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Deng ZH, Chen YX, Xue-Gao, Yang JY, Wei XY, Zhang GX, Qian JX. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by inhibiting the Hsp90aa1/ERK/pERK pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116382. [PMID: 38909785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a serious and life-threatening chronic cardiopulmonary disease characterized by progressive elevation of pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Mesenchymal stem cell- derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) can relieve HPH by reversing pulmonary vascular remodeling. The HPH model was established in healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 6 to 8 weeks. The rats were placed in a room with oxygen concentration of (10 ± 1) % for 8 hours a day over 28 days, were then injected intravenously with MSC-Exos (100 ug protein/kg) or equal-volume phosphate buffer saline (PBS) once a day over 1 week. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) and pulmonary vascular remodeling were observed after anesthesia. In addition, platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) was used to stimulate rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) to construct HPH pathological cell models. The results showed that MSC-Exos could not only reduce the elevation of RVSP, right ventricular hypertrophy and the degree of pulmonary vascular remodeling in HPH rats, but also reduce the proliferation, migration and apoptosis resistance of PASMCs. Finally, GSE53408 and GSE113439 datasets were analyzed and showed that the expression of Hsp90aa1 and pERK/ERK were significantly increased in HPH, also could be inhibited by MSC-Exos. Meanwhile, inhibition of Hsp90aa1 also reduced PASMCs migration and pERK/ERK protein level. In conclusion, MSC-Exos alleviated HPH by suppressing PASMCs proliferation, migration and apoptosis resistance through inhibiting the Hsp90aa1/ERK/pERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yao-Xin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xue-Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xia-Ying Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Guo-Xing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurosciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jin-Xian Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China.
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2
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Menjivar NG, Oropallo J, Gebremedhn S, Souza LA, Gad A, Puttlitz CM, Tesfaye D. MicroRNA Nano-Shuttles: Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as a Cutting-Edge Biotechnology Platform for Clinical Use in Therapeutics. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:14. [PMID: 38773366 PMCID: PMC11106895 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous transporters of various active biomolecules with inflicting phenotypic capabilities, that are naturally secreted by almost all cells with a promising vantage point as a potential leading drug delivery platform. The intrinsic characteristics of their low toxicity, superior structural stability, and cargo loading capacity continue to fuel a multitude of research avenues dedicated to loading EVs with therapeutic and diagnostic cargos (pharmaceutical compounds, nucleic acids, proteins, and nanomaterials) in attempts to generate superior natural nanoscale delivery systems for clinical application in therapeutics. In addition to their well-known role in intercellular communication, EVs harbor microRNAs (miRNAs), which can alter the translational potential of receiving cells and thus act as important mediators in numerous biological and pathological processes. To leverage this potential, EVs can be structurally engineered to shuttle therapeutic miRNAs to diseased recipient cells as a potential targeted 'treatment' or 'therapy'. Herein, this review focuses on the therapeutic potential of EV-coupled miRNAs; summarizing the biogenesis, contents, and function of EVs, as well as providing both a comprehensive discussion of current EV loading techniques and an update on miRNA-engineered EVs as a next-generation platform piloting benchtop studies to propel potential clinical translation on the forefront of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico G Menjivar
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jaiden Oropallo
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory (OBRL), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Orthopaedic Research Center (ORC), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- J.R. Simplot Company, 1099 W. Front St, Boise, ID, 83702, USA
| | - Luca A Souza
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, 225 Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Ahmed Gad
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Christian M Puttlitz
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory (OBRL), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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3
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Chen W, Wu P, Jin C, Chen Y, Li C, Qian H. Advances in the application of extracellular vesicles derived from three-dimensional culture of stem cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:215. [PMID: 38693585 PMCID: PMC11064407 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have been used therapeutically for decades, yet their applications are limited by factors such as the risk of immune rejection and potential tumorigenicity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a key paracrine component of stem cell potency, overcome the drawbacks of stem cell applications as a cell-free therapeutic agent and play an important role in treating various diseases. However, EVs derived from two-dimensional (2D) planar culture of SCs have low yield and face challenges in large-scale production, which hinders the clinical translation of EVs. Three-dimensional (3D) culture, given its ability to more realistically simulate the in vivo environment, can not only expand SCs in large quantities, but also improve the yield and activity of EVs, changing the content of EVs and improving their therapeutic effects. In this review, we briefly describe the advantages of EVs and EV-related clinical applications, provide an overview of 3D cell culture, and finally focus on specific applications and future perspectives of EVs derived from 3D culture of different SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Can Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinjie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Li M, Yang J, Wu Y, Ma X. miR-186-5p improves alveolar epithelial barrier function