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Zhu S, Chen Y, Lu Z, Kong S, Zhang Y, Jia X, Xin H, Zhang X, Zhang W, Liu F, Kong L. Bacteroid cerium oxide particles promote macrophage polarization to achieve early vascularization and subsequent osseointegration around implants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149647. [PMID: 38350211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The establishment of an osseointegration is crucial for the long-term stability and functionality of implant materials, and early angiogenesis is the key to successful osseointegration. However, the bioinertness of titanium implants affects osseointegration, limiting their clinical application. In this study, inspired by the rapid polarization of macrophages following the phagocytosis of bacteria, we developed bacteroid cerium oxide particles; these particles were composed of CeO2 and had a size similar to that of Bacillus (0.5 μ m). These particles were constructed on the implant surfaces using a hydrothermal method. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the particles effectively decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in macrophages (RAW264.7). Furthermore, these particles exerted effects on M1 macrophage polarization, enhanced nitric oxide (NO) secretion to promote vascular regeneration, and facilitated rapid macrophage transition to the M2 phenotype. Subsequently, the particles facilitated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration. In vivo studies showed that these particles rapidly stimulated innate immune responses in animal models, leading to enhanced angiogenesis around the implant and improved osseointegration. In summary, the presence of bacteroid cerium oxide particles on the implant surface regulated and accelerated macrophage polarization, thereby enhancing angiogenesis during the immune response and improving peri-implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolingzhuo Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - He Xin
- The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Both Enhance and Inhibit the Cellular Response to DNA Immunization by Genes of Nonstructural Proteins of the Hepatitis C Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158121
expr 825321411 + 858242883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, there is still no vaccine against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSCs can exhibit adjuvant properties during DNA vaccination against hepatitis C. We used the pcNS3-NS5B plasmid encoding five nonstructural HCV proteins and MSCs derived from mice bone marrow. Five groups of DBA mice were immunized with the plasmid and/or MSCs in a different order. Group 1 was injected with the plasmid twice at intervals of 3 weeks; Group 2 with the plasmid, and after 24 h with MSCs; Group 3 with MSCs followed by the plasmid the next day; Group 4 with only MSCs; and Group 5 with saline. When the MSCs were injected prior to DNA immunization, the cell immune response to HCV proteins assessed by the level of IFN-γ synthesis was markedly increased compared to DNA alone. In contrast, MSCs injected after DNA suppressed the immune response. Apparently, the high level of proinflammatory cytokines detected after DNA injection promotes the conversion of MSCs introduced later into the immunosuppressive MSC2. The low level of cytokines in mice before MSC administration promotes the high immunostimulatory activity of MSC1 in response to a DNA vaccine. Thus, when administered before DNA, MSCs are capable of exhibiting promising adjuvant properties.
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Masalova OV, Lesnova EI, Klimova RR, Ivanov AV, Kushch AA. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Both Enhance and Inhibit the Cellular Response to DNA Immunization by Genes of Nonstructural Proteins of the Hepatitis C Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8121. [PMID: 34360889 PMCID: PMC8347804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158121&set/a 880446214+990577611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, there is still no vaccine against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSCs can exhibit adjuvant properties during DNA vaccination against hepatitis C. We used the pcNS3-NS5B plasmid encoding five nonstructural HCV proteins and MSCs derived from mice bone marrow. Five groups of DBA mice were immunized with the plasmid and/or MSCs in a different order. Group 1 was injected with the plasmid twice at intervals of 3 weeks; Group 2 with the plasmid, and after 24 h with MSCs; Group 3 with MSCs followed by the plasmid the next day; Group 4 with only MSCs; and Group 5 with saline. When the MSCs were injected prior to DNA immunization, the cell immune response to HCV proteins assessed by the level of IFN-γ synthesis was markedly increased compared to DNA alone. In contrast, MSCs injected after DNA suppressed the immune response. Apparently, the high level of proinflammatory cytokines detected after DNA injection promotes the conversion of MSCs introduced later into the immunosuppressive MSC2. The low level of cytokines in mice before MSC administration promotes the high immunostimulatory activity of MSC1 in response to a DNA vaccine. Thus, when administered before DNA, MSCs are capable of exhibiting promising adjuvant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Masalova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-190-30-49
| | - Ekaterina I. Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Regina R. Klimova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alla A. Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
