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Chandnani N, Gupta I, Thakkar V, Sarkar K. Epigenetic regulation of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) -Yin Yang 1 (YY1) axis in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154885. [PMID: 37862922 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
In accordance with the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death in patients. In recent years, the number of cancer patients has been growing, and the occurrence of cancer in people is becoming more common, primarily due to lifestyle factors. Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a transcription factor that is widespread throughout. It is a zinc finger protein, falling under the GLI-Kruppel class. YY1 is known to regulate transcriptional activation and repression of various genes associated with different cellular processes such as DNA repair, autophagy, cell survival and apoptosis, and cell division. Meanwhile, EZH2 is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme encoded by gene 7 in humans. Its main function involves catalyzing the addition of methyl groups to histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), and it is involved in regulating CD8 + T cell fate and function. It is a subunit of a Polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2). The EZH2 gene encodes for an enzyme that is involved in histone methylation and transcriptional repression. It adds methyl groups to lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) with the help of the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine. In addition to its role in epigenetic regulation, EZH2 also acts as a regulator of CD8+ T cell fate and function. EZH2 has been implicated in T Cell Receptor (TCR) signaling via the regulation of actin polymerization. In fact, EZH2 is involved in numerous signaling pathways that lead to tumorigenesis. EZH2 is mutated in cancer and shows overexpression. Due to its mutation and overexpression, the cells that help combat cancer are suppressed and carcinogenicity is promoted. The association of EZH2 and YY1 poses an intriguing mechanism in relation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Chandnani
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ishika Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Vidhi Thakkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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Lanzi C, Arrighetti N, Pasquali S, Cassinelli G. Targeting EZH2 in SMARCB1-deficient sarcomas: Advances and opportunities to potentiate the efficacy of EZH2 inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115727. [PMID: 37541451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare mesechymal malignancies characterized by distintive molecular, histological and clinical features. Many STSs are considered as predominatly epigenetic diseases due to underlying chromatin deregulation. Discovery of deregulated functional antagonism between the chromatin remodeling BRG1/BRM-associated (BAFs) and the histone modifying Polycomb repressor complexes (PRCs) has provided novel actionable targets. In epithelioid sarcoma (ES), extracranial, extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumors (eMRTs) and synovial sarcoma (SS), the total or partial loss of the BAF core subunit SMARCB1, driven by different alterations, is associated with PRC2 deregulation and dependency on its enzymatic subunit, EZH2. In these SMARCB1-deficient STSs, aberrant EZH2 expression and/or activity emerged as a druggable vulnerability. Although preclinical investigation supported EZH2 targeting as a promising therapeutic option, clinical studies demonstrated a variable response to EZH2 inhibitors. Actually, whereas the clinical benefit recorded in ES patients prompted the FDA approval of the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat, the modest and sporadic responses observed in eMRT and SS patients highlighted the need to deepen mechanistic as well as pharmacological investigations to improve drug effectiveness. We summarize the current knowledge of different mechanisms driving SMARCB1 deficiency and EZH2 deregulation in ES, eMRT and SS along with preclinical and clinical studies of EZH2-targeting agents. Possible implication of the PRC2- and enzymatic-independent functions of EZH2 and of its homolog, EZH1, in the response to anti-EZH2 agents will be discussed together with combinatorial strategies under investigation to improve the efficacy of EZH2 targeting in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Pasquali
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Mimma R, Anna C, Matteo B, Gaetano P, Carlo G, Guido M, Camillo P. Clinico-pathological implications of the 2022 WHO Renal Cell Carcinoma classification. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 116:102558. [PMID: 37060647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The new WHO classification of urogenital tumours published in 2022, contains significant revisions upon the previous 2016 version regarding Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). While the most common histotype remains almost untouched, some of the main novelties concerns papillary RCC and oncocytic neoplasms. The main change is the introduction of a new category of molecularly-defined RCC, which includes TFE3-rearranged RCC, TFEB-rearranged, and TFEB-amplified RCC, FH-deficient RCC, SDH-deficient RCC, ALK-rearranged RCC, ELOC (formerly TCEB1)-mutated RCC, SMARCB1 (INI1)-deficient RCC. In this paper we analyze the current knowledge on emerging entities and molecularly-defined RCC to assess whether the current pathological classification offers the oncologist the possibility of selecting more specific and personalized treatments, from both those currently available, as well as those that will soon be available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizzo Mimma
- Division of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Caliò Anna
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Brunelli Matteo
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Pezzicoli Gaetano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Ganini Carlo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Martignoni Guido
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy; Department of Pathology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - Porta Camillo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy; Chair of Oncology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
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D'Incal CP, Van Rossem KE, De Man K, Konings A, Van Dijck A, Rizzuti L, Vitriolo A, Testa G, Gozes I, Vanden Berghe W, Kooy RF. Chromatin remodeler Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein (ADNP) contributes to syndromic autism. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:45. [PMID: 36945042 PMCID: PMC10031977 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals affected with autism often suffer additional co-morbidities such as intellectual disability. The genes contributing to autism cluster on a relatively limited number of cellular pathways, including chromatin remodeling. However, limited information is available on how mutations in single genes can result in such pleiotropic clinical features in affected individuals. In this review, we summarize available information on one of the most frequently mutated genes in syndromic autism the Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein (ADNP). RESULTS Heterozygous and predicted loss-of-function ADNP mutations in individuals inevitably result in the clinical presentation with the Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome, a frequent form of syndromic autism. ADNP, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein has a role in chromatin remodeling: The protein is associated with the pericentromeric protein HP1, the SWI/SNF core complex protein BRG1, and other members of this chromatin remodeling complex and, in murine stem cells, with the chromodomain helicase CHD4 in a ChAHP complex. ADNP has recently been shown to possess R-loop processing activity. In addition, many additional functions, for instance, in association with cytoskeletal proteins have been linked to ADNP. CONCLUSIONS We here present an integrated evaluation of all current aspects of gene function and evaluate how abnormalities in chromatin remodeling might relate to the pleiotropic clinical presentation in individual"s" with Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Peter D'Incal
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Epigenetic Signaling Lab (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Esther Van Rossem
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Kevin De Man
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Epigenetic Signaling Lab (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anthony Konings
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Epigenetic Signaling Lab (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anke Van Dijck
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ludovico Rizzuti
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Human Technopole, V. Le Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitriolo
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Human Technopole, V. Le Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Human Technopole, V. Le Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Illana Gozes
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, 727, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Epigenetic Signaling Lab (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - R Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
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Immunohistochemical loss of enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) protein expression correlates with EZH2 alterations and portends a worse outcome in myelodysplastic syndromes. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1212-1219. [PMID: 35504958 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
EZH2 coding mutation (EZH2MUT), resulting in loss-of-function, is an independent predictor of overall survival in MDS. EZH2 function can be altered by other mechanisms including copy number changes, and mutations in other genes and non-coding regions of EZH2. Assessment of EZH2 protein can identify alterations of EZH2 function missed by mutation assessment alone. Precise evaluation of EZH2 function and gene-protein correlation in clinical MDS cohorts is important in the context of upcoming targeted therapies aimed to restore EZH2 function. In this study, we evaluated the clinicopathologic characteristics of newly diagnosed MDS patients with EZH2MUT and correlated the findings with protein expression using immunohistochemistry. There were 40 (~6%) EZH2MUT MDS [33 men, seven women; median age 74 years (range, 55-90)]. EZH2 mutations spanned the entire coding region. Majority had dominant EZH2 clone [median VAF, 30% (1-92)], frequently co-occurring with co-dominant TET2 (38%) and sub-clonal ASXL1 (55%) and RUNX1 (43%) mutations. EZH2MUT MDS showed frequent loss-of-expression compared to EZH2WT (69% vs. 27%, p = 0.001). Interestingly, NINE (23%) EZH2WT MDS also showed loss-of-expression. EZH2MUT and loss-of-expression significantly associated with male predominance and chr(7) loss. Further, only EZH2 loss-of-expression patients showed significantly lower platelet counts, a trend for higher BM blast% and R-IPSS scores. Over a 14-month median follow-up, both EZH2MUT (p = 0.027) and loss-of-expression (p = 0.0063) correlated with poor survival, independent of R-IPSS, age and gender. When analyzed together, loss-of-expression showed a stronger correlation than mutation (p = 0.061 vs. p = 0.43). In conclusion, immunohistochemical assessment of EZH2 protein, alongside mutation, is important for prognostic workup of MDS.
