1
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Iaccarino L, Llibre-Guerra JJ, McDade E, Edwards L, Gordon B, Benzinger T, Hassenstab J, Kramer JH, Li Y, Miller BL, Miller Z, Morris JC, Mundada N, Perrin RJ, Rosen HJ, Soleimani-Meigooni D, Strom A, Tsoy E, Wang G, Xiong C, Allegri R, Chrem P, Vazquez S, Berman SB, Chhatwal J, Masters CL, Farlow MR, Jucker M, Levin J, Salloway S, Fox NC, Day GS, Gorno-Tempini ML, Boxer AL, La Joie R, Bateman R, Rabinovici GD. Molecular neuroimaging in dominantly inherited versus sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae159. [PMID: 38784820 PMCID: PMC11114609 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5% of Alzheimer's disease patients develop symptoms before age 65 (early-onset Alzheimer's disease), with either sporadic (sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease) or dominantly inherited (dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease) presentations. Both sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease and dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease are characterized by brain amyloid-β accumulation, tau tangles, hypometabolism and neurodegeneration, but differences in topography and magnitude of these pathological changes are not fully elucidated. In this study, we directly compared patterns of amyloid-β plaque deposition and glucose hypometabolism in sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease and dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease individuals. Our analysis included 134 symptomatic sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease amyloid-Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-positive cases from the University of California, San Francisco, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (mean ± SD age 59.7 ± 5.6 years), 89 symptomatic dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease cases (age 45.8 ± 9.3 years) and 102 cognitively unimpaired non-mutation carriers from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network study (age 44.9 ± 9.2). Each group underwent clinical and cognitive examinations, 11C-labelled Pittsburgh Compound B-PET and structural MRI. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET was also available for most participants. Positron Emission Tomography scans from both studies were uniformly processed to obtain a standardized uptake value ratio (PIB50-70 cerebellar grey reference and FDG30-60 pons reference) images. Statistical analyses included pairwise global and voxelwise group comparisons and group-independent component analyses. Analyses were performed also adjusting for covariates including age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination, apolipoprotein ε4 status and average composite cortical of standardized uptake value ratio. Compared with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease, sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease participants were older at age of onset (mean ± SD, 54.8 ± 8.2 versus 41.9 ± 8.2, Cohen's d = 1.91), with more years of education (16.4 ± 2.8 versus 13.5 ± 3.2, d = 1) and more likely to be apolipoprotein ε4 carriers (54.6% ε4 versus 28.1%, Cramer's V = 0.26), but similar Mini-Mental State Examination (20.6 ± 6.1 versus 21.2 ± 7.4, d = 0.08). Sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease had higher global cortical Pittsburgh Compound B-PET binding (mean ± SD standardized uptake value ratio, 1.92 ± 0.29 versus 1.58 ± 0.44, d = 0.96) and greater global cortical 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET hypometabolism (mean ± SD standardized uptake value ratio, 1.32 ± 0.1 versus 1.39 ± 0.19, d = 0.48) compared with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease. Fully adjusted comparisons demonstrated relatively higher Pittsburgh Compound B-PET standardized uptake value ratio in the medial occipital, thalami, basal ganglia and medial/dorsal frontal regions in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease versus sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease showed relatively greater 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET hypometabolism in Alzheimer's disease signature temporoparietal regions and caudate nuclei, whereas dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease showed relatively greater hypometabolism in frontal white matter and pericentral regions. Independent component analyses largely replicated these findings by highlighting common and unique Pittsburgh Compound B-PET and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET binding patterns. In summary, our findings suggest both common and distinct patterns of amyloid and glucose hypometabolism in sporadic and dominantly inherited early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Iaccarino
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jorge J Llibre-Guerra
- The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), St Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Eric McDade
- The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), St Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Lauren Edwards
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tammie Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), St Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zachary Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John C Morris
- The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), St Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Nidhi Mundada
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David Soleimani-Meigooni
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amelia Strom
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Elena Tsoy
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guoqiao Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Patricio Chrem
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Silvia Vazquez
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Sarah B Berman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Colin L Masters
- Department of Neuroscience, Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Neuroscience Center, Indiana University School of Medicine at Indianapolis, Indiana, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mathias Jucker
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich 81377, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Stephen Salloway
- Memory & Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Brown University in Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Gregory S Day
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 33224, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Randall Bateman
- The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), St Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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2
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Subramaniam S, Boregowda S. Curbing Rhes Actions: Mechanism-based Molecular Target for Huntington's Disease and Tauopathies. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:21-29. [PMID: 36959146 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230320103518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
