1
|
Bi M, Yang K, Yu T, Wu G, Li Q. Cell-based mechanisms and strategies of co-culture system both in vivo and vitro for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115907. [PMID: 37984308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of a functional vascular supply has been identified as a major challenge limiting the clinical introduction of stem cell-based bone tissue engineering (BTE) for the repair of large-volume bone defects (LVBD). Various approaches have been explored to improve the vascular supply in tissue-engineered constructs, and the development of strategies that could effectively induce the establishment of a functional vascular supply has become a major goal of BTE research. One of the state-of-the-art methods is to incorporate both angiogenic and osteogenic cells in co-culture systems. This review clarifies the key concepts involved, summarises the cell types and models used to date, and systematically evaluates their performance. We also discuss the cell-to-cell communication between these two cell types and the strategies explored in BTE constructs with angiogenic and osteogenic cells to optimise their functions. In addition, we outline unresolved issues and remaining obstacles that need to be overcome for further development in this field and eventual successful repair of LVBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengning Bi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwen Yang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology &Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhong M, Wang XH, Zhao Y. Platelet factor 4 (PF4) induces cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) expression in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) through the SIRT1/NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:624-635. [PMID: 37728854 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PF4 is a pro-atherosclerotic molecule. Endothelial CD40, upon binding to its ligand CD40L, induces endothelial cell (EC) activation, which is a vital pathophysiological process in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between PF4 and endothelial CD40 remains elusive. This study aims to investigate whether and how PF4 affects endothelial CD40 expression using primary HAECs. PF4 treatment down-regulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression but upregulated the expression of acetylated NF-κB p65 (Ac-p65) and CD40 in HAECs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with SIRT1 agonist (SRT1720 or RSV) or SIRT1-overexpressing lentivirus attenuated PF4-induced Ac-p65 and CD40 expression in HAECs, whereas preincubation with SIRT1 antagonist (NAM or EX527) or SIRT1 shRNA had the opposite effect. To investigate whether NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway modulates CD40 expression in PF4-treated HAECs, PDTC, a NF-κB inhibitor, and p65-shRNA were introduced. PDTC or p65-shRNA treatment down-regulated Ac-p65 expression in HAECs. PDTC or p65-shRNA preincubation suppressed CD40 expression in HAECs after PF4 treatment. To better determine whether SIRT1 regulates CD40 expression in PF4-treated HAECs via the NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway, p65-knockdown HAECs were preincubated with SIRT1 agonists before PF4 treatment. SIRT1 agonist preincubation further decreased CD40 expression in p65-knockdown HAECs treated with PF4. Moreover, PF4 treatment promoted p65 nuclear translocation in HAECs. The results of dual luciferase assay demonstrated that four NF-κB binding sites in the promoter of human CD40 gene were activated in PF4-treated HAECs. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PF4 treatment facilitates CD40 expression in HAECs through the SIRT1/NF-κB/p65 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xue-Hu Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Multifunctionalized carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone implant for rapid osseointegration under infected environment. Bioact Mater 2022; 24:236-250. [PMID: 36606257 PMCID: PMC9803906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFRPEEK) possesses a similar elastic modulus to that of human cortical bone and is considered as a promising candidate to replace metallic implants. However, the bioinertness and deficiency of antibacterial activities impede its application in orthopedic and dentistry. In this work, titanium plasma immersion ion implantation (Ti-PIII) is applied to modify CFRPEEK, achieving unique multi-hierarchical nanostructures and active sites on the surface. Then, hybrid polydopamine (PDA)@ZnO-EDN1 nanoparticles (NPs) are introduced to construct versatile surfaces with improved osteogenic and angiogenic properties and excellent antibacterial properties. Our study established that the modified CFRPEEK presented favorable stability and cytocompatibility. Compared with bare CFRPEEK, improved osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and vascularization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are found on the functionalized surface due to the zinc ions and EDN1 releasing. In vitro bacteriostasis assay confirms that hybrid PDA@ZnO NPs on the functionalized surface provided an effective antibacterial effect. Moreover, the rat infected model corroborates the enhanced antibiosis and osteointegration of the functionalized CFRPEEK. Our findings indicate that the multilevel nanostructured PDA@ZnO-EDN1 coated CFRPEEK with enhanced antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic capacity has great potential as an orthopedic/dental implant material for clinical application.
Collapse
|
4
|
Vitamin B 2 Prevents Glucocorticoid-Caused Damage of Blood Vessels in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4006184. [PMID: 35845964 PMCID: PMC9279053 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4006184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disorder that can cause collapse of the femoral head. The damage and dysfunction of femoral head microvascular endothelial cells are related to the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced ONFH. Reports suggest that vitamin B2 can promote osteoblast differentiation and prevent low bone mineral density and prevent reperfusion oxidative injury. To explore the effect and possible molecular mechanism of vitamin B2 on the ONFH and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), we performed a rat model of ONFH by dexamethasone. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, vitamin B2 group, dexamethasone group, and dexamethasone combined with vitamin B2 treatment group. HUVECs were used to further prove the role and mechanism of vitamin B2 in vitro. In patients, according to immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR of the femoral head, the angiogenic capacity of the ONFH femoral head is compromised. In vivo, it showed that vitamin B2 could inhibit glucocorticoid-induced ONFH-like changes in rats by suppressing cell apoptosis, promoting the regeneration of blood vessels, and increasing bone mass. According to in vitro results, vitamin B2 could induce the migration of HUVECs, enhance the expression of angiogenesis-related factors, and inhibit glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. The underlying mechanism may be that vitamin B2 activates the PI3K signaling pathway. Vitamin B2 alleviated dexamethasone-induced ONFH, and vitamin B2 could promote the proliferation and migration of HUVECs and inhibit their apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Vitamin B2 may be a potentially effective treatment for ONFH.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiao H, Lee MS, Sivapatham A, Leiferman EM, Li WJ. Epigenetic regulation of BAF60A determines efficiency of miniature swine iPSC generation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9039. [PMID: 35641537 PMCID: PMC9156668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Miniature pigs are an ideal animal model for translational research to evaluate stem cell therapies and regenerative applications. While the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from miniature pigs has been demonstrated, there is still a lack of a reliable method to generate and maintain miniature pig iPSCs. In this study, we derived iPSCs from fibroblasts of Wisconsin miniature swine (WMS), Yucatan miniature swine (YMS), and Göttingen minipigs (GM) using our culture medium. By comparing cells of the different pig breeds, we found that YMS fibroblasts were more efficiently reprogrammed into iPSCs, forming colonies with well-defined borders, than WMS and GM fibroblasts. We also demonstrated that YMS iPSC lines with a normal pig karyotype gave rise to cells of the three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. Mesenchymal stromal cells expressing phenotypic characteristics were derived from established iPSC lines as an example of potential applications. In addition, we found that the expression level of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable component BAF60A regulated by STAT3 signaling determined the efficiency of pig iPSC generation. The findings of this study provide insight into the underlying mechanism controlling the reprogramming efficiency of miniature pig cells to develop a viable strategy to enhance the generation of iPSCs for biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Jiao
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 5051, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ming-Song Lee
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 5051, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Athillesh Sivapatham
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 5051, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ellen M Leiferman