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Demethylation of H3K9 and H3K27 Contributes to the Tubular Renal Damage Triggered by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071355. [PMID: 35883846 PMCID: PMC9312208 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), restoring correct protein folding. Sustained ER stress exacerbates activation of the major UPR branches (IRE1α/XBP1, PERK/ATF4, ATF6), inducing expression of numerous genes involved in inflammation, cell death, autophagy, and oxidative stress. We investigated whether epigenetic dynamics mediated by histone H3K9 and H3K27 methylation might help to reduce or inhibit the exacerbated and maladaptive UPR triggered in tubular epithelial cells. Epigenetic treatments, specific silencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed in human proximal tubular cells subjected to ER stress. Pharmacological blockage of KDM4C and JMJD3 histone demethylases with SD-70 and GSKJ4, respectively, enhanced trimethylation of H3K9 and H3K27 in the ATF4 and XBP1 genes, inhibiting their expression and that of downstream genes. Conversely, specific G9a and EZH2 knockdown revealed increases in ATF4 and XBP1 expression. This is a consequence of the reduced recruitment of G9a and EZH2 histone methylases, diminished H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 levels, and enhanced histone acetylation at the ATF4 and XBP1 promoter region. G9a and EZH2 cooperate to maintain the repressive chromatin structure in both UPR-induced genes, ATF4 and XBP1. Therefore, preserving histone H3K9 and H3K27 methylation could ameliorate the ER stress, and consequently the oxidative stress and the triggered pathological processes that aggravate renal damage.
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Sukocheva OA, Lukina E, Friedemann M, Menschikowski M, Hagelgans A, Aliev G. The crucial role of epigenetic regulation in breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance: Current findings and future perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 82:35-59. [PMID: 33301860 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) cell de-sensitization to Tamoxifen (TAM) or other selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulators (SERM) is a complex process associated with BC heterogeneity and the transformation of ER signalling. The most influential resistance-related mechanisms include modifications in ER expression and gene regulation patterns. During TAM/SERM treatment, epigenetic mechanisms can effectively silence ER expression and facilitate the development of endocrine resistance. ER status is efficiently regulated by specific epigenetic tools including hypermethylation of CpG islands within ER promoters, increased histone deacetylase activity in the ER promoter, and/or translational repression by miRNAs. Over-methylation of the ER α gene (ESR1) promoter by DNA methyltransferases was associated with poor prognosis and indicated the development of resistance. Moreover, BC progression and spreading were marked by transformed chromatin remodelling, post-translational histone modifications, and expression of specific miRNAs and/or long non-coding RNAs. Therefore, targeted inhibition of histone acetyltransferases (e.g. MYST3), deacetylases (e.g. HDAC1), and/or demethylases (e.g. lysine-specific demethylase LSD1) was shown to recover and increase BC sensitivity to anti-estrogens. Indicated as a powerful molecular instrument, the administration of epigenetic drugs can regain ER expression along with the activation of tumour suppressor genes, which can in turn prevent selection of resistant cells and cancer stem cell survival. This review examines recent advances in the epigenetic regulation of endocrine drug resistance and evaluates novel anti-resistance strategies. Underlying molecular mechanisms of epigenetic regulation will be discussed, emphasising the utilization of epigenetic enzymes and their inhibitors to re-program irresponsive BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Elena Lukina
- Discipline of Biology, College of Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Markus Friedemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Albert Hagelgans
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Institute of Human Morphology», 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation; GALLY International Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Su Y, Hong AL. Recent Advances in Renal Medullary Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137097. [PMID: 35806102 PMCID: PMC9266801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare renal malignancy that has been associated with sickle hemoglobinopathies. RMC is aggressive, difficult to treat, and occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults of African ancestry. This cancer is driven by the loss of SMARCB1, a tumor suppressor seen in a number of primarily rare childhood cancers (e.g., rhabdoid tumor of the kidney and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor). Treatment options remain limited due in part to the limited knowledge of RMC biology. However, significant advances have been made in unraveling the biology of RMC, from genomics to therapeutic targets, over the past 5 years. In this review, we will present these advances and discuss what new questions exist in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew L. Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
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Braghini MR, Lo Re O, Romito I, Fernandez-Barrena MG, Barbaro B, Pomella S, Rota R, Vinciguerra M, Avila MA, Alisi A. Epigenetic remodelling in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:107. [PMID: 35331312 PMCID: PMC8943959 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer, being the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. As other heterogeneous solid tumours, HCC results from a unique synergistic combination of genetic alterations mixed with epigenetic modifications.In HCC the patterns and frequencies of somatic variations change depending on the nearby chromatin. On the other hand, epigenetic alterations often induce genomic instability prone to mutations. Epigenetics refers to heritable states of gene expression without alteration to the DNA sequence itself and, unlike genetic changes, the epigenetic modifications are reversible and affect gene expression more extensively than genetic changes. Thus, studies of epigenetic regulation and the involved molecular machinery are greatly contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms that underline HCC onset and heterogeneity. Moreover, this knowledge may help to identify biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, as well as future new targets for more efficacious therapeutic approaches.In this comprehensive review we will discuss the state-of-the-art knowledge about the epigenetic landscape in hepatocarcinogenesis, including evidence on the diagnostic and prognostic role of non-coding RNAs, modifications occurring at the chromatin level, and their role in the era of precision medicine.Apart from other better-known risk factors that predispose to the development of HCC, characterization of the epigenetic remodelling that occurs during hepatocarcinogenesis could open the way to the identification of personalized biomarkers. It may also enable a more accurate diagnosis and stratification of patients, and the discovery of new targets for more efficient therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Braghini
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale S. Paolo, 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Oriana Lo Re
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Ilaria Romito
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale S. Paolo, 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Maite G Fernandez-Barrena
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Barbaro
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale S. Paolo, 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Matias A Avila
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Alisi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale S. Paolo, 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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Vijayanathan M, Trejo-Arellano MG, Mozgová I. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 in Eukaryotes-An Evolutionary Perspective. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:3. [PMID: 35076495 PMCID: PMC8788455 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) represents a group of evolutionarily conserved multi-subunit complexes that repress gene transcription by introducing trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3). PRC2 activity is of key importance for cell identity specification and developmental phase transitions in animals and plants. The composition, biochemistry, and developmental function of PRC2 in animal and flowering plant model species are relatively well described. Recent evidence demonstrates the presence of PRC2 complexes in various eukaryotic supergroups, suggesting conservation of the complex and its function. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of PRC2-mediated repression in different representatives of eukaryotic supergroups with a focus on the green lineage. By comparison of PRC2 in different eukaryotes, we highlight the possible common and diverged features suggesting evolutionary implications and outline emerging questions and directions for future research of polycomb repression and its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Vijayanathan
- Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (M.G.T.-A.)
| | - María Guadalupe Trejo-Arellano
- Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (M.G.T.-A.)
| | - Iva Mozgová
- Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (M.G.T.-A.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Dysregulated Expression of Long Non-Coding RNA MINCR and EZH2 in Colorectal Cancer. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 26:64-9. [PMID: 34923811 PMCID: PMC8784897 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.26.1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As critical regulators, lncRNAs have attracted attention from researchers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes in human carcinogenesis via interfering with mRNAs such as EZH2. Nevertheless, the potent roles and molecular mechanisms of these RNAs in CRC are not clearly known. METHODS In this study, the tissue expressions of lncRNA MINCR and EZH2 mRNA between colorectal tumors and polyps were compared with the adjacent normal tissues collected from 114 Iranian patients, using real-time PCR method. Furthermore, the correlation of the expression levels of MINCR and EZH2 with other clinical parameters was evaluated. RESULTS The significant overexpression of MINCR and EZH2 were observed in the CRC tissues compared to control tissues (p < 0.0001). This observation confirmed the association of these expression enhancements with the pathological stage of CRC patients. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that the expression of MINCR significantly alters during CRC development, and it can be identified as a potential biomarker for the detection of CRC.
