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Georgieva M, Xenodochidis C, Krasteva N. Old age as a risk factor for liver diseases: Modern therapeutic approaches. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112334. [PMID: 37977514 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent scientific interest has been directed towards age-related diseases, driven by the significant increase in global life expectancy and the growing population of individuals aged 65 and above. The ageing process encompasses various biological, physiological, environmental, psychological, behavioural, and social changes, leading to an augmented susceptibility to chronic illnesses. Cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, liver and oncological diseases are prevalent in the elderly. Moreover, ageing individuals demonstrate reduced regenerative capacity and decreased tolerance towards therapeutic interventions, including organ transplantation. Liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, have emerged as significant public health concerns. Paradoxically, these conditions remain underestimated despite their substantial global impact. Age-related factors are closely associated with the severity and unfavorable prognosis of various liver diseases, warranting further investigation to enhance clinical management and develop novel therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive review focuses specifically on age-related liver diseases, their treatment strategies, and contemporary practices. It provides a detailed account of the global burden, types, molecular mechanisms, and epigenetic alterations underlying these liver pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Georgieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Acad. Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Charilaos Xenodochidis
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Abdellateif MS, Zekri ARN. Stem cell therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and end-stage liver disease. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:35. [PMID: 37926787 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide, especially for patients who are suffering from end-stage liver disease (ESLD). The ESLD is considered a great challenge for clinicians due to the limited chance for liver transplantation, which is the only curative treatment for those patients. Stem cell-based therapy as a part of regenerative medicine represents a promising application for ESLD patients. Many clinical trials were performed to assess the utility of bone marrow-derived stem cells as a potential therapy for patients with liver diseases. The aim of the present study is to present and review the various types of stem cell-based therapy, including the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), BM-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs), CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and cancer stem cells.Though this type of therapy achieved promising results for the treatment of ESLD, however still there is a confounding data regarding its clinical application. A large body of evidence is highly required to evaluate the stem cell-based therapy after long-term follow-up, with respect to the incidence of toxicity, immunogenicity, and tumorigenesis that developed in many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S Abdellateif
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11976, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Rahman N Zekri
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, 11976, Egypt
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Zahmatkesh E, Khoshdel Rad N, Hossein-Khannazer N, Mohamadnejad M, Gramignoli R, Najimi M, Malekzadeh R, Hassan M, Vosough M. Cell and cell-derivative-based therapy for liver diseases: current approaches and future promises. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:237-249. [PMID: 36692130 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2172398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the recent updates from World Health Organization, liver diseases are the 12th most common cause of mortality. Currently, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the most effective and the only treatment for end-stage liver diseases. Owing to several shortcomings like finite numbers of healthy organ donors, lifelong immunosuppression, and complexity of the procedure, cell and cell-derivatives therapies have emerged as a potential therapeutic alternative for liver diseases. Various cell types and therapies have been proposed and their therapeutic effects evaluated in preclinical or clinical studies, including hepatocytes, hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from stem cells, human liver stem cells (HLSCs), combination therapies with various types of cells, organoids, and implantable cell-biomaterial constructs with synthetic and natural polymers or even decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM). AREAS COVERED In this review, we highlighted the current status of cell and cell-derivative-based therapies for liver diseases. Furthermore, we discussed future prospects of using HLCs, liver organoids, and their combination therapies. EXPERT OPINION Promising application of stem cell-based techniques including iPSC technology has been integrated into novel techniques such as gene editing, directed differentiation, and organoid technology. iPSCs offer promising prospects to represent novel therapeutic strategies and modeling liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohamadnejad
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fang X, Gao F, Yao Q, Xu H, Yu J, Cao H, Li S. Pooled Analysis of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Therapy for Liver Disease in Preclinical Models. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030441. [PMID: 36983624 PMCID: PMC10056150 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although increasing preclinical studies have emphasized the benefits of exosome-related therapies, the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) for liver injury is unclear. In this work, a pooled analysis was conducted to explore the overall effect of MSC-EV in animal models. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed, from initiation to February 2022, for preclinical studies with liver disease models. The treatment outcomes were evaluated based on liver function, histological analysis, and inflammatory cytokines. Results: After screening, 39 studies were included. Pooled analyses demonstrated that MSC-EV therapy significantly improved liver functions (ALB, ALT, AST, ALP, and γ-GT), promoted the repair of injured liver tissue (damaged area, Ishak’s score), reduced inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ), and increased an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) compared to the placebo control group. Subgroup analyses indicated that MSC-EV had therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis (n = 16), acute liver injury (n = 11), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 3), autoimmune hepatitis (n = 4), and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (n = 6). Additionally, the therapeutic effect of EV was comparable to that of MSCs. Conclusion: MSC-EV have therapeutic potential for acute and chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Fang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhoushan 316021, China
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 310003, China
| | - Feiqiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qigu Yao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haoying Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhoushan 316021, China
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 310003, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250117, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.L.); Fax: +86-571-87236459 (H.C.)
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhoushan 316021, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.L.); Fax: +86-571-87236459 (H.C.)