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 5051, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 5051, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lei Z, Hu X, Wu Y, Fu L, Lai S, Lin J, Li X, Lv Y. The Role and Mechanism of the Vascular Endothelial Niche in Diseases: A Review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:863265. [PMID: 35574466 PMCID: PMC9092213 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.863265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells, forming the inner wall of the blood vessels, participate in the body’s pathological and physiological processes of immunity, tumors, and infection. In response to an external stimulus or internal pathological changes, vascular endothelial cells can reshape their microenvironment, forming a “niche”. Current research on the vascular endothelial niche is a rapidly growing field in vascular biology. Endothelial niches not only respond to stimulation by external information but are also decisive factors that act on neighboring tissues and circulating cells. Intervention through the vascular niche is meaningful for improving the treatment of several diseases. This review aimed to summarize reported diseases affected by endothelial niches and signal molecular alterations or release within endothelial niches. We look forward to contributing knowledge to increase the understanding the signaling and mechanisms of the vascular endothelial niche in multiple diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Lei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaoqi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Longsheng Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Songqing Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao J, He W, Zheng H, Zhang R, Yang H. Bone Regeneration and Angiogenesis by Co-transplantation of Angiotensin II-Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells in Early Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221086965. [PMID: 35313737 PMCID: PMC8943589 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221086965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exert a positive impact on
osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in preclinical experiments and clinical
trials. After the femoral head suffers avascular necrosis, the transplanted MSCs
undergo a great deal of stress-induced apoptosis and senescence in this
microenvironment. So, survival and differentiation of MSCs in osteonecrotic
areas are especially important in ONFH. Although MSCs and endothelial cells
(ECs) co-culture enhancing proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs
and form more mature vasculature in vivo, it remains unknown
whether the co-culture cells are able to repair ONFH. In this study, we explored
the roles and mechanisms of co-transplantation of angiotensin II (Ang II)-MSCs
and ECs in repairing early ONFH. In vitro, when MSCs and ECs
were co-cultured in a ratio of 5:1, both types of cells managed to proliferate
and induce both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Then, we established a rabbit
model of steroid-induced ONFH and co-transplantation of Ang II-MSCs and ECs
through the tunnel of core decompression. Four weeks later, histological and
Western blot analyses revealed that ONFH treated with Ang II-MSCs and ECs may
promote ossification and revascularization by increasing the expression of
collagen type I, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, and vascular
endothelial growth factor in the femoral head. Our data suggest that
co-transplantation of Ang II-MSCs and ECs was able to rescue the early
steroid-induced ONFH via promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which may be
regarded as a novel therapy for the treatment of ONFH in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongqing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemic Disease Diagnostic Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xianyang Vocational Technical College, Xianyang, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Walczak BE, Jiao H, Lee MS, Li WJ. Reprogrammed Synovial Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Acquire Enhanced Therapeutic Potential for Articular Cartilage Repair. Cartilage 2021; 13:530S-543S. [PMID: 34467773 PMCID: PMC8804808 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Functions of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are affected by patient-dependent factors such as age and health condition. To tackle this problem, we used the cellular reprogramming technique to epigenetically alter human MSCs derived from the synovial fluid of joints with osteoarthritis (OA) to explore the potential of reprogrammed MSCs for repairing articular cartilage. MATERIALS AND METHODS MSCs isolated from the synovial fluid of three patients' OA knees (Pa-MSCs) were reprogrammed through overexpression of pluripotency factors and then induced for differentiation to establish reprogrammed MSC (Re-MSC) lines. We compared the in vitro growth characteristics, chondrogenesis for articular cartilage chondrocytes, and immunomodulatory capacity. We also evaluated the capability of Re-MSCs to repair articular cartilage damage in an animal model with spontaneous OA. RESULTS Our results showed that Re-MSCs increased the in vitro proliferative capacity and improved chondrogenic differentiation toward articular cartilage-like chondrocyte phenotypes with increased THBS4 and SIX1 and decreased ALPL and COL10A1, compared to Pa-MSCs. In addition, Re-MSC-derived chondrocytes expressing elevated COL2A and COL2B were more mature than parental cell-derived ones. The enhancement in chondrogenesis of Re-MSC involves the upregulation of sonic hedgehog signaling. Moreover, Re-MSCs improved the repair of articular cartilage in an animal model of spontaneous OA. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic reprogramming promotes MSCs harvested from OA patients to increase phenotypic characteristics and gain robust functions. In addition, Re-MSCs acquire an enhanced potential for articular cartilage repair. Our study here demonstrates that the reprogramming strategy provides a potential solution to the challenge of variation in MSC quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian E. Walczak
- Department of Orthopedics and
Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hongli Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics and
Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ming-Song Lee
- Department of Orthopedics and
Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and
Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kajiura K, Umemura N, Ohkoshi E, Ohta T, Kondoh N, Kawano S. Shikonin induces odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via AKT-mTOR signaling in the presence of CD44. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:689-697. [PMID: 33334200 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1865937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In our previous study, we demonstrated that hyaluronan induces odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via interactions with CD44. However, it remains unclear whether CD44 expression by dental pulp stem cells is required for odontoblastic differentiation.Methods: We searched for a compound other than hyaluronan that induces odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and used western blotting to determine whether CD44 is involved in the induction of odontoblastic differentiation by the compound. We further validated the cell signaling details of the compound-induced expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), which is known as a marker of odontoblastic differentiation.Results: We investigated shikonin, which is one of the derivatives of naphthoquinone, the skeleton of vitamin K. Shikonin-induced expression of DSPP was inhibited by PI3K, AKT, and mTOR inhibitors. Additionally, shikonin-induced expression of DSPP was inhibited in dental pulp stem cells transfected with siRNA against CD44.Conclusions: Shikonin can stimulate dental pulp stem cells to undergo odontoblastic differentiation through a mechanism involving the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway and CD44. Although expression of CD44 is important for inducing odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells, the relationship between the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway and CD44 expression, in the context of shikonin stimulation, has not yet been elucidated. This study suggests that shikonin may be useful for inducing odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells, and that it may have clinical applications, including protection of the dental pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Kajiura
- Department of Endodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoki Umemura
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Emika Ohkoshi
- Department of Natural and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ohta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawano
- Department of Endodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dierick F, Solinc J, Bignard J, Soubrier F, Nadaud S. Progenitor/Stem Cells in Vascular Remodeling during Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061338. [PMID: 34071347 PMCID: PMC8226806 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by an important occlusive vascular remodeling with the production of new endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, and fibroblasts. Identifying the cellular processes leading to vascular proliferation and dysfunction is a major goal in order to decipher the mechanisms leading to PAH development. In addition to in situ proliferation of vascular cells, studies from the past 20 years have unveiled the role of circulating and resident vascular in pulmonary vascular remodeling. This review aims at summarizing the current knowledge on the different progenitor and stem cells that have been shown to participate in pulmonary vascular lesions and on the pathways regulating their recruitment during PAH. Finally, this review also addresses the therapeutic potential of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- France Dierick
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Julien Solinc
- UMR_S 1166, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Juliette Bignard
- UMR_S 1166, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Florent Soubrier
- UMR_S 1166, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Sophie Nadaud