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Del Moral-Morales A, González-Orozco JC, Hernández-Vega AM, Hernández-Ortega K, Peña-Gutiérrez KM, Camacho-Arroyo I. EZH2 Mediates Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion Promoted by Estradiol in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:703733. [PMID: 35197928 PMCID: PMC8859835 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.703733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors. 17β-estradiol (E2) increases proliferation, migration, and invasion of human GBM cells; however underlying mechanisms are no fully understood. Zeste 2 Enhancer Homologous enzyme (EZH2) is a methyltransferase part of Polycomb 2 repressor complex (PRC2). In GBM, EZH2 is overexpressed and involved in the cell cycle, migration, and invasion processes. We studied the role of EZH2 in the pro-oncogenic actions of E2 in human GBM cells. EZH2 gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 blocked proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells induced by E2. We identified in silico additional putative estrogen response elements (EREs) at the EZH2 promoter, but E2 did not modify EZH2 expression. In silico analysis also revealed that among human GBM samples, EZH2 expression was homogeneous; in contrast, the heterogeneous expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) allowed the classification of the samples into groups. Even in the GBM cluster with high expression of ERs and those of their target genes, the expression of PCR2 target genes did not change. Overall, our data suggest that in GBM cells, pro-oncogenic actions of E2 are mediated by EZH2, without changes in EZH2 expression and by mechanisms that appear to be unrelated to the transcriptional activity of ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Del Moral-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos González-Orozco
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana María Hernández-Vega
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karina Hernández-Ortega
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karla Mariana Peña-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo,
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Liao M, Sun X, Gao S, Zhang Y. A Class of Protein-Coding RNAs Binds to Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 and Alters Histone Methylation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:739830. [PMID: 34804929 PMCID: PMC8602814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a multi-subunit protein complex mediating the methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 and playing an important role in transcriptional repression during tumorigenesis and development. Previous studies revealed that both protein-coding and non-coding RNAs could bind to PRC2 complex. However, the functions of protein-coding RNAs that bind to PRC2 complex in tumor are still unknown. Through data mining and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, our study found that there were a class of protein-coding RNAs bound to PRC2 complex and H3 with tri-methylation on lysine 27. The Bayesian gene regulatory network analysis pointed out that these RNAs regulated the expression of PRC2-regulated genes in cancer. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene ontology (GO) analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) also confirmed that these RNAs were associated with histone modification in cancer. We also confirmed that MYO1C, a PRC2-bound transcript, inhibited the modification level of H3K27me3. Further detailed study showed that TMEM117 regulated TSLP expression through EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 modification. Interestingly, the RNA recognition motif of PRC2 complex might help these RNAs bind to the PRC2 complex more easily. The same regulatory pattern was found in mice as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijian Liao
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shoucui Gao
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yaou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Open FIESTA Center, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
Plant intra-individual and inter-individual variation can be determined by the epigenome, a set of covalent modifications of DNA and chromatin that can alter genome structure and activity without changes to the genome sequence. The epigenome of plant cells is plastic, that is, it can change in response to internal or external cues, such as during development or due to environmental changes, to create a memory of such events. Ongoing advances in technologies to read and write epigenomic patterns with increasing resolution, scale and precision are enabling the extent of plant epigenome variation to be more extensively characterized and functionally interrogated. In this Review, we discuss epigenome dynamics and variation within plants during development and in response to environmental changes, including stress, as well as between plants. We review known or potential functions of such plasticity and emphasize the importance of investigating the causality of epigenomic changes. Finally, we discuss emerging technologies that may underpin future research into plant epigenome plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P B Lloyd
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan Lister
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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15
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Liu B, Sun H, Wang J, Liu H, Zhao C. Potential role for EZH2 in promotion of asthma through suppression of miR-34b transcription by inhibition of FOXO3. J Transl Med 2021; 101:998-1010. [PMID: 33941868 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly expressed enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been associated with many kinds of cancers and other diseases, while its functional role in asthma is largely unknown. In our study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of EZH2 in the development of asthma. An ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model was established, followed by injection of short hairpin RNA (sh)-EZH2, overexpression-B-cell translocation gene 2 (oe-BTG2), microRNA (miR)-34b agomir as well as their corresponding controls. Next, primary bronchial epithelial cells were isolated and cultured, followed by treatment of oe-FOXO3, miR-34b inhibitor, sh-EZH2, oe-BTG2, and corresponding controls. The effects of EZH2 on inflammation were evaluated by determining levels of inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and protein levels of transforming growth factor β, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. The interactions between EZH2 and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), between FOXO3 and miR-34b promoter, and between miR-34b and BTG2 were analyzed by conducting dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Notably, EZH2 and BTG2 were significantly overexpressed, while FOXO3 and miR-34b were obviously underexpressed in asthma. EZH2 silencing led to inhibited inflammation though upregulation of FOXO3, which could bind to the miR-34b promoter and facilitate its expression. In turn, miR-34b reduced BTG2 expression by targeting its 3'untranslated region. Our study provides evidence that EZH2 promotes asthma progression by regulating the FOXO3-miR-34b-BTG2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Han Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Junxia Wang
- The 1st Ward, Departments of Pediatrics, Huantai People's Hospital, Zibo, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Liu
- The 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Changjuan Zhao
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, P. R. China.
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16
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Zheng XJ, Li W, Yi J, Liu JY, Ren LW, Zhu XM, Liu SW, Wang JH, Du GH. EZH2 regulates expression of FOXC1 by mediating H3K27me3 in breast cancers. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1171-1179. [PMID: 33057161 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by low expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR), which is the most aggressive subtype with poor outcome among breast cancers. The underlying mechanisms of TNBC remain unclear and there is a lack of biomarkers. In this study we conducted an in silico assay and found that FOXC1 was highly expressed in ER-/PR-/HER2- breast cancers, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. FOXC1 was more highly expressed in TNBCs than the other breast cancers. Kaplan-Meier plotter revealed that expression of FOXC1 was associated with overall survival (OS) of patients with breast cancers. Expression of FOXC1 was reversely associated with level of H3K27me3, which was methylated by EZH2. In MCF-7 and T47D cells, inhibition of EZH2 by DZNeP or GSK343 concentration- and time-dependently increased expression of FOXC1. Finally, we demonstrated that the expression of FOXC1 was associated with resistance of doxorubicin treatment of breast cancer cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that FOXC1 may be a potential biomarker or drug target for TNBCs, and that downregulation of FOXC1 could have therapeutic value in treatment of TNBCs.
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17
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lncRNA SNHG7 promotes cell proliferation in glioma by acting as a competing endogenous RNA and sponging miR-138-5p to regulate EZH2 expression. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:565. [PMID: 34113393 PMCID: PMC8185700 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary brain cancer in adults. Accumulating studies have reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve a significant role in the initiation and development of glioma. lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) has been previously demonstrated to serve a role in numerous glioma biological processes, including cell proliferation, invasion and migration. The present study aimed to investigate the role of SNHG7 in glioma through reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and cell function assays. The results revealed that SNHG7 expression was upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines, while microRNA (miR)-138-5p expression was downregulated. Moreover, the knockdown of SNHG7 expression decreased the proliferation of glioma cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that SNHG7 downregulated miR-138-5p expression, which subsequently affected the expression levels of its target gene, enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that SNHG7 may act as a competing endogenous RNA to sponge miR-138-5p and modulate EZH2 expression. Thus, SNHG7 may enhance glioma proliferation via modulating the miR-138-5p/EZH2 signaling axis.