A highly interconnected network of diverse brain regions is necessary for the precise execution of human behaviors, including cognitive, psychiatric, and motor functions. Unfortunately, degeneration of specific brain regions causes several neurodegenerative disorders, but the mechanisms that elicit selective neuronal vulnerability remain unclear. This knowledge gap greatly hinders the development of effective mechanism-based therapies, despite the desperate need for new treatments. Here, we emphasize the importance of the Rhes (Ras homolog-enriched in the striatum) protein as an emerging therapeutic target. Rhes, an atypical small GTPase with a SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) E3-ligase activity, modulates biological processes such as dopaminergic transmission, alters gene expression, and acts as an inhibitor of motor stimuli in the brain striatum. Mutations in the Rhes gene have also been identified in selected patients with autism and schizophrenia. Moreover, Rhes SUMOylates pathogenic form of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) and tau, enhancing their solubility and cell toxicity in Huntington's disease and tauopathy models. Notably, Rhes uses membrane projections resembling tunneling nanotubes to transport mHTT between cells and Rhes deletion diminishes mHTT spread in the brain. Thus, we predict that effective strategies aimed at diminishing brain Rhes levels will prevent or minimize the abnormalities that occur in HD and tauopathies and potentially in other brain disorders. We review the emerging technologies that enable specific targeting of Rhes in the brain to develop effective disease-modifying therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Subramaniam
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, 130 Scripps Way, C323, Florida, Jupiter, 33458, USA
| | - Siddaraju Boregowda
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, 130 Scripps Way, C323, Florida, Jupiter, 33458, USA
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Burnham SC, Iaccarino L, Pontecorvo MJ, Fleisher AS, Lu M, Collins EC, Devous MD. A review of the flortaucipir literature for positron emission tomography imaging of tau neurofibrillary tangles. Brain Commun 2023; 6:fcad305. [PMID: 38187878 PMCID: PMC10768888 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is defined by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles potentially preceding clinical symptoms by many years. Previously only detectable post-mortem, these pathological hallmarks are now identifiable using biomarkers, permitting an in vivo definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. 18F-flortaucipir (previously known as 18F-T807; 18F-AV-1451) was the first tau positron emission tomography tracer to be introduced and is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved tau positron emission tomography tracer (Tauvid™). It has been widely adopted and validated in a number of independent research and clinical settings. In this review, we present an overview of the published literature on flortaucipir for positron emission tomography imaging of neurofibrillary tau tangles. We considered all accessible peer-reviewed literature pertaining to flortaucipir through 30 April 2022. We found 474 relevant peer-reviewed publications, which were organized into the following categories based on their primary focus: typical Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and pre-symptomatic populations; atypical Alzheimer's disease; non-Alzheimer's disease neurodegenerative conditions; head-to-head comparisons with other Tau positron emission tomography tracers; and technical considerations. The available flortaucipir literature provides substantial evidence for the use of this positron emission tomography tracer in assessing neurofibrillary tau tangles in Alzheimer's disease and limited support for its use in other neurodegenerative disorders. Visual interpretation and quantitation approaches, although heterogeneous, mostly converge and demonstrate the high diagnostic and prognostic value of flortaucipir in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ming Lu
- Avid, Eli Lilly and Company, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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4
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Llibre-Guerra JJ, Iaccarino L, Coble D, Edwards L, Li Y, McDade E, Strom A, Gordon B, Mundada N, Schindler SE, Tsoy E, Ma Y, Lu R, Fagan AM, Benzinger TLS, Soleimani-Meigooni D, Aschenbrenner AJ, Miller Z, Wang G, Kramer JH, Hassenstab J, Rosen HJ, Morris JC, Miller BL, Xiong C, Perrin RJ, Allegri R, Chrem P, Surace E, Berman SB, Chhatwal J, Masters CL, Farlow MR, Jucker M, Levin J, Fox NC, Day G, Gorno-Tempini ML, Boxer AL, La Joie R, Rabinovici GD, Bateman R. Longitudinal clinical, cognitive and biomarker profiles in dominantly inherited versus sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad280. [PMID: 37942088 PMCID: PMC10629466 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5% of Alzheimer's disease cases have an early age at onset (<65 years), with 5-10% of these cases attributed to dominantly inherited mutations and the remainder considered as sporadic. The extent to which dominantly inherited and sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease overlap is unknown. In this study, we explored the clinical, cognitive and biomarker profiles of early-onset Alzheimer's disease, focusing on commonalities and distinctions between dominantly inherited and sporadic cases. Our analysis included 117 participants with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease enrolled in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network and 118 individuals with sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease enrolled at the University of California San Francisco Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Baseline differences in clinical and biomarker profiles between both groups were compared using t-tests. Differences in the rates of decline were compared using linear mixed-effects models. Individuals with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease exhibited an earlier age-at-symptom onset compared with the sporadic group [43.4 (SD ± 8.5) years versus 54.8 (SD ± 5.0) years, respectively, P < 0.001]. Sporadic cases showed a higher frequency of atypical clinical presentations relative to dominantly inherited (56.8% versus 8.5%, respectively) and a higher frequency of APOE-ε4 (50.0% versus 28.2%, P = 0.001). Compared with sporadic early onset, motor manifestations were higher in the dominantly inherited cohort [32.5% versus 16.9% at baseline (P = 0.006) and 46.1% versus 25.4% at last visit (P = 0.001)]. At baseline, the sporadic early-onset group performed worse on category fluency (P < 0.001), Trail Making Test Part B (P < 0.001) and digit span (P < 0.001). Longitudinally, both groups demonstrated similar rates of cognitive and functional decline in the early stages. After 10 years from symptom onset, dominantly inherited participants experienced a greater decline as measured by Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes [3.63 versus 1.82 points (P = 0.035)]. CSF amyloid beta-42 levels were comparable [244 (SD ± 39.3) pg/ml dominantly inherited versus 296 (SD ± 24.8) pg/ml sporadic early onset, P = 0.06]. CSF phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 levels were higher in the dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease cohort (87.3 versus 59.7 pg/ml, P = 0.005), but no significant differences were found for t-tau levels (P = 0.35). In summary, sporadic and inherited Alzheimer's disease differed in baseline profiles; sporadic early onset is best distinguished from dominantly inherited by later age at onset, high frequency of atypical clinical presentations and worse executive performance at baseline. Despite these differences, shared pathways in longitudinal clinical decline and CSF biomarkers suggest potential common therapeutic targets for both populations, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dean Coble
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Lauren Edwards
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Eric McDade
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Amelia Strom
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian Gordon
- Malinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Nidhi Mundada