by targeting the wnt5a/β-catenin signaling pathway in sepsis-acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111864. [PMID: 38484663 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar epithelial barrier dysfunction is one of the pathological features of sepsis-acute lung injury(ALI). However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the function of alveolar epithelial barrier remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the regulatory role of miR-186-5p in alveolar epithelial barrier function in sepsis-ALI and its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS We established sepsis-ALI models in vivo and in vitro, detected the miR-186-5p and wnt5a/β-catenin expressions, and observed the functional changes of the alveolar epithelial barrier by miR-186-5p overexpression. We used rescue experiments to clarify whether miR-186-5p works through wnt5a/β-catenin. RESULTS miR-186-5p expression was decreased, wnt5a expression was increased, and the wnt5a/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated in mouse lung tissues and A549 cells after inflammatory stimulation. miR-186-5p overexpression resulted in wnt5a/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibition, decreased apoptosis in A549 cells, improved alveolar epithelial barrier function, reduced lung tissue injury in ALI mice, decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels, and increased claudin4 and ZO-1 expression. Using miRNA-related database prediction and dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis, the targeting relationship between miR-186-5p and wnt5a was determined. The protective effect produced by miR-186-5p overexpression on the alveolar barrier was reversed after the application of the wnt5a/β-catenin activator Licl. CONCLUSION Our experimental data suggest miR-186-5p targets the wnt5a/β-catenin pathway, thereby regulating alveolar epithelial barrier function. Furthermore, both miR-186-5p and wnt5a/β-catenin are potential therapeutic targets that could impact sepsis-ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Yanli Wu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Xigang Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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5
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Natri HM, Del Azodi CB, Peter L, Taylor CJ, Chugh S, Kendle R, Chung MI, Flaherty DK, Matlock BK, Calvi CL, Blackwell TS, Ware LB, Bacchetta M, Walia R, Shaver CM, Kropski JA, McCarthy DJ, Banovich NE. Cell-type-specific and disease-associated expression quantitative trait loci in the human lung. Nat Genet 2024; 56:595-604. [PMID: 38548990 PMCID: PMC11018522 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Common genetic variants confer substantial risk for chronic lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. Defining the genetic control of gene expression in a cell-type-specific and context-dependent manner is critical for understanding the mechanisms through which genetic variation influences complex traits and disease pathobiology. To this end, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of lung tissue from 66 individuals with pulmonary fibrosis and 48 unaffected donors. Using a pseudobulk approach, we mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) across 38 cell types, observing both shared and cell-type-specific regulatory effects. Furthermore, we identified disease interaction eQTLs and demonstrated that this class of associations is more likely to be cell-type-specific and linked to cellular dysregulation in pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, we connected lung disease risk variants to their regulatory targets in disease-relevant cell types. These results indicate that cellular context determines the impact of genetic variation on gene expression and implicates context-specific eQTLs as key regulators of lung homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini M Natri
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christina B Del Azodi
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lance Peter
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Chase J Taylor
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sagrika Chugh
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Kendle
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mei-I Chung
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - David K Flaherty
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brittany K Matlock
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carla L Calvi
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lorraine B Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rajat Walia
- Department of Thoracic Disease and Transplantation, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ciara M Shaver
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Davis J McCarthy
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Padinharayil H, Varghese J, Wilson C, George A. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Characteristics and applications in disease pathology and management. Life Sci 2024; 342:122542. [PMID: 38428567 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a role in tissue regeneration and homeostasis because of inherent immunomodulatory capacity and the production of factors that encourage healing. There is substantial evidence that MSCs' therapeutic efficacy is primarily determined by their paracrine function including in cancers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are basic paracrine effectors of MSCs that reside in numerous bodily fluids and cell homogenates and play an important role in bidirectional communication. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) offer a wide range of potential therapeutic uses that exceed cell treatment, while maintaining protocell function and having less immunogenicity. We describe characteristics and isolation methods of MSC-EVs, and focus on their therapeutic potential describing its roles in tissue repair, anti-fibrosis, and cancer with an emphasis on the molecular mechanism and immune modulation and clinical trials. We also explain current understanding and challenges in the clinical applications of MSC-EVs as a cell free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Padinharayil
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 05, Kerala, India; PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689641, India
| | - Jinsu Varghese
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689641, India
| | - Cornelia Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Natural Applied Sciences, Life Science Industry Liaison Lab, Discovery Park, Sandwich CT139FF, United Kingdom.
