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Al Jaf AIA, Peria S, Fabiano T, Ragnini-Wilson A. Remyelinating Drugs at a Crossroad: How to Improve Clinical Efficacy and Drug Screenings. Cells 2024; 13:1326. [PMID: 39195216 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Axons wrapped around the myelin sheath enable fast transmission of neuronal signals in the Central Nervous System (CNS). Unfortunately, myelin can be damaged by injury, viral infection, and inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Remyelination is a spontaneous process that can restore nerve conductivity and thus movement and cognition after a demyelination event. Cumulative evidence indicates that remyelination can be pharmacologically stimulated, either by targeting natural inhibitors of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs) differentiation or by reactivating quiescent Neural Stem Cells (qNSCs) proliferation and differentiation in myelinating Oligodendrocytes (OLs). Although promising results were obtained in animal models for demyelination diseases, none of the compounds identified have passed all the clinical stages. The significant number of patients who could benefit from remyelination therapies reinforces the urgent need to reassess drug selection approaches and develop strategies that effectively promote remyelination. Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven technologies with patient-derived cell-based assays and organoid models is expected to lead to novel strategies and drug screening pipelines to achieve this goal. In this review, we explore the current literature on these technologies and their potential to enhance the identification of more effective drugs for clinical use in CNS remyelination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aland Ibrahim Ahmed Al Jaf
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Peria
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fabiano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonella Ragnini-Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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2
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Nocera S, Marchena MA, Fernández-Gómez B, Gómez-Martín P, Sánchez-Jiménez E, Macías-Castellano A, Laó Y, Cordano C, Gómez-Torres Ó, Luján R, de Castro F. Activation of Shh/Smo is sufficient to maintain oligodendrocyte precursor cells in an undifferentiated state and is not necessary for myelin formation and (re)myelination. Glia 2024; 72:1469-1483. [PMID: 38771121 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Myelination is the terminal step in a complex and precisely timed program that orchestrates the proliferation, migration and differentiation of oligodendroglial cells. It is thought that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) acting on Smoothened (Smo) participates in regulating this process, but that these effects are highly context dependent. Here, we investigate oligodendroglial development and remyelination from three specific transgenic lines: NG2-CreERT2 (control), Smofl/fl/NG2-CreERT2 (loss of function), and SmoM2/NG2-CreERT2 (gain of function), as well as pharmacological manipulation that enhance or inhibit the Smo pathway (Smoothened Agonist (SAG) or cyclopamine treatment, respectively). To explore the effects of Shh/Smo on differentiation and myelination in vivo, we developed a highly quantifiable model by transplanting oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the retina. We find that myelination is greatly enhanced upon cyclopamine treatment and hypothesize that Shh/Smo could promote OPC proliferation to subsequently inhibit differentiation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that the genetic activation of Smo significantly increased numbers of OPCs and decreased oligodendrocyte differentiation when we examined the corpus callosum during development and after cuprizone demyelination and remyelination. However, upon loss of function with the conditional ablation of Smo, myelination in the same scenarios are unchanged. Taken together, our present findings suggest that the Shh pathway is sufficient to maintain OPCs in an undifferentiated state, but is not necessary for myelination and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nocera
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Marchena
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud de la UCJC, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
- NeuroLab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paula Gómez-Martín
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Yolanda Laó
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Cordano
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health. University of Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Óscar Gómez-Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Rafael Luján
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Fernando de Castro