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Suzanne E Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Elena Tsoy
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yinjiao Ma
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ruijin Lu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Malinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - David Soleimani-Meigooni
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Zachary Miller
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guoqiao Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio Chrem
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Surace
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sarah B Berman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Colin L Masters
- Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Neuroscience Center, Indiana University School of Medicine at Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mathias Jucker
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich 81377, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Gregory Day
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 33224, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Randall Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
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Zarate SM, Huntington TE, Bagher P, Srinivasan R. Aging reduces calreticulin expression and alters spontaneous calcium signals in astrocytic endfeet of the mouse dorsolateral striatum. NPJ AGING 2023; 9:5. [PMID: 37002232 PMCID: PMC10066375 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related impairment of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit (NVU) increases the risk for neurodegeneration. Among various cells that participate in BBB and NVU function, calcium signals in astrocytic endfeet are crucial for maintaining BBB and NVU integrity. To assess if aging is associated with altered calcium signals within astrocytic endfeet of the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), we expressed GCaMP6f in DLS astrocytes of young (3-4 months), middle-aged (12-15 months) and aging (20-30 months) mice. Compared to endfeet in young mice, DLS endfeet in aging mice demonstrated decreased calreticulin expression, and alterations to both spontaneous membrane-associated and mitochondrial calcium signals. While young mice required both extracellular and endoplasmic reticulum calcium sources for endfoot signals, middle-aged and aging mice showed heavy dependence on endoplasmic reticulum calcium. Thus, astrocytic endfeet show significant changes in calcium buffering and sources throughout the lifespan, which is important for understanding mechanisms by which aging impairs the BBB and NVU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Zarate
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Taylor E Huntington
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Pooneh Bagher
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rahul Srinivasan
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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6
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Analysis of the time-dependent changes of phospholipids in the brain regions of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2023; 1800:148197. [PMID: 36481236 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid levels are reported to be decreased in Alzheimer's disease (AD). For a better understanding, we investigated the time-dependent changes of phospholipids species in a mouse model of AD. The levels of phospholipids in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of wild-type and APP-Tg (J20) mice were measured by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Compared to wild-type, total phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) were Increased at 3 months but decreased at 6 months in the cortex of J20 mice. Total lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) was decreased both at 3 and 6 months. PC was decreased and LPC was increased at 6 months, resulting in an increased LPC/PC ratio in the hippocampus of J20 mice. At species levels, PCA analysis could discriminate wild-type and J20 based on PC and LPC distribution at 6 months. At 6 months, several highly abundant PC including PC (16:0/16:0), PC (16:0/18:0), PC (16:0/18:1), and PC (18:0/18:1) were decreased in the cortex and hippocampus of J20. Conversely, LPC species including LPC 16:0, LPC 18:1, and LPC 20:4 were increased especially in the hippocampal area. Increased activation of phospholipid-metabolizing enzyme cPLA2 was seen in the hippocampus and cortex of J20 mice at 9 months. On the other hand, ROS levels started to increase as early as 3 months. Compared to 3 months, ROS levels were higher at 6 months in J20 mice. Thus, we demonstrated here a time- and area-dependent alteration of phospholipid composition during the early stage of AD, which could be important in understanding the pathological process.
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7
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Spatio-temporal metabolic rewiring in the brain of TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16958. [PMID: 36216838 PMCID: PMC9550832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain damage associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs even decades before the symptomatic onset, raising the need to investigate its progression from prodromal stages. In this context, animal models that progressively display AD pathological hallmarks (e.g. TgF344-AD) become crucial. Translational technologies, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), enable the longitudinal metabolic characterization of this disease. However, an integrative approach is required to unravel the complex metabolic changes underlying AD progression, from early to advanced stages. TgF344-AD and wild-type (WT) rats were studied in vivo on a 7 Tesla MRI scanner, for longitudinal quantitative assessment of brain metabolic profile changes using MRS. Disease progression was investigated at 4 time points, from 9 to 18 months of age, and in 4 regions: cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus. Compared to WT, TgF344-AD rats replicated common findings in AD patients, including decreased N-acetylaspartate in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus, and decreased glutamate in the thalamus and striatum. Different longitudinal evolution of metabolic concentration was observed between TgF344-AD and WT groups. Namely, age-dependent trajectories differed between groups for creatine in the cortex and thalamus and for taurine in cortex, with significant decreases in Tg344-AD animals; whereas myo-inositol in the thalamus and striatum showed greater increase along time in the WT group. Additional analysis revealed divergent intra- and inter-regional metabolic coupling in each group. Thus, in cortex, strong couplings of N-acetylaspartate and creatine with myo-inositol in WT, but with taurine in TgF344-AD rats were observed; whereas in the hippocampus, myo-inositol, taurine and choline compounds levels were highly correlated in WT but not in TgF344-AD animals. Furthermore, specific cortex-hippocampus-striatum metabolic crosstalks were found for taurine levels in the WT group but for myo-inositol levels in the TgF344-AD rats. With a systems biology perspective of metabolic changes in AD pathology, our results shed light into the complex spatio-temporal metabolic rewiring in this disease, reported here for the first time. Age- and tissue-dependent imbalances between myo-inositol, taurine and other metabolites, such as creatine, unveil their role in disease progression, while pointing to the inadequacy of the latter as an internal reference for quantification.