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 05, Kerala, India.
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7
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Lou K, Luo H, Jiang X, Feng S. Applications of emerging extracellular vesicles technologies in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364401. [PMID: 38545101 PMCID: PMC10965547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The emerging extracellular vesicles technologies is an advanced therapeutic approach showing promising potential for addressing inflammatory diseases. These techniques have been proven to have positive effects on immune modulation and anti-inflammatory responses. With these advancements, a comprehensive review and update on the role of extracellular vesicles in inflammatory diseases have become timely. This review aims to summarize the research progress of extracellular vesicle technologies such as plant-derived extracellular vesicles, milk-derived extracellular vesicles, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles, etc., in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. It elucidates their potential significance in regulating inflammation, promoting tissue repair, and treating diseases. The goal is to provide insights for future research in this field, fostering the application and development of extracellular vesicle technology in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Lou
- Department of Urology, Lanxi People’s Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinghua Jiang
- Department of Urology, Jingdezhen Second People’s Hospital, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shangzhi Feng
- Department of Urology, Jiujiang University Clinic College/Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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8
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Zhu L, Wang Q, Guo M, Fang H, Li T, Zhu Y, Jiang H, Xiao P, Hu M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Various Chronic Liver Diseases: Hype or Hope? J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:171-189. [PMID: 38223423 PMCID: PMC10788055 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s439974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver conditions are associated with high mortality rates and have a large adverse effect on human well-being as well as a significant financial burden. Currently, the only effective treatment available for the effects of liver failure and cirrhosis resulting from the progression of several chronic liver diseases is liver transplantation carried out at the original location. This implies that developing novel and effective treatments is imperative. Regenerative medicine has long been associated with stem cell therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of cell with great differentiation potential, have become the preferred source for stem cell therapy. According to recent studies, MSCs' paracrine products-rather than their capacity for differentiation-play a significant therapeutic effect. MSC exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV), came into view as the paracrine substances of MSCs. According to research, MSC exosomes can maintain tissue homeostasis, which is necessary for healthy tissue function. All tissues contain them, and they take part in a variety of biological activities that support cellular activity and tissue regeneration in order to preserve tissue homeostasis. The outcomes support the use of MSCs and the exosomes they produce as a therapeutic option for a range of diseases. This review provides a brief overview of the source of MSC-EVs and outlines their physiological roles and biochemical capabilities. The elucidation of the role of MSC-EVs in the recovery and repair of hepatic tissues, as well as their contribution to maintaining tissue homeostasis, is discussed in relation to different chronic liver diseases. This review aims to provide new insights into the unique roles that MSC-EVs play in the treatment of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujian Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maodong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Traumatology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Enze Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimian Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiguang Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minli Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Feng Y, Guo K, Jiang J, Lin S. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as delivery vehicles for non-coding RNAs in lung diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116008. [PMID: 38071800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of lung diseases is gradually increasing with an increase in the average human life expectancy. Therefore, it is necessary to identify effective methods to treat lung diseases and reduce their social burden. Currently, an increasing number of studies focus on the role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) as a cell-free therapy in lung diseases. They show great potential for application to lung diseases as a more stable and safer option than traditional cell therapies. MSC-Exos are rich in various substances, including proteins, nucleic acids, and DNA. Delivery of Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) enables MSC-Exos to communicate with target cells. MSC-Exos significantly inhibit inflammatory factors, reduce oxidative stress, promote normal lung cell proliferation, and reduce apoptosis by delivering ncRNAs. Moreover, MSC-Exos carrying specific ncRNAs affect the proliferation, invasion, and migration of lung cancer cells, thereby playing a role in managing lung cancer. The detailed mechanisms of MSC-Exos in the clinical treatment of lung disease were explored by developing standardized culture, isolation, purification, and administration strategies. In summary, MSC-Exo-based delivery methods have important application prospects for treating lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Feng
- Hangzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Kaibo Guo
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Shengyou Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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10
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Zhai Z, Cui T, Chen J, Mao X, Zhang T. Advancements in engineered mesenchymal stem cell exosomes for chronic lung disease treatment. J Transl Med 2023; 21:895. [PMID: 38071321 PMCID: PMC10709966 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases include an array of conditions that impact airways and lung structures, leading to considerable societal burdens. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes (MSC-exos) can be used for cell therapy and exhibit a diverse spectrum of anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and immunomodulatory properties. Engineered MSC-exos possesses enhanced capabilities for targeted drug delivery, resulting in more potent targeting effects. Through various engineering modifications, these exosomes can exert many biological effects, resulting in specific therapeutic outcomes for many diseases. Moreover, engineered stem cell exosomes may exhibit an increased capacity to traverse physiological barriers and infiltrate protected lesions, thereby exerting their therapeutic effects. These characteristics render them a promising therapeutic agent for chronic pulmonary diseases. This article discusses and reviews the strategies and mechanisms of engineered MSC-exos in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases based on many studies to provide new solutions for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyao Zhai
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tairong Cui
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialiang Chen
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xulong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Al-Dhalimy AMB, Salim HM, Shather AH, Naser IH, Hizam MM, Alshujery MK. The pathological and therapeutically role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosome in degenerative diseases; Particular focus on LncRNA and microRNA. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154778. [PMID: 37683391 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
By releasing exosomes, which create the ideal milieu for the resolution of inflammation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhance tissue healing and have strong immunomodulatory capabilities. MSCs-derived exosome also can affect tumor progress by a myriad of mechanisms. Exosomes function as a cell-cell communication tool to affect cellular activity in recipient cells and include an array of efficient bioactive chemicals. Understanding the fundamental biology of inflammation ablation, tissue homeostasis, and the creation of therapeutic strategies is particularly interested in the horizontal transfer of exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) to recipient cells, where they affect target gene expression. Herein, we propose an exosomal lncRNA and microRNA profile in neurological, renal, cardiac, lung, and liver diseases as well as skin wounds and arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haitham Mukhlif Salim
- Ministry of Health, Directorat of the Public Health, Health Promotion Departments, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A H Shather
- Department of Computer Engineering Technology, Al Kitab University, Altun Kopru, Kirkuk 00964, Iraq
| | - Israa Habeeb Naser
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq
| | - Manar Mohammed Hizam
- Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
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12
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Natri HM, Del Azodi CB, Peter L, Taylor CJ, Chugh S, Kendle R, Chung MI, Flaherty DK, Matlock BK, Calvi CL, Blackwell TS, Ware LB, Bacchetta M, Walia R, Shaver CM, Kropski JA, McCarthy DJ, Banovich NE. Cell type-specific and disease-associated eQTL in the human lung. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.17.533161. [PMID: 36993211 PMCID: PMC10055257 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Common genetic variants confer substantial risk for chronic lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Defining the genetic control of gene expression in a cell-type-specific and context-dependent manner is critical for understanding the mechanisms through which genetic variation influences complex traits and disease pathobiology. To this end, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of lung tissue from 67 PF and 49 unaffected donors. Employing a pseudo-bulk approach, we mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) across 38 cell types, observing both shared and cell type-specific regulatory effects. Further, we identified disease-interaction eQTL and demonstrated that this class of associations is more likely to be cell-type specific and linked to cellular dysregulation in PF. Finally, we connected PF risk variants to their regulatory targets in disease-relevant cell types. These results indicate that cellular context determines the impact of genetic variation on gene expression, and implicates context-specific eQTL as key regulators of lung homeostasis and disease.
