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Kirmanidou Y, Chatzinikolaidou M, Michalakis K, Tsouknidas A. Clinical translation of polycaprolactone-based tissue engineering scaffolds, fabricated via additive manufacturing: A review of their craniofacial applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 162:213902. [PMID: 38823255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The craniofacial region is characterized by its intricate bony anatomy and exposure to heightened functional forces presenting a unique challenge for reconstruction. Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the creation of customized scaffolds with interconnected pores and biomimetic microarchitecture, offering precise adaptation to various craniofacial defects. Within this domain, medical-grade poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) has been extensively used for the fabrication of 3D printed scaffolds, specifically tailored for bone regeneration. Its adoption for load-bearing applications was driven mainly by its mechanical properties, adjustable biodegradation rates, and high biocompatibility. The present review aims to consolidating current insights into the clinical translation of PCL-based constructs designed for bone regeneration. It encompasses recent advances in enhancing the mechanical properties and augmenting biodegradation rates of PCL and PCL-based composite scaffolds. Moreover, it delves into various strategies improving cell proliferation and the osteogenic potential of PCL-based materials. These strategies provide insight into the refinement of scaffold microarchitecture, composition, and surface treatments or coatings, that include certain bioactive molecules such as growth factors, proteins, and ceramic nanoparticles. The review critically examines published data on the clinical applications of PCL scaffolds in both extraoral and intraoral craniofacial reconstructions. These applications include cranioplasty, nasal and orbital floor reconstruction, maxillofacial reconstruction, and intraoral bone regeneration. Patient demographics, surgical procedures, follow-up periods, complications and failures are thoroughly discussed. Although results from extraoral applications in the craniofacial region are encouraging, intraoral applications present a high frequency of complications and related failures. Moving forward, future studies should prioritize refining the clinical performance, particularly in the domain of intraoral applications, and providing comprehensive data on the long-term outcomes of PCL-based scaffolds in bone regeneration. Future perspective and limitations regarding the transition of such constructs from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kirmanidou
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Computational Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, University Campus ZEP, 50100 Kozani, Greece
| | - M Chatzinikolaidou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FO.R.T.H), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - K Michalakis
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Sciences & Biomaterials, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston MA-02111, USA; Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Tsouknidas
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Computational Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, University Campus ZEP, 50100 Kozani, Greece; Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Sciences & Biomaterials, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston MA-02111, USA.
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Saeed NM, Ramadan LA, El-Sabbagh WA, Said MA, Abdel-Rahman HM, Mekky RH. Exploring the anti-osteoporosis potential of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss extract employing experimentally ovariectomized rat model and network pharmacology approach. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105971. [PMID: 38663562 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
One of the most prevalent secondary osteoporosis is ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) has potent estrogenic and antioxidant properties and was used traditionally in the treatment of amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. The present study aimed to characterize parsley leaf extract (PLE) employing RP-HPLC-MS-MS/MS-based method and possible protective effect in ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in rats was assessed. Rats were randomly assigned into SHAM group, OVX group, PLE + OVX group (150 mg/kg/day, p.o), and estradiol benzoate (E2) + OVX group (30 μg/kg/day, s.c). After eight weeks following ovariectomy, biomarkers of bone strength, bone resorption, oxidative stress and histopathology were carried out. A network pharmacology approach investigated the key targets and potential mechanisms by of PLE metabolites against osteoporosis using databases: PubChem, BindingDB server, DisGeNET, ShinyGO, and KEGG Pathway. Moreover, FunRich 3.1.3, Cytoscape 3.10.0, and MOE 2019.0102 softwares were used for network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking studies. Flavones and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were predominant among 38 metabolites in PLE. It significantly restored bone strength and bone resorption biomarkers, osteocalcin (OST), oxidative stress biomarkers and histopathological alterations. The employed network pharmacology approach revealed that 14 primary target genes were associated with decreasing the severity of osteoporosis. Molecular docking revealed that cGMP-PKG signaling pathway has the highest fold enrichment and its downstream PDE5A. Luteolin, diosmetin, and isorhamnetin derivatives affected mostly osteoporosis targets. PLE exhibited protective action against ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats and may be a promising therapy for premenopausal bone loss. cGMP-PKG signaling pathway could be a promising target for PLE in treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Saeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo-Suez Road, 11829 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Laila A Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo-Suez Road, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El-Sabbagh
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), 11787 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Reham Hassan Mekky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo-Suez Road, 11829, Cairo, Egypt..
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Yang H, Li C, Che M, Liang J, Tian X, Yang G, Sun C. HDAC11 deficiency resists obesity by converting adipose-derived stem cells into brown adipocyte-like cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128852. [PMID: 38110164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, with complications such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and even cancer, is rampant worldwide. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been extensively studied as key players in the epigenetic regulation of cellular metabolism. However, the function of HDAC11 has long been focused on the immune and nervous systems and cancer development, and its potential role in obesity has been poorly studied. We found that the expression of HDAC11 was highly upregulated in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese mice and was closely related to the progression of obesity. Knockdown of HDAC11 by lentiviral injection in high-fat diet-fed mice attenuated the development of obesity. Furthermore, knockdown of HDAC11 ameliorated WAT hypertrophy and induced WAT browning. At the cellular level, silencing of HDAC11 promoted the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into brown adipocyte-like cells and inhibited the proliferation of ADSCs. More interestingly, HDAC11 expression was elevated in ADSCs isolated from obese mice, and silencing of HDAC11 facilitated the spontaneous differentiation of ADSCs into mesoderm, which is the source of adipocytes. This also superficially and effectively demonstrates the exciting prospect of HDAC11 silencing in obesity research and treatment, as a valve for "energy saving and flow reduction".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chaowei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meng Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juntong Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Walendzik K, Kopcewicz M, Wiśniewska J, Opyd P, Machcińska-Zielińska S, Gawrońska-Kozak B. Dermal white adipose tissue development and metabolism: The role of transcription factor Foxn1. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23171. [PMID: 37682531 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300873rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Intradermal adipocytes form dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT), a unique fat depot localized in the lower layer of the dermis. However, recognition of molecular factors regulating dWAT development, homeostasis, and bioactivity is limited. Using Foxn1-/- and Foxn1+/+ mice, we demonstrated that epidermally expressed Foxn1 regulates dWAT development and defines the adipogenic capacity of dermal fibroblasts. In intact and post-wounded skin, Foxn1 contributes to the initial stimulation of dWAT adipogenesis and participates in the modulation of lipid metabolism processes. Furthermore, Foxn1 activity strengthens adipogenic processes through Bmp2 and Igf2 signaling and regulates lipid metabolism in differentiated dermal fibroblasts. The results reveal the contribution of Foxn1 to dWAT metabolism, thus identifying possible targets for modulation and regulation of dWAT in physiological and pathological processes in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Walendzik
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Opyd
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Machcińska-Zielińska
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawrońska-Kozak
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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5
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Ma S, Ding R, Cao J, Liu Z, Li A, Pei D. Mitochondria transfer reverses the inhibitory effects of low stiffness on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151297. [PMID: 36791653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microenvironment biophysical factors such as matrix stiffness can noticeably affect the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this mechanobiology transduction process, mitochondria are shown to be an active participant. The present study aims to systematically elucidate the phenotypic and functional changes of mitochondria during the stiffness-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the effect of mitochondria transfer on the osteogenesis of impaired MSCs caused by stiffness was investigated. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were used as model cells in the current study. Low stiffness restrained the cell spreading and significantly inhibited the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Mitochondria of PDLSCs cultured on low stiffness exhibited shorter length, rounded shape, fusion/fission imbalance, ROS and mitophagy level increase, and ATP production reduction. The inhibited mitochondria function and osteogenic differentiation capacity were recovered to near-normal levels after transferring the mitochondria of PDLSCs cultured on the high stiffness. This study indicated that low matrix stiffness altered the mitochondrial morphology and induced systematical mitochondrial dysfunction during the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Mitochondria transfer was proved to be a feasible technique for maintaining MSCs function in vitro by reversing the osteogenesis ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Shang X, Liu K, Wang Z, Sun Y, Cao N, Huang W, Zhu Y, Wang W. Screening and analysis of key genes in the biological behavior of bone mesenchymal stem cells seeded on gradient nanostructured titanium compared with native pure Ti. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1086-1101. [PMID: 36063429 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221125036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloy materials are ideal brackets that restore bone defect, and the mechanism of related genes inducing bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to osteogenic differentiation is currently a hot research topic. In order to screen key genes of BMSCs during the osteogenic expression process, we acquired data sets (GSE37237 and GSE84500) which were in the database Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Investigations on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their enrichment of functions were conducted. We constructed relative protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and visualized the expression of DEGs with Cytoscape. A total of 279 DEGs were discerned, which could be divided into 177 down regulated genes and 102 up regulated genes. In addition, the DEGs' enrichment and pathways included regulation of actin cytoskeleton, inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) pathway, cell cycle, Rheumatoid arthritis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway ect. It showed that 10 notable up regulated genes were mainly in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Then we used a technology named surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) to prepare gradient nanostructured (GNS) surface Ti and seeded well-growing BMSCs on the surface of SMAT Ti and native pure Ti. Cell Counting Kits-8 (CCK-8), apoptosis experiment, immunofluorescence technology and staining experiments for alka-line phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS) were used to research the proliferation, adhesion and differentiation ability of BMSCs seeded on SMAT Ti compared with native pure Ti. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technology so as to verify the expression of the most significant 5 genes. In summary, these results indicated novel point of views into candidate genes and potential mechanism for the further study of BMSCs' behaviors seeded on SMAT Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Shang
- 576019General Dentistry Dep, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Keda Liu
- 576019General Dentistry Dep, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- 71123Metallic Nano-Materials Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yantao Sun
- 71123Metallic Nano-Materials Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nanjue Cao
- 576019General Dentistry Dep, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Huang
- 576019General Dentistry Dep, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuhe Zhu
- 576019General Dentistry Dep, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- 576019General Dentistry Dep, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
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Singh K, Sachan N, Ene T, Dabovic B, Rifkin D. Latent Transforming Growth Factor β Binding Protein 3 Controls Adipogenesis. Matrix Biol 2022; 112:155-170. [PMID: 35933071 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is released from cells as part of a trimeric latent complex consisting of TGFβ, the TGFβ propeptides, and either a latent TGFβ binding protein (LTBP) or glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant (GARP) protein. LTBP1 and 3 modulate latent TGFβ function with respect to secretion, matrix localization, and activation and, therefore, are vital for the proper function of the cytokine in a number of tissues. TGFβ modulates stem cell differentiation into adipocytes (adipogenesis), but the potential role of LTBPs in this process has not been studied. We observed that 72 h post adipogenesis initiation Ltbp1, 2, and 4 expression levels decrease by 74-84%, whereas Ltbp3 expression levels remain constant during adipogenesis. We found that LTBP3 silencing in C3H/10T1/2 cells reduced adipogenesis, as measured by the percentage of cells with lipid vesicles and the expression of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Lentiviral mediated expression of an Ltbp3 mRNA resistant to siRNA targeting rescued the phenotype, validating siRNA specificity. Knockdown (KD) of Ltbp3 expression in 3T3-L1, M2, and primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) indicated a similar requirement for Ltbp3. Epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue fat pad weights of Ltbp3-/- mice were reduced by 62% and 57%, respectively, compared to wild-type mice. Inhibition of adipogenic differentiation upon LTBP3 loss is mediated by TGFβ, as TGFβ neutralizing antibody and TGFβ receptor I kinase blockade rescue the LTBP3 KD phenotype. These results indicate that LTBP3 has a TGFβ-dependent function in adipogenesis both in vitro and possibly in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Singh
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nalani Sachan
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taylor Ene
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Branka Dabovic
- Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Rifkin
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Passanha FR, Geuens T, LaPointe VLS. Cadherin-11 influences differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells by regulating the extracellular matrix via the TGFβ1 pathway. Stem Cells 2022; 40:669-677. [PMID: 35416252 PMCID: PMC9332898 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona R Passanha
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Geuens
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Corresponding author: Vanessa L.S. LaPointe, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 646304225;
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Chen Y, Chen Q, Zhong M, Xu C, Wu Y, Chen R. miR-637 Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Intervertebral Disc Cartilage Endplate Stem Cells by Targeting WNT5A. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:1313-1321. [PMID: 35296211 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2050857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Degenerative disk disease (DDD) remains the leading incentive of severe lumbago. DDD is mainly caused by degeneration of cartilage endplate (CEP). Cartilage endplate stem cells (CESCs) are essential in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of CEP. This study investigated the mechanism of miR-637 inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of human CESC by regulating WNT5A.Methods: The degenerative CEP (N = 10) and non-degenerative CEP (N = 6) were obtained from patients undergoing disk fusion surgery. CESCs were examined for surface stem cell markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, osteogenic differentiation, osteogenic genes (Runx2, COL1), and chondrogenic gene (COL2). The miR-637 expression in CESCs was detected. The targeting relationship of miR-637 and WNT5A was confirmed. After miR-637 overexpression/WNT5A down-regulation, the action of miR-637/WNT5A on osteogenic differentiation of CESCs was evaluated. After simultaneous overexpression of miR-637/WNT5A, the effect of miR-637 on osteogenic differentiation of CESCs was assessed.Results: miR-637 was down-expressed in degenerative CESCs (D-CESCs), and miR-637 overexpression inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of D-CESCs, while inhibition of miR-637 promoted the osteogenic differentiation ability of D-CESCs. miR-637 targeted WNT5A and down-regulation of WNT5A inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of D-CESCs. Up-regulated WNT5A partially annulled the inhibitory action of miR-637 overexpression on osteogenic differentiation of D-CESCs.Conclusion: miR-637 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of D-CESCs via targeting WNT5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingliang Zhong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Canhua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaohong Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rongchun Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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10
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Holtzer L, Wesseling-Rozendaal Y, Verhaegh W, van de Stolpe A. Measurement of activity of developmental signal transduction pathways to quantify stem cell pluripotency and phenotypically characterize differentiated cells. Stem Cell Res 2022; 61:102748. [PMID: 35325817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Important challenges in stem cell research and regenerative medicine are reliable assessment of pluripotency state and purity of differentiated cell populations. Pluripotency and differentiation are regulated and determined by activity of developmental signal transduction pathways (STPs). To date activity of these STPs could not be directly measured on a cell sample. Here we validate a novel assay platform for measurement of activity of developmental STPs (STP) for use in stem cells and stem cell derivatives. In addition to previously developed STP assays, we report development of an additional STP assay for the MAPK-AP1 pathway. Subsequently, activity of Notch, Hedgehog, TGFβ, Wnt, PI3K, MAPK-AP1, and NFκB signaling pathways was calculated from Affymetrix transcriptome data of human pluripotent embryonic (hES) and iPS cell lines under different culture conditions, organ-derived multipotent stem cells, and differentiated cell types, to generate quantitative STP activity profiles. Results show that the STP assay technology enables reliable and quantitative measurement of multiple STP activities simultaneously on any individual cell sample. Using the technology, we found that culture conditions dominantly influence the pluripotent stem cell STP activity profile, while the origin of the stem cell line was a minor variable. A pluripotency STP activity profile (Pluripotency qPAP) was defined (active PI3K, MAPK, Hedgehog, Notch, TGFβ, and NFκB pathway, inactive Wnt pathway). Differentiation of hES cells to intestinal progenitor cells resulted in an STP activity profile characterized by active PI3K, Wnt and Notch pathways, comparable to the STP activity profile measured on primary intestinal crypt stem cells. Quantitative STP activity measurement is expected to improve experimental reproducibility and standardization of pluripotent and multipotent stem cell culture/differentiation, and enable controlled manipulation of pluripotency/differentiation state using pathway targeting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Holtzer
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Wim Verhaegh
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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11
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Tang C, Liang D, Qiu Y, Zhu J, Tang G. Omentin‑1 induces osteoblast viability and differentiation via the TGF‑β/Smad signaling pathway in osteoporosis. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:132. [PMID: 35179221 PMCID: PMC8867465 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone-related disease that results from impaired bone formation and excessive bone resorption. The potential value of adipokines has been investigated previously, due to their influence on osteogenesis. However, the osteogenic effects induced by omentin-1 remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the regulatory effects of omentin-1 on osteoblast viability and differentiation, as well as to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. The present study investigated the effects of omentin-1 on the viability and differentiation of mouse pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) using quantitative and qualitative measures. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to assess the viability of MC3T3-E1 cells following treatment with different doses of omentin-1. Omentin-1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor were added to osteogenic induction mediums in different ways to assess their effect. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining of MC3T3-E1 cells treated with omentin-1 and/or BMP inhibitor were used to examine the effects of omentin-1 on differentiation and mineralization. Western blotting was used to further explore its potential mechanism, and to study the role of omentin-1 on the viability and differentiation of osteoblasts. The results showed that omentin-1 altered the viability of MC3T3-E1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Omentin-1 treatment significantly increased the expression of members of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. In the omentin-1 group, the ALP activity of the MC3T3-E1 cells was increased, and the ARS staining area was also increased. The mRNA and protein expression levels of BMP2, Runt-related transcription factor 2, collagen1, osteopontin, osteocalcin and osterix in the omentin-1 group were also significantly upregulated. All these effects were reversed following treatment with SIS3 HCl. These results demonstrated that omentin-1 can significantly promote osteoblast viability and differentiation via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, thereby promoting bone formation and preventing osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuisong Tang