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Cistaro A, Quartuccio N, Cassalia L, Vai D, Guerra UP, Atzori C, Rainero I, Imperiale D. Brain 18 F-Florbetapir PET/CT Findings in an Early-onset Alzheimer Disease Patient Carrying Presenilin-1 G378E Mutation. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2022; 36:347-349. [PMID: 34132671 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) plays an outstanding role in the diagnostic work-up of dementia. Amyloid PET imaging is a complementary imaging technique for the early detection of Alzheimer disease (AD). β-amyloid precursor protein ( APP ), Presenilin-1 ( PSEN1 ) and Presenilin-2 ( PSEN2 ) are the 3 main causative genes responsible for autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD). This is the first report of 18 F-Florbetapir amyloid imaging findings in a 35-year-old male patient with EOAD carrying the G378E mutation in PSEN1 gene. Brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging scans showed remarkable cerebral atrophy with dilatation of the cerebrospinal fluid spaces; furthermore, a 18 F-Florbetapir PET/CT scan demonstrated also widespread remarkable accumulation of the amyloid tracer in the cerebral cortex, with reduction of the normal contrast between white and gray matter and flattening of the external cortical margins. Furthermore, PET/CT showed intense 18 F-florbetapir uptake in the striatum and in the thalamus bilaterally. Our case supports the usefulness of amyloid PET imaging in the diagnostic work-up of EOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Cistaro
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Ospedali Galliera, Genoa
- AIMN Neuroimaging Study Group, Milan
| | - Natale Quartuccio
- AIMN Neuroimaging Study Group, Milan
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, Palermo
| | - Laura Cassalia
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Radiology, "Magna Grecia" University, Catanzaro
| | - Daniela Vai
- Neurology Unit and Human TSE Regional Center, "Amedeo di Savoia" & "Maria Vittoria" Hospital, Turin
| | | | - Cristiana Atzori
- Neurology Unit and Human TSE Regional Center, "Amedeo di Savoia" & "Maria Vittoria" Hospital, Turin
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniele Imperiale
- Neurology Unit and Human TSE Regional Center, "Amedeo di Savoia" & "Maria Vittoria" Hospital, Turin
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9
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Sirkis DW, Bonham LW, Johnson TP, La Joie R, Yokoyama JS. Dissecting the clinical heterogeneity of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2674-2688. [PMID: 35393555 PMCID: PMC9156414 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is a rare but particularly devastating form of AD. Though notable for its high degree of clinical heterogeneity, EOAD is defined by the same neuropathological hallmarks underlying the more common, late-onset form of AD. In this review, we describe the various clinical syndromes associated with EOAD, including the typical amnestic phenotype as well as atypical variants affecting visuospatial, language, executive, behavioral, and motor functions. We go on to highlight advances in fluid biomarker research and describe how molecular, structural, and functional neuroimaging can be used not only to improve EOAD diagnostic acumen but also enhance our understanding of fundamental pathobiological changes occurring years (and even decades) before the onset of symptoms. In addition, we discuss genetic variation underlying EOAD, including pathogenic variants responsible for the well-known mendelian forms of EOAD as well as variants that may increase risk for the much more common forms of EOAD that are either considered to be sporadic or lack a clear autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. Intriguingly, specific pathogenic variants in PRNP and MAPT-genes which are more commonly associated with other neurodegenerative diseases-may provide unexpectedly important insights into the formation of AD tau pathology. Genetic analysis of the atypical clinical syndromes associated with EOAD will continue to be challenging given their rarity, but integration of fluid biomarker data, multimodal imaging, and various 'omics techniques and their application to the study of large, multicenter cohorts will enable future discoveries of fundamental mechanisms underlying the development of EOAD and its varied clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Sirkis
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Luke W Bonham
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Taylor P Johnson
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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10
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Levitis E, Vogel JW, Funck T, Hachinski V, Gauthier S, Vöglein J, Levin J, Gordon BA, Benzinger T, Iturria-Medina Y, Evans AC. Differentiating amyloid beta spread in autosomal dominant and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac085. [PMID: 35602652 PMCID: PMC9116976 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta deposition is one of the hallmark pathologies in both sporadic Alzheimer's disease and autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease, the latter of which is caused by mutations in genes involved in amyloid-beta processing. Despite amyloid-beta deposition being a centrepiece to both sporadic Alzheimer's disease and autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease, some differences between these Alzheimer's disease subtypes have been observed with respect to the spatial pattern of amyloid-beta. Previous work has shown that the spatial pattern of amyloid-beta in individuals spanning the sporadic Alzheimer's disease spectrum can be reproduced with high accuracy using an epidemic spreading model which simulates the diffusion of amyloid-beta across neuronal connections and is constrained by individual rates of amyloid-beta production and clearance. However, it has not been investigated whether amyloid-beta deposition in the rarer autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease can be modelled in the same way, and if so, how congruent the spreading patterns of amyloid-beta across sporadic Alzheimer's disease and autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease are. We leverage the epidemic spreading model as a data-driven approach to probe individual-level variation in the spreading patterns of amyloid-beta across three different large-scale imaging datasets (2 sporadic Alzheimer's disease, 1 autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease). We applied the epidemic spreading model separately to the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging initiative (n = 737), the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (n = 510) and the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network (n = 249), the latter two of which were processed using an identical pipeline. We assessed inter- and intra-individual model performance in each dataset separately and further identified the most likely subject-specific epicentre of amyloid-beta spread. Using epicentres defined in previous work in sporadic Alzheimer's disease, the epidemic spreading model provided moderate prediction of the regional pattern of amyloid-beta deposition across all three datasets. We further find that, whilst the most likely epicentre for most amyloid-beta-positive subjects overlaps with the default mode network, 13% of autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease individuals were best characterized by a striatal origin of amyloid-beta spread. These subjects were also distinguished by being younger than autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease subjects with a default mode network amyloid-beta origin, despite having a similar estimated age of symptom onset. Together, our results suggest that most autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease patients express amyloid-beta spreading patterns similar to those of sporadic Alzheimer's disease, but that there may be a subset of autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease patients with a separate, striatal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Levitis
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Correspondence to: Elizabeth Levitis Magnuson Clinical Center Room 4N244, MSC 1367 Bethesda, MD 20814, USA E-mail:
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Funck
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Vöglein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany,Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tammie Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yasser Iturria-Medina
