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Mamachan M, Sharun K, Banu SA, Muthu S, Pawde AM, Abualigah L, Maiti SK. Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration: Insights into molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102380. [PMID: 38615643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cartilage regeneration has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-based cartilage regeneration and explores various therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of MSCs in this context. MSCs exhibit multipotent capabilities and can differentiate into various cell lineages under specific microenvironmental cues. Chondrogenic differentiation, a complex process involving signaling pathways, transcription factors, and growth factors, plays a pivotal role in the successful regeneration of cartilage tissue. The chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is tightly regulated by growth factors and signaling pathways such as TGF-β, BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, RhoA/ROCK, NOTCH, and IHH (Indian hedgehog). Understanding the intricate balance between these pathways is crucial for directing lineage-specific differentiation and preventing undesirable chondrocyte hypertrophy. Additionally, paracrine effects of MSCs, mediated by the secretion of bioactive factors, contribute significantly to immunomodulation, recruitment of endogenous stem cells, and maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype. Pre-treatment strategies utilized to potentiate MSCs, such as hypoxic conditions, low-intensity ultrasound, kartogenin treatment, and gene editing, are also discussed for their potential to enhance MSC survival, differentiation, and paracrine effects. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-based cartilage regeneration and outlines promising therapeutic strategies. The insights presented contribute to the ongoing efforts in optimizing MSC-based therapies for effective cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Mamachan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - S Amitha Banu
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Kaur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laith Abualigah
- Artificial Intelligence and Sensing Technologies (AIST) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; Computer Science Department, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 13-5053, Lebanon; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya 27500, Malaysia
| | - Swapan Kumar Maiti
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Walker M, Pringle EW, Ciccone G, Oliver-Cervelló L, Tassieri M, Gourdon D, Cantini M. Mind the Viscous Modulus: The Mechanotransductive Response to the Viscous Nature of Isoelastic Matrices Regulates Stem Cell Chondrogenesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302571. [PMID: 38014647 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The design of hydrogels as mimetics of tissues' matrices typically disregards the viscous nature of native tissues and focuses only on their elastic properties. In the case of stem cell chondrogenesis, this has led to contradictory results, likely due to unreported changes in the matrices' viscous modulus. Here, by employing isoelastic matrices with Young's modulus of ≈12 kPa, variations in viscous properties alone (i.e., loss tangent between 0.1 and 0.25) are demonstrated to be sufficient to drive efficient growth factor-free chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells, both in 2D and 3D cultures. The increase of the viscous component of RGD-functionalized polyacrylamide or polyethylene glycol maleimide hydrogels promotes a phenotype with reduced adhesion, alters mechanosensitive signaling, and boosts cell-cell contacts. In turn, this upregulates the chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 and supports neocartilage formation, demonstrating that the mechanotransductive response to the viscous nature of the matrix can be harnessed to direct cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Walker
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Eonan William Pringle
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Giuseppe Ciccone
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Lluís Oliver-Cervelló
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Manlio Tassieri
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Delphine Gourdon
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
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3
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Zhang C, Wang G, Lin H, Shang Y, Liu N, Zhen Y, An Y. Cartilage 3D bioprinting for rhinoplasty using adipose-derived stem cells as seed cells: Review and recent advances. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13417. [PMID: 36775884 PMCID: PMC10068946 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal deformities due to various causes affect the aesthetics and use of the nose, in which case rhinoplasty is necessary. However, the lack of cartilage for grafting has been a major problem and tissue engineering seems to be a promising solution. 3D bioprinting has become one of the most advanced tissue engineering methods. To construct ideal cartilage, bio-ink, seed cells, growth factors and other methods to promote chondrogenesis should be considered and weighed carefully. With continuous progress in the field, bio-ink choices are becoming increasingly abundant, from a single hydrogel to a combination of hydrogels with various characteristics, and more 3D bioprinting methods are also emerging. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have become one of the most popular seed cells in cartilage 3D bioprinting, owing to their abundance, excellent proliferative potential, minimal morbidity during harvest and lack of ethical considerations limitations. In addition, the co-culture of ADSCs and chondrocytes is commonly used to achieve better chondrogenesis. To promote chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs and construct ideal highly bionic tissue-engineered cartilage, researchers have used a variety of methods, including adding appropriate growth factors, applying biomechanical stimuli and reducing oxygen tension. According to the process and sequence of cartilage 3D bioprinting, this review summarizes and discusses the selection of hydrogel and seed cells (centered on ADSCs), the design of printing, and methods for inducing the chondrogenesis of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhuier Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Shang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yonghuan Zhen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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4
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Huang D, Li Y, Ma Z, Lin H, Zhu X, Xiao Y, Zhang X. Collagen hydrogel viscoelasticity regulates MSC chondrogenesis in a ROCK-dependent manner. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9497. [PMID: 36763657 PMCID: PMC9916999 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis in three-dimensional (3D) culture involves dynamic changes in cytoskeleton architecture during mesenchymal condensation before morphogenesis. However, the mechanism linking dynamic mechanical properties of matrix to cytoskeletal changes during chondrogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated how viscoelasticity, a time-dependent mechanical property of collagen hydrogel, coordinates MSC cytoskeleton changes at different stages of chondrogenesis. The viscoelasticity of collagen hydrogel was modulated by controlling the gelling process without chemical cross-linking. In slower-relaxing hydrogels, although a disordered cortical actin promoted early chondrogenic differentiation, persistent myosin hyperactivation resulted in Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-dependent apoptosis. Meanwhile, faster-relaxing hydrogels promoted cell-matrix interactions and eventually facilitated long-term chondrogenesis with mitigated myosin hyperactivation and cell apoptosis, similar to the effect of ROCK inhibitors. The current work not only reveals how matrix viscoelasticity coordinates MSC chondrogenesis and survival in a ROCK-dependent manner but also highlights viscoelasticity as a design parameter for biomaterials for chondrogenic 3D culture.
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Guo X, Ma Y, Min Y, Sun J, Shi X, Gao G, Sun L, Wang J. Progress and prospect of technical and regulatory challenges on tissue-engineered cartilage as therapeutic combination product. Bioact Mater 2023; 20:501-518. [PMID: 35846847 PMCID: PMC9253051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage plays a critical role in maintaining joint function and pain. However, the lack of blood supply, nerves, and lymphatic vessels greatly limited the self-repair and regeneration of damaged cartilage, giving rise to various tricky issues in medicine. In the past 30 years, numerous treatment techniques and commercial products have been developed and practiced in the clinic for promoting defected cartilage repair and regeneration. Here, the current therapies and their relevant advantages and disadvantages will be summarized, particularly the tissue engineering strategies. Furthermore, the fabrication of tissue-engineered cartilage under research or in the clinic was discussed based on the traid of tissue engineering, that is the materials, seed cells, and bioactive factors. Finally, the commercialized cartilage repair products were listed and the regulatory issues and challenges of tissue-engineered cartilage repair products and clinical application would be reviewed. Tissue engineered cartilage, a promising strategy for articular cartilage repair. Nearly 20 engineered cartilage repair products in clinic based on clinical techniques. Combination product, the classification of tissue-engineered cartilage. Key regulatory compliance issues for combination products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Guo
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yue Min
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, PR China
- Corresponding author. Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Guobiao Gao
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiadao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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6
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Ha MY, Yang DH, You SJ, Kim HJ, Chun HJ. In-situ forming injectable GFOGER-conjugated BMSCs-laden hydrogels for osteochondral regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:2. [PMID: 36609447 PMCID: PMC9822921 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The collagen-mimetic peptide GFOGER possesses the chondrogenic potential and has been used as a cell adhesion peptide or chondrogenic inducer. Here, we prepared an injectable in situ forming composite hydrogel system comprising methoxy polyethylene glycol-b-polycaprolactone (MPEG-PCL) and GFOGER-conjugated PEG-PCL (GFOGER-PEG-PCL) with various GFOGER concentrations based on our recently patented technology. The conjugation of GFOGER to PEG-PCL was confirmed by 1H NMR, and the particle size distribution and rheological properties for the sol-gel transition behavior of the samples with respect to the GFOGER content were evaluated systemically. In vitro experiments using rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) revealed