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Medical College of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Dengpan Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Yuyou Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jingqi Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Medical College of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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12
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Du G, Cheng X, Zhang Z, Han L, Wu K, Li Y, Lin X. TGF-Beta Induced Key Genes of Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and MiRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks. Front Genet 2021; 12:759596. [PMID: 34899844 PMCID: PMC8656281 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.759596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinical efficacy of osteoporosis therapy is unsatisfactory. However, there is currently no gold standard for the treatment of osteoporosis. Recent studies have indicated that a switch from osteogenic to adipogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) induces osteoporosis. This study aimed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in this process and to identify key genes involved in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in hMSCs to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Methods: Microarray and bioinformatics approaches were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, and the biological functions and pathways of these genes were analyzed. Hub genes were identified, and the miRNA–mRNA interaction networks of these hub genes were constructed. Results: In an optimized microenvironment, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) could promote osteogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. According to our study, 98 upregulated genes involved in osteogenic differentiation and 66 downregulated genes involved in adipogenic differentiation were identified, and associated biological functions and pathways were analyzed. Based on the protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, the hub genes of the upregulated genes (CTGF, IGF1, BMP2, MMP13, TGFB3, MMP3, and SERPINE1) and the hub genes of the downregulated genes (PPARG, TIMP3, ANXA1, ADAMTS5, AGTR1, CXCL12, and CEBPA) were identified, and statistical analysis revealed significant differences. In addition, 36 miRNAs derived from the upregulated hub genes were screened, as were 17 miRNAs derived from the downregulated hub genes. Hub miRNAs (hsa-miR-27a/b-3p, hsa-miR-128-3p, hsa-miR-1-3p, hsa-miR-98-5p, and hsa-miR-130b-3p) coregulated both osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation factors. Conclusion: The upregulated hub genes identified are potential targets for osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs, whereas the downregulated hub genes are potential targets for adipogenic differentiation. These hub genes and miRNAs play important roles in adipogenesis and osteogenesis of hMSCs. They may be related to the prevention and treatment not only of osteoporosis but also of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genfa Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyuan Cheng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linjing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Keliang Wu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shunde Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaosheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Liu X, Liu M, Lee L, Davies M, Wang Z, Kim H, Feeley BT. Trichostatin A regulates fibro/adipogenic progenitor adipogenesis epigenetically and reduces rotator cuff muscle fatty infiltration. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1452-1462. [PMID: 32970360 PMCID: PMC7987912 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff (RC) muscle fatty infiltration (FI) is an important factor that determines the clinical outcome of patients with RC repair. There is no effective treatment for RC muscle FI at this time. The goal of this study is to define the role Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor in regulating muscle fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) adipogenesis and treating muscle fatty degeneration after massive RC tears in a mouse model. We hypothesize that TSA reduces muscle FI after massive RC tears. HDAC activity was measured in FAPs in RC muscle after tendon/nerve transection or sham surgery. FAPs were treated with TSA for 2 weeks and FAP adipogenesis was evaluated with perilipin and Oil Red O staining, as well as reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction for adipogenesis-related genes. About 0.5 mg/kg TSA or dimethyl sulfoxide was administered to C57B/L6 mice with massive rotator cuff tears through daily intraperitoneal injection for 6 weeks. Supraspinatus muscles were harvested for biochemical and histology analysis. We found that FAPs showed significantly higher HDAC activity after RC tendon/nerve transection. TSA treatment significantly reduced HDAC activity and inhibited adipogenesis of FAPs. TSA also abolished the role of bone morphogenetic protein-7 in inducing FAP adipogenesis and promoted FAP brown/beige adipose tissue (BAT) differentiation. TSA injection significantly increased histone H3 acetylation and reduced FI of rotator cuff muscles after massive tendon tears. Results from this study showed that TSA can regulate FAP adipogenesis and promote FAP BAT differentiation epigenetically. HDAC inhibition may be a new treatment strategy to reduce muscle FI after RC tears and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Liu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lawrence Lee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Davies
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zili Wang
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hubert Kim
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian T. Feeley
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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14
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Endo S, Matsunaga T, Nishinaka T. The Role of AKR1B10 in Physiology and Pathophysiology. Metabolites 2021; 11:332. [PMID: 34063865 PMCID: PMC8224097 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AKR1B10 is a human nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reductase belonging to the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1B subfamily. It catalyzes the reduction of aldehydes, some ketones and quinones, and interacts with acetyl-CoA carboxylase and heat shock protein 90α. The enzyme is highly expressed in epithelial cells of the stomach and intestine, but down-regulated in gastrointestinal cancers and inflammatory bowel diseases. In contrast, AKR1B10 expression is low in other tissues, where the enzyme is upregulated in cancers, as well as in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and several skin diseases. In addition, the enzyme's expression is elevated in cancer cells resistant to clinical anti-cancer drugs. Thus, growing evidence supports AKR1B10 as a potential target for diagnosing and treating these diseases. Herein, we reviewed the literature on the roles of AKR1B10 in a healthy gastrointestinal tract, the development and progression of cancers and acquired chemoresistance, in addition to its gene regulation, functions, and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Education Center of Green Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan;
| | - Toru Nishinaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Osaka, Japan;
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15
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Porro S, Genchi VA, Cignarelli A, Natalicchio A, Laviola L, Giorgino F, Perrini S. Dysmetabolic adipose tissue in obesity: morphological and functional characteristics of adipose stem cells and mature adipocytes in healthy and unhealthy obese subjects. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:921-941. [PMID: 33145726 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The way by which subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) expands and undergoes remodeling by storing excess lipids through expansion of adipocytes (hypertrophy) or recruitment of new precursor cells (hyperplasia) impacts the risk of developing cardiometabolic and respiratory diseases. In unhealthy obese subjects, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnoea are typically associated with pathologic SAT remodeling characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, as well as chronic inflammation, hypoxia, increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and fatty liver. In contrast, metabolically healthy obese individuals are generally associated with SAT development characterized by the presence of smaller and numerous mature adipocytes, and a lower degree of VAT inflammation and ectopic fat accumulation. The remodeling of SAT and VAT is under genetic regulation and influenced by inherent depot-specific differences of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). ASCs have multiple functions such as cell renewal, adipogenic capacity, and angiogenic properties, and secrete a variety of bioactive molecules involved in vascular and extracellular matrix remodeling. Understanding the mechanisms regulating the proliferative and adipogenic capacity of ASCs from SAT and VAT in response to excess calorie intake has become a focus of interest over recent decades. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the biological mechanisms able to foster or impair the recruitment and adipogenic differentiation of ASCs during SAT and VAT development, which regulate body fat distribution and favorable or unfavorable metabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Porro
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - V A Genchi
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Cignarelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Natalicchio
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - L Laviola
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - F Giorgino
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - S Perrini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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16
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Tan L, Tran L, Ferreyra S, Moran JA, Skovgaard Z, Trujillo A, ibili E, Zhao Y. Downregulation of SUV39H1 and CITED2 Exerts Additive Effect on Promoting Adipogenic Commitment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:485-501. [PMID: 33691475 PMCID: PMC8106253 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipogenesis is the process through which uncommitted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiate into adipocytes. Through a siRNA-based high-throughput screen that identifies adipogenic regulators whose expression knockdown leads to enhanced adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs, two new regulators, SUV39H1, a histone methyltransferase that catalyzes H3K9Me3, and CITED2, a CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 2 were uncovered. Both SUV39H1 and CITED2 are normally downregulated during adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Further expression knockdown induced by siSUV39H1 or siCITED2 at the adipogenic initiation stage significantly enhanced adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs as compared with siControl treatment, with siSUV39H1 acting by both accelerating fat accumulation in individual adipocytes and increasing the total number of committed adipocytes, whereas siCITED2 acting predominantly by increasing the total number of committed adipocytes. In addition, both siSUV39H1 and siCITED2 were able to redirect hMSCs to undergo adipogenic differentiation in the presence of osteogenic inducing media, which normally only induces osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in the absence of siSUV39H1 or siCITED2. Interestingly, simultaneous knockdown of both SUV39H1 and CITED2 resulted in even greater levels of adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs and expression of CEBPα and PPARγ, two master regulators of adipogenesis, as compared with those elicited by single gene knockdown. Furthermore, the effects of co-knockdown were equivalent to the additive effect of individual gene knockdown. Taken together, this study demonstrates that SUV39H1 and CITED2 are both negative regulators of human adipogenesis, and downregulation of both genes exerts an additive effect on promoting adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs through augmented commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Tan