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18
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He W, Cao X, Rong K, Chen X, Han S, Qin A. Combination of AZD3463 and DZNep Prevents Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer by Suppressing Akt Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652071. [PMID: 34122074 PMCID: PMC8193724 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolysis resulting from osteoclast overactivation is one of the severe complications of breast cancer metastasis to the bone. Previous studies reported that the anti-cancer agent DZNep induces cancer cell apoptosis by activating Akt signaling. However, the effect of DZNep on breast cancer bone metastasis is unknown. We previously found that DZNep enhances osteoclast differentiation by activating Akt. Therefore, we explored the use of the anti-cancer agent AZD3463 (an Akt inhibitor) along with DZNep, as AZD3463 can act as an anti-cancer agent and can also potentially ameliorate bone erosion. We evaluated osteoclast and breast cancer cell phenotypes and Akt signaling in vitro by treating cells with DZNep and AZD3463. Furthermore, we developed a breast cancer bone metastasis animal model in mouse tibiae to further determine their combined effects in vivo. Treatment of osteoclast precursor cells with DZNep alone increased osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and expression of osteoclast-specific genes. These effects were ameliorated by AZD3463. The combination of DZNep and AZD3463 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. Finally, intraperitoneal injection of DZNep and AZD3463 ameliorated tumor progression and protected against bone loss. In summary, DZNep combined with AZD3463 prevented skeletal complications and inhibited breast cancer progression by suppressing Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankun Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewei Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Kaginkar S, Priya S, Sharma U, D'Souza JS, Sen S. A potential screening method for epigenetic drugs: uncovering stress-induced gene silencing in Chlamydomonas. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:533-546. [PMID: 33455485 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1876231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Histone modifications and DNA methylation together govern promoter availability, thereby influencing gene expression. This study queries the unicellular chlorophyte, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a three step "epigenetic assay" design to phenotypically track the variegation of a randomly integrated Paromomycin resistance transgene(s) (PmR). Based on its position of integration, the PmR gene expression hinged on two epigenetic hallmarks: the spreading of heterochromatin, and the transmissible memory of epigenetic states across generations. Using a spot-dilution analysis, the loss of antibiotic resistance phenotype was scored from 0 to 4, four being maximally silenced. Appropriate construct designs were used to demonstrate that the cis-spread of heterochromatin could be interfered with a stronger euchromatic barrier (TUB2 promoter). When assayed for metal ion stress, a combination of Mn deficiency with excess Cu or Zn stress was shown to induce gene silencing in Chlamydomonas. Cu stress resulted in the accumulation of intracellular ROS, while Zn stress elevated the sensitivity to ROS. As proof of functional conservation, mammalian epigenetic drugs demonstrably interfered with stress-induced gene silencing. Finally, a selected group of transgenic clones responsive to HDACi sodium butyrate, when tested in a gradient plate format showed similarity in phenotype to the plant-derived compound cinnamic acid. This indicated a possible commonality in their mode of action, unlike curcumin which might have a different mechanism. Thus, using binned libraries, based on a common set of responses to known drugs, a cost-effective high-throughput screening strategy for epigenetically active compounds from plants or other sources is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Kaginkar
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Srishti Priya
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Upnishad Sharma
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Jacinta S D'Souza
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Subhojit Sen
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
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20
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Prudner BC, Ball T, Rathore R, Hirbe AC. Diagnosis and management of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: Current practice and future perspectives. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:i40-i49. [PMID: 32642731 PMCID: PMC7317062 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common malignancies affecting adults with the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome is the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), a highly aggressive sarcoma that typically develops from benign plexiform neurofibromas. Approximately 8-13% of individuals with NF1 will develop MPNST during young adulthood. There are few therapeutic options, and the vast majority of people with these cancers will die within 5 years of diagnosis. Despite efforts to understand the pathogenesis of these aggressive tumors, the overall prognosis remains dismal. This manuscript will review the current understanding of the cellular and molecular progression of MPNST, diagnostic workup of patients with these tumors, current treatment paradigms, and investigational treatment options. Additionally, we highlight novel areas of preclinical research, which may lead to future clinical trials. In summary, MPNST remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and future work is needed to develop novel and rational combinational therapy for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany C Prudner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis
| | - Tyler Ball
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis
| | - Richa Rathore
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis
| | - Angela C Hirbe
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis
- Neurofibromatosis Center, Washington University, St. Louis MO
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis
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21
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He L, Liao L, Du L. miR‑144‑3p inhibits tumor cell growth and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma through the downregulation of the oncogenic gene, EZH2. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:828-838. [PMID: 32626925 PMCID: PMC7307824 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play important roles in the development and progression of human malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, the unique roles of miRNAs are not yet fully understood in OSCC. The present study aimed to identify novel miRNAs associated with OSCC and to elucidate their functions. Based on a micro-array analysis, miR-144-3p was found to be one of the most significantly downregulated miRNAs in OSCC tissues. Its low expression was closely associated with tumor size, differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Functionally, miR-144-3p overexpression suppressed proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and suppressed the invasion and migration of OSCC cells. In addition, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a well-known oncogene, was proven to be a direct target of miR-144-3p, and its protein expression was negatively regulated by miR-144-3p. Moreover, EZH2 expression was increased, and inversely correlated with the miR-144-3p level in OSCC tissues. Notably, EZH2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and suppressed the invasion and migration of OSCC cells, whereas EZH2 overexpression partially reversed the anticancer effects mediated by miR-144-3p overexpression. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that miR-144-3p functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting the EZH2 oncogene, and may thus be considered as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong He
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Lifan Liao
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Liangzhi Du
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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22
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Mitchell CM, Hirst JJ, Mitchell MD, Murray HG, Zakar T. Genes upregulated in the amnion at labour are bivalently marked by activating and repressive histone modifications. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:228-240. [PMID: 30753586 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory genes are expressed increasingly in the foetal membranes at late gestation triggering birth. Here we have examined whether epigenetic histone modifications contribute to the upregulation of proinflammatory genes in the amnion in late pregnancy and at labour. Amnion samples were collected from early pregnancy, at term in the absence of labour and after spontaneous birth. The expression of the labour-associated proinflammatory genes PTGS2, BMP2 and NAMPT was determined by reverse transcription-coupled quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and sequential double ChIP were performed to determine the levels and co-occurrence of activating histone-3, lysine-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone-3, lysine-27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at the gene promoters. H3K4 methyltransferase, H3K27me3 demethylase and H3K27 methyltransferase expression was determined by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. PTGS2, BMP2 and NAMPT expression was upregulated robustly between early pregnancy and term (P < 0.05). The promoters were marked bivalently by both the H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications. Bivalence was reduced at term by the decrease of the H3K27me3-modified fraction of promoter copies marked by H3K4me3 indicating epigenetic activation. Messenger RNAs encoding the H3K4-specific methyl transferases MLL1,-2,-3,-4, SETD1A,-B and the H3K27me3-specific demethylases KDM6A,-B were expressed increasingly while the H3K27 methyl transferase EZH2 was expressed decreasingly at term. Histone modifying enzyme proteins were detected in amnion epithelial and mesenchymal cells. These results with prototypical proinflammatory genes suggest that nucleosomes at labour-promoting genes are marked bivalently in the amnion, which is shifted towards monovalent H3K4me3 modification at term when the genes are upregulated. Bivalent epigenetic regulation by histone modifying enzymes may control the timing of labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Mitchell
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jonathan J Hirst
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Murray D Mitchell
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henry G Murray
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Tamas Zakar
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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23
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Harachi M, Masui K, Honda H, Muragaki Y, Kawamata T, Cavenee WK, Mischel PS, Shibata N. Dual Regulation of Histone Methylation by mTOR Complexes Controls Glioblastoma Tumor Cell Growth via EZH2 and SAM. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1142-1152. [PMID: 32366675 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation known for DNA methylation and histone modification is critical for securing proper gene expression and chromosomal function, and its aberration induces various pathologic conditions including cancer. Trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is known to suppress various genes related to cancer cell survival and the level of H3K27me3 may have an influence on tumor progression and malignancy. However, it remains unclear how histone methylation is regulated in response to genetic mutation and microenvironmental cues to facilitate the cancer cell survival. Here, we report a novel mechanism of the specific regulation of H3K27me3 by cooperatively two mTOR complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2 in human glioblastoma (GBM). Integrated analyses revealed that mTORC1 upregulates the protein expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2, a main component of polycomb repressive complex 2 which is known as H3K27-specific methyltransferase. The other mTOR complex, mTORC2, regulates production of S-adenosylmethionine, an essential substrate for histone methylation. This cooperative regulation causes H3K27 hypermethylation which subsequently promotes tumor cell survival both in vitro and in vivo xenografted mouse tumor model. These results indicate that activated mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes cooperatively contribute to tumor progression through specific epigenetic regulation, nominating them as an exploitable therapeutic target against cancer. IMPLICATIONS: A dynamic regulation of histone methylation by mTOR complexes promotes tumor growth in human GBM, but at the same time could be exploitable as a novel therapeutic target against this deadly tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Harachi
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Masui
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Sirtuins' Deregulation in Bladder Cancer: SIRT7 Is Implicated in Tumor Progression through Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Promotion. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051066. [PMID: 32344886 PMCID: PMC7281198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are emerging players in cancer biology and other age-related disorders, and their putative role in bladder cancer (BlCa) remains elusive. Further understanding of disease biology may allow for generation of more effective pathway-based biomarkers and targeted therapies. Herein, we aimed to illuminate the role of sirtuins’ family in BlCa and evaluate their potential as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. SIRT1-7 transcripts and protein levels were evaluated in a series of primary BlCa and normal bladder mucosa tissues. SIRT7 knockdown was performed through lentiviral transduction in MGHU3, 5637 and J82 cells and its functional role was assessed. SIRT1, 2, 4 and 5 expression levels were significantly lower in BlCa, whereas SIRT6 and 7 were overexpressed, and these results were corroborated by TCGA cohort analysis. SIRT7 transcript levels were significantly decreased in muscle-invasive vs. papillary BlCa. In vitro studies showed that SIRT7 downregulation promoted cells migration and invasion. Accordingly, increased EMT markers expression and decreased E-Cadherin (CDH1) was observed in those BlCa cells. Moreover, increased EZH2 expression and H3K27me3 deposition in E-Cadherin promoter was found in sh-SIRT7 cells. We demonstrated that sirtuins are globally deregulated in BlCa, and specifically SIRT7 downregulation is implicated in EMT, fostering BlCa invasiveness through EZH2-CDH1 axis.