that the GFOGER-PEG-PCL hydrogel significantly enhanced expression of integrins (β1, α2, and α11), increased expression of FAK, and induced downstream signaling of ERK and p38. Overexpression of chondrogenic markers suggested that BMSCs have the potential to differentiate into chondrogenic lineages within GFOGER-PEG-PCL samples. In vivo studies using a rat osteochondral defect model revealed that transplanted BMSCs with GFOGER0.8-PEG-PCL survived at the defect with strong chondrogenic expression after 4 weeks. The stem cell-laden GFOGER0.8-PEG-PCL hydrogel produced remarkable osteochondral regeneration at 8 weeks of transplantation, as determined by histological findings and micro-CT analysis. The histomorphological score in the GFOGER0.8-PEG-PCL + BMSCs group was ~1.7-, 2.6-, and 5.3-fold higher than that in the GFOGER0.8-PEG-PCL, MPEG-PCL, and defect groups, respectively. Taken together, these results provide an important platform for further advanced GFOGER-based stem cell research for osteochondral repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yeon Ha
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyeok Yang
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung You
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Jae Chun
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
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7
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Huang X, Chen D, Liang C, Shi K, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Chen J, Xia K, Shu J, Yang B, Wang J, Xu H, Yu C, Cheng F, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang C, Ying L, Li H, Han M, Li F, Tao Y, Zhao Q, Chen Q. Swelling-Mediated Mechanical Stimulation Regulates Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Intervertebral Disc Repair Using Injectable UCST Microgels. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201925. [PMID: 36250343 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation is an effective approach for controlling stem cell differentiation in tissue engineering. However, its realization in in vivo tissue repair remains challenging since this type of stimulation can hardly be applied to injectable seeding systems. Here, it is presented that swelling of injectable microgels can be transformed to in situ mechanical stimulation via stretching the cells adhered on their surface. Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels with the upper critical solution temperature property are fabricated using inverse emulsion polymerization and further coated with polydopamine to increase cell adhesion. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) adhered on the microgels can be omnidirectionally stretched along with the responsive swelling of the microgels, which upregulate TRPV4 and Piezo1 channel proteins and enhance nucleus pulposus (NP)-like differentiation of ADSCs. In vivo experiments reveal that the disc height and extracellular matrix content of NP are promoted after the implantation with the microgels. The findings indicate that swelling-induced mechanical stimulation has great potential for regulating stem cell differentiation during intervertebral disc repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Di Chen
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jiangjie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jiawei Shu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Haibin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Shaoke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Liwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Meiling Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yiqing Tao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
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8
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Wang L, He C. Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967193. [PMID: 36032081 PMCID: PMC9411667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells within the synovial joints, and also the main innate immune effector cells triggering the initial inflammatory responses in the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). The transition of synovial macrophages between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes can play a key role in building the intra-articular microenvironment. The pro-inflammatory cascade induced by TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 is closely related to M1 macrophages, resulting in the production of pro-chondrolytic mediators. However, IL-10, IL1RA, CCL-18, IGF, and TGF are closely related to M2 macrophages, leading to the protection of cartilage and the promoted regeneration. The inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway is central in OA treatment via controlling inflammatory responses in macrophages, while the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway appears not to attract widespread attention in the field. Nrf2 is a transcription factor encoding a large number of antioxidant enzymes. The activation of Nrf2 can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which can also have complex crosstalk with NF-κB signaling pathway. The activation of Nrf2 can inhibit the M1 polarization and promote the M2 polarization through potential signaling transductions including TGF-β/SMAD, TLR/NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, with the regulation or cooperation of Notch, NLRP3, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling. And the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the negative regulation of Nrf2 for NF-κB can be the main mechanisms for promotion. Furthermore, the candidates of OA treatment by activating Nrf2 to promote M2 phenotype macrophages in OA are also reviewed in this work, such as itaconate and fumarate derivatives, curcumin, quercetin, melatonin, mesenchymal stem cells, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Chengqi He,