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13
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Zhao K, Kong C, Shi N, Jiang J, Li P. Potential angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and antifibrotic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in systemic sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125257. [PMID: 37251412 PMCID: PMC10213547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an intricate systemic autoimmune disease with pathological features such as vascular injury, immune dysregulation, and extensive fibrosis of the skin and multiple organs. Treatment options are limited; however, recently, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have been acknowledged in preclinical and clinical trials as being useful in treating autoimmune diseases and are likely superior to MSCs alone. Recent research has also shown that MSC-EVs can ameliorate SSc and the pathological changes in vasculopathy, immune dysfunction, and fibrosis. This review summarizes the therapeutic effects of MSC-EVs on SSc and the mechanisms that have been discovered to provide a theoretical basis for future studies on the role of MSC-EVs in treating SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenfei Kong
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naixu Shi
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Su M, Liu J, Wu X, Chen X, Xiao Q, Jiang N. Construction of a TFs-miRNA-mRNA network related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:78. [PMID: 36819574 PMCID: PMC9929790 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background The transcription factors (TFs)-microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA) network plays an important role in a variety of diseases. However, the relationship between the TFs-miRNA-mRNA network and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear. Methods The GSE110147 and GSE53845 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to process differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), as well as Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The GSE13316 dataset was used to perform differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) analysis and TFs prediction. Finally, a TFs-miRNA-mRNA network related to IPF was constructed, and its function was evaluated by Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses. Also, 19 TFs in the network were verified by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Through our analysis, 53 DEMs and 2,630 DEGs were screened. The GSEA results suggested these genes were mainly related to protein digestion and absorption. The WGCNA results showed that these DEGs were divided into eight modules, and the GO and KEGG analyses results of blue module genes showed that these 86 blue module genes were mainly enriched in cilium assembly and cilium organization. Moreover, a TFs-miRNA-mRNA network comprising 25 TFs, 11 miRNAs, and 60 mRNAs was constructed. Ultimately, the functional enrichment analysis showed that the TFs-miRNA-mRNA network was mainly related to the cell cycle and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway. Furthermore, experimental verification of the TFs showed that ARNTL, TRIM28, EZH2, BCOR, and ASXL1 were sufficiently up-regulated in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 treatment groups, while BCL6, BHLHE40, FOXA1, and EGR1 were significantly down-regulated. Conclusions The novel TFs-miRNA-mRNA network that we constructed could provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of IPF. ARNTL, TRIM28, EZH2, BCOR, ASXL1, BCL6, BHLHE40, FOXA1, and EGR1 may play important roles in IPF and become effective biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Lv K, Wang Y, Lou P, Liu S, Zhou P, Yang L, Lu Y, Cheng J, Liu J. Extracellular vesicles as advanced therapeutics for the resolution of organ fibrosis: Current progress and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042983. [PMCID: PMC9630482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrosis is a serious health challenge worldwide, and its global incidence and medical burden are increasing dramatically each year. Fibrosis can occur in nearly all major organs and ultimately lead to organ dysfunction. However, current clinical treatments cannot slow or reverse the progression of fibrosis to end-stage organ failure, and thus advanced anti-fibrotic therapeutics are urgently needed. As a type of naturally derived nanovesicle, native extracellular vesicles (EVs) from multiple cell types (e.g., stem cells, immune cells, and tissue cells) have been shown to alleviate organ fibrosis in many preclinical models through multiple effective mechanisms, such as anti-inflammation, pro-angiogenesis, inactivation of myofibroblasts, and fibrinolysis of ECM components. Moreover, the therapeutic potency of native EVs can be further enhanced by multiple engineering strategies, such as genetic modifications, preconditionings, therapeutic reagent-loadings, and combination with functional biomaterials. In this review, we briefly introduce the pathology and current clinical treatments of organ fibrosis, discuss EV biology and production strategies, and particularly focus on important studies using native or engineered EVs as interventions to attenuate tissue fibrosis. This review provides insights into the development and translation of EV-based nanotherapies into clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lv
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Lou
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingya Zhou
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jingping Liu,
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16
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Soccio P, Moriondo G, Lacedonia D, Tondo P, Quarato CMI, Foschino Barbaro MP, Scioscia G. EVs-miRNA: The New Molecular Markers for Chronic Respiratory Diseases. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101544. [PMID: 36294979 PMCID: PMC9605003 DOI: 10.3390/life12101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and sleep disorders are chronic respiratory diseases that affect the airways, compromising lung function over time. These diseases affect hundreds of millions of people around the world and their frequency seems to be increasing every year. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small-sized vesicles released by every cell in the body. They are present in most body fluids and contain various biomolecules including proteins, lipids, mRNA and non-coding RNA (micro-RNA). The EVs can release their cargo, specifically micro-RNAs (miRNAs), to both neighboring and/or distal cells, playing a fundamental role in cell-cell communication. Recent studies have shown their possible role in the pathogenesis of various chronic respiratory diseases. The expression of miRNAs and, in particular, of miRNAs contained within the extracellular vesicles seems to be a good starting point in order to identify new potential biomarkers of disease, allowing a non-invasive clinical diagnosis. In this review we summarize some studies, present in the literature, about the functions of extracellular vesicles and miRNAs contained in extracellular vesicles in chronic respiratory diseases and we discuss the potential clinical applications of EVs and EVs-miRNAs for their possible use such as future biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Soccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Moriondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Carla Maria Irene Quarato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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17