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25
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Huang K, Sun R, Chen J, Yang Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xie K, Zhang T, Li R, Zhao Q, Zou L, Li J. A novel EZH2 inhibitor induces synthetic lethality and apoptosis in PBRM1-deficient cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:758-771. [PMID: 32093567 PMCID: PMC7145336 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1729450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been suggested to be synthetic lethal with polybromo-1 (PBRM1) deficiency, rendering EZH2 to be an attractive target for the treatment of PBRM1 frequently mutated cancers. In the current study, we combined computational and biochemical approaches to establish an efficient system for the screening and validation of synthetic lethal inhibitors from a large pool of chemical compounds. Five putative EZH2 inhibitors were identified through structure-based virtual screening from 47,737 chemical compounds and analyzed with molecular dynamics. The efficacy of these compounds against EZH2 was tested using PBRM1 deficient and wide-type cell lines. The compound L501-1669 selectively inhibited the proliferation of PBRM1-deficient cells and down-regulated the tri-methylation of histone H3 at Lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Importantly, we also observed an increase in apoptotic activities in L501-1669 treated PBRM1-deficient cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that L501-1669 is a selective EZH2 inhibitor with promising application in the targeted therapy of PBRM1-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Huang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiarong Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianye Yang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Xie
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Ganesan A, Arimondo PB, Rots MG, Jeronimo C, Berdasco M. The timeline of epigenetic drug discovery: from reality to dreams. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:174. [PMID: 31791394 PMCID: PMC6888921 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The flexibility of the epigenome has generated an enticing argument to explore its reversion through pharmacological treatments as a strategy to ameliorate disease phenotypes. All three families of epigenetic proteins—readers, writers, and erasers—are druggable targets that can be addressed through small-molecule inhibitors. At present, a few drugs targeting epigenetic enzymes as well as analogues of epigenetic modifications have been introduced into the clinic use (e.g. to treat haematological malignancies), and a wide range of epigenetic-based drugs are undergoing clinical trials. Here, we describe the timeline of epigenetic drug discovery and development beginning with the early design based solely on phenotypic observations to the state-of-the-art rational epigenetic drug discovery using validated targets. Finally, we will highlight some of the major aspects that need further research and discuss the challenges that need to be overcome to implement epigenetic drug discovery into clinical management of human disorders. To turn into reality, researchers from various disciplines (chemists, biologists, clinicians) need to work together to optimise the drug engineering, read-out assays, and clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Marianne G Rots
- Epigenetic Editing, Dept. Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Jeronimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Berdasco
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Epigenetic Therapies, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), IJC Building, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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27
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Tsai CC, Chien MN, Chang YC, Lee JJ, Dai SH, Cheng SP. Overexpression of Histone H3 Lysine 27 Trimethylation Is Associated with Aggressiveness and Dedifferentiation of Thyroid Cancer. Endocr Pathol 2019; 30:305-311. [PMID: 31396854 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-019-09586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A variety of epigenetic dysregulations are observed in thyroid malignancies. EZH2, the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2, is upregulated in advanced thyroid cancers. EZH2 can catalyze trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and contribute to transcriptional silencing of target genes. Here, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of H3K27me3 in neoplastic and normal thyroid tissues. Normal thyroid epithelial cells typically exhibited nuclear staining of moderate intensity. A similar expression pattern was observed in nodular goiters and follicular adenomas. By contrast, strong H3K27me3 expression was evident in 80% (8/10) lymphocytic thyroiditis, 63% (80/127) papillary thyroid cancer, 41% (7/17) follicular thyroid cancer, and 73% (8/11) poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer. In differentiated thyroid cancer, strong H3K27me3 expression was associated with extrathyroidal extension (p < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.029), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.006), and higher risk of recurrence (p = 0.003). Our results indicate that H3K27me3 overexpression may be implicated in aggressiveness and dedifferentiation of thyroid cancer. In addition to prognostication, the predictive value of H3K27me3 expression deserves further investigation given the recent development of epigenetic targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Tsai
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, 92, Section 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Nan Chien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ching Chang
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, 92, Section 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Jen Lee
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, 92, Section 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Han Dai
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, 92, Section 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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28
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Maurer B, Kollmann S, Pickem J, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Sexl V. STAT5A and STAT5B-Twins with Different Personalities in Hematopoiesis and Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1726. [PMID: 31690038 PMCID: PMC6895831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors STAT5A and STAT5B have essential roles in survival and proliferation of hematopoietic cells-which have been considered largely redundant. Mutations of upstream kinases, copy number gains, or activating mutations in STAT5A, or more frequently in STAT5B, cause altered hematopoiesis and cancer. Interfering with their activity by pharmacological intervention is an up-and-coming therapeutic avenue. Precision medicine requests detailed knowledge of STAT5A's and STAT5B's individual functions. Recent evidence highlights the privileged role for STAT5B over STAT5A in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Here, we provide an overview on their individual functions within the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maurer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sebastian Kollmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Pickem
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Hoelbl-Kovacic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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29
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De La Rosa J, Urdiciain A, Zazpe I, Zelaya MV, Meléndez B, Rey JA, Idoate MA, Castresana JS. The synergistic effect of DZ‑NEP, panobinostat and temozolomide reduces clonogenicity and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:283-300. [PMID: 31746375 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment against glioblastoma consists of surgical resection followed by temozolomide, with or without combined radiotherapy. Glioblastoma frequently acquires resistance to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Novel therapeutic approaches are thus required. The inhibition of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2; a histone methylase) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are possible epigenetic treatments. Temozolomide, 3‑deazaneplanocin A (DZ‑Nep; an EZH2 inhibitor) and panobinostat (an HDAC inhibitor) were tested in regular and temozolomide‑resistant glioblastoma cells to confirm whether the compounds could behave in a synergistic, additive or antagonistic manner. A total of six commercial cell lines, two temozolomide‑induced resistant cell lines and two primary cultures derived from glioblastoma samples were used. Cell lines were exposed to single treatments of the drugs in addition to all possible two‑ and three‑drug combinations. Colony formation assays, synergistic assays and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis of apoptosis‑associated genes were performed. The highest synergistic combination was DZ‑Nep + panobinostat. Triple treatment was also synergistic. Reduced clonogenicity and increased apoptosis were both induced. It was concluded that the therapeutic potential of the combination of these three drugs in glioblastoma was evident and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier De La Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Urdiciain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Idoya Zazpe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Complex of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María V Zelaya
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Complex of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Meléndez
- Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Salud Hospital, 45005 Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan A Rey
- IdiPaz Research Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Idoate
- Department of Pathology, University of Navarra Clinic, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier S Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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30
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Mechaal A, Menif S, Abbes S, Safra I. EZH2, new diagnosis and prognosis marker in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:395-401. [PMID: 31331874 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease. The discovery of novel discriminative biomarkers remains of utmost value for improving outcome predictions. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase of H3K27me3. It is frequently up-regulated in human cancers and associated with silencing of differentiation genes. We aimed herein to investigate the prevalence and prognosis impact of somatic EZH2 mutations and their potential associations with other prognostic markers FLT3, NPM1, DNMT3A and IDH2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study population was composed of 211 Tunisian patients with de novo AML and 14 healthy donors. The 11 last exons coding the set domain of EZH2 were investigated by PCR and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS EZH2 mutations were identified in 66/211 (31%) patients with a sex ratio of 1.06. The presence of EZH2 mutations was statistically significantly associated with failure consolidation therapy (p = 0.004). There were no differences in the incidence of EZH2 mutations and FLT3-ITD, NPM1, DNMT3A and IDH2 mutations. When EZH2 mutations were associated with those of FLT3 or IDH2, a short duration of progression free survival was observed (p < 0.05). Moreover, CD7 aberrant markers conferred a poor prognosis in EZH2 mutated patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Given these data we conclude that EZH2 mutations are frequent in our patients, and can be used as a prognosis marker in combination with FLT3, IDH2 mutations and CD7 marker, to stratify AML patients and to guide therapeutic decisions.