- UMR_S 1166, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bouland C, Philippart P, Dequanter D, Corrillon F, Loeb I, Bron D, Lagneaux L, Meuleman N. Cross-Talk Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) in Bone Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674084. [PMID: 34079804 PMCID: PMC8166285 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex, well-orchestrated process based on the interactions between osteogenesis and angiogenesis, observed in both physiological and pathological situations. However, specific conditions (e.g., bone regeneration in large quantity, immunocompromised regenerative process) require additional support. Tissue engineering offers novel strategies. Bone regeneration requires a cell source, a matrix, growth factors and mechanical stimulation. Regenerative cells, endowed with proliferation and differentiation capacities, aim to recover, maintain, and improve bone functions. Vascularization is mandatory for bone formation, skeletal development, and different osseointegration processes. The latter delivers nutrients, growth factors, oxygen, minerals, etc. The development of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) cocultures has shown synergy between the two cell populations. The phenomena of osteogenesis and angiogenesis are intimately intertwined. Thus, cells of the endothelial line indirectly foster osteogenesis, and conversely, MSCs promote angiogenesis through different interaction mechanisms. In addition, various studies have highlighted the importance of the microenvironment via the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs stimulate bone regeneration and angiogenesis. In this review, we describe (1) the phenomenon of bone regeneration by different sources of MSCs. We assess (2) the input of EPCs in coculture in bone regeneration and describe their contribution to the osteogenic potential of MSCs. We discuss (3) the interaction mechanisms between MSCs and EPCs in the context of osteogenesis: direct or indirect contact, production of growth factors, and the importance of the microenvironment via the release of EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Bouland
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Philippart
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, IRIS South Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Dequanter
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florent Corrillon
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Loeb
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Z, Han T, Zhu H, Tang J, Guo Y, Jin Y, Wang Y, Chen G, Gu N, Wang C. Potential Osteoinductive Effects of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Endothelial Cell Interaction. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:67. [PMID: 33900483 PMCID: PMC8076414 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) has attracted substantial attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Endothelial cell (EC)-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) interactions are necessary for bone reconstruction, but the manner in which nano-HA interacts in this process remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the cytotoxicity and osteoinductive effects of HA nanoparticles (HANPs) on MSCs using an indirect co-culture model mediated by ECs and highlighted the underlying mechanisms. It was found that at a subcytotoxic dose, HANPs increased the viability and expression of osteoblast genes, as well as mineralized nodules and alkaline phosphatase production of MSCs. These phenomena relied on HIF-1α secreted by ECs, which triggered the ERK1/2 signaling cascade. In addition, a two-stage cell-lineage mathematical model was established to quantitatively analyze the impact of HIF-1α on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. It demonstrated that HIF-1α exerted a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on the osteogenic differentiation rate of MSCs up to 1500 pg/mL, which was in agreement with the above results. Our data implied that cooperative interactions between HANPs, ECs, and MSCs likely serve to stimulate bone regeneration. Furthermore, the two-stage cell-lineage model is helpful in vitro system for assessing the potential influence of effector molecules in bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 136, Han-zhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianlei Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 136, Han-zhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoqi Zhu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinxin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 136, Han-zhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 136, Han-zhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabing Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 136, Han-zhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 136, Han-zhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 136, Han-zhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 136, Han-zhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pirosa A, Gottardi R, Alexander PG, Puppi D, Chiellini F, Tuan RS. An in vitro chondro-osteo-vascular triphasic model of the osteochondral complex. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120773. [PMID: 33798958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The generation of engineered models of the osteochondral complex to study its pathologies and develop possible treatments is hindered by the distinctly different properties of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, with the latter characterized by vascularization. In vitro models of the osteochondral complex have been mainly engineered as biphasic constructs containing just cartilage and bone cells, a condition very dissimilar from the in vivo environment. The different cellular components of the osteochondral complex are governed by interacting biochemical signaling; hence, to study the crosstalk among chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and endothelial cells, we have developed a novel triphasic model of the osteochondral tissue interface. Wet-spun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds in combination with a methacrylated gelatin (gelMA) hydrogel were used as the polymeric backbone of the constructs. The scaffold components were engineered with human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and differentiated using a dual chamber microphysiological system (MPS) bioreactor that allows the simultaneous, separate flow of media of different compositions for induced differentiation of each compartment towards a cartilaginous or osseous lineage. Within the engineered Microphysiological Vascularized Osteochondral System, hMSCs showed spatially distinct chondrogenic and osteogenic markers in terms of histology and gene expression. HUVECs formed a stable capillary-like network in the engineered bone compartment and enhanced both chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, resulting in the generation of an in vitro system that mimics a vascularized osteochondral interface tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pirosa
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; BIOlab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter G Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario Puppi
- BIOlab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Chiellini
- BIOlab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Weishar R, Lee MS, Fontana G, Hematti P, Li WJ. Endothelin-1 reduces catabolic activity of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells during chondro- and osteo-lineage differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:180-185. [PMID: 32703408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) reside in a vascularized microenvironment and experience a host of blood vessel secretions, including endothelin-1 (ET1). Previously, our group has demonstrated improved induction of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in hMSCs through an ET1-induced increase in production of anabolic factors. The current study explores effects of ET1 on catabolic factors secreted by hMSCs during chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition were also explored. Our results demonstrated that ET1 reduced mRNA transcript levels of MMP2, MMP13, ADAMTS4, and ADAMTS5 in chondrogenic hMSCs, and MMP13 and ADAMTS5 in osteogenic hMSCs. Furthermore, ET1-treated chondrogenic and osteogenic hMSCs showed more intense stains for Alcian blue and Alizarin red S, respectively, than control cells. Immunocytochemical results demonstrated that the ET1-mediated reduction of MMP13 could be reversed through blocking ET1 induction. Overall, our findings indicate that hMSCs treated with ET1 during chondrogenic or osteogenic induction attenuate catabolic activities of the cell to reduce ECM degradation, suggesting that it may be beneficial to use ET1 to enhance hMSC differentiation and protect newly synthesized ECM from degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weishar
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ming-Song Lee
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gianluca Fontana
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chitlac-coated Thermosets Enhance Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis in a Co-culture of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9070928. [PMID: 31252684 PMCID: PMC6669739 DOI: 10.3390/nano9070928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) represent a population of stem cells which could be useful in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. They are part of the periendothelial niche, where their crosstalk with endothelial cells is crucial in the cellular response to biomaterials used for dental restorations. DPSCs and the endothelial cell line EA.hy926 were co-cultured in the presence of Chitlac-coated thermosets in culture conditions inducing, in turn, osteogenic or angiogenic differentiation. Cell proliferation was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl-]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. DPSC differentiation was assessed by measuring Alkaline Phosphtase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S staining, while the formation of new vessels was monitored by optical microscopy. The IL-6 and PGE2 production was evaluated as well. When cultured together, the proliferation is increased, as is the DPSC osteogenic differentiation and EA.hy926 vessel formation. The presence of thermosets appears either not to disturb the system balance or even to improve the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation. Chitlac-coated thermosets confirm their biocompatibility in the present co-culture model, being capable of improving the differentiation of both cell types. Furthermore, the assessed co-culture appears to be a useful tool to investigate cell response toward newly synthesized or commercially available biomaterials, as well as to evaluate their engraftment potential in restorative dentistry.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang JF, Lee M, Tsai T, Leiferman EM, Trask DJ, Squire MW, Li W. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 Attenuates Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Bone Loss. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:522-534. [PMID: 30784225 PMCID: PMC6525561 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) often suffer from osteopenia or osteoporosis. Although most agree that T1DM-induced hyperglycemia is a risk factor for progressive bone loss, the mechanisms for the link between T1DM and bone loss still remain elusive. In this study, we found that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) isolated from T1DM donors were less inducible for osteogenesis than those from non-T1DM donors and further identified a mechanism involving bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP6) that was produced significantly less in BMSCs derived from T1DM donors than that in control cells. With addition of exogenous BMP6 in culture, osteogenesis of BMSCs from T1DM donors was restored whereas the treatment of BMP6 seemed not to affect non-T1DM control cells. We also demonstrated that bone mineral density (BMD) was reduced in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice compared with that in control animals, and intraperitoneal injection of BMP6 mitigated bone loss and increased BMD in diabetic mice. Our results suggest that bone formation in T1DM patients is impaired by reduction of endogenous BMP6, and supplementation of BMP6 enhances osteogenesis of BMSCs to restore BMD in a mouse model of T1DM, which provides insight into the development of clinical treatments for T1DM-assocaited bone loss. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:522-534.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse F. Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ming‐Song Lee