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Rogujski P, Lukomska B, Janowski M, Stanaszek L. Glial-restricted progenitor cells: a cure for diseased brain? Biol Res 2024; 57:8. [PMID: 38475854 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is home to neuronal and glial cells. Traditionally, glia was disregarded as just the structural support across the brain and spinal cord, in striking contrast to neurons, always considered critical players in CNS functioning. In modern times this outdated dogma is continuously repelled by new evidence unravelling the importance of glia in neuronal maintenance and function. Therefore, glia replacement has been considered a potentially powerful therapeutic strategy. Glial progenitors are at the center of this hope, as they are the source of new glial cells. Indeed, sophisticated experimental therapies and exciting clinical trials shed light on the utility of exogenous glia in disease treatment. Therefore, this review article will elaborate on glial-restricted progenitor cells (GRPs), their origin and characteristics, available sources, and adaptation to current therapeutic approaches aimed at various CNS diseases, with particular attention paid to myelin-related disorders with a focus on recent progress and emerging concepts. The landscape of GRP clinical applications is also comprehensively presented, and future perspectives on promising, GRP-based therapeutic strategies for brain and spinal cord diseases are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rogujski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luiza Stanaszek
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Xu J, Wang R, Luo W, Mao X, Gao H, Feng X, Chen G, Yang Z, Deng W, Nie Y. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell-specific delivery of lipid nanoparticles loaded with Olig2 synthetically modified messenger RNA for ischemic stroke therapy. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:297-313. [PMID: 38096960 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Olig2 is highly expressed throughout oligodendroglial development and is needed for the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into oligodendrocytes and remyelination. Although Olig2 overexpression in OPCs is a possible therapeutic target for enhancing myelin repair in ischemic stroke, achieving Olig2 overexpression in vivo remains a formidable technological challenge. To address this challenge, we employed lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mediated delivery of Olig2 synthetically modified messenger RNA (mRNA) as a viable method for in vivo Olih2 protein overexpression. Specifically, we developed CD140a-targeted LNPs loaded with Olig2 mRNA (C-Olig2) to achieve targeted Olig2 protein expression within PDGFRα+ OPCs, with the goal of promoting remyelination for ischemic stroke therapy. We show that C-Olig2 promotes the differentiation of PDGFRα+ OPCs derived from mouse neural stem cells into mature oligodendrocytes in vitro, suggesting that mRNA-mediated Olig2 overexpression is a rational approach to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination. Furthermore, when C-Olig2 was administered to a murine model of ischemic stroke, it led to improvements in blood‒brain barrier (BBB) integrity, enhanced remyelination, and rescued learning and cognitive deficits. Our comprehensive analysis, which included bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq), revealed upregulated biological processes related to learning and memory in the brains of mice treated with C-Olig2 compared to those receiving empty LNPs (Mock). Collectively, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of multifunctional nanomedicine targeting mRNA expression for ischemic stroke and suggest that this approach holds promise for addressing various brain diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: While Olig2 overexpression in OPCs represents a promising therapeutic avenue for enhancing remyelination in ischemic stroke, in vivo strategies for achieving Olig2 expression pose considerable technological challenges. The delivery of mRNA via lipid nanoparticles is considered aa viable approach for in vivo protein expression. In this study, we engineered CD140a-targeted LNPs loaded with Olig2 mRNA (C-Olig2) with the aim of achieving specific Olig2 overexpression in mouse OPCs. Our findings demonstrate that C-Olig2 promotes the differentiation of OPCs into oligodendrocytes in vitro, providing evidence that mRNA-mediated Olig2 overexpression is a rational strategy to foster remyelination. Furthermore, the intravenous administration of C-Olig2 into a murine model of ischemic stroke not only improved blood-brain barrier integrity but also enhanced remyelination and mitigated learning and cognitive deficits. These results underscore the promising therapeutic potential of multifunctional nanomedicine targeting mRNA expression in the context of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Stroke center, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Stroke center, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China; Clinical Research Institute, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Clinical Research Institute, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xiaofan Mao
- Clinical Research Institute, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xinwei Feng
- Stroke center, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Department of General Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Stroke center, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Yichu Nie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Clinical Research Institute, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China.