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Correspondence may also be addressed to: Alan C. Evans Montreal Neurological Institute Montreal, H3A 2B4, Quebec Canada E-mail:
| | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Bologna M, Truong D, Jankovic J. The etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological spectrum of parkinsonism. J Neurol Sci 2021; 433:120012. [PMID: 34642022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a syndrome characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor. Parkinsonism is a common manifestation of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases referred to as atypical parkinsonism. However, a growing body of clinical and scientific evidence indicates that parkinsonism may be part of the phenomenological spectrum of various neurological conditions to a greater degree than expected by chance. These include neurodegenerative conditions not traditionally classified as movement disorders, e.g., dementia and motor neuron diseases. In addition, parkinsonism may characterize a wide range of central nervous system diseases, e.g., autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cerebrospinal fluid disorders (e.g., normal pressure hydrocephalus), cerebrovascular diseases, and other conditions. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been identified in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism. Conversely, it is not entirely clear to what extent the same mechanisms and key brain areas are also involved in parkinsonism due to a broader etiopathogenetic spectrum. We aimed to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the various etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological mechanisms of parkinsonism in a wide spectrum of neurological conditions, with a particular focus on the role of the basal ganglia involvement. The paper also highlights potential implications in the diagnostic approach and therapeutic management of patients. This article is part of the Special Issue "Parkinsonism across the spectrum of movement disorders and beyond" edited by Joseph Jankovic, Daniel D. Truong and Matteo Bologna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bologna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Daniel Truong
- Truong Neuroscience Institute, Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Gloria Y, Ceyzériat K, Tsartsalis S, Millet P, Tournier BB. Dopaminergic dysfunction in the 3xTg-AD mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19412. [PMID: 34593951 PMCID: PMC8484608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid (Aβ) protein aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles accumulation, accompanied by neuroinflammation. With all the therapeutic attempts targeting these biomarkers having been unsuccessful, the understanding of early mechanisms involved in the pathology is of paramount importance. Dopaminergic system involvement in AD has been suggested, particularly through the appearance of dopaminergic dysfunction-related neuropsychiatric symptoms and an overall worsening of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. In this study, we reported an early dopaminergic dysfunction in a mouse model presenting both amyloid and Tau pathology. 3xTg-AD mice showed an increase of postsynaptic D2/3R receptors density in the striatum and D2/3-autoreceptors in SN/VTA cell bodies. Functionally, a reduction of anxiety-like behavior, an increase in locomotor activity and D2R hyper-sensitivity to quinpirole stimulation have been observed. In addition, microglial cells in the striatum showed an early inflammatory response, suggesting its participation in dopaminergic alterations. These events are observed at an age when tau accumulation and Aβ deposits in the hippocampus are low. Thus, our results suggest that early dopaminergic dysfunction could have consequences in behavior and cognitive function, and may shed light on future therapeutic pathways of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesica Gloria
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie, 64, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ceyzériat
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie, 64, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stergios Tsartsalis
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie, 64, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philippe Millet
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie, 64, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin B Tournier
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie, 64, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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13
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Camargo LC, Schöneck M, Sangarapillai N, Honold D, Shah NJ, Langen KJ, Willbold D, Kutzsche J, Schemmert S, Willuweit A. PEAβ Triggers Cognitive Decline and Amyloid Burden in a Novel Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137062. [PMID: 34209113 PMCID: PMC8267711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physiopathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has improved substantially based on studies of mouse models mimicking at least one aspect of the disease. Many transgenic lines have been established, leading to amyloidosis but lacking neurodegeneration. The aim of the current study was to generate a novel mouse model that develops neuritic plaques containing the aggressive pyroglutamate modified amyloid-β (pEAβ) species in the brain. The TAPS line was developed by intercrossing of the pEAβ-producing TBA2.1 mice with the plaque-developing line APPswe/PS1ΔE9. The phenotype of the new mouse line was characterized using immunostaining, and different cognitive and general behavioral tests. In comparison to the parental lines, TAPS animals developed an earlier onset of pathology and increased plaque load, including striatal pEAβ-positive neuritic plaques, and enhanced neuroinflammation. In addition to abnormalities in general behavior, locomotion, and exploratory behavior, TAPS mice displayed cognitive deficits in a variety of tests that were most pronounced in the fear conditioning paradigm and in spatial learning in comparison to the parental lines. In conclusion, the combination of a pEAβ- and a plaque-developing mouse model led to an accelerated amyloid pathology and cognitive decline in TAPS mice, qualifying this line as a novel amyloidosis model for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Cristina Camargo
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (L.C.C.); (D.H.); (D.W.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Schöneck
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (M.S.); (N.S.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
| | - Nivethini Sangarapillai
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (M.S.); (N.S.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
| | - Dominik Honold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (L.C.C.); (D.H.); (D.W.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (M.S.); (N.S.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
- JARA-Brain-Translational Medicine, JARA Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (M.S.); (N.S.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (L.C.C.); (D.H.); (D.W.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (L.C.C.); (D.H.); (D.W.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Sarah Schemmert
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (L.C.C.); (D.H.); (D.W.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (M.S.); (N.S.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2461-6196358
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14
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Zammit MD, Tudorascu DL, Laymon CM, Hartley SL, Ellison PA, Zaman SH, Ances BM, Johnson SC, Stone CK, Sabbagh MN, Mathis CA, Klunk WE, Cohen AD, Handen BL, Christian BT. Neurofibrillary tau depositions emerge with subthreshold cerebral beta-amyloidosis in down syndrome. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 31:102740. [PMID: 34182407 PMCID: PMC8252122 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tau deposition in Down syndrome follows the Braak staging pathology. Neurofibrillary tau emerges in individuals with very low amyloid burden. There is a short latency between the onset of amyloid and tau in Down syndrome. Elevated tau was observed in Braak stages I-II with very low amyloid burden, and in stages III-VI with greater amyloid burden.