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Milković L, Tomljanović M, Čipak Gašparović A, Novak Kujundžić R, Šimunić D, Konjevoda P, Mojzeš A, Đaković N, Žarković N, Gall Trošelj K. Nutritional Stress in Head and Neck Cancer Originating Cell Lines: The Sensitivity of the NRF2-NQO1 Axis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091001. [PMID: 31470592 PMCID: PMC6769674 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional stress disturbs the cellular redox-status, which is characterized by the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The NRF2-NQO1 axis represents a protective mechanism against ROS. Its strength is cell type-specific. FaDu, Cal 27 and Detroit 562 cells differ with respect to basal NQO1 activity. These cells were grown for 48 hours in nutritional conditions (NC): (a) Low glucose-NC2, (b) no glucose, no glutamine-NC3, (c) no glucose with glutamine-NC4. After determining the viability, proliferation and ROS generation, NC2 and NC3 were chosen for further exploration. These conditions were also applied to IMR-90 fibroblasts. The transcripts/transcript variants of NRF2 and NQO1 were quantified and transcript variants were characterized. The proteins (NRF2, NQO1 and TP53) were analyzed by a western blot in both cellular fractions. Under NC2, the NRF2-NQO1 axis did not appear activated in the cancer cell lines. Under NC3, the NRF2-NQO1axis appeared slightly activated in Detroit 562. There are opposite trends with respect to TP53 nuclear signal when comparing Cal 27 and Detroit 562 to FaDu, under NC2 and NC3. The strong activation of the NRF2-NQO1 axis in IMR-90 resulted in an increased expression of catalytically deficient NQO1, due to NQO1*2/*2 polymorphism (rs1800566). The presented results call for a comprehensive exploration of the stress response in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Milković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Tomljanović
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Čipak Gašparović
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Novak Kujundžić
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dina Šimunić
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paško Konjevoda
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Mojzeš
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Đaković
- University Hospital Centre Sisters of Charity, Institute for Clinical Medical Research and Education, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Žarković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Koraljka Gall Trošelj
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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32
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Chen J, Chen X, Yao J, Li M, Yang X. The combination of Decitabine and EPZ-6438 effectively facilitate adipogenic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:307-312. [PMID: 31256938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a novel type of mesenchymal stem cell, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPMSCs) have huge potential for cell therapy. iPMSCs exhibited the typical characteristics of MSCs, whereas the tri-lineage differentiation potential is limited, especially the adipogenic propensity. Here, to reveal the molecular mechanism we carried out the epigenetic comparisons between the iPMSCs and the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs). We found that the iPMSCs was significantly higher than the BMSCs in terms of genome-wide DNA methylation. Meanwhile, the adipogenic gene PPARγ promoter region existed hypermethylation. In addition, compared with EMSCs and BMSCs, iPMSCs had significant differences in the histones epigenetic modification of methylation and acetylation, especially high levels of histone 27 lysine trimethylation (H3K27me3). Furthermore, the epigenetic modifiers Decitabine and EPZ6438 effectively upregulated the gene expression of PPARγ and promoted the adipogenic differentiation of iPMSCs via chromatin remodeling. Taken together, our findings set new metrics to the applications for improving the efficiency and the therapeutic potential of iPMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Fujian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350001, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Quanzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China; Fuzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou, 350005, PR China.
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33
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Humphries B, Wang Z, Yang C. MicroRNA Regulation of Epigenetic Modifiers in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E897. [PMID: 31252590 PMCID: PMC6678197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the heritable changes in gene expression without a change in the DNA sequence itself. Two of these major changes include aberrant DNA methylation as well as changes to histone modification patterns. Alterations to the epigenome can drive expression of oncogenes and suppression of tumor suppressors, resulting in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In addition to modifications of the epigenome, microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is also a hallmark for cancer initiation and metastasis. Advances in our understanding of cancer biology demonstrate that alterations in the epigenome are not only a major cause of miRNA dysregulation in cancer, but that miRNAs themselves also indirectly drive these DNA and histone modifications. More explicitly, recent work has shown that miRNAs can regulate chromatin structure and gene expression by directly targeting key enzymes involved in these processes. This review aims to summarize these research findings specifically in the context of breast cancer. This review also discusses miRNAs as epigenetic biomarkers and as therapeutics, and presents a comprehensive summary of currently validated epigenetic targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; USA.
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
- Center for Research on Environment Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536; USA.
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34
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Ghosh K, Chatterjee B, Maheswari U, Athifa M, Kanade SR. 4-Nonylphenol-enhanced EZH2 and RNF2 expression, H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub1 marks resulting in silencing of p21CDKN1A in vitro. Epigenomics 2019; 11:899-916. [PMID: 31144530 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To examine the impact of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), on the expression of polycomb repressive complexes and cellular proliferation. Materials & methods: Cell proliferation assays, quantitative PCR, Western blotting, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR were used for the study. Results: The 4-NP at 100 nM concentration significantly increased proliferation of MCF-7 cells. It enhanced the expression of RNF2-BMI1 and EZH2-SUZ12 and concomitantly increased H2AK119ub1 and H3K27me3 repressive marks at p21 proximal promoter resulting in its reduced expression. Selective inhibition of RNF2 or EZH2 reverted the 4-NP action. The phospho-CREB, SP1 and E2F-1 are enriched at proximal promoter of RNF2 and EZH2 and cyclin D1, but not p21. Conclusion: The 4-NP-mediated upregulation of RNF2 and EZH2 resulted in epigenetic silencing of p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Biji Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Uma Maheswari
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Mariyam Athifa
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India.,Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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35
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Karlowee V, Amatya V, Takayasu T, Takano M, Yonezawa U, Takeshima Y, Sugiyama K, Kurisu K, Yamasaki F. Immunostaining of Increased Expression of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) in Diffuse Midline Glioma H3K27M-Mutant Patients with Poor Survival. Pathobiology 2019; 86:152-161. [DOI: 10.1159/000496691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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36
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RREB1-induced upregulation of the lncRNA AGAP2-AS1 regulates the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer partly through suppressing ANKRD1 and ANGPTL4. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:207. [PMID: 30814490 PMCID: PMC6393474 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in a variety of human diseases, including cancers. However, their mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. We investigated lncRNA changes that may be associated with pancreatic cancer (PC) by analyzing published microarray data, and identified AGAP2-AS1 as a relatively overexpressed lncRNA in PC tissues. qRT-PCR assays were performed to examine expression levels of AGAP2-AS1. MTT assays, colony formation assays, and EdU assays were used to determine the proliferative capacity of cells. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assays were used to study the regulation of AGAP2-AS1 in the cell cycle and apoptosis. Transwell experiments were used to study changes in cell invasion and metastasis, and a nude mouse model was established to assess the effects of AGAP2-AS1 on tumorigenesis in vivo. RNA sequencing was performed to probe AGAP2-AS1-related pathways. Subcellular fractionation and FISH assays were used to determine the distribution of AGAP2-AS1 in PC cells, and RIP and ChIP were used to determine the molecular mechanism of AGAP2-AS1-mediated regulation of potential target genes. Increased expression of AGAP2-AS1 was associated with tumor size and pathological stage progression in patients with PC. RREB1 was found to activate transcription of AGAP2-AS1 in PC cells. AGAP2-AS1 affected proliferation, apoptosis, cycle arrest, invasion, and metastasis of PC cells in vitro, and AGAP2-AS1 regulated PC proliferation in vivo. Furthermore, AGAP2-AS1 epigenetically inhibited the expression of ANKRD1 and ANGPTL4 by recruiting zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), thereby promoting PC proliferation and metastasis. In summary, our data show that RREB1-induced upregulation of AGAP2-AS1 regulates cell proliferation and migration in PC partly through suppressing ANKRD1 and ANGPTL4 by recruiting EZH2. AGAP2-AS1 represents a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of PC in the future.