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Si Y, Xu P, Xu A, Wang P, Zhao K. Geriatric nutritional risk index as a prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following transarterial chemoembolization: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32322. [PMID: 36595771 PMCID: PMC9794247 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) has been shown to be associated with the prognosis of cancer patients except for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Our aim is to examine the association between the GNRI and long-term prognosis in patients with HCC who underwent TACE. Patients with HCC who underwent TACE were enrolled. The relationship between the patient characteristics and GNRI were compared, and the independent prognostic factors were investigated. Nomogram performance was assessed via the concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the net benefit of the nomogram. A total of 235 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the parameters of the high GNRI group, low GNRI was significantly associated with hypertension, ascites, body mass index, tumor size, anemia, Child-Turcotte-Pugh class. The univariate analysis demonstrated that overall survival (OS) was inferior when GNRI < 98, tumor size ≥ 5cm, vascular invasion, alpha-fetoprotein level ≥ 400, Barcelona clinical liver cancer stage B to C and TACE times < 3. The multivariate analysis revealed that GNRI < 98, tumor size ≥ 5cm, tumor number ≥ 2, alpha-fetoprotein level ≥ 400 and TACE times < 3 were independent predictors of a poor OS. In the validation step, OS was shown to be well calibrated (C-index = 0.724), and a satisfactory clinical utility was proven by DCA. Low GNRI score was associated with a shorter OS in patients undergoing TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjiao Si
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Aihua Xu
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Kaikai Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- * Correspondence: Kaikai Zhao, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China (e-mail: )
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Garbuzenko DV. Current strategies for targeted therapy of liver fibrosis. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-3-154-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) is an unfavorable event in the natural course of chronic liver diseases (CLD), therefore, early implementation and widespread use of antifibrotic therapy methods is a pressing issue in hepatology. The aim of the review was to describe current approaches to targeted therapy of LF.PubMed database, Google Scholar search engine, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, eLIBRARY.RU scientific electronic library, as well as reference lists of articles were used to search for scientific articles. The publications that corresponded to the aim of the study were selected for the period from 1998 to 2021 by the terms “liver fibrosis”, “pathogenesis”, and “treatment”. Inclusion criteria were restricted to targeted therapy of LF.Despite the growing evidence for reversibility of LF, there are currently no effective or clinically approved regimens for its specific therapy. However, taking into account the relevance of the issue, scientific research in this area is necessary. Multiple drugs with a good safety profile have been studied, which, though intended for other purposes, can have a positive effect on LF. In addition, a number of innovative approaches that differ from pharmacotherapy inspire optimism about finding a solution to this problem. It is obvious that studies focused on well-characterized groups of patients with confirmed histologic, elastography, clinical, and radiological parameters are required. This is a challenging task, since the key point will be stratification of risk based on ethnicity, etiology, and clinical status, and very large samples will be required for a reliable assessment. Nevertheless, the solution will increase efficiency of treatment for patients with CLD, improve their prognosis and quality of life, and significantly reduce the need for liver transplantation, a demand for which remains extremely high worldwide.
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Liver Regeneration by Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Have We Reached the End of the Road? Cells 2022; 11:cells11152312. [PMID: 35954155 PMCID: PMC9367594 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the organ with the highest regenerative capacity in the human body. However, various insults, including viral infections, alcohol or drug abuse, and metabolic overload, may cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis, leading to irreversible liver dysfunction. Despite advances in surgery and pharmacological treatments, liver diseases remain a leading cause of death worldwide. To address the shortage of donor liver organs for orthotopic liver transplantation, cell therapy in liver disease has emerged as a promising regenerative treatment. Sources include primary hepatocytes or functional hepatocytes generated from the reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Different types of stem cells have also been employed for transplantation to trigger regeneration, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as well as adult and fetal liver progenitor cells. HSCs, usually defined by the expression of CD34 and CD133, and MSCs, defined by the expression of CD105, CD73, and CD90, are attractive sources due to their autologous nature, ease of isolation and cryopreservation. The present review focuses on the use of bone marrow HSCs for liver regeneration, presenting evidence for an ongoing crosstalk between the hematopoietic and the hepatic system. This relationship commences during embryogenesis when the fetal liver emerges as the crossroads between the two systems converging the presence of different origins of cells (mesoderm and endoderm) in the same organ. Ample evidence indicates that the fetal liver supports the maturation and expansion of HSCs during development but also later on in life. Moreover, the fact that the adult liver remains one of the few sites for extramedullary hematopoiesis—albeit pathological—suggests that this relationship between the two systems is ongoing. Can, however, the hematopoietic system offer similar support to the liver? The majority of clinical studies using hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with liver disease report favourable observations. The underlying mechanism—whether paracrine, fusion or transdifferentiation or a combination of the three—remains to be confirmed.
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Sun X, Guo S. Effectiveness of cell- and colony stimulating factor-based therapy for liver cirrhosis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:516-525. [PMID: 35227600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cirrhosis is the 11th leading cause of death worldwide. Because of the limitations of liver transplantation, cell- and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-based therapies are considered potential treatment methods. This work analyzes the effectiveness of cell- and G-CSF-based therapies by network meta-analysis. METHODS A literature search was performed in four databases from inception to September 10, 2021. Registered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating cell-based therapies and/or G-CSF-based therapies for cirrhosis patients were included. Traditional and network meta-analyses were analyzed in terms of survival, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score, alanine aminotransferase levels and aspartate aminotransferase levels. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included in this analysis. The results showed that G-CSF-based therapies (odds ratio [OR], 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-3.79, P < 0.01) and cell-based therapies (OR, 1.54, 95% CI, 1.00-2.40, P = 0.048) improved the transplantation-free survival rate compared with standard medical treatment. Network analysis results showed that G-CSF combined with erythropoietin (EPO) and growth hormone (GH) had a therapeutic advantage, and cell-based therapy with mononuclear cell (MNC) hepatic artery injection and intravenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with G-CSF also had a relative advantage in terms of survival outcome. For the MELD score, G-CSF plus GH and MSC portal vein injection had relative advantages. G-CSF plus GH and G-CSF plus EPO had advantages in terms of CTP scores. The included strategies demonstrated no obvious improvement in liver injury indicators. CONCLUSIONS Cell-based therapy has potential therapeutic effects for liver cirrhosis. Among cell-based therapies, intravenous MSCs and hepatic artery injection of MNCs have advantageous therapeutic effects. The use of G-CSF was also noted in regimens that improved survival outcomes. However, more well-designed, large-scale RCTs are needed to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Sun
- Inpatients Department, Nanjing Qi-xia Xi-gang Community Health Service Centers, Nanjing, China
| | - Shilei Guo
- Research and Development Department, Nanjing Regenerative Medicine Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanjing, China.
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Jindal A, Jagdish RK, Kumar A. Hepatic Regeneration in Cirrhosis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:603-616. [PMID: 35535091 PMCID: PMC9077225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
End-stage liver disease is characterized by massive hepatocyte death resulting in clinical decompensation and organ failures. Clinical consequences in cirrhosis are the results of the loss of functional hepatocytes and excessive scarring. The only curative therapy in advanced cirrhosis is orthotropic liver transplantation, but the clinical demand outweighs the availability of acceptable donor organs. Moreover, this also necessitates lifelong immunosuppression and carries associated risks. The liver has a huge capability for regeneration. Self-replication of quiescent differentiated hepatocytes and cholangiocytes occurs in patients with acute liver injury. Due to limited hepatocyte self-renewal capacity in advanced cirrhosis, great interest has therefore been shown in characterizing the possible role of hepatic progenitor cells and bone marrow-derived stem cells to therapeutically aid this process. Transplantation of cells from various sources that can be properly differentiated into functional liver cells or use of growth factors for ex-vivo expansion of progenitor cells is needed at utmost priority. Multiple researches over the last two decades have aided researchers in refining proliferation, differentiation, and storage techniques and understand the functionality of these cells for use in clinical practice. However, these cell-based therapies are still experimental and have to be used in trial settings.