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Tsung‐Lin Tsai
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ellen M. Leiferman
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Darrin J. Trask
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Matthew W. Squire
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Wan‐Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The impact of implant abutment surface treatment with TiO 2 on peri-implant levels of angiogenesis and bone-related markers: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 48:962-970. [PMID: 30661944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this randomized, blinded, split-mouth controlled clinical trial was to assess the influence of abutment surface treatment on tissue healing. Fifteen patients received two implants distributed randomly to two groups: test (TiO2 abutment surface), control (standard abutment surface). Levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF), bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9), endothelin 1 (ET-1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were quantified in the peri-implant fluid after 3, 14, 30, and 60 days. Inter-group comparisons indicated higher levels of EGF, BMP-9, ET-1, FGF, and PlGF in the test group after 30days (P<0.05). PlGF levels were also higher in the test group after 60 days. In the test group, intra-group analysis revealed different levels of ET-1 and FGF between days 3 and 30, and days 3 and 60 (P<0.05); furthermore, VEGF levels were significantly higher on day 60 than on day 3 (P <0.05). In the control group, intra-group analysis demonstrated significantly different levels of ET-1, FGF, and PlGF between days 3 and 60 and of PlGF between days 14 and 60 (P<0.05). In conclusion, abutment surfaces treated with TiO2 influenced the levels of angiogenesis and bone-related markers.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou L, Niu X, Liang J, Li J, Li J, Cheng Y, Meng Y, Wang Q, Yang X, Wang G, Shi Y, Dang E, Zhang K. Efficient differentiation of vascular endothelial cells from dermal-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by endothelial cell lines conditioned medium. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:734-740. [PMID: 30143315 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To directionally-differentiate dermis-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) into vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in vitro, providing an experimental basis for studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of vascular diseases. METHODS After separation by adherent culture, VEC line supernatant, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenetic protein-4 and hypoxia were used for the differentiation of VECs from DMSCs. The cell type was authenticated by flow cytometry, matrigel angiogenesis assay in vitro, and immunofluorescent staining during differentiation. The VEGF concentration was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS After 28 days of differentiation, the cell surface marker CD31 was significantly positive (80%-90%) by flow cytometry in the VEC line-conditioned culture, which was significantly higher than in the other groups. Differentiated DMSCs had the ability to ingest Dil-ac-LDL and vascularize in the conditioned culture, but not in the other groups. In the VEC line supernatant, the concentration of VEGF was very low. The VEGF concentration changed along with the differentiation into VECs in the medium of the conditioned culture group. CONCLUSION VEC line supernatant can induce the differentiation of DMSCs into VECs, possibly through the pathway except VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan 030009, Shanxi Province, China(1)
| | - Xuping Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan 030009, Shanxi Province, China(1)
| | - Jiannan Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan 030009, Shanxi Province, China(1)
| | - Junqin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan 030009, Shanxi Province, China(1)
| | - Jiao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan 030009, Shanxi Province, China(1)
| | - Yueai Cheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan 030009, Shanxi Province, China(1)
| | - Yanfeng Meng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan 030009, Shanxi Province, China(1)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan 030009, Shanxi Province, China(1)
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan 030009, Shanxi Province, China(1)
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle Road West, Xi'an, 710032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle Road West, Xi'an, 710032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan 030009, Shanxi Province, China(1).
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cao L, Kong X, Lin S, Zhang S, Wang J, Liu C, Jiang X. Synergistic effects of dual growth factor delivery from composite hydrogels incorporating 2-N,6-O-sulphated chitosan on bone regeneration. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S1-S17. [PMID: 30231646 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1488721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A promising strategy to accelerate bone generation is to deliver a combination of certain growth factors to the integration site via a controlled spatial and temporal delivery mode. Here, a composite hydrogel incorporating poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres was accordingly prepared to load and deliver the osteogenic rhBMP-2 and angiogenic rhVEGF165 in the required manner. In addition, 2-N,6-O-sulphated chitosan (26SCS), which is a synergetic factor of growth factors, was incorporated in the composite hydrogel as well. The system showed a similar release behaviour of the two growth factors regardless of 26SCS inclusion. RhBMP-2 loaded in PLGA microspheres showed a sustained release over a period of 2 weeks, whereas rhVEGF165 loaded in hydrogel eluted almost completely from the hydrogel over the first 16 days. Both growth factors retained their efficacy, as quantified with relevant in vitro assays. Moreover, an enhanced cell response was achieved upon the delivery of dual growth factors, compared to that obtained with a single factor. Furthermore, in the presence of 26SCS, the system revealed significantly upregulated alkaline phosphatase activity, human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, sprouting, nitric oxide secretion, and angiogenic gene expression. This study highlighted that the composite hydrogel incorporated with 26SCS appears to constitute a promising approach to deliver multiple growth factors. From our findings, we could also conclude that rhBMP-2 can promote angiogenesis and that the mechanism is worthy of further study in subsequent research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Cao
- a Department of Prosthodontics , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, PR China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- c Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Shuxian Lin
- a Department of Prosthodontics , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, PR China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- c Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- c Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- c Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , PR China.,d Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- a Department of Prosthodontics , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, PR China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology , National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mueller K, Carlson-Stevermer J, Saha K. Increasing the precision of gene editing in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 7:83-90. [PMID: 31086832 PMCID: PMC6510258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 enable precision genome engineering within cell lines, primary cells, and model organisms, with some formulations now entering the clinic. "Precision" applies to various aspects of gene editing, and can be tailored for each application. Here we review recent advances in four types of precision in gene editing: 1) increased DNA cutting precision (e.g., on-target:off-target nuclease specificity), 2) increased on-target knock-in of sequence variants and transgenes (e.g., increased homology-directed repair), 3) increased transcriptional control of edited genes, and 4) increased specificity in delivery to a specific cell or tissue. Design of next-generation gene and cell therapies will likely exploit a combination of these advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Mueller
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jared Carlson-Stevermer