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Griffiths S, Loveday C, Zachariou A, Behan LA, Chandler K, Cole T, D'Arrigo S, Dieckmann A, Foster A, Gibney J, Hunter M, Milani D, Pantaleoni C, Roche E, Sherlock M, Springer A, White SM, Tatton-Brown K. EED and EZH2 constitutive variants: A study to expand the Cohen-Gibson syndrome phenotype and contrast it with Weaver syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:588-594. [PMID: 30793471 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Overgrowth-intellectual disability (OGID) syndromes are characterized by increased growth (height and/or head circumference ≥+2 SD) in association with an intellectual disability. Constitutive EED variants have previously been reported in five individuals with an OGID syndrome, eponymously designated Cohen-Gibson syndrome and resembling Weaver syndrome. Here, we report three additional individuals with constitutive EED variants, identified through exome sequencing of an OGID patient series. We compare the EED phenotype with that of Weaver syndrome (56 individuals), caused by constitutive EZH2 variants. We conclude that while there is considerable overlap between the EED and EZH2 phenotypes with both characteristically associated with increased growth and an intellectual disability, individuals with EED variants more frequently have cardiac problems and cervical spine abnormalities, boys have cryptorchidism and the facial gestalts can usually be distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Griffiths
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chey Loveday
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zachariou
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy-Ann Behan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Paediatric Growth, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kate Chandler
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Cole
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Dieckmann
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alison Foster
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Gibney
- Department of Paediatric Growth, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Hunter
- Department of Genetics, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pantaleoni
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Edna Roche
- Department of Paediatric Growth, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Sherlock
- Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda Springer
- Department of Genetics, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina Tatton-Brown
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom.,South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London, United Kingdom
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Vorinostat, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, abrogates productive HPV-18 DNA amplification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11138-E11147. [PMID: 30385631 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801156115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause epithelial proliferative diseases. Persistent infection of the mucosal epithelia by the high-risk genotypes can progress to high-grade dysplasia and cancers. Viral transcription and protein activities are intimately linked to regulation by histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) that remodel chromatin and regulate gene expression. HDACs are also essential to remodel and repair replicating chromatin to enable the progression of replication forks. As such, Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroximic acid), and other pan-HDAC inhibitors, are used to treat lymphomas. Here, we investigated the effects of Vorinostat on productive infection of the high-risk HPV-18 in organotypic cultures of primary human keratinocytes. HPV DNA amplifies in the postmitotic, differentiated cells of squamous epithelia, in which the viral oncoproteins E7 and E6 establish a permissive milieu by destabilizing major tumor suppressors, the pRB family proteins and p53, respectively. We showed that Vorinostat significantly reduced these E6 and E7 activities, abrogated viral DNA amplification, and inhibited host DNA replication. The E7-induced DNA damage response, which is critical for both events, was also compromised. Consequently, Vorinostat exposure led to DNA damage and triggered apoptosis in HPV-infected, differentiated cells, whereas uninfected tissues were spared. Apoptosis was attributed to highly elevated proapoptotic Bim isoforms that are known to be repressed by EZH2 in a repressor complex containing HDACs. Two other HDAC inhibitors, Belinostat and Panobinostat, also inhibited viral DNA amplification and cause apoptosis. We suggest that HDAC inhibitors are promising therapeutic agents to treat benign HPV infections, abrogate progeny virus production, and hence interrupt transmission.
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Transcriptomic and functional network features of lung squamous cell carcinoma through integrative analysis of GEO and TCGA data. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15834. [PMID: 30367091 PMCID: PMC6203807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is associated with poor clinical prognosis and lacks available targeted therapy. Novel molecules are urgently required for the diagnosis and prognosis of LUSC. Here, we conducted our data mining analysis for LUSC by integrating the differentially expressed genes acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database by comparing tumor tissues versus normal tissues (GSE8569, GSE21933, GSE33479, GSE33532, GSE40275, GSE62113, GSE74706) into The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database which includes 502 tumors and 49 adjacent non-tumor lung tissues. We identified intersections of 129 genes (91 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated) between GEO data and TCGA data. Based on these genes, we conducted our downstream analysis including functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and survival analysis. This study may provide more insight into the transcriptomic and functional features of LUSC through integrative analysis of GEO and TCGA data and suggests therapeutic targets and biomarkers for LUSC.
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40
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A Novel lncRNA, LINC00460, Affects Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis by Regulating KLF2 and CUL4A Expression in Colorectal Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:684-697. [PMID: 30092404 PMCID: PMC6083012 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has proven that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in human colorectal cancer (CRC) biology, although few lncRNAs have been characterized in CRC. Therefore, the functional significance of lncRNAs in the malignant progression of CRC still needs to be further explored. In this study, through analyzing TCGA RNA sequencing data and other publicly available microarray data, we found a novel lncRNA, LINC00460, whose expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Consistently, real-time qPCR results also verified that LINC00460 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and cells. Furthermore, high LINC00460 expression levels in CRC specimens were correlated with larger tumor size, advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and shorter overall survival. In vitro and in vivo assays of LINC00460 alterations revealed a complex integrated phenotype affecting cell growth and apoptosis. Mechanistically, LINC00460 repressed Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) transcription by binding to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). LINC00460 also functioned as a molecular sponge for miR-149-5p, antagonizing its ability to repress cullin 4A (CUL4A) protein translation. Taken together, our findings support a model in which the LINC00460/EZH2/KLF2 and LINC00460/miR-149-5p/CUL4A crosstalk serve as critical effectors in CRC tumorigenesis and progression, suggesting new therapeutic directions in CRC.
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41
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Marasca F, Bodega B, Orlando V. How Polycomb-Mediated Cell Memory Deals With a Changing Environment. Bioessays 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marasca
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”; Milan 20122 Italy
| | - Beatrice Bodega
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”; Milan 20122 Italy
| | - Valerio Orlando
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Environmental Epigenetics Research Program; Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division; Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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42
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Qin H, Zhang G, Zhang L. GSK126 (EZH2 inhibitor) interferes with ultraviolet A radiation-induced photoaging of human skin fibroblast cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3439-3448. [PMID: 29545866 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group genes (PcG) encode chromatin modification proteins that are involved in the epigenetic regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation and the aging processes. The key subunit of the PcG complex, enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2), has a central role in a variety of mechanisms, such as the formation of chromatin structure, gene expression regulation and DNA damage. In the present study, ultraviolet A (UVA) was used to radiate human dermal fibroblasts in order to construct a photo-aged cell model. Subsequently, the cell viability assay, Hoechst staining, apoptosis detection using flow cytometry, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and erythrocyte exclusion experiments were performed. GSK126, a histone methylation enzyme inhibitor of EZH2, was used as an experimental factor. Results suggested that GSK126 downregulated the mRNA expression levels of EZH2 and upregulated the mRNA expression levels of BMI-1. Notably, GSK126 affected the transcription of various photoaging-related genes and thus protected against photoaging induced by UVA radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Lianbo Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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43
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Diets IJ, Waanders E, Ligtenberg MJ, van Bladel DAG, Kamping EJ, Hoogerbrugge PM, Hopman S, Olderode-Berends MJ, Gerkes EH, Koolen DA, Marcelis C, Santen GW, van Belzen MJ, Mordaunt D, McGregor L, Thompson E, Kattamis A, Pastorczak A, Mlynarski W, Ilencikova D, van Silfhout AV, Gardeitchik T, de Bont ES, Loeffen J, Wagner A, Mensenkamp AR, Kuiper RP, Hoogerbrugge N, Jongmans MC. High Yield of Pathogenic Germline Mutations Causative or Likely Causative of the Cancer Phenotype in Selected Children with Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1594-1603. [PMID: 29351919 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: In many children with cancer and characteristics suggestive of a genetic predisposition syndrome, the genetic cause is still unknown. We studied the yield of pathogenic mutations by applying whole-exome sequencing on a selected cohort of children with cancer.Experimental Design: To identify mutations in known and novel cancer-predisposing genes, we performed trio-based whole-exome sequencing on germline DNA of 40 selected children and their parents. These children were diagnosed with cancer and had at least one of the following features: (1) intellectual disability and/or congenital anomalies, (2) multiple malignancies, (3) family history of cancer, or (4) an adult type of cancer. We first analyzed the sequence data for germline mutations in 146 known cancer-predisposing genes. If no causative mutation was found, the analysis was extended to the whole exome.Results: Four patients carried causative mutations in a known cancer-predisposing gene: TP53 and DICER1 (n = 3). In another 4 patients, exome sequencing revealed mutations causing syndromes that might have contributed to the malignancy (EP300-based Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, ARID1A-based Coffin-Siris syndrome, ACTB-based Baraitser-Winter syndrome, and EZH2-based Weaver syndrome). In addition, we identified two genes, KDM3B and TYK2, which are possibly involved in genetic cancer predisposition.Conclusions: In our selected cohort of patients, pathogenic germline mutations causative or likely causative of the cancer phenotype were found in 8 patients, and two possible novel cancer-predisposing genes were identified. Therewith, our study shows the added value of sequencing beyond a cancer gene panel in selected patients, to recognize childhood cancer predisposition. Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1594-603. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illja J Diets