Introduction Adults with Down syndrome are genetically predisposed to develop Alzheimer’s disease and accumulate beta-amyloid plaques (Aβ) early in life. While Aβ has been heavily studied in Down syndrome, its relationship with neurofibrillary tau is less understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate neurofibrillary tau deposition in individuals with Down syndrome with varying levels of Aβ burden. Methods A total of 161 adults with Down syndrome (mean age = 39.2 (8.50) years) and 40 healthy, non-Down syndrome sibling controls (43.2 (12.6) years) underwent T1w-MRI, [C-11]PiB and [F-18]AV-1451 PET scans. PET images were converted to units of standardized uptake value ratios (SUVrs). Aβ burden was calculated using the amyloid load metric (AβL); a measure of global Aβ burden that improves quantification from SUVrs by suppressing the nonspecific binding signal component and computing the specific Aβ signal from all Aβ-carrying voxels from the image. Regional tau was assessed using control-standardized AV-1451 SUVr. Control-standardized SUVrs were compared across Down syndrome groups of Aβ-negative (A-) (AβL < 13.3), subthreshold A+ (13.3 ≤ AβL < 20) and conventionally A+ (AβL ≥ 20) individuals. The subthreshold A + group was identified as having significantly higher Aβ burden compared to the A- group, but not high enough to satisfy a conventional A + classification. Results A large-sized association that survived adjustment for chronological age, mental age (assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test), and imaging site was observed between AβL and AV-1451 within each Braak region (p < .05). The A + group showed significantly higher AV-1451 retention across all Braak regions compared to the A- and subthreshold A + groups (p < .05). The subthreshold A + group showed significantly higher AV-1451 retention in Braak regions I-III compared to an age-matched sample from the A- group (p < .05). Discussion These results show that even the earliest detectable Aβ accumulation in Down syndrome is accompanied by elevated tau in the early Braak stage regions. This early detection of tau can help characterize the tau accumulation phase during preclinical Alzheimer’s disease progression in Down syndrome and suggests that there may be a relatively narrow window after Aβ accumulation begins to prevent the downstream cascade of events that leads to Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Zammit
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Waisman Center, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Medical Physics, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Dana L Tudorascu
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles M Laymon
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sigan L Hartley
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Waisman Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul A Ellison
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Medical Physics, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shahid H Zaman
- Cambridge Intellectual Disability Research Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beau M Ances
- Washington University in St. Louis Department of Neurology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles K Stone
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Chester A Mathis
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William E Klunk
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ann D Cohen
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Handen
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bradley T Christian
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Waisman Center, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Medical Physics, Madison, WI, USA
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15
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Almkvist O, Brüggen K, Nordberg A. Subcortical and Cortical Regions of Amyloid-β Pathology Measured by 11C-PiB PET Are Differentially Associated with Cognitive Functions and Stages of Disease in Memory Clinic Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1613-1624. [PMID: 33967046 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of regional brain amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology on specific cognitive functions is incompletely known. OBJECTIVE The relationship between Aβ and cognitive functions was investigated in this cross-sectional multicenter study of memory clinic patients. METHODS The participants were patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 83), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 60), and healthy controls (HC, n = 32), who had been scanned by 11C-PiB PET in 13 brain regions of both hemispheres and who had been assessed by cognitive tests covering seven domains. RESULTS Hierarchic multiple regression analyses were performed on each cognitive test as dependent variable, controlling for demographic characteristics and APOE status (block 1) and PiB measures in 13 brain regions (block 2) as independent variables. The model was highly significant for each cognitive test and most strongly for tests of episodic memory (learning and retention) versus PiB in putamen, visuospatially demanding tests (processing and retention) versus the occipital lobe, semantic fluency versus the parietal lobe, attention versus posterior gyrus cinguli, and executive function versus nucleus accumbens. In addition, education had a positively and APOE status a negatively significant effect on cognitive tests. CONCLUSION Five subcortical and cortical regions with Aβ pathology are differentially associated with cognitive functions and stages of disease in memory clinic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Almkvist
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Brüggen
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Pardilla-Delgado E, Torrico-Teave H, Sanchez JS, Ramirez-Gomez LA, Baena A, Bocanegra Y, Vila-Castelar C, Fox-Fuller JT, Guzmán-Vélez E, Martínez J, Alvarez S, Ochoa-Escudero M, Lopera F, Quiroz YT. Associations between subregional thalamic volume and brain pathology in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab101. [PMID: 34095834 PMCID: PMC8172494 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathological reports suggest that subregions of the thalamus, which regulates multiple physiological and cognitive processes, are not uniformly affected by Alzheimer's disease. Despite this, structural neuroimaging studies often consider the thalamus as a single region. Identification of in vivo Alzheimer's-dependent volumetric changes in thalamic subregions may aid the characterization of early nuclei-specific neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we leveraged access to the largest single-mutation cohort of autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease to test whether cross-sectional abnormalities in subregional thalamic volumes are evident in non-demented mutation carriers (n = 31), compared to non-carriers (n = 36), and whether subregional thalamic volume is associated with age, markers of brain pathology and cognitive performance. Using automatic parcellation we examined the thalamus in six subregions (anterior, lateral, ventral, intralaminar, medial, and posterior) and their relation to age and brain pathology (amyloid and tau), as measured by PET imaging. No between-group differences were observed in the volume of the thalamic subregions. In carriers, lower volume in the medial subregion was related to increased cortical amyloid and entorhinal tau burden. These findings suggest that thalamic Alzheimer's-related volumetric reductions are not uniform even in preclinical and prodromal stages of autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease and therefore, this structure should not be considered as a single, unitary structure in Alzheimer's disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin S Sanchez
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Ana Baena
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Yamile Bocanegra
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Clara Vila-Castelar
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joshua T Fox-Fuller
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Jairo Martínez
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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17
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Buckley RF. Recent Advances in Imaging of Preclinical, Sporadic, and Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:709-727. [PMID: 33782864 PMCID: PMC8423933 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Observing Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological changes in vivo with neuroimaging provides invaluable opportunities to understand and predict the course of disease. Neuroimaging AD biomarkers also allow for real-time tracking of disease-modifying treatment in clinical trials. With recent neuroimaging advances, along with the burgeoning availability of longitudinal neuroimaging data and big-data harmonization approaches, a more comprehensive evaluation of the disease has shed light on the topographical staging and temporal sequencing of the disease. Multimodal imaging approaches have also promoted the development of data-driven models of AD-associated pathological propagation of tau proteinopathies. Studies of autosomal dominant, early sporadic, and late sporadic courses of the disease have shed unique insights into the AD pathological cascade, particularly with regard to genetic vulnerabilities and the identification of potential drug targets. Further, neuroimaging markers of b-amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration have provided a powerful tool for validation of novel fluid cerebrospinal and plasma markers. This review highlights some of the latest advances in the field of human neuroimaging in AD across these topics, particularly with respect to positron emission tomography and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Brigham and Women's, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences and Florey Institutes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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18