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9
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Kuwahara M, Akasaki Y, Goto N, Kurakazu I, Sueishi T, Toya M, Uchida T, Tsutsui T, Hirose R, Tsushima H, Nakashima Y. Fluvastatin promotes chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by inducing bone morphogenetic protein 2. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:61. [PMID: 35945639 PMCID: PMC9361648 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a promising source of material source for medical regeneration of cartilage. Growth factors, including transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) subfamily members and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), play important roles in inducing and promoting chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. However, these exogenous growth factors have some drawbacks related to their cost, biological half-life, and safety for clinical application. Several studies have reported that statins, the competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-2-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, induce the expression of BMP2 in multiple cell types as the pleotropic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fluvastatin during chondrogenic differentiation of human ADMSCs (hADMSCs). Methods The effects of fluvastatin were analyzed during chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs in the pellet culture without exogenous growth factors by qRT-PCR and histology. For functional studies, Noggin, an antagonist of BMPs, mevalonic acid (MVA) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), metabolites of the mevalonate pathway, ROCK inhibitor (Y27632), or RAC1 inhibitor (NSC23766) were applied to cells during chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, RhoA activity was measured by RhoA pulldown assay during chondrogenic differentiation with or without fluvastatin. Statistically significant differences between groups were determined by Student’s t-test or the Tukey–Kramer test. Results Fluvastatin-treated cells expressed higher levels of BMP2, SOX9, ACAN, and COL2A1 than control cells, and accumulated higher levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Noggin significantly inhibited the fluvastatin-mediated upregulation of ACAN and COL2A1. Both MVA and GGPP suppressed the effects of fluvastatin on the expressions of BMP2, SOX9, ACAN, and COL2A1. Furthermore, fluvastatin suppressed the RhoA activity, and inhibition of RhoA–ROCK signaling by Y27632 increased the expressions of BMP2, SOX9, ACAN, and COL2A1, as well as fluvastatin. Conclusions Our results suggest that fluvastatin promotes chondrogenic differentiation of hADMSCs by inducing endogenous BMP2, and that one of the mechanisms underlying the effects is inhibition of RhoA–ROCK signaling via suppression of GGPP. Fluvastatin is a safe and low-cost compound that holds promise for use in transplantation of hADMSCs for cartilage regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00600-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Kuwahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukio Akasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Norio Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kurakazu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuya Sueishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taisuke Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tsutsui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryota Hirose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsushima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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10
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Volz M, Wyse-Sookoo KR, Travascio F, Huang CY, Best TM. MECHANOBIOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR STIMULATING CHONDROGENESIS OF STEM CELLS. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:460-487. [PMID: 35615879 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is the process of differentiation of stem cells into mature chondrocytes. Such a process consists of chemical, functional, and structural changes which are initiated and mediated by the host environment of the cells. To date, the mechanobiology of chondrogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Hence, experimental activity is focused on recreating specific environmental conditions for stimulating chondrogenesis, and to look for a mechanistic interpretation of the mechanobiological response of cells in the cartilaginous tissues. There are a large number of studies on the topic that vary considerably in their experimental protocols used for providing environmental cues to cells for differentiation, making generalizable conclusions difficult to ascertain. The main objective of this contribution is to review the mechanobiological stimulation of stem cell chondrogenesis and methodological approaches utilized to date to promote chondrogenesis of stem cells in-vitro. In-vivo models will also be explored, but this area is currently limited. An overview of the experimental approaches used by different research groups may help the development of unified testing methods that could be used to overcome existing knowledge gaps, leading to an accelerated translation of experimental findings to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Volz
- University of Miami, 5452, Biomedical Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida, United States;
| | | | - Francesco Travascio