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Key Words
- Ang2, angiopoietin 2
- BM, Bone marrow
- BM-MNCs, bone marrow mononuclear cells
- BMSC, bone marrow stem cells
- DAMPs, Damage associated molecular patterns
- EPCs, endothelial progenitor cells
- ESRP2, epithelial splicing regulatory protein 2
- GCSF
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HPC, Hepatocyte progenitor cells
- HSCs, hematopoietic stem cells
- Hh, Hedgehog
- HybHP, hybrid periportal hepatocytes
- MMP, matrix metalloprotease
- MSCs, mesenchymal stromal cells
- OLT, Orthotropic liver transplantation
- PAMPs, Pathogen associated molecular patterns
- SAH, severe alcoholic hepatitis
- SDF1, stromal-derived factor 1
- TNFSF12, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12
- Terthigh, high Telomerase reverse transcriptase
- [Hnf4a], Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha
- [Mfsd2a], Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain containing 2A
- acute liver failure
- chronic liver diseases
- hepatocyte transplant
- liver regeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Jindal
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
| | | | - Anupam Kumar
- Department of Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
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Effect of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Conditioned Media on an LPS-Induced Mouse Model of Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031674. [PMID: 35163594 PMCID: PMC8836066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hPDMSCs)-derived conditioned media (CM) on a mouse model of preeclampsia (PE), a severe human pregnancy-related syndrome characterized by maternal hypertension, proteinuria, endothelial damage, inflammation, often associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR). At d11 of pregnancy, PE was induced in pregnant C57BL/6N mice by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenous injection. At d12, 300 μL of unconditioned media (control group) or 300 μL PDMSCs-CM (CM group) were injected. Maternal systolic blood pressure was measured from 9 to 18 days of pregnancy. Urine protein content were analyzed at days 12, 13, and 17 of pregnancy. At d19, mice were sacrificed. Number of fetuses, FGR, fetal reabsorption, and placental weight were evaluated. Placentae were analyzed for sFlt-1, IL-6, and TNF-α gene and protein expressions. No FGR and/or reabsorbed fetuses were delivered by PDMSCs-CM-treated PE mice, while five FGR fetuses were found in the control group accompanied by a lower placental weight. PDMSCs-CM injection significantly decreased maternal systolic blood pressure, proteinuria, sFlt-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in PE mice. Our data indicate that hPDMSCs-CM can reverse PE-like features during pregnancy, suggesting a therapeutic role for hPDMSCs for the treatment of preeclampsia.
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Adult Stem Cell Therapy as Regenerative Medicine for End-Stage Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1401:57-72. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Brennan PN, MacMillan M, Manship T, Moroni F, Glover A, Graham C, Semple S, Morris DM, Fraser AR, Pass C, McGowan NWA, Turner ML, Lachlan N, Dillon JF, Campbell JDM, Fallowfield JA, Forbes SJ. Study protocol: a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, phase 2, randomised controlled trial of autologous macrophage therapy for liver cirrhosis (MATCH). BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053190. [PMID: 34750149 PMCID: PMC8576470 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver cirrhosis is a growing global healthcare challenge. Cirrhosis is characterised by severe liver fibrosis, organ dysfunction and complications related to portal hypertension. There are no licensed antifibrotic or proregenerative medicines and liver transplantation is a scarce resource. Hepatic macrophages can promote both liver fibrogenesis and fibrosis regression. The safety and feasibility of peripheral infusion of ex vivo matured autologous monocyte-derived macrophages in patients with compensated cirrhosis has been demonstrated. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The efficacy of autologous macrophage therapy, compared with standard medical care, will be investigated in a cohort of adult patients with compensated cirrhosis in a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, phase 2, randomised controlled trial. The primary outcome is the change in Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score at 90 days. The trial will provide the first high-quality examination of the efficacy of autologous macrophage therapy in improving liver function, non-invasive fibrosis markers and other clinical outcomes in patients with compensated cirrhosis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial will be conducted according to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki 2013 and has been approved by Scotland A Research Ethics Committee (reference 15/SS/0121), National Health Service Lothian Research and Development department and the Medicine and Health Care Regulatory Agency-UK. Final results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at relevant conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS ISRCTN10368050 and EudraCT; reference 2015-000963-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Noel Brennan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark MacMillan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Alison Glover
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catriona Graham
- Deanery of Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Scott Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh Deanery of Clinical Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David M Morris
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh Deanery of Clinical Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Chloe Pass
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, SNBTS, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Marc L Turner
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, SNBTS, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil Lachlan
- Department of Gastroenterology, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Liver Group, University of Dundee Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Andrew Fallowfield
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh Deanery of Clinical Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
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Deng Y, Xia B, Chen Z, Wang F, Lv Y, Chen G. Stem Cell-based Therapy Strategy for Hepatic Fibrosis by Targeting Intrahepatic Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:77-93. [PMID: 34668120 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The whole liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage fibrosis. However, the lack of available donors, immune rejection and total cost of surgery remain as the key challenges in advancing liver fibrosis therapeutics. Due to the multi-differentiation and low immunogenicity of stem cells, treatment of liver fibrosis with stem cells has been considered as a valuable new therapeutic modality. The pathological progression of liver fibrosis is closely related to the changes in the activities of intrahepatic cells. Damaged hepatocytes, activated Kupffer cells and other inflammatory cells lead to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation, further promoting apoptosis of damaged hepatocytes, while stem cells can work on fibrosis-related intrahepatic cells through relevant transduction pathways. Herein, this article elucidates the phenomena and the mechanisms of the crosstalk between various types of stem cells and intrahepatic cells including HSCs and hepatocytes in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Then, the important influences of chemical compositions, mechanical properties and blood flow on liver fibrosis models with stem cell treatment are emphasized. Clinical trials on stem cell-based therapy for liver fibrosis are also briefly summarized. Finally, continuing challenges and future directions of stem cell-based therapy for hepatic fibrosis are discussed. In short, stem cells play an important advantage and have a great potential in treating liver fibrosis by interacting with intrahepatic cells. Clarifying how stem cells interact with intrahepatic cells to change the progression of liver fibrosis is of great significance for a deeper understanding of liver fibrosis mechanisms and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Deng
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xia
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuping Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobao Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Cell-Based Regeneration and Treatment of Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910276. [PMID: 34638617 PMCID: PMC8508969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver, in combination with a functional biliary system, is responsible for maintaining a great number of vital body functions. However, acute and chronic liver diseases may lead to irreversible liver damage and, ultimately, liver failure. At the moment, the best curative option for patients suffering from end-stage liver disease is liver transplantation. However, the number of donor livers required by far surpasses the supply, leading to a significant organ shortage. Cellular therapies play an increasing role in the restoration of organ function and can be integrated into organ transplantation protocols. Different types and sources of stem cells are considered for this purpose, but highly specific immune cells are also the focus of attention when developing individualized therapies. In-depth knowledge of the underlying mechanisms governing cell differentiation and engraftment is crucial for clinical implementation. Additionally, novel technologies such as ex vivo machine perfusion and recent developments in tissue engineering may hold promising potential for the implementation of cell-based therapies to restore proper organ function.