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Regional Differences in S-Nitrosylation in the Cortex, Striatum, and Hippocampus of Juvenile Male Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2383-2392. [PMID: 33591546 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional neurotransmitter that plays a major role in neuronal and synaptic functions. S-nitrosylation (SNO), the NO-mediated protein posttransitional modification (PTM), is known to regulate physiological and pathological processes in the brain. However, the physiological role in different neuroanatomical brain regions has not been well investigated. To understand the role of SNO in the brain of juvenile WT mice, we used SNOTRAP technology. We mapped the SNO-proteome in three different neuroanatomical regions: cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. By conducting systems biology analysis, we found that the three brain regions share similar biological processes (BP) including biogenesis and developmental processes. Exclusive and different BP and molecular functions were found for each of the regions. Unraveling the BP and signaling mechanisms of SNO in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus may help to understand the functional differences between the three regions under physiological conditions.
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19
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Zhang N, Yu X, Xie J, Xu H. New Insights into the Role of Ferritin in Iron Homeostasis and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2812-2823. [PMID: 33507490 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has indicated that iron deposition is one of the key factors leading to neuronal death in the neurodegenerative diseases. Ferritin is a hollow iron storage protein composed of 24 subunits of two types, ferritin heavy chain (FTH) and ferritin light chain (FTL), which plays an important role in maintaining iron homeostasis. Recently, the discovery of extracellular ferritin and ferritin in exosomes indicates that ferritin might be not only an iron storage protein within the cell, but might also be an important factor in the regulation of tissue and body iron homeostasis. In this review, we first described the structural characteristics, regulation and the physiological functions of ferritin. Secondly, we reviewed the current evidence concerning the mechanisms underlying the secretion of ferritin and the possible role of secreted ferritin in the brain. Then, we summarized the relationship between ferritin and the neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neuroferritinopathy (NF). Given the importance and relationship between iron and neurodegenerative diseases, understanding the role of ferritin in the brain can be expected to contribute to our knowledge of iron dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Huamin Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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20
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Sanchez JS, Hanseeuw BJ, Lopera F, Sperling RA, Baena A, Bocanegra Y, Aguillon D, Guzmán-Vélez E, Pardilla-Delgado E, Ramirez-Gomez L, Vila-Castelar C, Martinez JE, Fox-Fuller JT, Ramos C, Ochoa-Escudero M, Alvarez S, Jacobs HIL, Schultz AP, Gatchel JR, Becker JA, Katz SR, Mayblyum DV, Price JC, Reiman EM, Johnson KA, Quiroz YT. Longitudinal amyloid and tau accumulation in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease: findings from the Colombia-Boston (COLBOS) biomarker study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:27. [PMID: 33451357 PMCID: PMC7811244 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) enable characterization of the trajectories of cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau accumulation in the decades prior to clinical symptom onset. Longitudinal rates of regional tau accumulation measured with positron emission tomography (PET) and their relationship with other biomarker and cognitive changes remain to be fully characterized in ADAD. METHODS Fourteen ADAD mutation carriers (Presenilin-1 E280A) and 15 age-matched non-carriers from the Colombian kindred underwent 2-3 sessions of Aβ (11C-Pittsburgh compound B) and tau (18F-flortaucipir) PET, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and neuropsychological evaluation over a 2-4-year follow-up period. Annualized rates of change for imaging and cognitive variables were compared between carriers and non-carriers, and relationships among baseline measurements and rates of change were assessed within carriers. RESULTS Longitudinal measurements were consistent with a sequence of ADAD-related changes beginning with Aβ accumulation (16 years prior to expected symptom onset, EYO), followed by entorhinal cortex (EC) tau (9 EYO), neocortical tau (6 EYO), hippocampal atrophy (6 EYO), and cognitive decline (4 EYO). Rates of tau accumulation among carriers were most rapid in parietal neocortex (~ 9%/year). EC tau PET signal at baseline was a significant predictor of subsequent neocortical tau accumulation and cognitive decline within carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with the sequence of biological changes in ADAD implied by cross-sectional studies and highlight the importance of EC tau as an early biomarker and a potential link between Aβ burden and neocortical tau accumulation in ADAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Sanchez
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard J Hanseeuw
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Baena
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Yamile Bocanegra
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - David Aguillon
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Jairo E Martinez
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua T Fox-Fuller
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Ramos
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | | | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Gatchel
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Alex Becker
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha R Katz
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Julie C Price
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Keith A Johnson
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Massachusetts General Hoospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
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21
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Morphine and HIV-1 Tat interact to cause region-specific hyperphosphorylation of tau in transgenic mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 741:135502. [PMID: 33202259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Opiate abuse is prevalent among HIV-infected individuals and may exacerbate HIV-associated age-related neurocognitive disorders. However, the extent to which HIV and opiates converge to accelerate pathological traits indicative of brain aging remains unknown. The pathological phospho-isotypes of tau (pSer396, pSer404, pThr205, pSer202, and pThr181) and the tau kinases GSK3β and CDK5/p35 were explored in the striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex of inducible male and female HIV-1 Tat-transgenic mice, with some receiving escalating doses of morphine for 2 weeks. In the striatum of male mice, pSer396 was increased by co-exposure to morphine and Tat as compared to all other groups. Striatal pSer404 and pThr205 were increased by Tat alone, while pSer202 and pThr181 were unchanged. A comparison between Tat-transgenic female and male mice revealed disparate outcomes for pThr205. No other sex-related changes to tau phosphorylation were observed. In the hippocampus, Tat increased pSer396, while other phosphorylation sites were unchanged and pSer202 was not detected. In the prefrontal cortex, morphine increased pSer396 levels, which were unaffected by Tat, while other phosphorylation sites were unaffected. Assessment of tau kinases revealed no changes to striatal GSK3β (phosphorylated or total) or the total CDK5 levels. Striatal levels of phosphorylated CDK5 and p35, the activator of CDK5, were increased by Tat and with morphine co-exposure, respectively. P35 levels positively correlated with those of pSer396 with Tat and morphine co-exposure. The results reveal region-specific hyperphosphorylation of tau induced by exposure to morphine, Tat, and unique morphine and Tat interactions.