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5
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Zolfaghari Baghbadorani P, Rayati Damavandi A, Moradi S, Ahmadi M, Bemani P, Aria H, Mottedayyen H, Rayati Damavandi A, Eskandari N, Fathi F. Current advances in stem cell therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:613-633. [PMID: 36496351 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease related to the central nervous system (CNS) with a significant global burden. In this illness, the immune system plays an essential role in its pathophysiology and progression. The currently available treatments are not recognized as curable options and, at best, might slow the progression of MS injuries to the CNS. However, stem cell treatment has provided a new avenue for treating MS. Stem cells may enhance CNS healing and regulate immunological responses. Likewise, stem cells can come from various sources, including adipose, neuronal, bone marrow, and embryonic tissues. Choosing the optimal cell source for stem cell therapy is still a difficult verdict. A type of stem cell known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is obtainable from different sources and has a strong immunomodulatory impact on the immune system. According to mounting data, the umbilical cord and adipose tissue may serve as appropriate sources for the isolation of MSCs. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), as novel stem cell sources with immune-regulatory effects, regenerative properties, and decreased antigenicity, can also be thought of as a new upcoming contender for MS treatment. Overall, the administration of stem cells in different sets of animal and clinical trials has shown immunomodulatory and neuroprotective results. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different types of stem cells by focusing on MSCs and their mechanisms, which can be used to treat and improve the outcomes of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Exceptional Talents Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvrd, Vesal Shirazi St., Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Samira Moradi
- School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Chamran Blvrd., Hormozgan 7919693116, Bandar Abbass, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Zand St., Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Ibn Sina Sq., Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Hossein Mottedayyen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ravandi Blvrd, Isfahan, Kashan 8715988141, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Rayati Damavandi
- Student's Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yakhchal St., Tehran 193951498, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farshid Fathi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
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von der Bey M, De Cicco S, Zach S, Hengerer B, Ercan-Herbst E. Three-dimensional co-culture platform of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte lineage cells and neurons for studying myelination. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102164. [PMID: 36933222 PMCID: PMC10034497 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing an in vitro platform to study neuron-oligodendrocyte interaction, particularly myelination, is essential to understand aberrant myelination in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we provide a controlled, direct co-culture protocol for human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons and oligodendrocytes on three-dimensional (3D) nanomatrix plates. We describe steps to differentiate hiPSCs into cortical neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells on 3D nanofibers. We then detail the detachment and isolation of the oligodendrocyte lineage cells, followed by neuron-oligodendrocyte co-culture in this 3D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina von der Bey
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Ulm University, N27, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Silvia De Cicco
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Zach
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Bastian Hengerer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ebru Ercan-Herbst
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Moyon S, Holloman M, Salzer JL. Neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells compete for remyelination in the corpus callosum. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1114781. [PMID: 36779010 PMCID: PMC9909070 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1114781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A major therapeutic goal in demyelinating diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis, is to improve remyelination, thereby restoring effective axon conduction and preventing neurodegeneration. In the adult central nervous system (CNS), parenchymal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (pOPCs) and, to a lesser extent, pre-existing oligodendrocytes (OLs) and oligodendrocytes generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) are capable of forming new myelin sheaths. Due to their self-renewal capabilities and the ability of their progeny to migrate widely within the CNS, NSCs represent an additional source of remyelinating cells that may be targeted to supplement repair by pOPCs. However, in demyelinating disorders and disease models, the NSC contribution to myelin repair is modest and most evident in regions close to the SVZ. We hypothesized that NSC-derived cells may compete with OPCs to remyelinate the same axons, with pOPCs serving as the primary remyelinating cells due to their widespread distribution within the adult CNS, thereby limiting the contribution of NSC-progeny. Here, we have used a dual reporter, genetic fate mapping strategy, to characterize the contribution of pOPCs and NSC-derived OLs to remyelination after cuprizone-induced demyelination. We confirmed that, while pOPCs are the main remyelinating cells in the corpus callosum, NSC-derived cells are also activated and recruited to demyelinating lesions. Blocking pOPC differentiation genetically, resulted in a significant increase in the recruitment NSC-derived cells into the demyelinated corpus callosum and their differentiation into OLs. These results strongly suggest that pOPCs and NSC-progeny compete to repair white matter lesions. They underscore the potential significance of targeting NSCs to improve repair when the contribution of pOPCs is insufficient to affect full remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moyon
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mara Holloman
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - James L. Salzer
