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Arc-Chagnaud C, Dupuy O, Garcia M, Bosquet L, Bouzigon R, Pla R, Dugué B. Effects of repeated cryostimulation exposures on sleep and wellness in healthy young adults. Cryobiology 2024; 117:104948. [PMID: 39098451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of daily whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) sessions during 5 consecutive days on wellness and sleep parameters in healthy young men and women. Twenty healthy subjects (9 women; 11 men) aged 23.1 ± 2.6 years old participated in this randomized protocol, with 5 consecutive days with (CRYO) or without WBC (CONT) exposure. Sleep was analyzed over the 5 nights in each condition. Sleep quality and quantity were assessed via actimetry, cerebral activity and questionnaires. Nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) was also recorded and questionnaires were given to assess wellness and mood. Repeated WBC exposures had a beneficial impact on mood and anxiety. It also improved subjective sleep quality (scored from 3.6 ± 0.5 pre to 3.9 ± 0.3), especially in women. Also, repeated WBC sessions modulated sleep architecture by increasing slow wave sleep duration (+7.3 ± 16.8 min) during the nights without impacting other sleep parameters, nor nocturnal HRV. In conclusion, repeated WBC seems to be an effective strategy to improve slow wave sleep duration in healthy young subjects. The reported psychological improvements may better benefit women than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Arc-Chagnaud
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire MOVE (UR 20296), faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire MOVE (UR 20296), faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France; École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique (EKSAP), Faculté de Médecine. Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Manuela Garcia
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire MOVE (UR 20296), faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France
| | - Laurent Bosquet
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire MOVE (UR 20296), faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France
| | - Romain Bouzigon
- Société Inside the Athletes 3.0, Besançon, France; Université de Franche-Comté, UFR STAPS Besançon, Laboratoire C3S (EA4660), Axe Sport Performance, Besançon, France
| | - Robin Pla
- Fédération Française de Natation, France
| | - Benoit Dugué
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire MOVE (UR 20296), faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France.
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Zhou Z, Su Y, Wu Y, Qin F, Zheng X. The effects of cold water immersion and partial body cryotherapy on subsequent exercise performance and thermoregulatory responses in hot conditions. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103926. [PMID: 39094403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cold water immersion (CWI) and partial body cryotherapy (PBC) applied within a 15-min post-exercise recovery period on thermoregulatory responses, subjective perceptions, and exercise performance under hot conditions (39 °C). Twelve male soccer players participated in team-sports-specific assessments, including Agility T-test (T-test), 20-m sprint test (20M-ST), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test Level 1 (YY-T), during two exercise bouts (1st bout and 2nd bout) with a 15-min post-exercise recovery period. Within the recovery period, a 3-min of PBC at -110 °C or CWI at 15 °C or a seated rest (CON) was performed. Mean skin temperature (Tskin) decreased by 4.3 ± 1.08°C (p < 0.001) immediately after PBC, while CWI induced a reduction of 2.5 ± 0.21°C (p < 0.01). Furthermore, PBC and CWI consistently reduced Tskin for 15 and 33 min, respectively (p < 0.05). During the 2nd bout, core temperature (Tcore) was significantly lower in PBC compared to CON (p < 0.05). Heart rate (HR) was significantly lower in CWI compared to CON and PBC during the intervention period. Thermal sensation (TS) was significantly greater in PBC compared to CON and CWI (p < 0.05). Compared to the 1st bout, PBC alleviated the declines in T-test (p < 0.05) and 20M-ST (p < 0.05), while CWI alleviated the decreases in T-test (p < 0.05) and YY-T (p < 0.05), concurrently significantly enhancing 20M-ST (p < 0.05). 20M-ST and YY-T was greater from PBC (p < 0.05) and CWI (p < 0.05) compared with CON in 2nd bout. Additionally, the T-test in CWI was significantly greater than CON (p < 0.05). These results indicate that both PBC and CWI, performed between two exercise bouts, have the potential to improve thermoregulatory strain, reduce thermal perceptual load, and thereby attenuate the subsequent decline in exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigui Zhou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuchen Su
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuge Wu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Fanjun Qin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinyan Zheng
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Alito A, Cifalinò ME, Fontana JM, Verme F, Piterà P, Capodaglio P. Tackling Kinesiophobia in Chronic Shoulder Pain: A Case Report on the Combined Effect of Pain Education and Whole-Body Cryostimulation. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2094. [PMID: 38610859 PMCID: PMC11012551 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic shoulder pain may cause significant functional disability and reduced psychosocial well-being. Detailed Case Description: In this case, we propose the use of pain neuroscience education and whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) to treat a 64-year-old woman with severe functional limitations and chronic right shoulder pain. The aim was to overcome kinesiophobia and improve her motor function, autonomy, and quality of life. Functional and clinical assessments were conducted at admission, discharge, and at a one-month follow-up via phone call. The patient's global health, shoulder function, and quality of life showed improvement during hospitalisation and were maintained after one month. DISCUSSION Pain education is crucial in managing chronic shoulder pain, especially in addressing kinesiophobia and promoting positive patient outcomes. In this context, WBC was used as a supplementary treatment to traditional pain relief and exercise tolerance therapies. This can help individuals to participate more actively in their rehabilitation process, ultimately promoting functional recovery and an improved quality of life. CONCLUSION The combination of cryostimulation, tailored physical exercises, pain education, manual therapy, and psychological support created a synergistic effect that addressed both the physical and psychological aspects of pain and kinesiophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Alito
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Mariachiara Elisabetta Cifalinò
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (M.E.C.); (F.V.); (P.C.)