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22
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Johnson ECB, Ho K, Yu GQ, Das M, Sanchez PE, Djukic B, Lopez I, Yu X, Gill M, Zhang W, Paz JT, Palop JJ, Mucke L. Behavioral and neural network abnormalities in human APP transgenic mice resemble those of App knock-in mice and are modulated by familial Alzheimer's disease mutations but not by inhibition of BACE1. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:53. [PMID: 32921309 PMCID: PMC7489007 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent and costly neurodegenerative disorder. Although diverse lines of evidence suggest that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is involved in its causation, the precise mechanisms remain unknown and no treatments are available to prevent or halt the disease. A favorite hypothesis has been that APP contributes to AD pathogenesis through the cerebral accumulation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which is derived from APP through sequential proteolytic cleavage by BACE1 and γ-secretase. However, inhibitors of these enzymes have failed in clinical trials despite clear evidence for target engagement. METHODS To further elucidate the roles of APP and its metabolites in AD pathogenesis, we analyzed transgenic mice overexpressing wildtype human APP (hAPP) or hAPP carrying mutations that cause autosomal dominant familial AD (FAD), as well as App knock-in mice that do not overexpress hAPP but have two mouse App alleles with FAD mutations and a humanized Aβ sequence. RESULTS Although these lines of mice had marked differences in cortical and hippocampal levels of APP, APP C-terminal fragments, soluble Aβ, Aβ oligomers and age-dependent amyloid deposition, they all developed cognitive deficits as well as non-convulsive epileptiform activity, a type of network dysfunction that also occurs in a substantive proportion of humans with AD. Pharmacological inhibition of BACE1 effectively reduced levels of amyloidogenic APP C-terminal fragments (C99), soluble Aβ, Aβ oligomers, and amyloid deposits in transgenic mice expressing FAD-mutant hAPP, but did not improve their network dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities, even when initiated at early stages before amyloid deposits were detectable. CONCLUSIONS hAPP transgenic and App knock-in mice develop similar pathophysiological alterations. APP and its metabolites contribute to AD-related functional alterations through complex combinatorial mechanisms that may be difficult to block with BACE inhibitors and, possibly, also with other anti-Aβ treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C. B. Johnson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Kaitlyn Ho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Gui-Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Melanie Das
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Pascal E. Sanchez
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Biljana Djukic
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Isabel Lopez
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Xinxing Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Michael Gill
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Weiping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jeanne T. Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Jorge J. Palop
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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23
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Quan M, Zhao T, Tang Y, Luo P, Wang W, Qin Q, Li T, Wang Q, Fang J, Jia J. Effects of gene mutation and disease progression on representative neural circuits in familial Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:14. [PMID: 31937364 PMCID: PMC6961388 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Although structural and functional changes of the striatum and hippocampus are present in familial Alzheimer’s disease, little is known about the effects of specific gene mutation or disease progression on their related neural circuits. This study was to evaluate the effects of known pathogenic gene mutation and disease progression on the striatum- and hippocampus-related neural circuits, including frontostriatal and hippocampus-posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) pathways. Methods A total of 102 healthy mutation non-carriers, 40 presymptomatic mutation carriers (PMC), and 30 symptomatic mutation carriers (SMC) of amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), or presenilin 2 gene, with T1 structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and resting-state functional MRI were included. Representative neural circuits and their key nodes were obtained, including bilateral caudate-rostral middle frontal gyrus (rMFG), putamen-rMFG, and hippocampus-PCC. Volumes, diffusion indices, and functional connectivity of circuits were compared between groups and correlated with neuropsychological and clinical measures. Results In PMC, APP gene mutation carriers showed impaired diffusion indices of caudate-rMFG and putamen-rMFG circuits; PS1 gene mutation carriers showed increased fiber numbers of putamen-rMFG circuit. SMC showed increased diffusivity of the left hippocampus-PCC circuit and volume reduction of all regions as compared with PMC. Imaging measures especially axial diffusivity of the representative circuits were correlated with neuropsychological measures. Conclusions APP and PS1 gene mutations affect frontostriatal circuits in a different manner in familial Alzheimer’s disease; disease progression primarily affects the structure of hippocampus-PCC circuit. The structural connectivity of both frontostriatal and hippocampus-PCC circuits is associated with general cognitive function. Such findings may provide further information about the imaging biomarkers for early identification and prognosis of familial Alzheimer’s disease, and pave the way for early diagnosis, gene- or circuit-targeted treatment, and even prevention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-019-0572-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Quan
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Zhao
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Luo
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qigeng Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiliang Fang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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