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Ferreyra
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Jose A. Moran
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Zachary Skovgaard
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Amparo Trujillo
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Esra ibili
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Yuanxiang Zhao
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
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17
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Lam ATL, Lee AP, Jayaraman P, Tan KY, Raghothaman D, Lim HL, Cheng H, Zhou L, Tan AHM, Reuveny S, Oh S. Multiomics analyses of cytokines, genes, miRNA, and regulatory networks in human mesenchymal stem cells expanded in stirred microcarrier-spinner cultures. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102272. [PMID: 33676128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of great clinical interest as a form of allogenic therapy due to their excellent regenerative and immunomodulatory effects for various therapeutic indications. Stirred suspension bioreactors using microcarriers (MC) have been used for large-scale production of MSCs compared to planar cultivation systems. Previously, we have demonstrated that expansion of MSCs in MC-spinner cultures improved chondrogenic, osteogenic, and cell migration potentials as compared to monolayer-static cultures. In this study, we sought to address this by analyzing global gene expression patterns, miRNA profiles and secretome under both monolayer-static and MC-spinner cultures in serum-free medium at different growth phases. The datasets revealed differential expression patterns that correlated with potentially improved MSC properties in cells from MC-spinner cultures compared to those of monolayer-static cultures. Transcriptome analysis identified a unique expression signature for cells from MC-spinner cultures, which correlated well with miRNA expression, and cytokine secretion involved in key MSC functions. Importantly, MC-spinner cultures and conditioned medium showed increased expression of factors that possibly enhance pathways of extracellular matrix dynamics, cellular metabolism, differentiation potential, immunoregulatory function, and wound healing. This systematic analysis provides insights for the efficient optimization of stem cell bioprocessing and infers that MC-based bioprocess manufacturing could improve post-expansion cellular properties for stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Tin-Lun Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Alison P Lee
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Premkumar Jayaraman
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kah Yong Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Deepak Raghothaman
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hsueh Lee Lim
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - He Cheng
- MiRXES, 2 Tukang Innovation Grove, JTC MedTech Hub, Singapore
| | - Lihan Zhou
- MiRXES, 2 Tukang Innovation Grove, JTC MedTech Hub, Singapore
| | - Andy Hee-Meng Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Steve Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
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18
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Cousminer DL, Wagley Y, Pippin JA, Elhakeem A, Way GP, Pahl MC, McCormack SE, Chesi A, Mitchell JA, Kindler JM, Baird D, Hartley A, Howe L, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Lu S, Leonard ME, Johnson ME, Hakonarson H, Gilsanz V, Shepherd JA, Oberfield SE, Greene CS, Kelly A, Lawlor DA, Voight BF, Wells AD, Zemel BS, Hankenson KD, Grant SFA. Genome-wide association study implicates novel loci and reveals candidate effector genes for longitudinal pediatric bone accrual. Genome Biol 2021; 22:1. [PMID: 33397451 PMCID: PMC7780623 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone accrual impacts lifelong skeletal health, but genetic discovery has been primarily limited to cross-sectional study designs and hampered by uncertainty about target effector genes. Here, we capture this dynamic phenotype by modeling longitudinal bone accrual across 11,000 bone scans in a cohort of healthy children and adolescents, followed by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and variant-to-gene mapping with functional follow-up. RESULTS We identify 40 loci, 35 not previously reported, with various degrees of supportive evidence, half residing in topological associated domains harboring known bone genes. Of several loci potentially associated with later-life fracture risk, a candidate SNP lookup provides the most compelling evidence for rs11195210 (SMC3). Variant-to-gene mapping combining ATAC-seq to assay open chromatin with high-resolution promoter-focused Capture C identifies contacts between GWAS loci and nearby gene promoters. siRNA knockdown of gene expression supports the putative effector gene at three specific loci in two osteoblast cell models. Finally, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we confirm that the immediate genomic region harboring the putative causal SNP influences PRPF38A expression, a location which is predicted to coincide with a set of binding sites for relevant transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS Using a new longitudinal approach, we expand the number of genetic loci putatively associated with pediatric bone gain. Functional follow-up in appropriate cell models finds novel candidate genes impacting bone accrual. Our data also raise the possibility that the cell fate decision between osteogenic and adipogenic lineages is important in normal bone accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yadav Wagley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James A Pippin
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Elhakeem
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gregory P Way
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shana E McCormack
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Kindler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Denis Baird
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - April Hartley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joan M Lappe
- Department of Medicine and College of Nursing, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NB, USA
| | - Sumei Lu
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle E Leonard
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew E Johnson
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vicente Gilsanz
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John A Shepherd
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Science, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casey S Greene
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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19
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
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Mitochondria transfer enhances proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and promotes bone defect healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:245. [PMID: 32586355 PMCID: PMC7318752 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation is considered a promising therapeutic approach for bone defect repair. However, during the transplantation procedure, the functions and viability of BMSCs may be impaired due to extended durations of in vitro culture, aging, and disease conditions of patients. Inspired by spontaneous intercellular mitochondria transfer that naturally occurs within injured tissues to rescue cellular or tissue function, we investigated whether artificial mitochondria transfer into pre-transplant BMSCs in vitro could improve cellular function and enhance their therapeutic effects on bone defect repair in situ. Methods Mitochondria were isolated from donor BMSCs and transferred into recipient BMSCs of the same batch and passage. Subsequently, changes in proliferative capacity and cell senescence were evaluated by live cell imaging, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, cell cycle analysis, Ki67 staining, qPCR and Western blot analysis of c-Myc expression, and β-galactosidase staining. Migration ability was evaluated by the transwell migration assay, wound scratch healing, and cell motility tests. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin Red staining, and combined with qPCR and Western blot analyses of Runx2 and BMP2 were performed to elucidate the effects of mitochondria transfer on the osteogenic potential of BMSCs in vitro. After that, in vivo experiments were performed by transplanting mitochondria-recipient BMSCs into a rat cranial critical-size bone defect model. Micro CT scanning and histological analysis were conducted at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation to evaluate osteogenesis in situ. Finally, in order to establish the correlation between cellular behavioral changes and aerobic metabolism, OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) and ATP production were assessed and inhibition of aerobic respiration by oligomycin was performed. Results Mitochondria-recipient BMSCs exhibited significantly enhanced proliferation and migration, and increased osteogenesis upon osteogenic induction. The in vivo results showed more new bone formation after transplantation of mitochondria-recipient BMSCs in situ. Increased OXPHOS activity and ATP production were observed, which upon inhibition by oligomycin attenuated the enhancement of proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation induced by mitochondria transfer. Conclusions Mitochondria transfer is a feasible technique to enhance BMSC function in vitro and promote bone defect repair in situ through the upregulation of aerobic metabolism. The results indicated that mitochondria transfer may be a novel promising technique for optimizing stem cell therapeutic function.
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Improves Differentiation by Inhibiting Senescence of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell via GSK-3 β and β-Catenin. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:2365814. [PMID: 32565825 PMCID: PMC7271209 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2365814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To demonstrate the effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Subsequently, a rational mechanism for the detection of Rg1 which affects mesenchymal stem cell differentiation was explored. Methods Flow cytometry is used for cell identification. The differentiation ability of hBM-MSCs was studied by differentiation culture. SA-β-gal staining is used to detect cell senescence levels. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to determine protein expression levels. RT-qPCR is used to detect mRNA expression levels. Results Rg1 regulates the differentiation of hBM-MSCs. Differentiation culture analysis showed that Rg1 promoted cells to osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Western blot results showed that Rg1 regulated the overactivation of the β-catenin signaling pathway and significantly adjusted the phosphorylation of GSK-3β. GSK-3β inhibitor (Licl) significantly increased Rg1-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3β, which in turn reduced Rg1-induced differentiation of hBM-MSCs. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 can reduce the excessive activation of the Wnt pathway in senescent cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of GSK-3β and regulate the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation ability.