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Masalova OV, Lesnova EI, Klimova RR, Ivanov AV, Kushch AA. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Both Enhance and Inhibit the Cellular Response to DNA Immunization by Genes of Nonstructural Proteins of the Hepatitis C Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8121. [PMID: 34360889 PMCID: PMC8347804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, there is still no vaccine against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSCs can exhibit adjuvant properties during DNA vaccination against hepatitis C. We used the pcNS3-NS5B plasmid encoding five nonstructural HCV proteins and MSCs derived from mice bone marrow. Five groups of DBA mice were immunized with the plasmid and/or MSCs in a different order. Group 1 was injected with the plasmid twice at intervals of 3 weeks; Group 2 with the plasmid, and after 24 h with MSCs; Group 3 with MSCs followed by the plasmid the next day; Group 4 with only MSCs; and Group 5 with saline. When the MSCs were injected prior to DNA immunization, the cell immune response to HCV proteins assessed by the level of IFN-γ synthesis was markedly increased compared to DNA alone. In contrast, MSCs injected after DNA suppressed the immune response. Apparently, the high level of proinflammatory cytokines detected after DNA injection promotes the conversion of MSCs introduced later into the immunosuppressive MSC2. The low level of cytokines in mice before MSC administration promotes the high immunostimulatory activity of MSC1 in response to a DNA vaccine. Thus, when administered before DNA, MSCs are capable of exhibiting promising adjuvant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Masalova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina I. Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Regina R. Klimova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alla A. Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
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Kidney inflammaging is promoted by CCR2 + macrophages and tissue-derived micro-environmental factors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:3485-3501. [PMID: 33313981 PMCID: PMC8038964 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of disorders associated with low inflammatory state, such as chronic kidney disease, increases in the elderly. The accumulation of senescent cells during aging and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which leads to inflammaging, is known to be deleterious and account for progressive organ dysfunction. To date, the cellular actors implicated in chronic inflammation in the kidney during aging are still not well characterized. Using the DECyt method, based on hierarchical clustering of flow cytometry data, we showed that aging was associated with significant changes in stromal cell diversity in the kidney. In particular, we identified two cell populations up-regulated with aging, the mesenchymal stromal cell subset (kMSC) expressing CD73 and the monocyte-derived Ly6C+ CCR2+ macrophage subset expressing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Aged CD73+ kMSCs depicted senescence associated features with low proliferation rate, increased DNA damage foci and Ccl2 expression. Using co-cultures experiments, we showed that aged CD73+ kMSC promoted monocyte activation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines albeit less efficiently than young CD73+ kMSCs. In the context of ageing, increased frequency of CD73+ kMSC subpopulations could provide additional niche factors to newly recruited monocytes favoring a positive regulatory loop in response to local inflammation. Interfering with such partnership during aging could be a valuable approach to regulate kidney inflammaging and to limit the risk of developing chronic kidney disease in the elderly.
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Bernardini C, Bertocchi M, Zannoni A, Salaroli R, Tubon I, Dothel G, Fernandez M, Bacci ML, Calzà L, Forni M. Constitutive and LPS-stimulated secretome of porcine Vascular Wall-Mesenchymal Stem Cells exerts effects on in vitro endothelial angiogenesis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:123. [PMID: 31029157 PMCID: PMC6487069 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MSCs secretome is under investigation as an alternative to whole-cell-based therapies, since it is enriched of bioactive molecules: growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. Taking into account the translational value of the pig model, the leading aim of the present paper was to characterize the secretome of porcine Vascular Wall–Mesenchymal Stem Cells (pVW-MSCs) and its change in presence of LPS stimulation. Moreover, considering the importance of angiogenesis in regenerative mechanisms, we analysed the effect of pVW-MSCs secretome on in vitro angiogenesis. Results Our results demonstrated that conditioned medium from unstimulated pVW-MSCs contained high levels of IL-8, GM-CSF, IFN-γ and other immunomodulatory proteins: IL-6 IL-18 IL-4 IL-2 IL-10. LPS modulates pVW-MSCs gene expression and secretome composition, in particular a significant increase of IL-6 and IL-8 was observed; conversely, the amount of GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-18 showed a significant transient decrease with the LPS stimulation. Conditioned medium from unstimulated pVW-MSCs induced in vitro endothelial angiogenesis, which is more evident when the conditioned medium was from LPS stimulated pVW-MSCs. Conclusions The lines of evidence here presented shed a light on possible future application of secretome derived by pVW-MSCs on research studies in translational regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irvin Tubon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,Escuela de Enfermeria, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes UNIANDES, Ambato, EC180150, Ecuador