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Zhang C, Xue P, Zhang H, Tan C, Zhao S, Li X, Sun L, Zheng H, Wang J, Zhang B, Lang W. Gut brain interaction theory reveals gut microbiota mediated neurogenesis and traditional Chinese medicine research strategies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1072341. [PMID: 36569198 PMCID: PMC9772886 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1072341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is the process of differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons and glial cells in certain areas of the adult brain. Defects in neurogenesis can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, mental disorders, and other maladies. This process is directionally regulated by transcription factors, the Wnt and Notch pathway, the extracellular matrix, and various growth factors. External factors like stress, physical exercise, diet, medications, etc., affect neurogenesis and the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota may affect NSCs through vagal, immune and chemical pathways, and other pathways. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proven to affect NSCs proliferation and differentiation and can regulate the abundance and metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these factors regulate neurogenesis through the gut microbiota are not fully understood. In this review, we describe the recent evidence on the role of the gut microbiota in neurogenesis. Moreover, we hypothesize on the characteristics of the microbiota-gut-brain axis based on bacterial phyla, including microbiota's metabolites, and neuronal and immune pathways while providing an outlook on TCM's potential effects on adult neurogenesis by regulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chenxi Tan
- Department of Infection Control, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shiyao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lihui Sun
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Huihui Zheng
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Academic Affairs Office, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Baoling Zhang
- Department of Operating Room, Qiqihar First Hospital, Qiqihar, China
| | - Weiya Lang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China,*Correspondence: Weiya Lang,
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9
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Rapid differentiation of hiPSCs into functional oligodendrocytes using an OLIG2 synthetic modified messenger RNA. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1095. [PMID: 36241911 PMCID: PMC9568531 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) have been introduced to drive the highly efficient differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into lineage-specific oligodendrocytes (OLs). However, effective strategies currently rely mainly on genome-integrating viruses. Here we show that a synthetic modified messenger RNA (smRNA)-based reprogramming method that leads to the generation of transgene-free OLs has been developed. An smRNA encoding a modified form of OLIG2, in which the serine 147 phosphorylation site is replaced with alanine, OLIG2S147A, is designed to reprogram hiPSCs into OLs. We demonstrate that repeated administration of the smRNA encoding OLIG2S147A lead to higher and more stable protein expression. Using the single-mutant OLIG2 smRNA morphogen, we establish a 6-day smRNA transfection protocol, and glial induction lead to rapid NG2+ OL progenitor cell (OPC) generation (>70% purity) from hiPSC. The smRNA-induced NG2+ OPCs can mature into functional OLs in vitro and promote remyelination in vivo. Taken together, we present a safe and efficient smRNA-driven strategy for hiPSC differentiation into OLs, which may be utilized for therapeutic OPC/OL transplantation in patients with neurodegenerative disease. The use of synthetic modified messenger RNA (smRNA) allows for the differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into lineage-specific oligodendrocytes.
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10
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Zou Y, Yuan Z, Sun Y, Zhai M, Tan Z, Guan R, Aschner M, Luo W, Zhang J. Resetting Proteostasis of CIRBP with ISRIB Suppresses Neural Stem Cell Apoptosis under Hypoxic Exposure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3627026. [PMID: 36211820 PMCID: PMC9546721 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3627026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are often progressive and lead to disabilities with limited available therapies. Epidemiological evidence implicated that prolonged exposure to hypoxia leads to neurological damage and a plethora of complications. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a promising tool for neurological damage therapy in terms of their unique properties. However, the literature on the outcome of NSCs exposed to severe hypoxia is scarce. In this study, we identified a responsive gene that reacts to multiple cellular stresses, marked cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP), which could attenuate NSC apoptosis under hypoxic pressure. Interestingly, ISRIB, a small-molecule modulator of the PERK-ATF4 signaling pathway, could prevent the reduction and apoptosis of NSCs in two steps: enhancing the expression of CIRBP through the protein kinase R- (PKR-) like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) axis. Taken together, CIRBP was found to be a critical factor that could protect NSCs against apoptosis induced by hypoxia, and ISRIB could be acted upstream of the axis and may be recruited as an open potential therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat hypoxia-induced brain hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankang Zou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ziyan Yuan
- Institute of Medical Information and Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Maodeng Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhice Tan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ruili Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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11
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In-vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into spinal cord neural stem cells. Neuroreport 2022; 33:518-525. [PMID: 35882016 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In-vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into spinal cord neural stem cells (NSCs) can help researchers better understand the cellular processes associated with spinal cord development and regeneration, and provide therapeutic strategies for spinal cord disorders. However, effective and consistent methods for the generation of human spinal cord NSCs are rare. Objective of the study is to establish methods for the in-vitro induction and long-term maintenance of human spinal cord NSCs. H9 cells were treated with neural induction medium for 10 days under single-cell seeding condition, followed by treatment with neural maintenance medium and replacement with NSC medium after five passages. The identity of the generated cells was determined by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) assays. After the neural induction, OCT4, an embryonic stem cell marker, was significantly reduced, whereas NESTIN and PAX6, two NSC markers, were clearly increased. After the neural maintenance, most of the H9-derived cells consistently expressed NESTIN and PAX6 together with SOX1 and HOXC9, two spinal cord markers. The Homer known motif enrichment results of the CUT&Tag assay confirmed the expression of HOXC9 in the H9-derived spinal cord NSCs, which can be maintained for more than 40 days under an in vitro culture system. This study sheds new light on effective induction and maintenance of human spinal cord NSCs.