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Lynch K, Treacy O, Chen X, Murphy N, Lohan P, Islam MN, Donohoe E, Griffin MD, Watson L, McLoughlin S, O'Malley G, Ryan AE, Ritter T. TGF-β1-Licensed Murine MSCs Show Superior Therapeutic Efficacy in Modulating Corneal Allograft Immune Rejection In Vivo. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2023-2043. [PMID: 32531237 PMCID: PMC7474271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic option for multiple immune diseases/disorders; however, efficacy of MSC treatments can vary significantly. We present a novel licensing strategy to improve the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs. Licensing murine MSCs with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β MSCs) significantly improved their ability to modulate both the phenotype and secretome of inflammatory bone marrow-derived macrophages and significantly increased the numbers of regulatory T lymphocytes following co-culture assays. These TGF-β MSC-expanded regulatory T lymphocytes also expressed significantly higher levels of PD-L1 and CD73, indicating enhanced suppressive potential. Detailed analysis of T lymphocyte co-cultures revealed modulation of secreted factors, most notably elevated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Furthermore, TGF-β MSCs could significantly prolong rejection-free survival (69.2% acceptance rate compared to 21.4% for unlicensed MSC-treated recipients) in a murine corneal allograft model. Mechanistic studies revealed that (1) therapeutic efficacy of TGF-β MSCs is Smad2/3-dependent, (2) the enhanced immunosuppressive capacity of TGF-β MSCs is contact-dependent, and (3) enhanced secretion of PGE2 (via prostaglandin EP4 [E-type prostanoid 4] receptor) by TGF-β MSCs is the predominant mediator of Treg expansion and T cell activation and is associated with corneal allograft survival. Collectively, we provide compelling evidence for the use of TGF-β1 licensing as an unconventional strategy for enhancing MSC immunosuppressive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lynch
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Oliver Treacy
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Xizhe Chen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nick Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul Lohan
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Md Nahidul Islam
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ellen Donohoe
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Luke Watson
- Orbsen Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Steven McLoughlin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Grace O'Malley
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aideen E Ryan
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Thomas Ritter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Identifying the Therapeutic Significance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051145. [PMID: 32384763 PMCID: PMC7291143 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has gained global attention due to their immense potential for immunosuppression and their therapeutic role in immune disorders. MSCs migrate towards inflamed microenvironments, produce anti-inflammatory cytokines and conceal themselves from the innate immune system. These signatures are the reason for the uprising in the sciences of cellular therapy in the last decades. Irrespective of their therapeutic role in immune disorders, some factors limit beneficial effects such as inconsistency of cell characteristics, erratic protocols, deviating dosages, and diverse transfusion patterns. Conclusive protocols for cell culture, differentiation, expansion, and cryopreservation of MSCs are of the utmost importance for a better understanding of MSCs in therapeutic applications. In this review, we address the immunomodulatory properties and immunosuppressive actions of MSCs. Also, we sum up the results of the enhancement, utilization, and therapeutic responses of MSCs in treating inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders and diabetes.
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Zhu Y, Zhang X, Gu R, Liu X, Wang S, Xia D, Li Z, Lian X, Zhang P, Liu Y, Zhou Y. LAMA2 regulates the fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells via hedgehog signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:135. [PMID: 32213190 PMCID: PMC7093965 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone defects are a common clinical condition that has gained an increasing amount of attention in recent years. Causes of bone defect include tumors, inflammation, and fractures. Bone tissue engineering is a novel treatment of bone defect, and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are the ideal seed cells for bone tissue engineering due to their multi-lineage differentiation potential and immunogenicity. The laminin α2 (LAMA2) gene encodes the α2 subunit of laminins. Mutations in this gene have been reported to cause muscular dystrophy, but thus far no studies have elucidated the role of LAMA2 in the fate choices of MSCs. Here, we aimed to investigate the critical role of LAMA2 in the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS We investigated LAMA2 function in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and in vivo through loss- and gain-of-function experiments. In addition, molecular mechanism was clarified by Western blot and siRNA. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that LAMA2 was a critical regulator for fate commitment of MSCs. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that LAMA2 inhibits osteogenesis and promotes adipogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that LAMA2 regulated osteogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs by modulating the hedgehog signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The present work confirms that LAMA2 is a new molecular target for MSC-based bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranli Gu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuenan Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Lian
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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Hypoxia Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell (ADSC) by Regulating Mettl3 and Paracrine Factors. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:2830565. [PMID: 32148516 PMCID: PMC7053496 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2830565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) is an alternative and less invasive source of mesenchymal stem cells which can be used to develop biological treatment strategies for tissue regeneration, and their therapeutic applications hinge on an understanding of their physiological characteristics. N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common chemical modification of mRNAs and has recently been revealed to play important roles in cell lineage differentiation and development. However, the role of m6A modification in the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation of ADSCs remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the expression of N6-adenosine methyltransferases (Mettl3) and demethylases (Fto and Alkbh5) and found that Mettl3 was upregulated in ADSCs undergoing vascular smooth muscle differentiation induction. Moreover, silence of Mettle3 reduced the expression level of VSMC-specific markers, including α-SMA, SM22α, calponin, and SM-MHC. Meanwhile, Mettl3 knockdown also decreased the expression of paracrine factors, including VEGF, HGF, TGF-β, GM-CSF, bFGF, and SDF-1. In addition, our results suggested that hypoxia stress promotes the ADSC differentiate into VMSCs and regulates the secretion of VEGF, HGF, TGF-β, GM-CSF, bFGF, and SDF-1 by mediating Mettl3 gene expression. These observations might contribute to novel progress in understanding the role of epitranscriptomic regulation in the VSMC differentiation of ADSCs and provide a promising perspective for new therapeutic strategies for tissue regeneration.
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Gennari L, Merlotti D, Falchetti A, Eller Vainicher C, Cosso R, Chiodini I. Emerging therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:115-130. [PMID: 32050822 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1726889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic, skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength and increased fracture risk; it affects 50% of women and 20% of men. In the past two decades, there have been substantial improvements in the pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis which have yielded potent inhibitors of bone resorption or stimulators of bone formation.Areas covered: This review discusses newly identified targets and pathways and conceptual approaches to the prevention of multiple age-related disorders. Furthermore, it summarizes existing therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis.Expert opinion: Our enhanced understanding of bone biology and the reciprocal interactions between bone and other tissues have allowed the identification of new targets that may facilitate the development of novel drugs. These drugs will hopefully achieve the uncoupling of bone formation from resorption and possibly exert a dual anabolic and antiresorptive effect on bone. Alas, limitations regarding adherence, efficacy on nonvertebral fracture prevention and the long-term adverse events still exist for currently available therapeutics. Moreover, the efficacy of most agents is limited by the tight coupling of osteoblasts and osteoclasts; hence the reduction of bone resorption invariably reduces bone formation, and vice versa. This field is very much 'a work in progress.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Eller Vainicher
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Units, Department of Medical Sciences and Community, Fondazione Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Cosso
- EndOsMet Villa Donatello Private Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Up-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein and its signaling molecules following castration of bulls and their association with intramuscular fat content in Korean cattle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19807. [PMID: 31875043 PMCID: PMC6930278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether castration affects bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) level and the expression of its signaling molecules in Korean cattle bulls. We also checked whether castration affects the expression of muscle fiber type and oxidative and glycolytic enzyme genes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed that steers had higher plasma BMP2 and leptin concentrations than bulls. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that steers had higher mRNA levels of the lysyl oxidase gene, a downstream target of the BMP signaling pathway, in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. Steers had higher adipogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and lipogenic fatty acid binding protein 4 mRNA levels in the LT than bulls. Steers had lower mRNA levels for several muscle fiber type 1 genes and fiber type 2A myosin heavy chain 2 gene than bulls. Steers had higher mRNA levels of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase 1 gene than bulls. Transcript levels of oxidative enzyme genes did not differ between bulls and steers. Regression analysis revealed a positive association between plasma BMP2 levels and intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the steer group. These findings suggest that upregulation of the BMP signaling pathway in response to castration induces increased adipogenic gene expression, contributing to the increased IMF deposition observed in castrated animals.