| | - Jacopo Maria Fontana
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (M.E.C.); (F.V.); (P.C.)
| | - Federica Verme
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (M.E.C.); (F.V.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Piterà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy;
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (M.E.C.); (F.V.); (P.C.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Torino, 10121 Torino, Italy
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Jdidi H, Dugué B, de Bisschop C, Dupuy O, Douzi W. The effects of cold exposure (cold water immersion, whole- and partial- body cryostimulation) on cardiovascular and cardiac autonomic control responses in healthy individuals: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Therm Biol 2024; 121:103857. [PMID: 38663342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryostimulation and cold-water immersion (CWI) have recently gained widespread attention due to their association with changes in cardiovascular and cardiac autonomic control responses. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the global impact of such cold exposures on cardiovascular and cardiac autonomic activity. METHODS Three databases (PubMed, Embase, Web-of-Science) were used. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were conducted on healthy participants using cryostimulation and/or CWI. The outcomes included measurements of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) indices: RR interval (RR), Root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD), low frequency band (LF), high frequency band (HF), and LF/HF ratio. RESULTS Among the 27 articles included in our systematic literature review, only 24 were incorporated into the meta-analysis. Our results reveal a significant increase in HRV indices: RMSSD (Standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.61, p < 0.001), RR (SMD = 0.77, p < 0.001), and HF (SMD = 0.46, p < 0.001), as well as significantly reduced LF (SMD = -0.41, p < 0.001) and LF/HF ratio (SMD = -0.25, p < 0.01), which persisted up to 15 min following cold exposure. Significantly decreased heart rate (SMD = -0.16, p < 0.05), accompanied by slightly increased mean BP (SMD = 0.28, p < 0.001), was also observed. These results seem to depend on individual characteristics and the cooling techniques. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggests that cryostimulation and/or CWI exposure enhance parasympathetic nervous activity. There is scarce scientific literature regarding the effect of individual characteristics on cold-induced physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Jdidi
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory «Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice (MOVE)-UR 20296», Faculty of Sport Sciences, 86000, Poitiers, France.
| | - Benoit Dugué
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory «Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice (MOVE)-UR 20296», Faculty of Sport Sciences, 86000, Poitiers, France.
| | - Claire de Bisschop
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory «Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice (MOVE)-UR 20296», Faculty of Sport Sciences, 86000, Poitiers, France.
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory «Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice (MOVE)-UR 20296», Faculty of Sport Sciences, 86000, Poitiers, France; University of Montreal, School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences (EKSAP), Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, HC3 3J7, Canada.
| | - Wafa Douzi
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory «Mobilité, Vieillissement, Exercice (MOVE)-UR 20296», Faculty of Sport Sciences, 86000, Poitiers, France.