- University of Miami, 5452, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 1251 Memorial Drive, MEB 217B, Coral Gables, Florida, United States, 33146;
| | - Chun-Yuh Huang
- University of Miami, 5452, Biomedical Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida, United States;
| | - Thomas M Best
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 12235, School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States;
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11
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Xu Y, Gaillez MP, Zheng K, Voigt D, Cui M, Kurth T, Xiao L, Rothe R, Hauser S, Lee PW, Wieduwild R, Lin W, Bornhäuser M, Pietzsch J, Boccaccini AR, Zhang Y. A Self-Assembled Matrix System for Cell-Bioengineering Applications in Different Dimensions, Scales, and Geometries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104758. [PMID: 35132776 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell bioengineering and therapy require different model systems and materials in different stages of development. If a chemically defined biomatrix system can fulfill most tasks, it can minimize the discrepancy among various setups. By screening biomaterials synthesized through a coacervation-mediated self-assembling mechanism, a biomatrix system optimal for 2D human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) culture and osteogenesis is identified. Its utility for hMSC bioengineering is further demonstrated in coating porous bioactive glass scaffolds and nanoparticle synthesis for esiRNA delivery to knock down the SOX-9 gene with high delivery efficiency. The self-assembled injectable system is further utilized for 3D cell culture, segregated co-culture of hMSC with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as an angiogenesis model, and 3D bioprinting. Most interestingly, the coating of bioactive glass with the self-assembled biomatrix not only supports the proliferation and osteogenesis of hMSC in the 3D scaffold but also induces the amorphous bioactive glass (BG) scaffold surface to form new apatite crystals resembling bone-shaped plate structures. Thus, the self-assembled biomatrix system can be utilized in various dimensions, scales, and geometries for many different bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michelle Patino Gaillez
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Zheng
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Voigt
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Meiying Cui
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technology Platform, EM Facilty, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lingfei Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rebecca Rothe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pao-Wan Lee
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wieduwild
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Weilin Lin
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus der Technischen Universität Dresden, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Chen S, Lan L, Lei J, He Y, Zhang Y. Gli1+ Osteogenic Progenitors Contribute to Condylar Development and Fracture Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:819689. [PMID: 35330911 PMCID: PMC8940214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.819689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The condyle plays a pivotal role in mandible development, which is regulated by various signaling molecules. The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is known to modulate several processes during bone formation. However, the role of Gli1, as the read-out of Hh signaling activity, in condylar development and fracture healing has not been clarified. In this study, we discovered that a population of Gli1+ cells residing immediately below the cartilage functions as osteogenic progenitors by using Gli1-Cre ERT2 ;tdTomato mice. These Gli1+ cells contributed to nearly all osteoblasts in the subchondral bone during condyle postnatal development. Interestingly, Gli1-lineage cells could differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes during fracture healing. Inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling downregulated the proliferation and differentiation of Gli1+ cells in vitro. These findings suggest that Gli1+ progenitor cells participate in not only normal bone formation but also fracture healing; moreover, these cells may provide a potential target for promoting bone regeneration of the mandible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Center of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Center of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lei
- National Center of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Center for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School, Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Center of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Center of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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13