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Jang H, Lim S, Kim J, Yoon S, Lee CY, Hwang H, Shin JW, Shin KJ, Kim HY, Park KI, Nam D, Lee JY, Yea K, Hirabayashi Y, Lee YJ, Chae YC, Suh P, Choi JH. Glucosylceramide synthase regulates adipo‐osteogenic differentiation through synergistic activation of PPARγ with GlcCer. FASEB J 2019; 34:1270-1287. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901437r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Jun Jang
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Lim
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Min Kim
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Yoon
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Lee
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon‐Jeong Hwang
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Shin
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Shin
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Dougu Nam
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Yil Lee
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoo Yea
- Department of New Biology DGIST Daegu Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yu Jin Lee
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chan Chae
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Pann‐Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyun Choi
- School of Life Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
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Zhao X, Wei Z, Li D, Yang Z, Tian M, Kang P. Glucocorticoid Enhanced the Expression of Ski in Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head: The Effect on Adipogenesis of Rabbit BMSCs. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:506-517. [PMID: 31359074 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteonecrosis has been considered as the most serious side effect in long-term or over-dose steroid therapy. The decreased bone mass and increased marrow fat tissue demonstrated that GC can destroy the normal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which accelerates adipogenesis but not osteogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Ski, an evolutionary conserved protein, is a multifunctional transcriptional regulator that involved in regulating signaling pathways associated with adipogenesis differentiation, but the concrete function remains unclear. In this work, we first established a methylprednisolone (MPS)-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) rabbit model, in which the expression of Ski, PPAR-γ, and FABP4 was up-regulated compared with control group, and then we induced the isolated BMSCs from rabbit with dexamethasone (Dex) in vitro and the results showed that the Ski expression was up-regulated by Dex in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Therefore, we demonstrated that the expression of Ski was up-regulated in glucocorticoid-related osteonecrosis disease in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the adipogenesis differentiation capacity of BMSCs was enhanced after induced by Dex, which was identified by Oil Red O staining, and the up-regulated PPAR-γ and FABP4 expression. To further study the function of Ski in BMSC after induced by Dex, Ski specific small interfering RNA (Ski-siRNA) was used. Results showed that knockdown of Ski obviously decreased adipogenesis differentiation evident by Oil Red O staining, and the expression of PPAR-γ and FABP4 was down-regulated simultaneously. Collectively, our findings suggest that Ski increased significantly during glucocorticoid-induced adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and the expression level was consistent with adipogenic-related proteins including PPAR-γ and FABP4. Based on the above data, we believe that Ski might become a new molecule in the treatment of GC-induced ONFH and our study could provide a basis for further study on the detailed function of Ski in ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouyuan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Tian
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan Univerisity, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengde Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Cao X, Li P, Fan Y, Zhang L, Ma X, Sun R, Liu Y, Li W. LncRNA NKILA integrates RXFP1/AKT and NF-κB signalling to regulate osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:521-529. [PMID: 31657882 PMCID: PMC6933397 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are previously found to have potential capacity to differentiate into osteocytes when exposed to specific stimuli. However, the detailed molecular mechanism during this progress remains largely unknown. In the current study, we characterized the lncRNA NKILA as a crucial positive regulator for osteogenesis of MSCs. NKILA attenuation significantly inhibits the calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity of MSCs. More interestingly, we defined that NKILA is functionally involved in the regulation of RXFP1/PI3K‐AKT and NF‐κB signalling. Knockdown of NKILA dramatically down‐regulates the expression of RXFP1 and then reduces the activity of AKT, a downstream regulator of RXFP1 signalling which is widely accepted as an activator of osteogenesis. Moreover, we identify NF‐κB as another critical regulator implicated in NKILA‐mediated osteogenic differentiation. Inhibition of NF‐κB can induce the expression of RUNX2, a master transcription factor of osteogenesis, in a HDAC2‐mediated deacetylation manner. Thus, this study illustrates the regulatory function of NKILA in osteogenesis through distinct signalling pathways, therefore providing a new insight into searching for new molecular targets for bone tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiangyang Cao
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanan Fan
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Xianghao Ma
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Ruibo Sun
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Youwen Liu
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Wuyin Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
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García-Sánchez D, Fernández D, Rodríguez-Rey JC, Pérez-Campo FM. Enhancing survival, engraftment, and osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:748-763. [PMID: 31692976 PMCID: PMC6828596 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i10.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for bone regeneration therapies due to their plasticity and easiness of sourcing. MSC-based treatments are generally considered a safe procedure, however, the long-term results obtained up to now are far from satisfactory. The main causes of these therapeutic limitations are inefficient homing, engraftment, and osteogenic differentiation. Many studies have proposed modifications to improve MSC engraftment and osteogenic differentiation of the transplanted cells. Several strategies are aimed to improve cell resistance to the hostile microenvironment found in the recipient tissue and increase cell survival after transplantation. These strategies could range from a simple modification of the culture conditions, known as cell-preconditioning, to the genetic modification of the cells to avoid cellular senescence. Many efforts have also been done in order to enhance the osteogenic potential of the transplanted cells and induce bone formation, mainly by the use of bioactive or biomimetic scaffolds, although alternative approaches will also be discussed. This review aims to summarize several of the most recent approaches, providing an up-to-date view of the main developments in MSC-based regenerative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García-Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Cantabria 39011, Spain
| | - Darío Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes W3400, Argentina
| | - José C Rodríguez-Rey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Cantabria 39011, Spain
| | - Flor M Pérez-Campo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Cantabria 39011, Spain.
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Effect of a Residual Biofilm on Release of Transforming Growth Factor β1 from Dentin. J Endod 2019; 45:1119-1125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang X, Liu L, Dou C, Cheng P, Liu L, Liu H, Ren S, Wang C, Jia S, Chen L, Zhang H, Chen M. PPAR Gamma-Regulated MicroRNA 199a-5p Underlies Bone Marrow Adiposity in Aplastic Anemia. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:678-687. [PMID: 31400610 PMCID: PMC6700432 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased propensity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) toward adipogenic differentiation has been implicated in the fatty bone marrow and defective hematopoiesis of aplastic anemia (AA). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be investigated. In this study, we found that microRNA 199a-5p (miR-199a-5p) exhibits significantly higher expression in AA BM-MSCs compared with the normal control and is demonstrated to facilitate adipogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs through lentivirus-mediated miR-199a overexpression. Mechanistic investigation reveals that miR-199a-5p could be regulated by PPAR gamma (PPARγ) in a transcription-independent manner and regulates adipogenic differentiation by targeting the expression of transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI), which is subsequently validated as a negative regulator of adipogenesis. Besides, the positive correlation between PPARγ and miR-199a-5p expression as well as the inverse relationship between miR-199a-5p and TGFBI expression in normal and AA BM-MSCs was observed. Altogether, our work demonstrates that PPARγ-regulated miR-199a-5p promotes adipogenesis of BM-MSCs by inhibiting TGFBI expression, which might be a novel mechanism underlying the bone marrow adiposity in AA, and provides promising therapeutic targets for AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianning Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cuiyun Dou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Panpan Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haihui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Saisai Ren
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shu Jia
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Graduate School, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Mingtai Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China.
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Liu H, Gu R, Li W, Xue J, Cong Z, Wei Q, Zhou Y. Probiotics protect against tenofovir-induced mandibular bone loss in mice by rescuing mandible-derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 47 Suppl 1:83-90. [PMID: 31209890 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a primary antiretroviral agent used to treat AIDS, triggers systematic bone loss. However, the effect of TDF on osteopenia or osteoporosis in the jaw remains unclear. TDF-induced bone loss in the jaw, if any, likely involves mandible-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs), which play a key role in jawbone metabolism. Probiotics prevent long bone loss, and could prove efficacious in treating TDF-induced mandibular bone loss. OBJECTIVES To determine whether TDF triggers mandibular bone loss, elucidate the underlying mechanisms, and study the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on TDF-induced bone loss in the jaw. METHODS Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was administered orally daily and LGG semiweekly from eight weeks to the end of the study (LGG group) to male C57BL6/J mice. The mice were sacrificed, and body weight (BW) and serum Ca and P were measured. Mandibular histomorphometry was evaluated by micro-CT. MMSCs and LGG culture supernatants were isolated, and MMSC proliferation and ALP production when treated with different concentrations of LGG supernatant and/or TDF were measured. Relative abundance of osteogenic markers was assessed by qPCR. RESULTS Orally administered LGG protected against bone mass loss and deterioration of bone microarchitecture and increased serum P levels. The BW of the TDF group was highest among the study groups. TDF partially impaired osteogenesis and proliferation of MMSCs. LGG culture supernatant rescued MMSC osteogenesis and proliferation, and osteogenic gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG protected against tenofovir-induced mandibular bone loss in mice by rescuing MMSC proliferation and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ranli Gu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Cong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Samimi A, Ghanavat M, Shahrabi S, Azizidoost S, Saki N. Role of bone marrow adipocytes in leukemia and chemotherapy challenges. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2489-2497. [PMID: 30715556 PMCID: PMC11105633 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is an extramedullary reservoir of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Adipocytes prevent the production of normal HSCs via secretion of inflammatory factors, and adipocyte-derived free fatty acids may contribute to the development and progression of leukemia via providing energy for leukemic cells. In addition, adipocytes are able to metabolize and inactivate therapeutic agents, reducing the concentrations of active drugs in adipocyte-rich microenvironments. The aim of this study was to detect the role of adipocytes in the progression and treatment of leukemia. Relevant literature was identified through a PubMed search (2000-2018) of English-language papers using the following terms: leukemia, adipocyte, leukemic stem cell, chemotherapy, and bone marrow. Findings suggest the striking interplay between leukemic cells and adipocytes to create a unique microenvironment supporting the metabolic demands and survival of leukemic cells. Based on these findings, targeting lipid metabolism of leukemic cells and adipocytes in combination with standard therapeutic agents might present novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Samimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Ghanavat
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Shirin Azizidoost
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2-Conjugated Silica Particles Enhanced Early Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose Stem Cells on the Polycaprolactone Scaffold. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:395-403. [PMID: 31413943 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silica particles (SPs) induce cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. We reported that SPs in the scaffold induced early stage osteogenic differentiation. Methods A polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold was fabricated with a 10 wt% SPs. The surface of PCL scaffold was coated with a 10 µg/mL collagen solution. Next, the scaffold was conjugated with 2 μM SPs, 2 μg/mL bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), or 2 μM BMP2-conjugated SPs (BCSPs). Green fluorescent protein-coupled BMP2 was applied to fabricate the scaffold. The fluorescence intensity was analyzed by confocal microscopy. The mRNA levels of the early osteogenic differentiation marker, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Levels of BMP2, RUNX2, ERK1/2, and AKT were assessed by western blotting. Results ALP mRNA levels were significantly higher in the BCSP-conjugated scaffold than in the other scaffolds. In the early stage of osteogenic differentiation, the protein levels of BMP2, RUNX2, ERK1/2, and AKT in cells were significantly higher in the BCSP-conjugated scaffold than in other scaffolds. Thus, the BCSP composite scaffold induced rapid osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion These results suggest that BCSP composite can be used to promote early stage osteogenic differentiation and show promise as a material for use in scaffolds for bone regeneration.