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Mihailovic T, Groslambert A, Bouzigon R, Feaud S, Millet GP, Gimenez P. Acute Responses to Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia Combined With Whole-Body Cryotherapy: A Preliminary Study. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:280-289. [PMID: 38171353 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate acute psychophysiological responses to repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) combined with whole-body cryotherapy (WBC). METHOD Sixteen trained cyclists performed 3 sessions in randomized order: RSH, WBC-RSH (WBC pre-RSH), and RSH-WBC (WBC post-RSH). RSH consisted of 3 sets of 5 × 10-second sprints with 20-second recovery at a simulated altitude of 3000 m. Power output, muscle oxygenation (tissue saturation index), heart-rate variability, and recovery perception were analyzed. Sleep quality was assessed on the nights following test sessions and compared with a control night using nocturnal ActiGraphy and heart-rate variability. RESULTS Power output did not differ between the conditions (P = .27), while the decrease in tissue saturation index was reduced for WBC-RSH compared to RSH-WBC in the last set. In both conditions with WBC, the recovery perception was higher compared to RSH (WBC-RSH: +15.4%, and RSH-WBC: +21.9%, P < .05). The number of movements during the RSH-WBC night was significantly lower than for the control night (-18.7%, P < .01) and WBC-RSH (-14.9%, P < .05). RSH led to a higher root mean square of the successive differences of R-R intervals and high-frequency band during the first hour of sleep compared to the control night (P < .05) and RSH-WBC (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of WBC in an RSH session did not modify the power output but could improve prolonged performance in hypoxia by maintaining muscle oxygenation. A single RSH session did not deteriorate sleep quality. WBC, particularly when performed after RSH, positively influenced recovery perception and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Mihailovic
- Laboratory of Culture, Sport, Health, Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
- Inside the Athletes 3.0 (ITA 3.0), Besançon, France
- Besancon Fitness, Besancon, France
| | - Alain Groslambert
- Laboratory of Culture, Sport, Health, Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
- Locomotion Athlete Material Environment Platform (Laboratory C3S-Groupama FDJ cycling team), Besançon, France
| | - Romain Bouzigon
- Laboratory of Culture, Sport, Health, Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
- Inside the Athletes 3.0 (ITA 3.0), Besançon, France
- Besancon Fitness, Besancon, France
| | - Simon Feaud
- Laboratory of Culture, Sport, Health, Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Gimenez
- Laboratory of Culture, Sport, Health, Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
- Locomotion Athlete Material Environment Platform (Laboratory C3S-Groupama FDJ cycling team), Besançon, France
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Lo YJ, Mishra VK, Lo HY, Dubey NK, Lo WC. Clinical Spectrum and Trajectory of Innovative Therapeutic Interventions for Insomnia: A Perspective. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1038-1069. [PMID: 37163444 PMCID: PMC10389812 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing incidences of insomnia in adults, as well as the aging population, have been reported for their negative impact on the quality of life. Insomnia episodes may be associated with neurocognitive, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, and metabolic disorders. Epidemiological evidence also revealed the association of insomnia with oncologic and asthmatic complications, which has been indicated as bidirectional. Two therapeutic approaches including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and drugs-based therapies are being practiced for a long time. However, the adverse events associated with drugs limit their wide and long-term application. Further, Traditional Chinese medicine, acupressure, and pulsed magnetic field therapy may also provide therapeutic relief. Notably, the recently introduced cryotherapy has been demonstrated as a potential candidate for insomnia which could reduce pain, by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. It seems that the synergistic therapeutic approach of cryotherapy and the above-mentioned approaches might offer promising prospects to further improve efficacy and safety. Considering these facts, this perspective presents a comprehensive summary of recent advances in pathological aetiologies of insomnia including COVID-19, and its therapeutic management with a greater emphasis on cryotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Victory Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taipei 114757, Taiwan.