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Prajwal GS, Jeyaraman N, Kanth V K, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Rajendran SNS, Rajendran RL, Khanna M, Oh EJ, Choi KY, Chung HY, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. Lineage Differentiation Potential of Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis Knee. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040386. [PMID: 35455383 PMCID: PMC9028477 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) have paved a way for treating musculoskeletal diseases in a minimally invasive manner. The regenerative medicine cocktail involves the usage of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), either uncultured or culture-expanded cells along with growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, and secretomes to provide a better regenerative milieu in degenerative diseases. The successful regeneration of cartilage depends on the selection of the appropriate source of MSCs, the quality, quantity, and frequency of MSCs to be injected, and the selection of the patient at an appropriate stage of the disease. However, confirmation on the most favorable source of MSCs remains uncertain to clinicians. The lack of knowledge in the current cellular treatment is uncertain in terms of how beneficial MSCs are in the long-term or short-term (resolution of pain) and improved quality of life. Whether MSCs treatments have any superiority, exists due to sources of MSCs utilized in their potential to objectively regenerate the cartilage at the target area. Many questions on source and condition remain unanswered. Hence, in this review, we discuss the lineage differentiation potentials of various sources of MSCs used in the management of knee osteoarthritis and emphasize the role of tissue engineering in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gollahalli Shivashankar Prajwal
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mallika Spine Centre, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Kanth V
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Naga Sowndary Rajendran
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry 605102, Puducherry, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Kang Young Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
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14
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Bhogoju S, Khan S, Subramanian A. Continuous Low-Intensity Ultrasound Preserves Chondrogenesis of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Presence of Cytokines by Inhibiting NFκB Activation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:434. [PMID: 35327626 PMCID: PMC8946190 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory joint environment, coupled with impeded chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), led to inferior cartilage repair outcomes. Nuclear translocation of phosphorylated-NFκB downregulates SOX9 and hinders the chondrogenesis of MSCs. Strategies that minimize the deleterious effects of NFκB, while promoting MSC chondrogenesis, are of interest. This study establishes the ability of continuous low-intensity ultrasound (cLIUS) to preserve MSC chondrogenesis in a proinflammatory environment. MSCs were seeded in alginate:collagen hydrogels and cultured for 21 days in an ultrasound-assisted bioreactor (5.0 MHz, 2.5 Vpp; 4 applications/day) in the presence of IL1β and evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The differential expression of markers associated with the NFκB pathway was assessed upon a single exposure of cLIUS and assayed by Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. Mitochondrial potential was evaluated by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) assay. The chondroinductive potential of cLIUS was noted by the increased expression of SOX9 and COLII. cLIUS extended its chondroprotective effects by stabilizing the NFκB complex in the cytoplasm via engaging the IκBα feedback mechanism, thus preventing its nuclear translocation. cLIUS acted as a mitochondrial protective agent by restoring the mitochondrial potential and the mitochondrial mRNA expression in a proinflammatory environment. Altogether, our results demonstrated the potential of cLIUS for cartilage repair and regeneration under proinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; (S.B.); (S.K.)
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15
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Khalid S, Ekram S, Salim A, Chaudhry GR, Khan I. Transcription regulators differentiate mesenchymal stem cells into chondroprogenitors, and their in vivo implantation regenerated the intervertebral disc degeneration. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:163-182. [PMID: 35432734 PMCID: PMC8963382 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of lower back pain. Disc degeneration is characterized by reduced cellularity and decreased production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been envisioned as a promising treatment for degenerative illnesses. Cell-based therapy using ECM-producing chondrogenic derivatives of MSCs has the potential to restore the functionality of the intervertebral disc (IVD).
AIM To investigate the potential of chondrogenic transcription factors to promote differentiation of human umbilical cord MSCs into chondrocytes, and to assess their therapeutic potential in IVD regeneration.
METHODS MSCs were isolated and characterized morphologically and immunologically by the expression of specific markers. MSCs were then transfected with Sox-9 and Six-1 transcription factors to direct differentiation and were assessed for chondrogenic lineage based on the expression of specific markers. These differentiated MSCs were implanted in the rat model of IVDD. The regenerative potential of transplanted cells was investigated using histochemical and molecular analyses of IVDs.
RESULTS Isolated cells showed fibroblast-like morphology and expressed CD105, CD90, CD73, CD29, and Vimentin but not CD45 antigens. Overexpression of Sox-9 and Six-1 greatly enhanced the gene expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 gene, BMP, Sox-9, Six-1, and Aggrecan, and protein expression of Sox-9 and Six-1. The implanted cells integrated, survived, and homed in the degenerated intervertebral disc. Histological grading showed that the transfected MSCs regenerated the IVD and restored normal architecture.