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15
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wang W, Guo Z, Yang F, Cai X, Xiong L. Current Progress in the Endogenous Repair of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration Based on Progenitor Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:629088. [PMID: 33553131 PMCID: PMC7862573 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.629088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration is one of the most common musculoskeletal disease. Current clinical treatment paradigms for IVD degeneration cannot completely restore the structural and biomechanical functions of the IVD. Bio-therapeutic techniques focused on progenitor/stem cells, especially IVD progenitor cells, provide promising options for the treatment of IVD degeneration. Endogenous repair is an important self-repair mechanism in IVD that can allow the IVD to maintain a long-term homeostasis. The progenitor cells within IVD play a significant role in IVD endogenous repair. Improving the adverse microenvironment in degenerative IVD and promoting progenitor cell migration might be important strategies for implementation of the modulation of endogenous repair of IVD. Here, we not only reviewed the research status of treatment of degenerative IVD based on IVD progenitor cells, but also emphasized the concept of endogenous repair of IVD and discussed the potential new research direction of IVD endogenous repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianyi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Hénon P, Lahlil R. CD34+ Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Cell therapy for advanced liver diseases: Repair or rebuild. J Hepatol 2021; 74:185-199. [PMID: 32976865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advanced liver disease presents a significant worldwide health and economic burden and accounts for 3.5% of global mortality. When liver disease progresses to organ failure the only effective treatment is liver transplantation, which necessitates lifelong immunosuppression and carries associated risks. Furthermore, the shortage of suitable donor organs means patients may die waiting for a suitable transplant organ. Cell therapies have made their way from animal studies to a small number of early clinical trials. Herein, we review the current state of cell therapies for liver disease and the mechanisms underpinning their actions (to repair liver tissue or rebuild functional parenchyma). We also discuss cellular therapies that are on the clinical horizon and challenges that must be overcome before routine clinical use is a possibility.
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18
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Kim K, Shin IS, Bang HJ, An S, Ha G, Kim HS, Bae KS. Can bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells change liver volume?: A case report. JGH OPEN 2020; 5:320-323. [PMID: 33553676 PMCID: PMC7857290 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have described the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). However, in the majority, biochemical tests, clinical features, and pathologic results were used rather than radiologic tests to compare treatment outcomes. A 57‐year‐old male visited a stem cell clinic with a diagnosis of LC attributed to hepatitis B virus. This patient took tenofovir and diuretics at the initial presentation and was administered bone marrow‐derived MSCs twice via hepatic intra‐arterial infusion. Subsequently, the patient's clinical symptoms and biochemical tests (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, total bilirubin, international normalized ratio, creatinine, alpha‐fetoprotein) improved. Computed tomography findings showed loss of ascites, reduced nodularity, and especially increased liver volume, which suggested that MSCs have meaningful effects on liver volume, as well as improving liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangmin Kim
- Department of Surgery Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Wonju South Korea.,Trauma Center Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Wonju South Korea.,Wonju Severance Surgical Research Group Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Wonju South Korea
| | - In Sik Shin
- Department of Surgery Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Wonju South Korea.,Wonju Severance Surgical Research Group Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Wonju South Korea
| | - Hui-Jae Bang
- Department of Surgery Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Wonju South Korea.,Wonju Severance Surgical Research Group Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Wonju South Korea
| | - Sanghyun An
- Department of Surgery Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Wonju South Korea.,Wonju Severance Surgical Research Group Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Wonju South Korea
| | - Gaesung Ha
- Department of Surgery Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Wonju South Korea.,Wonju Severance Surgical Research Group Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Wonju South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Pharmicell Co., Ltd. Sungnam South Korea.,Kim's Stem Cell Clinic Seoul South Korea
| | - Keum Seok Bae
- Department of Surgery Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Wonju South Korea.,Trauma Center Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Wonju South Korea
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19
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Zhou GP, Jiang YZ, Sun LY, Zhu ZJ. Therapeutic effect and safety of stem cell therapy for chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:419. [PMID: 32977828 PMCID: PMC7519526 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell therapy is becoming an emerging therapeutic option for chronic liver disease (CLD). However, whether stem cell therapy is more effective than conventional treatment remains questionable. We performed a large-scale meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of stem cell therapy for CLD. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for the period from inception through March 16, 2020. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and adverse events related to stem cell therapy. Secondary outcomes included the model for end-stage liver disease score, total bilirubin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin activity, and international normalized ratio. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Results Twenty-four RCTs were included and the majority of these studies showed a high risk of bias. The meta-analysis indicated that compared with conventional treatment, stem cell therapy was associated with improved survival and liver function including the model of end-stage liver disease score, total bilirubin, and albumin levels. However, it had no obvious beneficial effects on alanine aminotransferase level, prothrombin activity, and international normalized ratio. Subgroup analyses showed stem cell therapy conferred a short-term survival benefit for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), a single injection was more effective than multiple injections, hepatic arterial infusion was more effective than intravenous infusion, and bone marrow-derived stem cells were more effective than those derived from the umbilical cord. Thirteen trials reported adverse events related to stem cell therapy, but no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions Stem cell therapy is a safe and effective therapeutic option for CLD, while patients with ACLF benefit the most in terms of improved short-term survival. A single injection administration of bone marrow-derived stem cells via the hepatic artery has superior therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Peng Zhou
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.,Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.,Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.,Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.,Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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20
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Eissa M, Elarabany N, Hyder A. In vitro efficacy of liver microenvironment in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:341-348. [PMID: 32270392 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) represent an interesting alternative to liver or hepatocyte transplantation to treat liver injuries. Many studies have reported that MSCs can treat several diseases, including liver damage, just by injection into the bloodstream, without evidence of differentiation. The improvements were attributed to the organotrophic factors, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects of MSCs, rather than their differentiation. The aim of the present study was to answer the question of whether the presence of BM-MSCs in the hepatic microenvironment will lead to their differentiation to functional hepatocyte-like cells. The hepatic microenvironment was mimicked in vitro by culture for 21 d with liver extract. The resulted cells expressed marker genes of the hepatic lineage including AFP, CK18, and Hnf4a. Functionally, they were able to detoxify ammonia into urea, to store glycogen as observed by PAS staining, and to synthesize glucose from pyruvate/lactate mixture. Phenotypically, the expression of MSC surface markers CD90 and CD105 decreased by differentiation. This evidenced differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells was accompanied by a downregulation of the stem cell marker genes sox2 and Nanog and the cell cycle regulatory genes ANAPC2, CDC2, Cyclin A1, and ABL1. The present results suggest a clear differentiation of BM-MSCs into functional hepatocyte-like cells by the extracted liver microenvironment. This differentiation is confirmed by a decrease in the stemness and mitotic activities. Tracking transplanted BM-MSCs and proving their in vivo differentiation remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Eissa
- Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Elarabany
- Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Ayman Hyder
- Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt.