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee MS, Wang J, Yuan H, Jiao H, Tsai TL, Squire MW, Li WJ. Endothelin-1 differentially directs lineage specification of adipose- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. FASEB J 2018; 33:996-1007. [PMID: 30096039 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800614r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels composed of endothelial cells (ECs) contact with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in different tissues, suggesting possible interaction between these 2 types of cells. We hypothesized that endothelin-1 (ET1), a secreted paracrine factor of ECs, can differentially direct the lineages of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs). Predifferentiated ASCs and BMSCs were treated with ET1 for 2 cell passages and then induced for multilineage differentiation. Our results showed that adipogenesis of ET1-pretreated ASCs and osteogenesis of ET1-pretreated BMSCs were increased compared to those of control cells. The effect of ET1 on enhancing adipogenesis of ASCs and osteogenesis of BMSCs was attenuated by blocking endothelin receptor type A (ETAR) and/or endothelin receptor type B (ETBR). Western blot analysis indicated that regulation by ET1 was mediated through activation of the protein kinase B and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. We analyzed subpopulations of ASCs and BMSCs with or without ETAR and/or ETBR, and we found that ETAR+/ETBR- and ETAR-/ETBR+ subpopulations of ASCs and those of BMSCs pretreated with ET1 were prone to turning into adipocytes and osteoblasts, respectively, after differentiation induction. Our findings provide insight into the differential regulation of MSC specification by ET1, which may help develop viable approaches for tissue regeneration.-Lee, M.-S., Wang, J., Yuan, H., Jiao, H., Tsai, T.-L., Squire, M. W., Li, W.-J. Endothelin-1 differentially directs lineage specification of adipose- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Song Lee
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and
| | - Jesse Wang
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and
| | - Huihua Yuan
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Jiao
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and
| | - Matthew W Squire
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction/Xenohybrid Bone Scaffold: An Alternative Source for Bone Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4126379. [PMID: 29853912 PMCID: PMC5949175 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4126379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a promising tool for the treatment of bone diseases or skeletal lesions, thanks to their ability to potentially repair damaged tissue. One of the major limitations of ASCs is represented by the necessity to be isolated and expanded through in vitro culture; thus, a strong interest was generated by the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF), the noncultured fraction of ASCs. SVF is a heterogeneous cell population, directly obtained after collagenase treatment of adipose tissue. In order to investigate and compare the bone-regenerative potential of SVF and ASCs, they were plated on SmartBone®, a xenohybrid bone scaffold, already used in clinical practice with successful results. We showed that SVF plated on SmartBone, in the presence of osteogenic factors, had better osteoinductive capabilities than ASCs, in terms of differentiation into bone cells, mineralization, and secretion of soluble factors stimulating osteoblasts. Indeed, we observed an increasing area of new tissue over time, with and without OM. These data strongly support an innovative idea for the use of adipose SVF and bone scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration and repair, also thanks to an easier cell management preparation that allows a potentially larger use in clinical applications.
Collapse
|
23
|
Pirosa A, Gottardi R, Alexander PG, Tuan RS. Engineering in-vitro stem cell-based vascularized bone models for drug screening and predictive toxicology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:112. [PMID: 29678192 PMCID: PMC5910611 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of veritable in-vitro models of bone tissue is essential to understand the biology of bone and its surrounding environment, to analyze the pathogenesis of bone diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, etc.), to develop effective therapeutic drug screening, and to test potential therapeutic strategies. Dysregulated interactions between vasculature and bone cells are often related to the aforementioned pathologies, underscoring the need for a bone model that contains engineered vasculature. Due to ethical restraints and limited prediction power of animal models, human stem cell-based tissue engineering has gained increasing relevance as a candidate approach to overcome the limitations of animals and to serve as preclinical models for drug testing. Since bone is a highly vascularized tissue, the concomitant development of vasculature and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenic and endothelial precursors. A number of experimental approaches have been used to achieve this goal, such as the combination of angiogenic factors and three-dimensional scaffolds, prevascularization strategies, and coculture systems. In this review, we present an overview of the current models and approaches to generate in-vitro stem cell-based vascularized bone, with emphasis on the main challenges of vasculature engineering. These challenges are related to the choice of biomaterials, scaffold fabrication techniques, and cells, as well as the type of culturing conditions required, and specifically the application of dynamic culture systems using bioreactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pirosa
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, Palermo, 90133 Italy
| | - Peter G. Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou Y, Tsai TL, Li WJ. Strategies to retain properties of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ex vivo. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1409:3-17. [PMID: 28984359 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used for cell therapies and tissue engineering. The current MSC strategy requires a large quantity of cells for such applications, which can be achieved through cell expansion in culture. In the body, stem cell fate is largely determined by their microenvironment, known as the niche. The complex and dynamic stem cell niche provides physical, mechanical, and chemical cues to collaboratively regulate cell activities. It remains a great challenge to maintain the properties of MSCs in culture. Constructing a microenvironment as an engineered stem cell niche in culture to maintain MSC phenotypes, properties, and functions is a viable strategy to address the issue. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC behavior in the bone marrow niche, describe different strategies to engineer an in vitro microenvironment for maintaining MSC properties and functions, and discuss previous findings on environmental factors critical to the modulation of MSC activities in engineered microenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Zhou
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pourjafar M, Saidijam M, Mansouri K, Malih S, Ranjbar Nejad T, Shabab N, Najafi R. Cytoprotective effects of endothelin-1 on mesenchymal stem cells: an in vitro study. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:769-76. [PMID: 27161651 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies is a promising approach for regenerative therapy in various diseases. Some obstacles remain to be solved before clinical application of the cell therapy is realized, including increasing the survival of transplanted stem cells, reducing loss of transplanted cells, and maintaining adequate vascular supply. Recently, stem cell preconditioning with chemical and pharmacological agents has been shown to increase therapeutic efficacy. The present study investigated the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on survival, angiogenesis, and migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in vitro. MSCs were treated with various concentrations of ET-1 and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), angiopoietin-4 (Ang-4) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were examined. Caspase 3 activity and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined by ELISA assay. MSCs migration and tube formation potential were assessed using scratch test and three dimensional vessel formation assay. ET-1 enhanced the MSCs viability. In ET-1- treated MSCs, expression of COX-2, HIF-1, CXCR4, CCR2, VEGF, Ang-2, Ang-4 and MMP-2 were increased compared to control groups. Elevation of all these genes were reversed by celecoxib (50 μmol/L), a selective COX-2 inhibitor. PGE2 generation, MSCs migration and tube formation were enhanced by ET-1 conditioning, whereas caspase-3 activity was reduced in these cells, compared to the control group. The results presented here reveal that preconditioning of MSCs with ET-1 has strong cytoprotective effects through activation of survival signalling molecules and trophic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Pourjafar
- Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sara Malih
- Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Ranjbar Nejad
- Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nooshin Shabab
- Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hu LW, Wang X, Jiang XQ, Xu LQ, Pan HY. In vivo and in vitro study of osteogenic potency of endothelin-1 on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:25-32. [PMID: 28432001 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a major source of osteoblasts and are crucial for bone remolding and repair and thus they are widely used for tissue engineering applications. Tissue engineering in combination with gene therapy is considered as a promising approach in new bone regeneration. Endothelin-1(EDN-1)is produced by vascular endothelial cells which plays an important role during bone development. However, its role in BMSCs remains largely unknown. We established EDN-1 overexpressed BMSCs, proliferation ability and osteogenesis differentiation were detected respectively. Transduced BMSCs were then combined with CPC-scaffold to repair calvarial defects in rats to evaluate the in-vivo osteogenic potential of EDN-1. EDN-1 overexpressed BMSCs showed increased proliferation and significantly increased osteogenesis potential ability than vector transfected control. The in-vivo data also revealed more new bone formation with higher bone mineral density and number of trabeculae in EDN-1 overexpressed BMSCs. These findings have demonstrated the influence of EDN-1 on differentiation potential of BMSCs, which suggest that EDN-1 may be a new promising agent for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Wei Hu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, PR China; Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Xin-Qun Jiang
- Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Li-Qun Xu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, PR China.