| | - Giovanni Dothel
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mercedes Fernandez
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology - FaBiT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Vascular, resident stem cells are present in all 3 layers of the vessel wall; they play a role in vascular formation under physiological conditions and in remodeling in pathological situations. Throughout development and adult early life, resident stem cells participate in vessel formation through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In adults, the vascular stem cells are mostly quiescent in their niches but can be activated in response to injury and participate in endothelial repair and smooth muscle cell accumulation to form neointima. However, delineation of the characteristics and of the migration and differentiation behaviors of these stem cells is an area of ongoing investigation. A set of genetic mouse models for cell lineage tracing has been developed to specifically address the nature of these cells and both migration and differentiation processes during physiological angiogenesis and in vascular diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on resident stem cells, which has become more defined and refined in vascular biology research, thus contributing to the development of new potential therapeutic strategies to promote endothelial regeneration and ameliorate vascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., Q.X.)
| | - Ting Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academic of Sciences (B.Z.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., Q.X.)
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Li J, Hu SB, He YM, Zhuo CF, Zhou RL, Chen F, Li HY, Deng ZY. 9c11tCLA modulates 11t18:1 and 9t18:1 induced inflammations differently in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1535. [PMID: 29367652 PMCID: PMC5784167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial inflammation is recognized as the initial stage of a multistep process leading to coronary heart disease (CHD). Recently, the different effects of industrial trans fatty acids (elaidic acid, 9t18:1) and ruminant trans fatty acids (vaccenic acid, 11t18:1) on CHD have been reported in epidemiological and animal studies, however, the mechanism was not fully studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism by which 9t18:1 and 11t18:1 affect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) inflammation. We found that 9c11t-CLA modulated the inflammation of HUVECs induced by 9t18:1 and 11t18:1. Fatty acid composition, pro-inflammatory factors, phosphorylation of MAPKs, and the TLR4 level in HUVECs altered by 11t18:1 induction, collectively suggest that the bio-conversion of 11t18:1 to 9c11tCLA might be the cause why 11t18:1 and 9t18:1 have distinct influences on endothelial injuries. It was concluded that it is biosynthesis of 9c11t CLA from11t18:1, and the modulation of TLR4-MAPK pathway by 9c11t CLA, which at least partially account for the slight effect of 11t18:1 on endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Sheng-Ben Hu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yue-Ming He
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Zhuo
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Ruo-Lin Zhou
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China. .,Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Mouse Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Expressing Adipogenic and Osteogenic Transcription Factors Suppress the Macrophage Inflammatory Response. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5846257. [PMID: 28191017 PMCID: PMC5278224 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5846257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitor cell characteristics that can identify progenitor populations with specific functions in immunity are actively being investigated. Progenitors from bone marrow and adipose tissue regulate the macrophage (MΦ) inflammatory response by promoting the switch from an inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Conversely, mesenchymal progenitors from the mouse aorta (mAo) support and contribute to the MΦ response under inflammatory conditions. We used cell lines with purported opposing immune-regulatory function, a bone marrow derived mesenchymal progenitor cell line (D1) and a mouse aorta derived mesenchymal progenitor cell line (mAo). Their interaction and regulation of the MΦ cell response to the inflammatory mediator, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was examined by coculture. As expected, D1 cells suppressed NO, TNF-α, and IL-12p70 production but MΦ phagocytic activity remained unchanged. The mAo cells enhanced NO and TNF-α production in coculture and enhanced MΦ phagocytic activity. Using flow cytometry and PCR array, we then sought to identify sets of MSC-associated genes and markers that are expressed by these progenitor populations. We have determined that immune-supportive mesenchymal progenitors highly express chondrogenic and tenogenic transcription factors while immunosuppressive mesenchymal progenitors highly express adipogenic and osteogenic transcription factors. These data will be useful for the isolation, purification, and modification of mesenchymal progenitors to be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Tamura R, Uemoto S, Tabata Y. Immunosuppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on a concanavalin A-induced liver injury model. Inflamm Regen 2016; 36:26. [PMID: 29259699 PMCID: PMC5725906 