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Kletukhina S, Mutallapova G, Titova A, Gomzikova M. Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911212. [PMID: 36232511 PMCID: PMC9569825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial fibrotic disease that leads to disability and death within 5 years of diagnosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease with a multifactorial etiology. The concept of aberrant regeneration of the pulmonary epithelium reveals the pathogenesis of IPF, according to which repeated damage and death of alveolar epithelial cells is the main mechanism leading to the development of progressive IPF. Cell death provokes the migration, proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, which overproduce extracellular matrix, resulting in fibrotic deformity of the lung tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapies for pulmonary fibrosis. MSCs, and EVs derived from MSCs, modulate the activity of immune cells, inhibit the expression of profibrotic genes, reduce collagen deposition and promote the repair of damaged lung tissue. This review considers the molecular mechanisms of the development of IPF and the multifaceted role of MSCs in the therapy of IPF. Currently, EVs-MSCs are regarded as a promising cell-free therapy tool, so in this review we discuss the results available to date of the use of EVs-MSCs for lung tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevindzh Kletukhina
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Guzel Mutallapova
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Angelina Titova
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina Gomzikova
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-917-8572269
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18
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Exosomal Micro-RNAs as Intercellular Communicators in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911047. [PMID: 36232350 PMCID: PMC9569972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between neighboring or distant cells is made through a complex network that includes extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes, which are a subgroup of EVs, are released from most cell types and have been found in biological fluids such as urine, plasma, and airway secretions like bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), nasal lavage, saliva, and sputum. Mainly, the cargo exosomes are enriched with mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), which can be transferred to a recipient cell consequently modifying and redirecting its biological function. The effects of miRNAs derive from their role as gene expression regulators by repressing or degrading their target mRNAs. Nowadays, various types of research are focused on evaluating the potential of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of different pathologies. Nevertheless, there are few reports on their role in the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic lung disease characterized by progressive lung scarring with no cure. In this review, we focus on the role and effect of exosomal miRNAs as intercellular communicators in the onset and progression of IPF, as well as discussing their potential utility as therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease.
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19
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Fujita Y. Extracellular vesicles in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenesis and therapeutics. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:23. [PMID: 35909143 PMCID: PMC9341048 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease that occurs due to increased fibrosis of lung tissue in response to chronic injury of the epithelium. Therapeutic options for IPF remain limited as current therapies only function to decrease disease progression. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, have been recognized as paracrine communicators through the component cargo. The population of cell-specific microRNAs and proteins present in EVs can regulate gene expressions of recipient cells, resulting in modulation of biological activities. EV cargoes reflect cell types and their physiological and pathological status of donor cells. Many current researches have highlighted the functions of EVs on the epithelial phenotype and fibroproliferative response in the pathogenesis of IPF. Furthermore, some native EVs could be used as a cell-free therapeutic approach for IPF as vehicles for drug delivery, given their intrinsic biocompatibility and specific target activity. EV-based therapies have been proposed as a new potential alternative to cell-based approaches. The advantage is that EVs, depending on their source, may be less immunogenic than their parental cells, likely due to a lower abundance of transmembrane proteins such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on the surface. In the last decade, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs have been rapidly developed as therapeutic products ready for clinical trials against various diseases. Considering EV functional complexity and heterogeneity, there is an urgent need to establish refined systemic standards for manufacturing processes and regulatory requirements of these medicines. This review highlights the EV-mediated cellular crosstalk involved in IPF pathogenesis and discusses the potential for EV-based therapeutics as a novel treatment modality for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fujita
- Department of Translational Research for Exosomes, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. .,Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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20
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Microenvironment Targeted Delivery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152322. [PMID: 35954166 PMCID: PMC9367455 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects an increasing number of people globally, yet treatment options remain limited. At present, conventional treatments depending on drug therapy do not show an ideal effect in reversing the lung damage or extending the lives of IPF patients. In recent years, more and more attention has focused on extracellular vesicles (EVs) which show extraordinary therapeutic effects in inflammation, fibrosis disease, and tissue damage repair in many kinds of disease therapy. More importantly, EVs can be modified or used as a drug or cytokine delivery tool, targeting injury sites to enhance treatment efficiency. In light of this, the treatment strategy of mesenchymal stem cell-extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) targeting the pulmonary microenvironment for IPF provides a new idea for the treatment of IPF. In this review, we summarized the inflammation, immune dysregulation, and extracellular matrix microenvironment (ECM) disorders in the IPF microenvironment in order to reveal the treatment strategy of MSC-EVs targeting the pulmonary microenvironment for IPF.