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21
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Tao YC, Chen EQ. Clinical application of stem cell in patients with end-stage liver disease: progress and challenges. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:564. [PMID: 32775365 PMCID: PMC7347777 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
End-stage liver disease (ESLD) is life-threatening disease worldwide, and patients with ESLD should be referred to liver transplantation (LT). However, the use of LT is limited by the lacking liver source, high cost and organ rejection. Thus, other alternative options have been explored. Stem cell therapy may be a potential alternative for ESLD treatment. With the potential of self-renewal and differentiation, both hepatic and extrahepatic stem cells have attracted a lot of attention. Among them, multipotent stem cells are most widely studies owing to their characteristics. Multipotent stem cells mainly consist of two subpopulations: hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Accumulating evidences have proved that either bone marrow (BM)-derived HSCs mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or MSCs transplantation can improve the biochemical indicators of patients with ESLD. However, there are some challenges to be resolved before stem cells widely used in clinic, including the best stem cell source, the optimal route for stem cells transplantation, and the dose and frequency of stem cell injected. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential of stem cell in liver diseases, particularly, the clinical progress and challenges of multipotent stem cells in the field of ESLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chao Tao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - En-Qiang Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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22
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da Silva Morais A, Vieira S, Zhao X, Mao Z, Gao C, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Advanced Biomaterials and Processing Methods for Liver Regeneration: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901435. [PMID: 31977159 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases contribute markedly to the global burden of mortality and disease. The limited organ disposal for orthotopic liver transplantation results in a continuing need for alternative strategies. Over the past years, important progress has been made in the field of tissue engineering (TE). Many of the early trials to improve the development of an engineered tissue construct are based on seeding cells onto biomaterial scaffolds. Nowadays, several TE approaches have been developed and are applied to one vital organ: the liver. Essential elements must be considered in liver TE-cells and culturing systems, bioactive agents or growth factors (GF), and biomaterials and processing methods. The potential of hepatocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and others as cell sources is demonstrated. They need engineered biomaterial-based scaffolds with perfect biocompatibility and bioactivity to support cell proliferation and hepatic differentiation as well as allowing extracellular matrix deposition and vascularization. Moreover, they require a microenvironment provided using conventional or advanced processing technologies in order to supply oxygen, nutrients, and GF. Herein the biomaterials and the conventional and advanced processing technologies, including cell-sheets process, 3D bioprinting, and microfluidic systems, as well as the future trends in these major fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain da Silva Morais
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
| | - Sílvia Vieira
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
| | - Xinlian Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineUniversity of Minho 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineUniversity of Minho 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
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23
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Wang J, Sun M, Liu W, Li Y, Li M. Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Liver Diseases: An Overview and Update. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:107-118. [PMID: 30989038 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver disease is one of the top causes of death globally. Although liver transplantation is a very effective treatment strategy, the shortage of available donor organs, waiting list mortality, and high costs of surgery remain huge problems. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. Scientists are exploring the possibilities of generating hepatocytes from stem cells as an alternative for the treatment of liver diseases. METHODS In this review, we summarized the updated researches in the field of stem cell-based therapies for liver diseases as well as the current challenges and future expectations for a successful cell-based liver therapy. RESULTS Several cell types have been investigated for liver regeneration, such as embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, liver stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that stem cells are promising cell sources for the liver regeneration. CONCLUSION Stem cell-based therapy could be a promising therapeutic method for patients with end-stage liver disease, which may alleviate the need for liver transplantation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Medical Examination College, Jilin Medical University, No. 5 Jilin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 132013 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Medical Examination College, Jilin Medical University, No. 5 Jilin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 132013 China
| | - Yan Li
- Medical Examination College, Jilin Medical University, No. 5 Jilin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 132013 China
| | - Miao Li
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033 China
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24
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McNeill B, Ostojic A, Rayner KJ, Ruel M, Suuronen EJ. Collagen biomaterial stimulates the production of extracellular vesicles containing microRNA-21 and enhances the proangiogenic function of CD34 + cells. FASEB J 2018; 33:4166-4177. [PMID: 30526047 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801332r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CD34+ cells are promising for revascularization therapy, but their clinical use is limited by low cell counts, poor engraftment, and reduced function after transplantation. In this study, a collagen type I biomaterial was used to expand and enhance the function of human peripheral blood CD34+ cells, and potential underlying mechanisms were examined. Compared to the fibronectin control substrate, biomaterial-cultured CD34+ cells from healthy donors had enhanced proliferation, migration toward VEGF, angiogenic potential, and increased secretion of CD63+CD81+ extracellular vesicles (EVs). In the biomaterial-derived EVs, greater levels of the angiogenic microRNAs (miRs), miR-21 and -210, were detected. Notably, biomaterial-cultured CD34+ cells had reduced mRNA and protein levels of Sprouty (Spry)1, which is an miR-21 target and negative regulator of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Similar to the results of healthy donor cells, biomaterial culture increased miR-21 and -210 expression in CD34+ cells from patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery, which also exhibited improved VEGF-mediated migration and angiogenic capacity. Therefore, collagen biomaterial culture may be useful for expanding the number and enhancing the function of CD34+ cells in patients, possibly mediated through suppression of Spry1 activity by EV-derived miR-21. These results may provide a strategy to enhance the therapeutic potency of CD34+ cells for vascular regeneration.-McNeill, B., Ostojic, A., Rayner, K. J., Ruel, M., Suuronen, E. J. Collagen biomaterial stimulates the production of extracellular vesicles containing microRNA-21 and enhances the proangiogenic function of CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian McNeill
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Ostojic
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Atherosclerosis, Genomics, and Cell Biology Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Preoperative nutrition and postoperative liver function: a correlation study of pediatric living donor liver transplantation. FRONTIERS OF NURSING 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/fon-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
There is little information focusing on the nutritional issue of pediatric recipients before they receive living donor liver transplantation. This study illustrates the relationship between nutritional status and graft liver function and provides a reference regarding nutritional interventions in future studies.