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-016-0030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes on an immune-induced liver injury model. MSCs show a unique function to modulate immune reaction although the molecular mechanisms are still under investigation. Exosomes are a nanoparticle containing microRNA and many ligands and are recognized as important factors secreted from MSC to express their function. This research is undertaken to evaluate the effect of MSC-derived exosome on concanavalin-A (con-A)-induced liver injury. METHODS Exosomes were collected from the supernatant of MSC from the bone marrow of C57B6 mice with ultracentrifugation. The collected exosomes or MSCs were injected intravenously into liver injury mice that had been prepared by the intravenous con-A injection. Liver and serum samples were collected 24 h later to evaluate the macro- and microscopic images, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels. Phenotypical change of non-parenchymal liver cells was also evaluated by flow cytometry. Liver localization of PKH26 after the injection of PKH26-labeled exosomes or MSCs was observed by microscope. Each result was statistically analyzed with Student's t test. RESULTS PKH was observed in the liver after PKH-labeled exosomes were injected into mouse, whereas it was only observed in the lung in a mouse group receiving PKH-leveled MSC. There were decreases in ALT, liver necrotic areas, and the extent of apoptosis indicated by the single-stranded DNA index of groups that received multiple injections of MSC-derived exosomes, but an increase in the Ki-67 index. The mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines was enhanced. The number of Treg was increased among NPCs in a group receiving exosomes multiple times. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of con-A-induced liver injury by injection of exosomes was observed as same extent as MSC. Considering the advantage of exosomes as its non-living nature and dosing adjustability over MSC, exosome will be one alternative of MSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tamura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Cui R, Rekasi H, Hepner-Schefczyk M, Fessmann K, Petri RM, Bruderek K, Brandau S, Jäger M, Flohé SB. Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells acquire immunostimulatory capacity upon cross-talk with natural killer cells and might improve the NK cell function of immunocompromised patients. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:88. [PMID: 27388156 PMCID: PMC4937587 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The suppressive effect of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) on diverse immune cells is well known, but it is unclear whether MSCs additionally possess immunostimulatory properties. We investigated the impact of human MSCs on the responsiveness of primary natural killer (NK) cells in terms of cytokine secretion. METHODS Human MSCs were generated from bone marrow and nasal mucosa. NK cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers or of immunocompromised patients after severe injury. NK cells were cultured with MSCs or with MSC-derived conditioned media in the absence or presence of IL-12 and IL-18. C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) 2, C-C chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, and the interferon (IFN)-γ receptor was blocked by specific inhibitors or antibodies. The synthesis of IFN-γ and CCL2 was determined. RESULTS In the absence of exogenous cytokines, trace amounts of NK cell-derived IFN-γ licensed MSCs for enhanced synthesis of CCL2. In turn, MSCs primed NK cells for increased release of IFN-γ in response to IL-12 and IL-18. Priming of NK cells by MSCs occurred in a cell-cell contact-independent manner and was impaired by inhibition of the CCR2, the receptor of CCL2, on NK cells. CD56(bright) NK cells expressed higher levels of CCR2 and were more sensitive to CCL2-mediated priming by MSCs and by recombinant CCR2 ligands than cytotoxic CD56(dim) NK cells. NK cells from severely injured patients were impaired in cytokine-induced IFN-γ synthesis. Co-culture with MSCs or with conditioned media from MSCs and MSC/NK cell co-cultures from healthy donors improved the IFN-γ production of the patients' NK cells in a CCR2-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS A positive feedback loop driven by NK cell-derived IFN-γ and MSC-derived CCL2 increases the inflammatory response of cytokine-stimulated NK cells not only from healthy donors but also from immunocompromised patients. Therapeutic application of MSCs or their soluble factors might thus improve the NK function after severe injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Cui
- />Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 171, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Rekasi
- />Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 171, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Monika Hepner-Schefczyk
- />Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 171, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kai Fessmann
- />Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 171, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Robert M. Petri
- />Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bruderek
- />Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- />Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Jäger
- />Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 171, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie B. Flohé
- />Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 171, D-45147 Essen, Germany
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