| | - Hong-Ya Pan
- Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tsai TL, Li WJ. Identification of Bone Marrow-Derived Soluble Factors Regulating Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:387-400. [PMID: 28162996 PMCID: PMC5312426 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining properties of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in culture for regenerative applications remains a great challenge. An emerging approach of constructing a culture environment mimicking the bone marrow niche to regulate BMSC activities has been developed. In this study, we have demonstrated a systematic approach to identify soluble factors of interest extracted from human bone marrow and used them in BMSC culture for tissue regeneration. We have found that lipocalin-2 and prolactin are key factors in bone marrow, involved in regulating BMSC activities. Treating the cell with lipocalin-2 and prolactin delays cellular senescence of BMSCs and primes the cell for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. We have also demonstrated that BMSCs pretreated with lipocalin-2 and prolactin can enhance the repair of calvarial defects in mice. Together, our study provides research evidence of using a viable approach to prime BMSC properties in vitro for improving cell-based tissue regeneration in vivo. Soluble factors extracted from bone marrow maintain BMSC properties in culture LCN2 and PRL of bone marrow delay cellular senescence of BMSCs LCN2 and PRL prime cultured BMSCs to enhance bone regeneration in mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Freeman FE, McNamara LM. Endochondral Priming: A Developmental Engineering Strategy for Bone Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 23:128-141. [PMID: 27758156 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have significant potential to treat bone pathologies by exploiting the capacity for bone progenitors to grow and produce tissue constituents under specific biochemical and physical conditions. However, conventional tissue engineering approaches, which combine stem cells with biomaterial scaffolds, are limited as the constructs often degrade, due to a lack of vascularization, and lack the mechanical integrity to fulfill load bearing functions, and as such are not yet widely used for clinical treatment of large bone defects. Recent studies have proposed that in vitro tissue engineering approaches should strive to simulate in vivo bone developmental processes and, thereby, imitate natural factors governing cell differentiation and matrix production, following the paradigm recently defined as "developmental engineering." Although developmental engineering strategies have been recently developed that mimic specific aspects of the endochondral ossification bone formation process, these findings are not widely understood. Moreover, a critical comparison of these approaches to standard biomaterial-based bone tissue engineering has not yet been undertaken. For that reason, this article presents noteworthy experimental findings from researchers focusing on developing an endochondral-based developmental engineering strategy for bone tissue regeneration. These studies have established that in vitro approaches, which mimic certain aspects of the endochondral ossification process, namely the formation of the cartilage template and the vascularization of the cartilage template, can promote mineralization and vascularization to a certain extent both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, this article outlines specific experimental challenges that must be overcome to further exploit the biology of endochondral ossification and provide a tissue engineering construct for clinical treatment of large bone/nonunion defects and obviate the need for bone tissue graft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Freeman
- Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Visser R, Rico-Llanos GA, Pulkkinen H, Becerra J. Peptides for bone tissue engineering. J Control Release 2016; 244:122-135. [PMID: 27794492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular signals in the form of growth factors are the main modulators of cell behavior. However, the use of growth factors in tissue engineering has several drawbacks, including their costs, difficult production, immunogenicity and short half-life. Furthermore, many of them are pleiotropic and, since a single growth factor can have different active domains, their effect is not always fully controllable. A very interesting alternative that has recently emerged is the use of biomimetic peptides. Sequences derived from the active domains of soluble or extracellular matrix proteins can be used to functionalize the biomaterials used as scaffolds for new tissue growth to either direct the attachment of cells or to be released as soluble ligands. Since these short peptides can be easily designed and cost-effectively synthesized in vitro, their use has opened up a world of new opportunities to obtain cheaper and more effective implants for regenerative medicine strategies. In this extensive review we will go through many of the most important peptides with potential interest for bone tissue engineering, not limiting to those that only mediate cell adhesion or induce the osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells, but also focusing on those that direct angiogenesis because of its close relation with bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick Visser
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, Spain; BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga, Spain.