- ShiNeo Technology Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 24262, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Cheng Lo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Edinborough L, Hill J, Jarvis M, Bruce-Low S, Pedlar CR. A bespoke sleep monitoring and sleep hygiene intervention improves sleep in an U18 professional football player: A case study. J Sports Sci 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37183452 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2213032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This case study reports on a professional football player (age: 17.6 years) who was referred for sleep monitoring and intervention after reporting excessive night-time awakenings. The player undertook a series of subjective sleep assessments and objective sleep monitoring (activity monitor). Based on the data presented, a sleep hygiene intervention was prescribed. Numerical comparisons were made between pre-intervention (Pre) and post-intervention (Post) values. Objective values were also compared to reference data from a similarly aged professional cohort from the same club (n = 11). Wake episodes per night (Pre: 7.9 ± 3, Post: 4.5 ± 1.9; -43%) and wake after sleep onset (WASO; Pre: 74.3 ± 31.8 mins, Post: 50.0 ± 22.8 mins, -33%) were improved from Pre to Post. Compared to the reference data, mean wake episodes per night (Pre: 7.9 ± 3.0, reference: 4.6 ± 2.6; -42%) and WASO (Pre: 74.3 ± 31.8 mins, reference: 44.3 ± 36.5 mins; -40%) were all lower compared to Pre levels. Whilst causality cannot be proven, we observed multiple sleep metrics improving following an intervention. This provides a potential framework for practitioners looking to provide targeted sleep assessment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Edinborough
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
- Department of Sport Science, Southampton Football Club, Southampton, UK
| | - Jessica Hill
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Mark Jarvis
- Department of Sport Science, Southampton Football Club, Southampton, UK
| | - Stewart Bruce-Low
- School of Health Sport & Bioscience, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Charles R Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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Haq A, Ribbans WJ, Hohenauer E, Baross AW. The Comparative Effect of Different Timings of Whole Body Cryotherapy Treatment With Cold Water Immersion for Post-Exercise Recovery. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:940516. [PMID: 35873209 PMCID: PMC9299249 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.940516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several established benefits of Whole Body Cryotherapy (WBC) for post-exercise recovery, there is a scarcity of research which has identified the optimum WBC protocol for this purpose. This study investigated the influence of WBC treatment timing on physiological and functional responses following a downhill running bout. An additional purpose was to compare such responses with those following cold water immersion (CWI), since there is no clear consensus as to which cold modality is more effective for supporting athletic recovery. Thirty-three male participants (mean ± SD age 37.0 ± 13.3 years, height 1.76 ± 0.07 m, body mass 79.5 ± 13.7 kg) completed a 30 min downhill run (15% gradient) at 60% VO2 max and were then allocated into one of four recovery groups: WBC1 (n = 9) and WBC4 (n = 8) underwent cryotherapy (3 min, −120°C) 1 and 4 h post-run, respectively; CWI (n = 8) participants were immersed in cold water (10 min, 15°C) up to the waist 1 h post-run and control (CON, n = 8) participants passively recovered in a controlled environment (20°C). Maximal isometric leg muscle torque was assessed pre and 24 h post-run. Blood creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness, femoral artery blood flow, plasma IL-6 and sleep were also assessed pre and post-treatment. There were significant decreases in muscle torque for WBC4 (10.9%, p = 0.04) and CON (11.3% p = 0.00) and no significant decreases for WBC1 (5.6%, p = 0.06) and CWI (5.1%, p = 0.15). There were no significant differences between groups in muscle soreness, CK, IL-6 or sleep. Femoral artery blood flow significantly decreased in CWI (p = 0.02), but did not differ in other groups. WBC treatments within an hour may be preferable for muscle strength recovery compared to delayed treatments; however WBC appears to be no more effective than CWI. Neither cold intervention had an impact on inflammation or sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Haq
- Sports Studies, Moulton College, Moulton, United Kingdom
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales Sport Park, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Adnan Haq
| | - William J. Ribbans
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
- The County Clinic, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Erich Hohenauer
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Anthony W. Baross
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
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Wafa D, Bisschop Claire D, Benoit D. Regular short exposures to cold environment as an adjunct therapy for patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Bouzigon R, Dupuy O, Tiemessen I, De Nardi M, Bernard JP, Mihailovic T, Theurot D, Miller ED, Lombardi G, Dugué BM. Cryostimulation for Post-exercise Recovery in Athletes: A Consensus and Position Paper. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:688828. [PMID: 34901847 PMCID: PMC8652002 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.688828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery after exercise is a crucial key in preventing muscle injuries and in speeding up the processes to return to homeostasis level. There are several ways of developing a recovery strategy with the use of different kinds of traditional and up-to-date techniques. The use of cold has traditionally been used after physical exercise for recovery purposes. In recent years, the use of whole-body cryotherapy/cryostimulation (WBC; an extreme cold stimulation lasting 1-4 min and given in a cold room at a temperature comprised from -60 to -195°C) has been tremendously increased for such purposes. However, there are controversies about the benefits that the use of this technique may provide. Therefore, the main objectives of this paper are to describe what is whole body cryotherapy/cryostimulation, review and debate the benefits that its use may provide, present practical considerations and applications, and emphasize the need of customization depending on the context, the purpose, and the subject's characteristics. This review is written by international experts from the working group on WBC from the International Institute of Refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bouzigon