Methods
We prospectively collected data from 30 pediatric living donor liver transplant recipients from January 1, 2016, to June 30, 2016. The information included demographic data, preoperative nutritional assessment, and postoperative laboratory examinations. The nutritional assessment included the serum concentration of vitamin D, bone density, trace element, and weight Z value. The laboratory examinations included white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, hemoglobin, blood platelet, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, creatinine, bile acid, blood glucose (Glu), prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, tacrolimus concentration, and graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR). The data were collected on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 30, and 60 after liver transplantation.
Results
The recipients consisted of 15 (50%) males and 15 (50%) females. The median age was 7 months (4–48 months). The mean height and weight were 69.07±9.98 cm and 8.09±2.63 kg, respectively. According to the univariate analysis, the gender, diagnosis, blood type, and GRWR did not significantly impact the liver function after the operation. The posttransplantation AST levels and Glu showed significant differences in terms of the nutritional status, with P<0.05. The multivariate correlation analysis showed that the serum concentrations of vitamin D and AST were midrange positively correlated, with P<0.05.
Conclusions
The nutritional status of patients with biliary atresia is relatively poor. There is a definite midrange positive correlation between nutrition and graft liver function that might play a relatively important role in the recovery of the graft.
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Oliveira Miranda C, Marcelo A, Silva TP, Barata J, Vasconcelos-Ferreira A, Pereira D, Nóbrega C, Duarte S, Barros I, Alves J, Sereno J, Petrella LI, Castelhano J, Paiva VH, Rodrigues-Santos P, Alves V, Nunes-Correia I, Nobre RJ, Gomes C, Castelo-Branco M, Pereira de Almeida L. Repeated Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Treatment Sustainably Alleviates Machado-Joseph Disease. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2131-2151. [PMID: 30087083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, the most common dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) worldwide, is caused by over-repetition of a CAG repeat in the ATXN3/MJD1 gene, which translates into a polyglutamine tract within the ataxin-3 protein. There is no treatment for this fatal disorder. Despite evidence of the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in delaying SCA disease progression in exploratory clinical trials, unanticipated regression of patients to the status prior to treatment makes the investigation of causes and solutions urgent and imperative. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of a single intracranial injection with repeated systemic MSC administration in alleviating the MJD phenotype of two strongly severe genetic rodent models. We found that a single MSC transplantation only produces transient effects, whereas periodic administration promotes sustained motor behavior and neuropathology alleviation, suggesting that MSC therapies should be re-designed to get sustained beneficial results in clinical practice. Furthermore, MSC promoted neuroprotection, increased the levels of GABA and glutamate, and decreased the levels of Myo-inositol, which correlated with motor improvements, indicating that these metabolites may serve as valid neurospectroscopic biomarkers of disease and treatment. This study makes important contributions to the design of new clinical approaches for MJD and other SCAs/polyglutamine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Oliveira Miranda
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Marcelo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pereira Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Barata
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Vasconcelos-Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Doctoral Programme of Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dina Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, CNC - University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Barros
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Alves
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Sereno
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Edifício do ICNAS, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Nuclear Science Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lorena Itatí Petrella
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Edifício do ICNAS, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Nuclear Science Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Castelhano
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Edifício do ICNAS, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Nuclear Science Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vitor Hugo Paiva
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Immunology and Oncology Laboratory, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Portugal; Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Apartado 9015, 3001-301, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vera Alves
- Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Immunology and Oncology Laboratory, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Portugal; Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Apartado 9015, 3001-301, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Nunes-Correia
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Jorge Nobre
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Edifício do ICNAS, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Nuclear Science Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Zhai R, Wang Y, Qi L, Williams GM, Gao B, Song G, Burdick JF, Sun Z. Pharmacological Mobilization of Endogenous Bone Marrow Stem Cells Promotes Liver Regeneration after Extensive Liver Resection in Rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3587. [PMID: 29483616 PMCID: PMC5827664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid regeneration of the remnant liver is critical for preventing liver failure and promoting recovery after extensive liver resection. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of bone marrow-derived stem cells in liver regeneration and the potential benefits of bone marrow stem cell therapy. To avoid the preparation of stem cells, we proposed in this study to mobilize endogenous bone marrow stem cells pharmacologically with a combination of AMD3100 (A), an antagonist of CXCR4 and low-dose FK506 (F). Here we show that AF combination therapy significantly increased lineage negative (Lin-) CD34+ and Lin-CD133+ stem cells in peripheral blood and enhanced recruitment of CD133+ cells into the remnant liver in a rat model of 85% partial hepatectomy. Recruiting CD133+ stem cells in the remnant liver was associated with increased proliferation of hepatic oval cells and paralleled the increased SDF-1, CXCR4 and HGF expression. Importantly, AF combination therapy increased the number of Ki67 positive hepatocytes and BrdU incorporation in the remnant liver and improved serum levels of albumin. Our results demonstrate that pharmacological mobilization of endogenous bone marrow stem cells with AF combination therapy can enhance endogenous stem cell mobilization to promote liver regeneration and improve liver function after extensive hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujun Zhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital and Tianjin Medical University Graduate School, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Le Qi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, NIAAA/NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Guang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James F Burdick
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Current Perspectives Regarding Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:4197857. [PMID: 29670867 PMCID: PMC5833156 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4197857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality and a common end of various progressive liver diseases. Since the effective treatment is currently limited to liver transplantation, stem cell-based therapy as an alternative has attracted interest due to promising results from preclinical and clinical studies. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the precise mechanisms of action. A number of stem cells from different origins have been employed for hepatic regeneration with different degrees of success. The present review presents a synopsis of stem cell research for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis according to the stem cell type. Clinical trials to date are summarized briefly. Finally, issues to be resolved and future perspectives are discussed with regard to clinical applications.