CONCLUSION Genetically modified MSCs accelerate cartilage regeneration, providing a unique opportunity and impetus for stem cell-based therapeutic approach for degenerative disc diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Khalid
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ekram
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - G. Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, United States
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
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Roncada T, Bonithon R, Blunn G, Roldo M. Soft substrates direct stem cell differentiation into the chondrogenic lineage without the use of growth factors. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221122121. [PMID: 36199979 PMCID: PMC9528007 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for the treatment of cartilage related injuries. However, selectively promoting stem cell differentiation in vivo is still challenging. Chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs usually requires the use of growth factors that lead to the overexpression of hypertrophic markers. In this study, for the first time the effect of stiffness on MSC differentiation has been tested without the use of growth factors. Three-dimensional collagen and alginate scaffolds were developed and characterised. Stiffness significantly affected gene expression and ECM deposition. While, all hydrogels supported chondrogenic differentiation and allowed deposition of collagen type II and aggrecan, the 5.75 kPa hydrogel showed limited production of collagen type I compared to the other two formulations. These findings demonstrated for the first time that stiffness can guide MSCs differentiation without the use of growth factors within a tissue engineering scaffold suitable for the treatment of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosca Roncada
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Roxane Bonithon
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Marta Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Marta Roldo, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.
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Ultrasound-Enabled Therapeutic Delivery and Regenerative Medicine: Physical and Biological Perspectives. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4371-4387. [PMID: 34460238 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of ultrasound in medicine and biological sciences is expanding rapidly beyond its use in conventional diagnostic imaging. Numerous studies have reported the effects of ultrasound on cellular and tissue physiology. Advances in instrumentation and electronics have enabled successful in vivo applications of therapeutic ultrasound. Despite path breaking advances in understanding the biophysical and biological mechanisms at both microscopic and macroscopic scales, there remain substantial gaps. With the progression of research in this area, it is important to take stock of the current understanding of the field and to highlight important areas for future work. We present herein key developments in the biological applications of ultrasound especially in the context of nanoparticle delivery, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. We conclude with a brief perspective on the current promise, limitations, and future directions for interfacing ultrasound technology with biological systems, which could provide guidance for future investigations in this interdisciplinary area.
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Walker M, Luo J, Pringle EW, Cantini M. ChondroGELesis: Hydrogels to harness the chondrogenic potential of stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111822. [PMID: 33579465 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a highly complex microenvironment, whose various components converge to regulate cell fate. Hydrogels, as water-swollen polymer networks composed by synthetic or natural materials, are ideal candidates to create biologically active substrates that mimic these matrices and target cell behaviour for a desired tissue engineering application. Indeed, the ability to tune their mechanical, structural, and biochemical properties provides a framework to recapitulate native tissues. This review explores how hydrogels have been engineered to harness the chondrogenic response of stem cells for the repair of damaged cartilage tissue. The signalling processes involved in hydrogel-driven chondrogenesis are also discussed, identifying critical pathways that should be taken into account during hydrogel design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Walker
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Eonan William Pringle
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK.
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Research Progress on Stem Cell Therapies for Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8882505. [PMID: 33628274 PMCID: PMC7895563 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8882505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury of articular cartilage can cause osteoarthritis and seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients. Unfortunately, current surgical treatment techniques that are commonly used in the clinic cannot regenerate articular cartilage. Regenerative medicine involving stem cells has entered a new stage and is considered the most promising way to regenerate articular cartilage. In terms of theories on the mechanism, it was thought that stem cell-mediated articular cartilage regeneration was achieved through the directional differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes. However, recent evidence has shown that the stem cell secretome plays an important role in biological processes such as the immune response, inflammation regulation, and drug delivery. At the same time, the stem cell secretome can effectively mediate the process of tissue regeneration. This new theory has attributed the therapeutic effect of stem cells to their paracrine effects. The application of stem cells is not limited to exogenous stem cell transplantation. Endogenous stem cell homing and in situ regeneration strategies have received extensive attention. The application of stem cell derivatives, such as conditioned media, extracellular vesicles, and extracellular matrix, is an extension of stem cell paracrine theory. On the other hand, stem cell pretreatment strategies have also shown promising therapeutic effects. This article will systematically review the latest developments in these areas, summarize challenges in articular cartilage regeneration strategies involving stem cells, and describe prospects for future development.
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