- Université de Franche-Comté, UFR STAPS Besançon, Laboratoire C3S (EA4660), Axe Sport Performance, Besançon, France
- Society Inside the Athletes 3.0, Sport Performance Optimization Complex (COPS25), Besançon, France
- Society Aurore Concept, Noisiel, France
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire MOVE (EA 6314), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France
- Ecole de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Actvivité Physique (EKSAP), Faculté de Medecine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ivo Tiemessen
- ProCcare BVBA, Antwerp, Belgium
- Mobilito Sport, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Massimo De Nardi
- Krioplanet Ltd, Treviglio, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Bernard
- Air Liquide Group International Expert in Cryogenic Applications Cryolor, Ennery, France
| | - Thibaud Mihailovic
- Université de Franche-Comté, UFR STAPS Besançon, Laboratoire C3S (EA4660), Axe Sport Performance, Besançon, France
- Society Inside the Athletes 3.0, Sport Performance Optimization Complex (COPS25), Besançon, France
| | - Dimitri Theurot
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire MOVE (EA 6314), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Benoit Michel Dugué
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire MOVE (EA 6314), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France
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Stephenson MD, Thompson AG, Merrigan JJ, Stone JD, Hagen JA. Applying Heart Rate Variability to Monitor Health and Performance in Tactical Personnel: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8143. [PMID: 34360435 PMCID: PMC8346173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human performance optimization of tactical personnel requires accurate, meticulous, and effective monitoring of biological adaptations and systemic recovery. Due to an increased understanding of its importance and the commercial availability of assessment tools, the use of heart rate variability (HRV) to address this need is becoming more common in the tactical community. Measuring HRV is a non-invasive, practical method for objectively assessing a performer's readiness, workload, and recovery status; when combined with additional data sources and practitioner input, it provides an affordable and scalable solution for gaining actionable information to support the facilitation and maintenance of operational performance. This narrative review discusses the non-clinical use of HRV for assessing, monitoring, and interpreting autonomic nervous system resource availability, modulation, effectiveness, and efficiency in tactical populations. Broadly, HRV metrics represent a complex series of interactions resulting from internal and external stimuli; therefore, a general overview of HRV applications in tactical personnel is discussed, including the influence of occupational specific demands, interactions between cognitive and physical domains, and recommendations on implementing HRV for training and recovery insights into critical health and performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Stephenson
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (A.G.T.); (J.J.M.); (J.D.S.); (J.A.H.)
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12
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Cullen MFL, Casazza GA, Davis BA. Passive Recovery Strategies after Exercise: A Narrative Literature Review of the Current Evidence. Curr Sports Med Rep 2021; 20:351-358. [PMID: 34234090 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Passive recovery techniques are popular and offer a diverse spectrum of options for athletes and the clinicians providing care for them. These techniques are intended to minimize the negative effects of training or competition, thus enabling the athlete a quicker return to peak performance. Current evidence demonstrates improved athlete recovery with compression garments, cold water immersion, partial body cryotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen, and vibratory therapies. Other popular modalities, such as compression devices, whole body cryotherapy, percussive gun-assisted therapy, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and pulsed electromagnetic therapy lack convincing evidence concerning athlete recovery. This article seeks to review the current literature and offer the reader an updated understanding of the mechanisms for each modality and the evidence regarding each modality's potential benefit in an athlete's recovery strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian A Davis
- Department of PhysicalMedicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA
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13
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Impact of acute partial-body cryostimulation on cognitive performance, cerebral oxygenation, and cardiac autonomic activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7793. [PMID: 33833278 PMCID: PMC8032750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effects of a 3-min partial-body cryostimulation (PBC) exposure—where the whole body is exposed to extreme cold, except the head—on cognitive inhibition performance and the possible implications of parasympathetic cardiac control and cerebral oxygenation. In a randomized controlled counterbalanced cross-over design, eighteen healthy young adults (nine males and nine females) completed a cognitive Stroop task before and after one single session of PBC (3-min exposure at − 150 °C cold air) and a control condition (3 min at room temperature, 20 °C). During the cognitive task, heart rate variability (HRV) and cerebral oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex were measured using heart rate monitoring and near-infrared spectroscopy methods. We also recorded the cerebral oxygenation during the PBC session. Stroop performance after PBC exposure was enhanced (562.0 ± 40.2 ms) compared to pre-PBC (602.0 ± 56.4 ms; P < 0.042) in males only, accompanied by an increase (P < 0.05) in HRV indices of parasympathetic tone, in greater proportion in males compared to females. During PBC, cerebral oxygenation decreased in a similar proportion in males and females but the cerebral extraction (deoxyhemoglobin: ΔHHb) remained higher after exposure in males, only. These data demonstrate that a single PBC session enhances the cognitive inhibition performance on a Stroop task in males, partly mediated by a greater parasympathetic cardiac control and greater cerebral oxygenation. The effects of PBC on cognitive function seem different in females, possibly explained by a different sensitivity to cold stimulation.
