0.003 ± 0.001 μg AA (ascorbic acid)/g of bedak sejuk and 0.004 ± 0.0003 μg AA/g of bedak sejuk. Whereas Japonica bedak sejuk at 50 g/L had the same FRAP value as Indica bedak sejuk at 100 g/L. As for Japonica bedak sejuk at 100 g/L, it showed the highest antioxidant capacity with the FRAP value of 0.01 ± 0.0007 μg AA/g of bedak sejuk which was statistically significant (p < 0.05) when compared to other tested concentrations. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Japonica bedak sejuk has a higher antioxidant capacity compared to Indica bedak sejuk despite both being not cytotoxic towards the cells. Regardless, further investigations need to be done before bedak sejuk could be developed as potential melanoma chemoprevention agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rohi Ghazali
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raveena Vaidheswary Muralitharan
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chan Kam Soon
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tharsini Salyam
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Najihah Ahmad Maulana
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ummul Aqeela Balqees Mohamed Thaha
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rasyidah Mohamad Halim
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sajidah Suhaifi
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Haziq Md Khalid
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adibah Hanis Ahmad
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorhisham Tan Kofli
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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