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29
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Effect of Preoperative Growth Status on Clinical Outcomes After Living-Donor Liver Transplantation in Infants. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:1848-1854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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Clinical Application of Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Alternative Cell-Based Therapy for Treating Liver Diseases? Transplantation 2017; 100:2548-2557. [PMID: 27495745 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide shortage of donor livers for organ and hepatocyte transplantation has prompted the search for alternative therapies for intractable liver diseases. Cell-based therapy is envisaged as a useful therapeutic option to recover and stabilize the lost metabolic function for acute liver failure, end-stage and congenital liver diseases, or for those patients who are not considered eligible for organ transplantation. In recent years, research to identify alternative and reliable cell sources for transplantation that can be derived by reproducible methods has been encouraged. Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which comprise both embryonic and induced PSCs, may offer many advantages as an alternative to hepatocytes for liver cell therapy. Their capacity for expansion, hepatic differentiation and self-renewal make them a promising source of unlimited numbers of hepatocyte-like cells for treating and repairing damaged livers. Immunogenicity and tumorigenicity of human PSCs remain the bottleneck for successful clinical application. However, recent advances made to develop disease-corrected hepatocyte-like cells from patients' human-induced PSCs by gene editing have opened up many potential gateways for the autologous treatment of hereditary liver diseases, which may likely reduce the risk of rejection and the need for lifelong immunosuppression. Well-defined methods to reduce the expression of oncogenic genes in induced PSCs, including protocols for their complete and safe hepatic differentiation, should be established to minimize the tumorigenicity of transplanted cells. On top of this, such new strategies are currently being rigorously tested and validated in preclinical studies before they can be safely transferred to clinical practice with patients.
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31
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Li XC, Tang Y, Wu JH, Yang PS, Wang DL, Ruan DK. Characteristics and potentials of stem cells derived from human degenerated nucleus pulposus: potential for regeneration of the intervertebral disc. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:242. [PMID: 28583105 PMCID: PMC5460486 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eliminating the symptoms during treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is only a temporary solution that does not cure the underlying cause. A biological method to treat this disorder may be possible by the newly discovered nucleus pulposus derived stem cells (NPDCs). However, the uncertain characteristics and potential of NPDCs calls for a comprehensive study. METHODS In the present study, nucleus pulposus samples were obtained from 5 patients with IVDD undergoing discectomy procedure and NPDCs were harvested using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) by the co-expression of GD2+ and Tie2+. After in vitro expansion, the properties of NPDCs were compared with those of bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells (BMSCs) from the same subjects. RESULTS NPDCs performed similar properties in cell colony-forming ability, cell proliferation rate, cell cycle and stem cell gene expression similar to those of BMSCs. In addition, NPDCs could be differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, and are found to be superior in chondrogenesis but inferior in adipocyte differentiation. CONCLUSIONS NPDCs derived from the degenerated intervertebral disc still keep the regeneration ability similar to BMSCs. Besides, the superior capacity in chondrogenesis may provide a promising cell candidate for cell-based regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou people’s Hospital, No 89, Xi-Guan Road, Guangdong Guangzhou, 525200 China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Jian-Hong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Pu-Shan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - De-Li Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Di-Ke Ruan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
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Therapeutic Effect and Location of GFP-Labeled Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1798260. [PMID: 28491093 PMCID: PMC5405597 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1798260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Liver fibrosis is a chronic progressive liver disease, but no established effective treatment exists except for liver transplantation. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) on carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced liver fibrosis in rats. Methods. Liver fibrosis was induced by subcutaneous injection with CCl4; hPMSCs were directly transplanted into rats through the caudal vein. The therapeutic efficacy of hPMSCs on liver fibrosis was measured by liver function tests, liver elastography, histopathology, Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining, and immunohistochemical studies. The expression levels of fibrotic markers, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. We demonstrated that liver fibrosis was significantly dampened in the hPMSC transplantation group according to the Laennec fibrosis scoring system and histological data. The Sirius red-stained collagen area and the elastography score were significantly reduced in the hPMSC-treated group. Meanwhile, hPMSC administration significantly decreased TGF-β1 and α-SMA expression and enhanced liver functions in CCl4-induced fibrotic rats. Conclusion. This study indicates that transplantation of hPMSCs could repair liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats, which may serve as a valuable therapeutic approach to treat liver diseases.
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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor improves survival of patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a randomized-controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29:448-455. [PMID: 27930386 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is the only curative option for patients with decompensated cirrhosis; however, many patients die while awaiting transplantation. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) has shown promising results in improving outcomes in patients with advanced liver disease. We evaluated the efficacy of GCSF in patients with decompensated cirrhosis in an open-labeled randomized-controlled trial. METHODS Consecutive patients with decompensated cirrhosis were randomized to receive either GCSF 300 μg twice daily for 5 days plus standard medical therapy (SMT) (GCSF+SMT group) or SMT alone (SMT alone group). Outcomes were assessed at 6 months from randomization. RESULTS A total of 126 patients [median age: 53 (range: 31-76) years, 85% men] received GCSF+SMT and 127 patients received SMT alone. Baseline characteristics were similar in both the groups. The 5-day GCSF therapy did not lead to any significant adverse effects. At 6 months, in the GCSF+SMT group, 17 patients had died and nine were lost to follow-up, whereas in the SMT-alone group, 30 patients had died and 11 were lost to follow-up. By intention-to-treat analysis, cumulative survival was significantly higher in the GCSF+SMT group (79 vs. 68%; P=0.025). Also, significantly more patients (66%) showed improvement or stability in the Child-Turcotte-Pugh score at 6 months in the GCSF+SMT group compared with the SMT-alone group (51%, P=0.021). CONCLUSION GCSF therapy improves survival and clinical outcome in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. It may be useful in patients awaiting transplantation to prevent worsening during the waiting period. Further studies are needed to explore whether repeated periodic GCSF courses can further increase the survival and decrease the need for liver transplantation.Clinical trial registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov vide NCT02642003.
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CÉLULAS MADRE: FUNDAMENTOS Y REVISIÓN DE LA EXPERIENCIA CLÍNICA EN ENFERMEDADES HEPÁTICAS. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Cellular Mechanisms of Liver Regeneration and Cell-Based Therapies of Liver Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8910821. [PMID: 28210629 PMCID: PMC5292184 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8910821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of regenerative medicine offers innovative methods of cell therapy and tissue/organ engineering as a novel approach to liver disease treatment. The ultimate scientific foundation of both cell therapy of liver diseases and liver tissue and organ engineering is delivered by the in-depth studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration. The cellular mechanisms of the homeostatic and injury-induced liver regeneration are unique. Restoration of the mass of liver parenchyma is achieved by compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the differentiated parenchymal cells, hepatocytes, while expansion and differentiation of the resident stem/progenitor cells play a minor or negligible role. Participation of blood-borne cells of the bone marrow origin in liver parenchyma regeneration has been proven but does not exceed 1-2% of newly formed hepatocytes. Liver regeneration is activated spontaneously after injury and can be further stimulated by cell therapy with hepatocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, or mesenchymal stem cells. Further studies aimed at improving the outcomes of cell therapy of liver diseases are underway. In case of liver failure, transplantation of engineered liver can become the best option in the foreseeable future. Engineering of a transplantable liver or its major part is an enormous challenge, but rapid progress in induced pluripotency, tissue engineering, and bioprinting research shows that it may be doable.