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14
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Aloulou A, Leduc C, Duforez F, Piscione J, Cheradame J, Bieuzen F, Thomas C, Chennaoui M, VAN Beers P, Nedelec M. Effect of an Innovative Mattress and Cryotherapy on Sleep after an Elite Rugby Match. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:2655-2662. [PMID: 32472928 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to explore the relationship between elite rugby union match and postmatch sleep architecture and to investigate the effects of a high-heat capacity mattress (MAT) and a whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) session on postmatch sleep architecture. METHODS Nineteen elite male U23 rugby union players performed in three official matches, followed by three experimental conditions, in a randomized order: MAT, WBC, and no intervention (CONT). Match load was evaluated using GPS trackers and video analyses. Sleep architecture was assessed by polysomnography (PSG). Core body temperature (CBT) and mattress surface temperature were monitored during sleep. Linear mixed-effects models were conducted to assess the effects of each experimental condition on sleep, with match load variables as covariates. RESULTS A lower wake after sleep onset (β = -10.5 min, P < 0.01) and higher rapid eye movement sleep proportion (β = +2.8%, P < 0.05) were reported for MAT compared with CONT. Moreover, lower mean CBT (β = -0.135°C, P < 0.001) and mean mattress surface temperature (β = -2.736°C, P < 0.001) during sleep were observed for MAT compared CONT. WBC did not affect nocturnal CBT nor interfere with sleep architecture. For every 100-m increase in high-speed running distance, a higher slow wave sleep (β = +1.1%, P = 0.05) and lower light sleep proportion (β = -1.2%, P < 0.05) proportion were observed. Conversely, for every 10 supplementary collisions, lower slow wave sleep (β = -1.9, P = 0.09) and higher light sleep (β = +2.9%, P < 0.001) proportion were observed. CONCLUSION MAT use had a positive effect on sleep architecture after an elite rugby union match, potentially through a more efficient nocturnal heat transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Aloulou
- Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, FRANCE
| | - Cédric Leduc
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Center, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Julien Piscione
- Research Department, French Rugby Federation (FFR), Marcoussis, FRANCE
| | - Jeremy Cheradame
- Research Department, French Rugby Federation (FFR), Marcoussis, FRANCE
| | | | | | | | | | - Mathieu Nedelec
- Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, FRANCE
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15
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Louis J, Theurot D, Filliard JR, Volondat M, Dugué B, Dupuy O. The use of whole-body cryotherapy: time- and dose-response investigation on circulating blood catecholamines and heart rate variability. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1733-1743. [PMID: 32474683 PMCID: PMC7340648 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose A predominance of parasympathetic drive is observed following cold exposure. Such modulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is associated with faster post-exercise recovery. Within this context, whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) has been spreading in sport medicine, though the optimal temperature and frequency are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different cryotherapy conditions on the sympathovagal balance. Methods Forty healthy males were randomly assigned into five different groups (− 110 °C, − 60 °C, − 10 °C, control temperature [≃ 24 °C]) and undertook 5 WBC sessions over 5 consecutive days. Cardiac autonomic activity was assessed through heart rate variability (HRV) using power density of high frequency (HF), root-mean square difference of successive R–R intervals (RMSSD) and sympathovagal balance (LF/HF). Systemic sympathetic activity was assessed via circulating blood catecholamines. Results Mean weekly RMSSD (pre: 48 ± 22 ms, post: 68 ± 29 ms) and HF (pre: 607 ± 692 ms2, post: 1271 ± 1180 ms2) increased (p < 0.05) from pre to post WBC, only in the − 110 °C condition. A rise in plasma norepinephrine was found after the first − 110 °C WBC session only (pre: 173 ± 98, post: 352 ± 231 ng L−1, p < 0.01); whereas, it was not significant after the 5th session (pre: 161 ± 120, post: 293 ± 245 ng L−1, p = 0.15). Conclusion These results suggest that one − 110 °C WBC exposure is required to stimulate the ANS. After five daily exposures, a lower autonomic response was recorded compared to day one, therefore suggesting the development of physiological habituation to WBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Louis
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Dimitri Theurot
- Laboratoire MOVE (EA 6314), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Robert Filliard
- Medical Department, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), 11 avenue du tremblay, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Marielle Volondat
- Medical Department, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), 11 avenue du tremblay, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Dugué
- Laboratoire MOVE (EA 6314), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- Laboratoire MOVE (EA 6314), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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