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12
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Fang M, Tang T, Qiu M, Xu X. Hedgehog Signaling in CNS Remyelination. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142260. [PMID: 35883703 PMCID: PMC9320235 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination is a fundamental repair process in the central nervous system (CNS) that is triggered by demyelinating events. In demyelinating diseases, oligodendrocytes (OLs) are targeted, leading to myelin loss, axonal damage, and severe functional impairment. While spontaneous remyelination often fails in the progression of demyelinating diseases, increased understanding of the mechanisms and identification of targets that regulate myelin regeneration becomes crucial. To date, several signaling pathways have been implicated in the remyelination process, including the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. This review summarizes the current data concerning the complicated roles of the Hh signaling pathway in the context of remyelination. We will highlight the open issues that have to be clarified prior to bringing molecules targeting the Hh signaling to demyelinating therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxi Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Basic Medicial Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (M.Q.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;
- Correspondence: (M.Q.); (X.X.)
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13
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Promoting Oligodendrocyte Differentiation from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Activating Endocannabinoid Signaling for Treating Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:3033-3049. [PMID: 35725998 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) at the injury site is being developed as a potential therapeutic strategy for promoting remyelination and locomotor function recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). To this end, the development of expandable and functional human OPCs is crucial for testing their efficacy in SCI. In mice and rats, the endocannabinoid signaling system is crucial for the survival, differentiation, and maturation of OPCs. Similar studies in humans are lacking currently. Endocannabinoids and exogenous cannabinoids exert their effects mainly via cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R). We demonstrated that these receptors were differentially expressed in iPSC-derived human NSCs and OPCs, and they could be activated by WIN55212-2 (WIN), a potent CB1R/CB2R agonist to upregulate the endocannabinoid signaling during glial induction. WIN primed NSCs generated more OLIG2 + glial progenitors and migratory PDGFRα + OPC in a CB1/CB2 dependent manner compared to unprimed NSCs. Furthermore, WIN-induced OPCs (WIN-OPCs) robustly differentiated into functional oligodendrocytes and myelinate in vitro and in vivo in a mouse spinal cord injury model. RNA-Seq revealed that WIN upregulated the biological process of positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Mechanistically, WIN could act as a partial smoothed (SMO) inhibitor or activate CB1/CB2 to form heteromeric complexes with SMO leading to the inhibition of GLI1 in the Sonic hedgehog pathway. The partial and temporal inhibition of GLI1 during glial induction is shown to promote OPCs that differentiate faster than control's. Thus, CB1R/CB2R activation results in more efficient generation of OPCs that can mature and efficiently myelinate.
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14
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Pavlova G, Kolesnikova V, Samoylenkova N, Drozd S, Revishchin A, Shamadykova D, Usachev DY, Kopylov A. A Combined Effect of G-Quadruplex and Neuro-Inducers as an Alternative Approach to Human Glioblastoma Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880740. [PMID: 35586496 PMCID: PMC9109612 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell reprogramming based on treatment with G-quadruplex, having antiproliferative power, along with small molecules able to develop iPSCs into neurons, could create a novel approach to diminish the chance of glioblastoma recurrence and circumvent tumor resistance to conventional therapy. In this research, we have tested several combinations of factors to affect both total cell cultures, derived from tumor tissue of patients after surgical resection and two subfractions of this cell culture after dividing them into CD133-enriched and CD133-depleted populations (assuming CD133 to be a marker of glioblastoma stem-like cells). CD133+ and CD133− cells exhibit different responses to the same combinations of factors; CD133+ cells have stem-like properties and are more resistant. Therefore, the ability to affect CD133+ cells provides a possibility to circumvent resistance to conventional therapy and to build a promising strategy for translation to improve the treatment of patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Pavlova
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Genetics Development, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia.,Federal State Autonomous Institution «N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Varvara Kolesnikova
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Genetics Development, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Samoylenkova
- Federal State Autonomous Institution «N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Drozd
- Federal State Autonomous Institution «N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Revishchin
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Genetics Development, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dzhirgala Shamadykova
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Genetics Development, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Y Usachev
- Federal State Autonomous Institution «N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Kopylov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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15
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The Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Modulates Survival, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells under Inflammatory Stress In Vitro. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040736. [PMID: 35203385 PMCID: PMC8869809 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog protein (Shh) has been extensively researched since its discovery in 1980. Its crucial role in early neurogenesis and endogenous stem cells of mature brains, as well as its recently described neuroprotective features, implicate further important effects on neuronal homeostasis. Here, we investigate its potential role in the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neural precursors cells (NPCs) under inflammatory stress as a potential adjunct for NPC-transplantation strategies in spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. To this end, we simulated an inflammatory environment in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and induced the Shh-pathway using recombinant Shh or blocked it using Cyclopamine, a potent Smo inhibitor. We found that Shh mediates the proliferation and neuronal differentiation potential of NPCs in vitro, even in an inflammatory stress environment mimicking the subacute phase after SCI. At the same time, our results indicate that a reduction of the Shh-pathway activation by blockage with Cyclopamine is associated with reduced NPC-survival, reduced neuronal differentiation and increased astroglial differentiation. Shh might thus, play a role in endogenous NPC-mediated neuroregeneration or even be a potent conjunct to NPC-based therapies in the inflammatory environment after SCI.