| | - Gustavo A Rico-Llanos
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, Spain; BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga, Spain
| | - Hertta Pulkkinen
- BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jose Becerra
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, Spain; BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Freeman FE, Stevens HY, Owens P, Guldberg RE, McNamara LM. Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Mimicking the Cellular Niche of the Endochondral Template. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:1176-1190. [PMID: 27604384 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro bone regeneration strategies that prime mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with chondrogenic factors, to mimic aspects of the endochondral ossification process, have been shown to promote mineralization and vascularization by MSCs both in vitro and when implanted in vivo. However, these approaches required the use of osteogenic supplements, namely dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate, none of which are endogenous mediators of bone formation in vivo. Rather MSCs, endothelial progenitor cells, and chondrocytes all reside in proximity within the cartilage template and might paracrineally regulate osteogenic differentiation. Thus, this study tests the hypothesis that an in vitro bone regeneration approach that mimics the cellular niche existing during endochondral ossification, through coculture of MSCs, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes, will obviate the need for extraneous osteogenic supplements and provide an alternative strategy to elicit osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and mineral production. The specific objectives of this study were to (1) mimic the cellular niche existing during endochondral ossification and (2) investigate whether osteogenic differentiation could be induced without the use of any external growth factors. To test the hypothesis, we evaluated the mineralization and vessel formation potential of (a) a novel methodology involving both chondrogenic priming and the coculture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and MSCs compared with (b) chondrogenic priming of MSCs alone, (c) addition of HUVECs to chondrogenically primed MSC aggregates, (d-f) the same experimental groups cultured in the presence of osteogenic supplements and (g) a noncoculture group cultured in the presence of osteogenic growth factors alone. Biochemical (DNA, alkaline phosphatase [ALP], calcium, CD31+, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), histological (alcian blue, alizarin red), and immunohistological (CD31+) analyses were conducted to investigate osteogenic differentiation and vascularization at various time points (1, 2, and 3 weeks). The coculture methodology enhanced both osteogenesis and vasculogenesis compared with osteogenic differentiation alone, whereas osteogenic supplements inhibited the osteogenesis and vascularization (ALP, calcium, and VEGF) induced through coculture alone. Taken together, these results suggest that chondrogenic and vascular priming can obviate the need for osteogenic supplements to induce osteogenesis of human MSCs in vitro, while allowing for the formation of rudimentary vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Freeman
- 1 Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Hazel Y Stevens
- 2 George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter Owens
- 3 Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, National University of Ireland , Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- 2 George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- 1 Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hofer HR, Tuan RS. Secreted trophic factors of mesenchymal stem cells support neurovascular and musculoskeletal therapies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:131. [PMID: 27612948 PMCID: PMC5016979 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a subject of intense experimental and biomedical interest. Recently, trophic activities of MSCs have become the topic of a number of revealing studies that span both basic and clinical fields. In this review, we focus on recent investigations that have elucidated trophic mechanisms and shed light on MSC clinical efficacy relevant to musculoskeletal applications. Innate differences due to MSC sourcing may play a role in the clinical utility of isolated MSCs. Pain management, osteochondral, nerve, or blood vessel support by MSCs derived from both autologous and allogeneic sources have been examined. Recent mechanistic insights into the trophic activities of these cells point to ultimate regulation by nitric oxide, nuclear factor-kB, and indoleamine, among other signaling pathways. Classic growth factors and cytokines-such as VEGF, CNTF, GDNF, TGF-β, interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), and C-C ligands (CCL-2, CCL-5, and CCL-23)-serve as paracrine control molecules secreted or packaged into extracellular vesicles, or exosomes, by MSCs. Recent studies have also implicated signaling by microRNAs contained in MSC-derived exosomes. The response of target cells is further regulated by their microenvironment, involving the extracellular matrix, which may be modified by MSC-produced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of MMPs. Trophic activities of MSCs, either resident or introduced exogenously, are thus intricately controlled, and may be further fine-tuned via implant material modifications. MSCs are actively being investigated for the repair and regeneration of both osteochondral and other musculoskeletal tissues, such as tendon/ligament and meniscus. Future rational and effective MSC-based musculoskeletal therapies will benefit from better mechanistic understanding of MSC trophic activities, for example using analytical "-omics" profiling approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R Hofer
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dzobo K, Turnley T, Wishart A, Rowe A, Kallmeyer K, van Vollenstee FA, Thomford NE, Dandara C, Chopera D, Pepper MS, Parker MI. Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix Induces Chondrogenic Differentiation in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1259. [PMID: 27527147 PMCID: PMC5000657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) represent an area being intensively researched for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. MSCs may provide the opportunity to treat diseases and injuries that currently have limited therapeutic options, as well as enhance present strategies for tissue repair. The cellular environment has a significant role in cellular development and differentiation through cell-matrix interactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of adipose-derived MSCs (ad-MSCs) in the context of a cell-derived matrix so as to model the in vivo physiological microenvironment. The fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix (fd-ECM) did not affect ad-MSC morphology, but reduced ad-MSC proliferation. Ad-MSCs cultured on fd-ECM displayed decreased expression of integrins α2 and β1 and subsequently lost their multipotency over time, as shown by the decrease in CD44, Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), SOX2, and NANOG gene expression. The fd-ECM induced chondrogenic differentiation in ad-MSCs compared to control ad-MSCs. Loss of function studies, through the use of siRNA and a mutant Notch1 construct, revealed that ECM-mediated ad-MSCs chondrogenesis requires Notch1 and β-catenin signaling. The fd-ECM also showed anti-senescence effects on ad-MSCs. The fd-ECM is a promising approach for inducing chondrogenesis in ad-MSCs and chondrogenic differentiated ad-MSCs could be used in stem cell therapy procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Taegyn Turnley
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Andrew Wishart
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Arielle Rowe
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Karlien Kallmeyer
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Fiona A van Vollenstee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Nicholas E Thomford
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Denis Chopera
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tekari A, Chan SCW, Sakai D, Grad S, Gantenbein B. Angiopoietin-1 receptor Tie2 distinguishes multipotent differentiation capability in bovine coccygeal nucleus pulposus cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:75. [PMID: 27216150 PMCID: PMC4878031 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intervertebral disc (IVD) has limited self-healing potential and disc repair strategies require an appropriate cell source such as progenitor cells that could regenerate the damaged cells and tissues. The objective of this study was to identify nucleus pulposus-derived progenitor cells (NPPC) and examine their potential in regenerative medicine in vitro. METHODS Nucleus pulposus cells (NPC) were obtained from 1-year-old bovine coccygeal discs by enzymatic digestion and were sorted for the angiopoietin-1 receptor Tie2. The obtained Tie2- and Tie2+ fractions of cells were differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in vitro. Colony-forming units were prepared from both cell populations and the colonies formed were analyzed and quantified after 8 days of culture. In order to improve the preservation of the Tie2+ phenotype of NPPC in monolayer cultures, we tested a selection of growth factors known to have stimulating effects, cocultured NPPC with IVD tissue, and exposed them to hypoxic conditions (2 % O2). RESULTS After 3 weeks of differentiation culture, only the NPC that were positive for Tie2 were able to differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes as characterized by calcium deposition (p < 0.0001), fat droplet formation (p < 0.0001), and glycosaminoglycan content (p = 0.0095 vs. Tie2- NPC), respectively. Sorted Tie2- and Tie2+ subpopulations of cells both formed colonies; however, the colonies formed from Tie2+ cells were spheroid in shape, whereas those from Tie2- cells were spread and fibroblastic. In addition, Tie2+ cells formed more colonies in 3D culture (p = 0.011) than Tie2- cells. During expansion, a fast decline in the fraction of Tie2+ cells was observed (p < 0.0001), which was partially reversed by low oxygen concentration (p = 0.0068) and supplementation of the culture with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the bovine nucleus pulposus contains NPPC that are Tie2+. These cells fulfilled formally progenitor criteria that were maintained in subsequent monolayer culture for up to 7 days by addition of FGF2 or hypoxic conditions. We propose that the nucleus pulposus represents a niche of precursor cells for regeneration of the IVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Tekari
- Tissue and Organ Mechanobiology, Institute for Surgical Technology & Biomechanics, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Samantha C W Chan