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Esmé Waanders
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J Ligtenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Diede A G van Bladel
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline J Kamping
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia Hopman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maran J Olderode-Berends
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erica H Gerkes
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - David A Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo Marcelis
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs W Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martine J van Belzen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dylan Mordaunt
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lesley McGregor
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Agata Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Mlynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Denisa Ilencikova
- 2nd Pediatric Department, Children's University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Thatjana Gardeitchik
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline S de Bont
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Loeffen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Wagner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roland P Kuiper
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn C Jongmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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44
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Wang H, Guo R, Du Z, Bai L, Li L, Cui J, Li W, Hoffman AR, Hu JF. Epigenetic Targeting of Granulin in Hepatoma Cells by Synthetic CRISPR dCas9 Epi-suppressors. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 11:23-33. [PMID: 29858058 PMCID: PMC5849805 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR-associated Cas9 system can modulate disease-causing alleles both in vivo and ex vivo, raising the possibility of therapeutic genome editing. In addition to gene targeting, epigenetic modulation by the catalytically inactive dCas9 may also be a potential form of cancer therapy. Granulin (GRN), a potent pluripotent mitogen and growth factor that promotes cancer progression by maintaining self-renewal of hepatic stem cancer cells, is upregulated in hepatoma tissues and is associated with decreased tumor survival in patients with hepatoma. We synthesized a group of dCas9 epi-suppressors to target GRN by tethering the C terminus of dCas9 with three epigenetic suppressor genes: DNMT3a (DNA methyltransferase), EZH2 (histone 3 lysine 27 methyltransferase), and KRAB (the Krüppel-associated box transcriptional repression domain). In conjunction with guide RNAs (gRNAs), the dCas9 epi-suppressors caused significant decreases in GRN mRNA abundance in Hep3B hepatoma cells. These dCas9 epi-suppressors initiated de novo CpG DNA methylation in the GRN promoter, and they produced histone codes that favor gene suppression, including decreased H3K4 methylation, increased H3K9 methylation, and enhanced HP1a binding. Epigenetic knockdown of GRN led to the inhibition of cell proliferation, decreased tumor sphere formation, and reduced cell invasion. These changes were achieved at least partially through the MMP/TIMP pathway. This study thus demonstrates the potential utility of using dCas9 epi-suppressors in the development of epigenetic targeting against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Rui Guo
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zhonghua Du
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Epigenetic targets are exciting new avenues for cancer drug discovery. Zhang and colleagues have designed the open-source EZH2 inhibitor JQEZ5 and shown antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo in preclinical studies in murine and human lung adenocarcinoma models expressing high levels of EZH2. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 949-52. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Zhang and colleagues, p. 1006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur E Frankel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xin Liu
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biologic Sciences and Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John D Minna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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46
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Boehm D, Ott M. Host Methyltransferases and Demethylases: Potential New Epigenetic Targets for HIV Cure Strategies and Beyond. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:S8-S22. [PMID: 29140109 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful HIV cure strategy may require reversing HIV latency to purge hidden viral reservoirs or enhancing HIV latency to permanently silence HIV transcription. Epigenetic modifying agents show promise as antilatency therapeutics in vitro and ex vivo, but also affect other steps in the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize what we know about cellular DNA and protein methyltransferases (PMTs) as well as demethylases involved in HIV infection. We describe the biology and function of DNA methyltransferases, and their controversial role in HIV infection. We further explain the biology of PMTs and their effects on lysine and arginine methylation of histone and nonhistone proteins. We end with a focus on protein demethylases, their unique modes of action and their emerging influence on HIV infection. An outlook on the use of methylation-modifying agents in investigational HIV cure strategies is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Boehm
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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47
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Vilorio-Marqués L, Martín V, Diez-Tascón C, González-Sevilla MF, Fernández-Villa T, Honrado E, Davila-Batista V, Molina AJ. The role of EZH2 in overall survival of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13806. [PMID: 29061982 PMCID: PMC5653815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalitic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 and mediates gene silencing. EZH2 is overexpressed in many cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. The role of the gene EZH2 in colorectal cancer survival is uncertainly, the aim of this study is clear this relationship. Relevant literaure was searched from electronic databases. A meta-analysis was performed with elegible studies which quantitatively evaluated the relationship between EZH2 overexpression and survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Survival data were aggregated and quantitatively analyzed. We performed a meta-analysis of 8 studies (n = 1059 patients) that evaluated the correlation between EZH2 overexpression and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Combined hazard ratios suggested that EZH2 overexpression was associated with better prognosis of overall survival (OS) HR(hazard ratio) = 0.61 95% CI (0.38-0.84) We performed bias analysis according Egger and Begg,s test and we did not find publication bias. EZH2 overexpression indicates a better prognosis for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vilorio-Marqués
- GIIGAS: Grupo de Investigación en Interacción Gen-Ambiente-Salud, Dpt of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, Leon, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín
- GIIGAS: Grupo de Investigación en Interacción Gen-Ambiente-Salud, Dpt of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, Leon, Spain
- CIBERESP, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Diez-Tascón
- Banco de Tumores, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Leon, Spain
| | - María Francisca González-Sevilla
- GIIGAS: Grupo en interacción Gen-Ambiente-Salud, Dpt of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Physiology, University of León, Leon, Spain
| | - Tania Fernández-Villa
- GIIGAS: Grupo de Investigación en Interacción Gen-Ambiente-Salud, Dpt of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, Leon, Spain
| | - Emiliano Honrado
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Leon, Spain
| | - Veronica Davila-Batista
- GIIGAS: Grupo de Investigación en Interacción Gen-Ambiente-Salud, Dpt of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, Leon, Spain
| | - Antonio J Molina
- GIIGAS: Grupo de Investigación en Interacción Gen-Ambiente-Salud, Dpt of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, Leon, Spain.
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Shahabipour F, Caraglia M, Majeed M, Derosa G, Maffioli P, Sahebkar A. Naturally occurring anti-cancer agents targeting EZH2. Cancer Lett 2017; 400:325-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Hirbe AC, Gutmann DH. The management of neurofibromatosis type 1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: challenges, progress, and future prospects. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1348294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela C. Hirbe
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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50
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Beckermann KE, Sharma D, Chaturvedi S, Msaouel P, Abboud MR, Allory Y, Bourdeaut F, Calderaro J, de Cubas AA, Derebail VK, Hong AL, Naik RP, Malouf GG, Mullen EA, Reuter VE, Roberts CW, Walker CL, Wood CG, DeBaun MR, Van Poppel H, Tannir NM, Rathmell WK. Renal Medullary Carcinoma: Establishing Standards in Practice. J Oncol Pract 2017; 13:414-421. [PMID: 28697319 PMCID: PMC5508447 DOI: 10.1200/jop.2017.020909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare subtype of kidney cancer, it is particularly devastating in that it is nearly uniformly lethal. No established guidelines exist for the diagnosis and management of RMC. In April 2016, a panel of experts developed clinical guidelines on the basis of a literature review and consensus statements. The goal was to propose recommendations for standardized diagnostic and management approaches and to establish an international clinical registry and biorepository for RMC. Published data are limited to case reports and small retrospective reviews. The RMC Working Group prepared recommendations to inform providers and patients faced with a low level of medical evidence. The diagnosis of RMC should be considered in all patients younger than 50 years with poorly differentiated carcinoma that arises from the renal medulla. These patients should be tested for sickle cell hemoglobinopathies, and if positive, SMARCB1/INI1 loss should be confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The majority of patients with RMC are diagnosed with metastatic disease. Upfront radical nephrectomy should be considered in patients with good performance status and low metastatic burden or after response to systemic therapy. Currently, cytotoxic, platinum-based chemotherapy provides the best, albeit brief, palliative clinical benefit. Vascular endothelial growth factor-directed therapies and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors are ineffective in RMC as monotherapy. Therapeutic trials of novel agents are now available for RMC, and every effort should be made to enroll patients in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Beckermann
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deva Sharma
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shruti Chaturvedi
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Miguel R. Abboud
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yves Allory
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aguirre A. de Cubas
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vimal K. Derebail
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrew L. Hong
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rakhi P. Naik
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriel G. Malouf
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A. Mullen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Victor E. Reuter
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles W.M. Roberts
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cheryl L. Walker
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher G. Wood
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael R. DeBaun
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Van Poppel
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nizar M. Tannir
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - W. Kimryn Rathmell
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil; Institut Curie; University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Corresponding author: W. Kimryn Rathmell, MD, PhD, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 777 Preston Research Bldg, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232; e-mail:
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