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16
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Del Giovane A, Russo M, Tirou L, Faure H, Ruat M, Balestri S, Sposato C, Basoli F, Rainer A, Kassoussi A, Traiffort E, Ragnini-Wilson A. Smoothened/AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Oligodendroglial Cell Maturation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:801704. [PMID: 35082605 PMCID: PMC8784884 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.801704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of myelin is known to restore axonal conduction velocity after a demyelinating event. Remyelination failure in the central nervous system contributes to the severity and progression of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Remyelination is controlled by many signaling pathways, such as the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway, as shown by the canonical activation of its key effector Smoothened (Smo), which increases the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via the upregulation of the transcription factor Gli1. On the other hand, the inhibition of Gli1 was also found to promote the recruitment of a subset of adult neural stem cells and their subsequent differentiation into oligodendrocytes. Since Smo is also able to transduce Shh signals via various non-canonical pathways such as the blockade of Gli1, we addressed the potential of non-canonical Smo signaling to contribute to oligodendroglial cell maturation in myelinating cells using the non-canonical Smo agonist GSA-10, which downregulates Gli1. Using the Oli-neuM cell line, we show that GSA-10 promotes Gli2 upregulation, MBP and MAL/OPALIN expression via Smo/AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) signaling, and efficiently increases the number of axonal contact/ensheathment for each oligodendroglial cell. Moreover, GSA-10 promotes the recruitment and differentiation of oligodendroglial progenitors into the demyelinated corpus callosum in vivo. Altogether, our data indicate that non-canonical signaling involving Smo/AMPK modulation and Gli1 downregulation promotes oligodendroglia maturation until axon engagement. Thus, GSA-10, by activation of this signaling pathway, represents a novel potential remyelinating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Del Giovane
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Russo
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Linda Tirou
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Hélène Faure
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Martial Ruat
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sonia Balestri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Sposato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Basoli
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Elisabeth Traiffort
- INSERM, U1195, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- *Correspondence: Elisabeth Traiffort,
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17
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Chen A, Chen X, Deng J, Zheng X. Research advances in the role of endogenous neurogenesis on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:986452. [PMID: 36299701 PMCID: PMC9589272 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.986452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is the main cause of perinatal mortality and neurologic complications in neonates, but it remains difficult to cure due to scarce treatments and complex molecular mechanisms remaining incompletely explained. Recent, mounting evidence shows that endogenous neurogenesis can improve neonatal neurological dysfunction post-HIBD. However, the capacity for spontaneous endogenous neurogenesis is limited and insufficient for replacing neurons lost to brain damage. Therefore, it is of great clinical value and social significance to seek therapeutic techniques that promote endogenous neurogenesis, to reduce neonatal neurological dysfunction from HIBD. This review summarizes the known neuroprotective effects of, and treatments targeting, endogenous neurogenesis following neonatal HIBD, to provide available targets and directions and a theoretical basis for the treatment of neonatal neurological dysfunction from HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Co-Constructed Laboratory of "Belt and Road", Fuzhou, China
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18
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Samanta J, Silva HM, Lafaille JJ, Salzer JL. Transcriptomic analysis of loss of Gli1 in neural stem cells responding to demyelination in the mouse brain. Sci Data 2021; 8:278. [PMID: 34711861 PMCID: PMC8553940 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, Gli1 expressing neural stem cells reside in the subventricular zone and their progeny are recruited to sites of demyelination in the white matter where they generate new oligodendrocytes, the myelin forming cells. Remarkably, genetic loss or pharmacologic inhibition of Gli1 enhances the efficacy of remyelination by these neural stem cells. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of this Gli1-pool of neural stem cells. We compared murine NSCs with either intact or deficient Gli1 expression from adult mice on a control diet or on a cuprizone diet which induces widespread demyelination. These data will be a valuable resource for identifying therapeutic targets for enhancing remyelination in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Samanta
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Hernandez Moura Silva
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Juan J Lafaille
- The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - James L Salzer
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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19