- Tissue and Organ Mechanobiology, Institute for Surgical Technology & Biomechanics, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department for Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.,AO Spine Research Network, AO Spine International, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,AO Spine Research Network, AO Spine International, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Tissue and Organ Mechanobiology, Institute for Surgical Technology & Biomechanics, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,AO Spine Research Network, AO Spine International, Davos, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang Y, Yin J, Ding H, Zhang C, Gao YS. Vitamin K2 Ameliorates Damage of Blood Vessels by Glucocorticoid: a Potential Mechanism for Its Protective Effects in Glucocorticoid-induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in a Rat Model. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:776-85. [PMID: 27313492 PMCID: PMC4910597 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid has been reported to decrease blood vessel number and harm the blood supply in the femoral head, which is recognized to be an important mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). To prevent glucocorticoid-induced ONFH, medication that promotes both bone formation and angiogenesis would be ideal. Vitamin K2 has been revealed to play an important role in bone metabolism; however, few studies have focused on the effect of Vitamin K2 on new vascular formation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether Vitamin K2 promoted new blood vessel formation in the presence of glucocorticoids, both in vitro and in vivo. The effect of Vitamin K2 on viability, migration, in vitro tube formation, and VEGF, vWF, CD31, KDR, Flt and PDGFB in EAhy926 incubated with or without dexamethasone were elucidated. VEGF, TGF-β and BMP-2, angiogenesis-related proteins secreted by osteoblasts, were also detected in the osteoblast-like cell line of MG63. In addition, blood vessels of the femoral head in rats administered with or without methylprednisolone and Vitamin K2 were evaluated using angiography and CD31 staining. In vitro studies showed that Vitamin K2 significantly protected endothelial cells from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, promoted endothelial cell migration and in vitro tube formation. Angiogenesis-related proteins both in EAhy926 and MG63 were also upregulated by Vitamin K2 when cotreated with dexamethasone. In vivo studies showed enhanced blood vessel volume and CD31-positive staining cells in rats cotreated with VK2 and methylprednisolone compared to rats treated with methylprednisolone only. Collectively, Vitamin K2 has the ability to promote angiogenesis in vitro and to ameliorate vessels of the femoral head in glucocorticoid-treated rats in vivo, indicating that Vitamin K2 is a promising drug that may be used to prevent steroid-induced ONFH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuelei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhui Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Shui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shafiq M, Jung Y, Kim SH. Insight on stem cell preconditioning and instructive biomaterials to enhance cell adhesion, retention, and engraftment for tissue repair. Biomaterials 2016; 90:85-115. [PMID: 27016619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are a promising solution for the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, the limited survival and engraftment of transplanted cells due to a hostile ischemic environment is a bottleneck for effective utilization and commercialization. Within this environment, the majority of transplanted cells undergo apoptosis prior to participating in lineage differentiation and cellular integration. Therefore, in order to maximize the clinical utility of stem/progenitor cells, strategies must be employed to increase their adhesion, retention, and engraftment in vivo. Here, we reviewed key strategies that are being adopted to enhance the survival, retention, and engraftment of transplanted stem cells through the manipulation of both the stem cells and the surrounding environment. We describe how preconditioning of cells or cell manipulations strategies can enhance stem cell survival and engraftment after transplantation. We also discuss how biomaterials can enhance the function of stem cells for effective tissue regeneration. Biomaterials can incorporate or mimic extracellular function (ECM) function and enhance survival or differentiation of transplanted cells in vivo. Biomaterials can also promote angiogenesis, enhance engraftment and differentiation, and accelerate electromechanical integration of transplanted stem cells. Insight gained from this review may direct the development of future investigations and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang PY, Thissen H, Kingshott P. Stimulation of Early Osteochondral Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Binary Colloidal Crystals (BCCs). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4477-4488. [PMID: 26812467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new surface based on self-assembly of two colloids into well-defined nanostructures, so-called binary colloidal crystals (BCCs), was fabricated for stem cell culture. The facile fabrication process are able to cover large surface areas (>3 cm-diameter, i.e. > 7 cm(2)) with ordered surface nanotopographies that is often a challenge particularly in biomaterials science. From our library, four different combinations of BCCs were selected using mixtures of silica, polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) particles with sizes in the range from 100 nm to 5 μm. Cell spreading, proliferation, and surface-induced lineage commitment of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) was studied using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunostaining. The results showed that BCCs induced osteo- and chondro- but not adipo-gene expression in the absence of induction medium suggesting that the osteochondral lineage can be stimulated by the BCCs. When applying induction media, higher osteo- and chondro-gene expression on BCCs was found compared with tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and flat silica (Si) controls, respectively. Colony forming of chondrogenic hADSCs was found on BCCs and TCPS but not Si controls, suggesting that the differentiation of stem cells is surface-dependent. BCCs provide access to complex nanotopographies and chemistries, which can find applications in cell culture and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, 3122 Victoria, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Bayview Avenue, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helmut Thissen
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Bayview Avenue, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, 3122 Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schimke MM, Marozin S, Lepperdinger G. Patient-Specific Age: The Other Side of the Coin in Advanced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy. Front Physiol 2015; 6:362. [PMID: 26696897 PMCID: PMC4667069 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotential mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are present as a rare subpopulation within any type of stroma in the body of higher animals. Prominently, MSC have been recognized to reside in perivascular locations, supposedly maintaining blood vessel integrity. During tissue damage and injury, MSC/pericytes become activated, evade from their perivascular niche and are thus assumed to support wound healing and tissue regeneration. In vitro MSC exhibit demonstrated capabilities to differentiate into a wide variety of tissue cell types. Hence, many MSC-based therapeutic approaches have been performed to address bone, cartilage, or heart regeneration. Furthermore, prominent studies showed efficacy of ex vivo expanded MSC to countervail graft-vs.-host-disease. Therefore, additional fields of application are presently conceived, in which MSC-based therapies potentially unfold beneficial effects, such as amelioration of non-healing conditions after tendon or spinal cord injury, as well as neuropathies. Working along these lines, MSC-based scientific research has been forged ahead to prominently occupy the clinical stage. Aging is to a great deal stochastic by nature bringing forth changes in an individual fashion. Yet, is aging of stem cells or/and their corresponding niche considered a determining factor for outcome and success of clinical therapies?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Schimke
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Stem Cell Research, Aging and Regeneration, University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sabrina Marozin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Stem Cell Research, Aging and Regeneration, University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Günter Lepperdinger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Stem Cell Research, Aging and Regeneration, University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Amato B, Compagna R, Amato M, Butrico L, Fugetto F, Chibireva MD, Barbetta A, Cannistrà M, de Franciscis S, Serra R. The role of adult tissue-derived stem cells in chronic leg ulcers: a systematic review focused on tissue regeneration medicine. Int Wound J 2015; 13:1289-1298. [PMID: 26399452 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an articulated process that can be impaired in different steps in chronic wounds. Chronic leg ulcers are a special type of non-healing wounds that represent an important cause of morbidity and public cost in western countries. Because of their common recurrence after conventional managements and increasing prevalence due to an ageing population, newer approaches are needed. Over the last decade, the research has been focused on innovative treatment strategies, including stem-cell-based therapies. After the initial interest in embryonic pluripotent cells, several different types of adult stem cells have been studied because of ethical issues. Specific types of adult stem cells have shown a high potentiality in tissue healing, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Aim of this review is to clearly report the newest insights on tissue regeneration medicine, with particular regard for chronic leg ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Amato
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Compagna
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Amato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Butrico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Fugetto
- School of Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mariia D Chibireva
- School of Medicine, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Tatarstan Republic, Russian Federation
| | - Andrea Barbetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Cannistrà
- Department of Surgery, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Stefano de Franciscis
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|