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Molecular Imaging of Stem Cell Transplantation for Liver Diseases: Monitoring, Clinical Translation, and Theranostics. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4058656. [PMID: 28070195 PMCID: PMC5192340 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4058656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has been investigated to rescue experimental liver failure and is promising to offer an alternative therapy to liver transplantation for liver diseases treatment. Several clinical studies in this field have been carried out, but the therapeutic benefit of this treatment is still controversial. A major obstacle to developing stem cell therapies in clinic is being able to visualize the cells in vivo. Imaging modalities allow optimization of delivery, detecting cell survival and functionality by in vivo monitoring these transplanted graft cells. Moreover, theranostic imaging is a brand new field that utilizes nanometer-scale materials to glean diagnostic insight for simultaneous treatment, which is very promising to improve stem cell-based therapy for treatment of liver diseases. The aim of this review was to summarize the various imaging tools that have been explored with advanced molecular imaging probes. We also outline some recent progress of preclinical and clinical studies of liver stem cells transplantation. Finally, we discuss theranostic imaging for stem cells transplantation for liver dysfunction and future opportunities afforded by theranostic imaging.
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Stem/Progenitor Cell Niches Involved in Hepatic and Biliary Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3658013. [PMID: 26880956 PMCID: PMC4737003 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3658013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Niches containing stem/progenitor cells are present in different anatomical locations along the human biliary tree and within liver acini. The most primitive stem/progenitors, biliary tree stem/progenitor cells (BTSCs), reside within peribiliary glands located throughout large extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts. BTSCs are multipotent and can differentiate towards hepatic and pancreatic cell fates. These niches' matrix chemistry and other characteristics are undefined. Canals of Hering (bile ductules) are found periportally and contain hepatic stem/progenitor cells (HpSCs), participating in the renewal of small intrahepatic bile ducts and being precursors to hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. The niches also contain precursors to hepatic stellate cells and endothelia, macrophages, and have a matrix chemistry rich in hyaluronans, minimally sulfated proteoglycans, fetal collagens, and laminin. The microenvironment furnishes key signals driving HpSC activation and differentiation. Newly discovered third niches are pericentral within hepatic acini, contain Axin2+ unipotent hepatocytic progenitors linked on their lateral borders to endothelia forming the central vein, and contribute to normal turnover of mature hepatocytes. Their relationship to the other stem/progenitors is undefined. Stem/progenitor niches have important implications in regenerative medicine for the liver and biliary tree and in pathogenic processes leading to diseases of these tissues.
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Yarygin KN, Lupatov AY, Kholodenko IV. Cell-based therapies of liver diseases: age-related challenges. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:1909-24. [PMID: 26664104 PMCID: PMC4671765 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s97926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this review is to revise recent advances of the cell-based therapies of liver diseases with an emphasis on cell donor's and patient's age. Regenerative medicine with cell-based technologies as its integral part is focused on the structural and functional restoration of tissues impaired by sickness or aging. Unlike drug-based medicine directed primarily at alleviation of symptoms, regenerative medicine offers a more holistic approach to disease and senescence management aimed to achieve restoration of homeostasis. Hepatocyte transplantation and organ engineering are very probable forthcoming options of liver disease treatment in people of different ages and vigorous research and technological innovations in this area are in progress. Accordingly, availability of sufficient amounts of functional human hepatocytes is crucial. Direct isolation of autologous hepatocytes from liver biopsy is problematic due to related discomfort and difficulties with further expansion of cells, particularly those derived from aging people. Allogeneic primary human hepatocytes meeting quality standards are also in short supply. Alternatively, autologous hepatocytes can be produced by reprogramming of differentiated cells through the stage of induced pluripotent stem cells. In addition, fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells can be directly induced to undergo advanced stage hepatogenic differentiation. Reprogramming of cells derived from elderly people is accompanied by the reversal of age-associated changes at the cellular level manifesting itself by telomere elongation and the U-turn of DNA methylation. Cell reprogramming can provide high quality rejuvenated hepatocytes for cell therapy and liver tissue engineering. Further technological advancements and establishment of national and global registries of induced pluripotent stem cell lines homozygous for HLA haplotypes can allow industry-style production of livers for immunosuppression-free transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexei Y Lupatov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Kholodenko
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Kyventidis A, Tzimagiorgis G, Didangelos T. Peripheral blood monocytes can differentiate into efficient insulin-producing cells in vitro. Hippokratia 2015; 19:344-351. [PMID: 27688700 PMCID: PMC5033146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies provide evidence that peripheral blood monocytes have the ability to differentiate into mesenchymal-like cells. The ability of cultured monocytes to differentiate and produce insulin in vitro is analysed in the present study. METHODS Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from healthy donors and cultivated for fourteen days. Growth factors and liraglutide were used to induce pancreatic differentiation in most of the cultures. The growth factors were: monocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3, hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor. The rest of the cultures were cultivated only with nutrient medium and human serum. Insulin levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular morphology was observed using optical and electron microscopy. Cell membrane receptors were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS Monocytes were able to synthesize and excrete high levels of insulin after seven days in culture. A further increase in the excretion of insulin was observed after fourteen days. Cells were also able to differentiate and synthesize insulin, even if no growth factors were added to the culture medium. Some of the cultures were able to excrete insulin in a glucose-dependent manner. Differentiated monocytes were connected to neighbouring cells with axons and resembled the morphology of mesenchymal, dendritic and myeloid-progenitor cells. Cells retained their mature receptors and simultaneously developed immature receptors on their membrane. CONCLUSIONS Monocytes can acquire morphological properties of multipotent cells when they are cultivated under specific conditions in vitro. Differentiated monocytes are able to synthesize and excrete insulin. Hippokratia 2015; 19 (4): 344-351.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kyventidis
- 1 Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T Didangelos
- 1 Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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