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ArefNezhad R, Motedayyen H, Mohammadi A. Therapeutic Aspects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cell Therapy with a Focus on Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: A Mechanistic Review. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:241-251. [PMID: 34158417 PMCID: PMC8429946 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of central nervous system (CNS). The mmune system plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Current treatments are unable to cure patients and prevent the progression of MS lesions. Stem cell-based cell therapy has opened a new window for MS treatment. Stem cells regulate immune responses and improve axonal remyelination. Stem cells can be obtained from different origins such as embryonic, neural, bone marrow, and adipose tissues. But yet there is a challenge for the selection of the best cell source for stem cell therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of stem cell obtained from different origins and have significant immunomodulatory effects on the immune system. The increasing evidence have suggested that umbilical cord and adipose tissue can be a suitable source for isolation of MSCs. Moreover, human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) as novel stem cell origins by having immunoregulatory effects, regenerative effects, and less capacity of antigenicity can be a candidate for MS treatment. This review discussed the mechanistic effects of MSCs with a focus on human amniotic epithelial cells, which can be used to treatment and improvement of outcome in MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza ArefNezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Cell Biology and Molecular-Genetics Department, Marand Azad University, Marand, Iran
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20
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Yang C, Qi Y, Sun Z. The Role of Sonic Hedgehog Pathway in the Development of the Central Nervous System and Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:711710. [PMID: 34307464 PMCID: PMC8295685 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway affects neurogenesis and neural patterning during the development of the central nervous system. Dysregulation of the SHH pathway in the brain contributes to aging-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. At present, the SHH signaling pathway can be divided into the canonical signaling pathway and non-canonical signaling pathway, which directly or indirectly mediates other related pathways involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, an in-depth knowledge of the SHH signaling pathway may open an avenue of possibilities for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the role and mechanism of the SHH signaling pathway in the development of the central nervous system and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will also highlight the potential of the SHH pathway as a therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhitang Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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21
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Zhou H, Lu S, Li K, Yang Y, Hu C, Wang Z, Wang Q, He Y, Wang X, Ye D, Guan Q, Zang J, Liu C, Qu S, Luan Z. Study on the Safety of Human Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Transplantation in Young Animals and Its Efficacy on Myelination. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:587-600. [PMID: 33823616 PMCID: PMC8165470 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) can differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes during embryonic development, thereby representing an important potential source for myelin repair or regeneration. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few OPCs from human sources (human-derived OPCs [hOPCs]). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and remyelination capacity of hOPCs developed in our laboratory, transplanted into the lateral ventricles of young animals. Several acute and chronic toxicity experiments were conducted in which different doses of hOPCs were transplanted into the lateral ventricles of Sprague–Dawley rats of different ages. The toxicity, biodistribution, and tumor formation ability of the injected hOPCs were examined by evaluating the rats' vital signs, developmental indicators, neural reflexes, as well as by hematology, immunology, and pathology. In addition, the hOPCs were transplanted into the corpus callosum of the shiverer mouse to verify cell myelination efficacy. Overall, our results show that transplanted hOPCs into young mice are nontoxic to their organ function or immune system. The transplanted cells engrafted in the brain and did not appear in other organs, nor did they cause tissue proliferation or tumor formation. In terms of efficacy, the transplanted hOPCs were able to form myelin in the corpus callosum, alleviate the trembling phenotype of shiverer mice, and promote normal development. The transplantation of hOPCs is safe; they can effectively form myelin in the brain, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the future clinical transplantation of hOPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhou
- The Second Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siliang Lu
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinxiang Yang
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyan Hu
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying He
- The Second Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- The Second Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dou Ye
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Guan
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zang
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Second Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Suqing Qu
- The Second Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zuo Luan
- The Second Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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22