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Blázquez-Medela AM, Jumabay M, Boström KI. Beyond the bone: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in adipose tissue. Obes Rev 2019; 20:648-658. [PMID: 30609449 PMCID: PMC6447448 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the same superfamily as related to transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), and activins. They were initially described as inducers of bone formation but are now known to be involved in morphogenetic activities and cell differentiation throughout the body, including the development of adipose tissue and adipogenic differentiation. BMP4 and BMP7 are the most studied BMPs in adipose tissue, with major roles in white adipogenesis and brown adipogenesis, respectively, but other BMPs such as BMP2, BMP6, and BMP8b as well as some inhibitors and modulators have been shown to also affect adipogenesis. It has become ever more important to understand adipose regulation, including the BMP pathways, in light of the strong links between obesity and metabolic and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize the available information on BMP signaling in adipose tissue using preferentially articles that have appeared in the last decade, which together demonstrate the importance of BMP signaling in adipose biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Blázquez-Medela
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Medet Jumabay
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Xie ZY, Wang P, Wu YF, Shen HY. Long non-coding RNA: The functional regulator of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:167-179. [PMID: 30949295 PMCID: PMC6441937 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a subset of multipotent stroma cells residing in various tissues of the body. Apart from supporting the hematopoietic stem cell niche, MSCs possess strong immunoregulatory ability and multiple differentiation potentials. These powerful capacities allow the extensive application of MSCs in clinical practice as an effective treatment for diseases. Therefore, illuminating the functional mechanism of MSCs will help to improve their curative effect and promote their clinical use. Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) is a novel class of noncoding RNA longer than 200 nt. Recently, multiple studies have demonstrated that LncRNA is widely involved in growth and development through controlling the fate of cells, including MSCs. In this review, we highlight the role of LncRNA in regulating the functions of MSCs and discuss their participation in the pathogenesis of diseases and clinical use in diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Feng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Yong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhao L, Zhang B, Wu F, Chen XH. Searching for perturbed biological pathways and genes through analyzing the expression profile changes in osteoclasts after treatment by bisphosphonates. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2541-2546. [PMID: 30906443 PMCID: PMC6425151 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Criticality pathways and genes related to osteoporosis were identified. We downloaded the expression data of osteoclasts treated with or without bisphosphonates and all human pathways from the public database. Gibbs sampling and Markov chain were performed to identify the disturbed pathways and the hub genes in the disturbed pathways. Pathways and genes with adjusted probability (αadj ) ≥0.75 were considered as the disturbed pathways and hub genes. We identified four disturbed pathways (Maturity onset diabetes of the young, Olfactory transduction, Cyanoamino acid metabolism, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism) and two hub genes (OR2A4 and NKX2-2) with αadj ≥0.75. The expression levels of these disturbed pathways and hub genes were downregulated in bisphosphonates group. In conclusion, four disturbed pathways and two hub genes related to osteoporosis were identified. These results give us a better understanding of the potential mechanism of bisphosphonate treatment and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, Shanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Huang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
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Mettl3 Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation and Alternative Splicing of Vegfa in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030551. [PMID: 30696066 PMCID: PMC6387109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can be a useful cell resource for developing biological treatment strategies for bone repair and regeneration, and their therapeutic applications hinge on an understanding of their physiological characteristics. N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal chemical modification of mRNAs and has recently been reported to play important roles in cell lineage differentiation and development. However, little is known about the role of m6A modification in the cell differentiation of BMSCs. To address this issue, we investigated the expression of N6-adenosine methyltransferases (Mettl3 and Mettl14) and demethylases (Fto and Alkbh5) and found that Mettl3 was upregulated in BMSCs undergoing osteogenic induction. Furthermore, we knocked down Mettl3 and demonstrated that Mettl3 knockdown decreased the expression of bone formation-related genes, such as Runx2 and Osterix. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the formation of mineralized nodules also decreased after Mettl3 knockdown. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that a vast number of genes affected by Mettl3 knockdown were associated with osteogenic differentiation and bone mineralization. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway appeared to be one of the most enriched pathways, and Western blotting results showed that Akt phosphorylation was significantly reduced after Mettl3 knockdown. Mettl3 has been reported to play an important role in regulating alternative splicing of mRNA in previous research. In this study, we found that Mettl3 knockdown not only reduced the expression of Vegfa but also decreased the level of its splice variants, vegfa-164 and vegfa-188, in Mettl3-deficient BMSCs. These findings might contribute to novel progress in understanding the role of epitranscriptomic regulation in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and provide a promising perspective for new therapeutic strategies for bone regeneration.