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Bradbury AM, Ream MA. Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2021; 37:100876. [PMID: 33892849 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2021.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leukodystrophies and genetic leukoencephalopathies comprise a growing group of inherited white matter disorders. Diagnostic rates have improved with increased utilization of next generation sequencing. As treatment options continue to advance for leukodystrophies, so will candidacy for inclusion in the United States' newborn Recommended Universal Screening Panel as was achieved for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Stem cell therapies have become standard of care for selected leukodystrophies. However, transplantation-related risks remain high and outcomes are not fully satisfactory. Transduction of autologous hematopoietic stem cells with lentiviral vectors, referred to as ex vivo gene therapy, circumvents some, but not all, of the risks of traditional transplantation and has recently been demonstrated to be safe and efficective in clinical studies of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and metachromatic leukodystrophy. Gene therapy, through direct infusion of adeno-associated virus vectors, has emerged as a safer alternative for many monogenetic pediatric neurological disorders. Numerous preclinical studies have shown safety and efficacy of adeno-associated virus gene therapy in leukodystrophies allowing expanded access treatment for Canavan disease prior to initiation of a clinical trial. For inherited white matter disorders resulting from overexpression of a protein, such as Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, emerging RNA therapies have shown success in preclinical studies and promise for rapid translation to the clinic. Lastly, small molecule and protein therapies remain a long-term treatment option for a number of leukodystrophies, including intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy for metachromatic leukodystrophy. Herein we review recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of inherited white matter disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margie A Ream
- Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
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23
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Zhang L, Yang Y, Liao Z, Liu Q, Lei X, Li M, Saijilafu, Zhang Z, Hong D, Zhu M, Li B, Yang H, Chen J. Genetic and pharmacological activation of Hedgehog signaling inhibits osteoclastogenesis and attenuates titanium particle-induced osteolysis partly through suppressing the JNK/c-Fos-NFATc1 cascade. Theranostics 2020; 10:6638-6660. [PMID: 32550895 PMCID: PMC7295048 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) is a common long-term complication of total joint arthroplasty, and represents the major cause of aseptic loosening and subsequent implant failure. Previous studies have identified the central role of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in the pathogenesis of PPO. Thus, therapeutic approaches of inhibiting osteoclast formation and activity are considered to be of great potential to prevent and treat this osteolytic disease. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been shown to play an important role in promoting osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. While Hh signaling is also implicated in regulating osteoclastogenesis, whether it can directly inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption remains controversial. Moreover, its potential therapeutic effects on PPO have never been assessed. In this study, we explored the cell-autonomous role of Hh signaling in regulating osteoclastogenesis and its therapeutic potential in preventing wear particle-induced osteolysis. Methods: Hh signaling was activated in macrophages by genetically ablating Sufu in these cells using LysM-Cre or by treating them with purmorphamine (PM), a pharmacological activator of Smoothened (Smo). In vitro cell-autonomous effects of Hh pathway activation on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity were evaluated by TRAP staining, phalloidin staining, qPCR analyses, and bone resorption assays. In vivo evaluation of its therapeutic efficacy against PPO was performed in a murine calvarial model of titanium particle-induced osteolysis by μCT and histological analyses. Mechanistic details were explored in RANKL-treated macrophages through Western blot analyses. Results: We found that Sufu deletion or PM treatment potently activated Hh signaling in macrophages, and strongly inhibited RANKL-induced TRAP+ osteoclast production, F-actin ring formation, osteoclast-specific gene expression, and osteoclast activity in vitro. Furthermore, we found that Sufu deletion or PM administration significantly attenuated titanium particle-induced osteoclast formation and bone loss in vivo. Our mechanistic study revealed that activation of Hh signaling suppressed RANKL-induced activation of JNK pathway and downregulated protein levels of two key osteoclastic transcriptional factors, c-Fos and its downstream target NFATc1. Conclusions: Both genetic and pharmacological activation of Hh signaling can cell-autonomously inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity in vitro and protect against titanium particle-induced osteolysis in vivo. Mechanistically, Hh signaling hinders osteoclastogenesis partly through suppressing the JNK/c-Fos-NFATc1 cascade. Thus, Hh signaling may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of PPO and other osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Zirui Liao
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Qingbai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xinhuan Lei
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Dun Hong
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
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Villoslada P, Steinman L. New targets and therapeutics for neuroprotection, remyelination and repair in multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:443-459. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1757647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Villoslada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences & Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, California, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences & Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, California, CA, USA
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