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Wang N, Xue P, Li Z, Li Y. IRS-1 increases TAZ expression and promotes osteogenic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.036194. [PMID: 30530508 PMCID: PMC6310895 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) inhibits or promotes the osteogenic proliferation and differentiation in vitro remains controversial. Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) plays a vital role in the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and strongly activates the expression of the osteogenic differentiation markers. In this study, we found that IRS-1 and TAZ followed similar increasing expression patterns at the early stage of osteogenic differentiation. Knocking down IRS-1 decreased the TAZ, RUNX2 and OCN expression, and overexpressing IRS induced the upregulation of the TAZ, RUNX2 and OCN expression. Furthermore, our results showed that it was LY294002 (the PI3K-Akt inhibitor), other than UO126 (the MEK-ERK inhibitor), that inhibited the IRS-1 induced upregulation of TAZ expression. Additionally, SiTAZ blocked the cell proliferation in G1 during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Taken together, we provided evidence to demonstrate that IRS-1 gene modification facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs by increasing TAZ expression through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China,Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China,Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China,Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China,Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China,Author for correspondence ()
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Sun Y, Tan J, Yin X, Wu B, Feng B. Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation by Affinity Peptides of TGF-β1 Identified via Phage Display Technology. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2552-2562. [PMID: 33435118 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a dual role in bone formation. In addition to promoting early differentiation of osteogenesis, it may also lead to uncontrolled extracellular matrix synthesis, inhibition of bone mineralization in the late stage, and aberrant bone remodeling. In this work, affinity peptides of TGF-β1 (Tβms) were identified from a phage display library to modify the TGF-β1 signal transduction. Tβms with more order and compact structures tended to have a higher affinity to TGF-β1 but maintained a greater immunoreactivity of TGF-β1. Tβms promoted the early osteoblast proliferation and had a negligible effect on the osteoblast differentiation. In synergy with exogenous TGF-β1, Tβms reduced the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA expression but significantly improved the expression of osteocalcin (OCN), along with impaired phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Moreover, osteoblasts showed an overall increase in ALP activity and Ca deposition than the blank control. These results demonstrated that Tβms could weaken the inhibition of TGF-β1 on osteogenic differentiation in the late stage. Depending on the impact features of Tβms on TGF-β1 response, these peptides may help to modify the implant surfaces to optimize the bone remodeling of interface, and be of interest in design of multidomain peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jing Tan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Baohua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Stem Cell and Obesity: Current State and Future Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1089:1-22. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Hu C, Li L. Preconditioning influences mesenchymal stem cell properties in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1428-1442. [PMID: 29392844 PMCID: PMC5824372 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Various diseases and toxic factors easily impair cellular and organic functions in mammals. Organ transplantation is used to rescue organ function, but is limited by scarce resources. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy carries promising potential in regenerative medicine because of the self-renewal and multilineage potency of MSCs; however, MSCs may lose biological functions after isolation and cultivation for a long time in vitro. Moreover, after they are injected in vivo and migrate into the damaged tissues or organs, they encounter a harsh environment coupled with death signals due to the inadequate tensegrity structure between the cells and matrix. Preconditioning, genetic modification and optimization of MSC culture conditions are key strategies to improve MSC functions in vitro and in vivo, and all of these procedures will contribute to improving MSC transplantation efficacy in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Preconditioning with various physical, chemical and biological factors is possible to preserve the stemness of MSCs for further application in studies and clinical tests. In this review, we mainly focus on preconditioning and the corresponding mechanisms for improving MSC activities in vitro and in vivo; we provide a glimpse into the promotion of MSC-based cell therapy development for regenerative medicine. As a promising consequence, MSC transplantation can be applied for the treatment of some terminal diseases and can prolong the survival time of patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of MedicineFirst Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of MedicineFirst Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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45
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Zaiou M, El Amri H, Bakillah A. The clinical potential of adipogenesis and obesity-related microRNAs. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:91-111. [PMID: 29170059 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem commonly associated with numerous metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and some forms of cancer. The burden of obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases are believed to arise through complex interplay between genetics and epigenetics predisposition, nutrition, environment, and lifestyle. However, the molecular basis and the repertoire of obesity-affecting factors are still unknown. Emerging evidence is connecting microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation with adipogenesis and obesity. Alteration in miRNAs expression could result in changes in the pattern of genes controlling a range of biological processes including inflammation, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and adipogenesis. Hence, understanding exact roles of miRNAs as well as the degree of their contribution to the regulation of adipogenesis and fat cell development in obesity would provide new therapeutic targets for the development of novel and effective anti-obesity drugs. The objective of the current review is to: (i) discuss some of the latest development on relevant miRNAs dysregulation mainly in human adipogenesis and obesity, (ii) emphasize the role of circulating miRNAs as new promising therapeutics and attractive potential biomarkers for treating obesity and associated risk factor diseases, (iii) describe how dietary factors may influence obesity through modulation of miRNAs expression, (iv) highlight some of the actual limitations to the promise of miRNAs as novel therapeutics as well as to their translation for the benefit of patients, and finally (v) provide recommendations for future research on miRNA-based therapeutics that could lead to a breakthrough in the treatment of obesity and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zaiou
- Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Albert Lebrun, 54000, Nancy, France.
| | - H El Amri
- Laboratoire de Génétique de la Gendarmerie Royale, Avenue Ibn Sina, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Bakillah
- State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
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46
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New insights into the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas for the treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12:14. [PMID: 28127706 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-016-0301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by an increasing osseous fragility and fracture resulting from the low mass and deteriorated microarchitecture in the bone tissue. The hormone replacement therapy and alendronate were frequently used to treat osteoporosis as the primary therapeutic strategy, but their adverse effects have severely limited their extensive clinical application, therefore, it is urgent to develop alternative or complementary therapeutic agents for anti-osteoporosis. Interestingly, with more people focusing on the complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese herbs and formulas are being gradually recognized as safe and effective agents in the treatment of osteoporosis. In particular, a notable trend is that increasing studies are making efforts to clarify the anti-osteoporotic effects and mechanism of the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas, a category of agents identified as effective therapy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas that have been reported in the treatment of osteoporosis as well as how the agents play their roles in detail. This current study not only will advance our understanding of the actions of tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas, but also provide new evidence for the clinic use of the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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MGF E peptide pretreatment improves the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via MEK-ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt pathway under severe hypoxia. Life Sci 2017; 189:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Casado-Díaz A, Anter J, Müller S, Winter P, Quesada-Gómez JM, Dorado G. Transcriptomic analyses of the anti-adipogenic effects of oleuropein in human mesenchymal stem cells. Food Funct 2017; 8:1254-1270. [PMID: 28243663 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil has positive effects on health. Oleuropein is a polyphenolic compound present in olive-tree leaves, fruits (olives) and olive oil. It is responsible for the relevant organoleptic and biological properties of olive oil, including antiadipogenic properties. Thus, the effects of oleuropein on the adipogenesis of human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells were studied by transcriptomics and differential gene-expression analyses. Oleuropein could upregulate expression of 60% of adipogenesis-repressed genes. Besides, it could activate signaling pathways such as Rho and β-catenin, maintaining cells at an undifferentiated stage. Our data suggest that mitochondrial activity is reduced by oleuropein, mostly during adipogenic differentiation. These results shed light on oleuropein activity on cells, with potential application as a "nutraceutical" for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as obesity and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain. and CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Spain
| | - Jaouad Anter
- Dep. Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales C5-1-O1, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sören Müller
- GenXPro, Altenhoferallee 3, 60438 Frankfurt Main, Germany
| | - Peter Winter
- GenXPro, Altenhoferallee 3, 60438 Frankfurt Main, Germany
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain. and CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain and CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Spain
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49
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Mahdy MAA, Warita K, Hosaka YZ. Effects of transforming growth factor-β1 treatment on muscle regeneration and adipogenesis in glycerol-injured muscle. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1811-1819. [PMID: 28585769 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is associated with fibrosis in many organs. Recent studies demonstrated that delivery of TGF-β1 into chemically injured muscle enhances fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous TGF-β1 on muscle regeneration and adipogenesis in glycerol-injured muscle of normal mice. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were injured by glycerol injection. TGF-β1 was either co-injected with glycerol, as an 'early treatment' group, or injected at day 4 after glycerol, as a 'late treatment' group and the TA muscles were collected at day 7 after initial injury. Myotube density was significantly lower in the early treatment group than in the glycerol-injured group (without TGF-β1 treatment). Moreover, the Oil red O-positive area was significantly smaller in the early treatment group than in the late treatment group and glycerol-injured group. Furthermore, TGF-β1 treatment increased endomysial fibrosis and induced immunostaining of α-smooth muscle actin. The greater inhibitory effects of early TGF-β1 treatment than that of late TGF-β1 treatment during regeneration in glycerol-injured muscle suggest a more potent effect of TGF-β1 on the initial stage of muscle regeneration and adipogenesis. Combination of TGF-β1 with glycerol might be an alternative to enhance muscle fibrosis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Mahdy
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Warita
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Z Hosaka
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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50
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Sun X, Xie Z, Ma Y, Pan X, Wang J, Chen Z, Shi P. TGF-β inhibits osteogenesis by upregulating the expression of ubiquitin ligase SMURF1 via MAPK-ERK signaling. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:596-606. [PMID: 28322449 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High incidence of osteoporotic fractures emphasizes the necessity of developing effective measures to promote osteogenesis. In our study, we investigated a possible role of MAPK-ERK signaling in the TGF-β-mediated osteoblastic differentiation. Our results indicated that TGF-β activated the MAPK-ERK pathway and inhibited osteogenesis in mesenchymal pluripotent cell line, C3H10T1/2, and preosteoblastic cell line, MC3T3 cells. And the downregulation of MAPK-ERK signaling using pharmacological inhibitor U0126 and RNA interference rescued osteoblast differentiation suppressed by TGF-β, which was confirmed by Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarrn red staining, and the enhanced expression of osteogenesic markers. Western blotting analysis indicated that TGF-β induced protein expression of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF1, which contributed to the degradation of RUNX2 and SMAD1 as evidenced by SMURF1 inhibition using RNA interference and proteasome inhibitor MG132. Moreover, we observed that the expression of SMURF1 was decreased, while that of SMAD1 and RUNX2 increased by MAPK-ERK inhibitor U0126 in TGF-β-treated differentiating preosteoblasts, suggesting that MAPK-ERK regulated the transcription of osteogenesis-related genes. Furthermore, a synergistic effect between U0126 and bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation was observed both in cell cultures and experimental animals. In conclusion, our results revealed that TGF-β inhibited osteoblastic differentiation by inducing the MAPK-ERK pathway which upregulated the expression of ubiquitin ligase SMURF1 and resulted in reduced presence of osteogenic proteins. In addition, the potentiation of BMP-2 on osteogenic activity by ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 suggests that it may have potential clinical utility for promoting osteogenesis in bone fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiying Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peihua Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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