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21
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Feng Y, Li Y, Xu M, Meng H, Dai C, Yao Z, Lin N. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibit hepatic fibrosis via the AABR07028795.2/rno-miR-667-5p axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:375. [PMID: 35902883 PMCID: PMC9331515 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in treating hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. Methods TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-T6 and CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis rats were treated with BMSCs. HSC-T6 cell activity was determined using the cell counting kit-8 assay, and the histology change was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining. The expression of fibrosis markers was determined using real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to screen the lncRNAs involved in the effect of BMSCs in fibrosis, and the function of fibrosis-associated lncRNA in fibrosis histology change and fibrosis marker expression was investigated. The potential miRNA target of lncRNA was predicted using R software. The interaction between lncRNA and miRNA was verified using luciferase report system and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) in 293T and HSC-T6 cells. Results BMSC attenuated TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 activation and suppressed the expression of fibrosis-associated gene (MMP2, Collagen I, and αSMA) expression at the transcription and translation levels. BMSC treatment also improves hepatic fibrosis in rats with CCl4-induced fibrosis by decreasing the expression of fibrosis-associated genes and suppressing collagen deposition in the liver. RNA-seq revealed that AABR07028795.2 (lnc-BIHAA1) was downregulated in the TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 after treatment with BMSCs as compared with those in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6, and subsequently, functional analysis showed that lnc-BIHAA1 plays a beneficial role in suppressing hepatic fibrosis. Luciferase activity assay and RIP revealed that lnc-BIHAA1 interacted with the miRNA, rno-miR-667-5p, functioning as a fibrosis phenotype suppressor in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6. Moreover, overexpression of rno-miR-667-5p significantly reverses the effect of lnc-BIHAA1 on HSC-T6. Conclusions BMSC treatment suppresses hepatic fibrosis by downregulating the lnc-BIHAA1/rno-miR-667-5p signaling pathway in HSCs. Our results provide a scientific basis for establishing BMSCs as a biological treatment method for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingxing Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Cao Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for immunomodulation and regeneration: a next generation therapeutic tool? Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:580. [PMID: 35787632 PMCID: PMC9252569 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be widely isolated from various tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, with the potential for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. There is compelling evidence that the therapeutic effect of MSCs mainly depends on their paracrine action. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are fundamental paracrine effectors of MSCs and play a crucial role in intercellular communication, existing in various body fluids and cell supernatants. Since MSC-derived EVs retain the function of protocells and have lower immunogenicity, they have a wide range of prospective therapeutic applications with advantages over cell therapy. We describe some characteristics of MSC-EVs, and discuss their role in immune regulation and regeneration, with emphasis on the molecular mechanism and application of MSC-EVs in the treatment of fibrosis and support tissue repair. We also highlight current challenges in the clinical application of MSC-EVs and potential ways to overcome the problem of quality heterogeneity.
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23
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Wang J, Ma Y, Long Y, Chen Y. Extracellular Vesicle Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells Have Bidirectional Effects on the Development of Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:914832. [PMID: 35860555 PMCID: PMC9289533 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.914832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell is a kind of pluripotent cells with the ability of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, which exist in bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord tissue, placenta tissue, adipose tissue and so on. Extracellular vesicles are membranous lipid vesicles secreted by a variety of cells and widely present in body fluids, which contain proteins, mRNA, microRNA and other substances, and are an important medium of intercellular communication. At present, more and more evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles play an important role in the development of lung cancer. Regulating the levels of proteins, RNAs and other substances in MSC-EVs and then transplanting them into patients may be a new way to alleviate the development of lung cancer. We mainly introduce the role of extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose mesenchymal stem cells in lung cancer, to provide new alternatives for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjiao Long
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjiao Long,
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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24
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Cadena-Suárez AR, Hernández-Hernández HA, Alvarado-Vásquez N, Rangel-Escareño C, Sommer B, Negrete-García MC. Role of MicroRNAs in Signaling Pathways Associated with the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Focus on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126613. [PMID: 35743055 PMCID: PMC9224458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disease with high mortality and unclear etiology. Previous evidence supports that the origin of this disease is associated with epigenetic alterations, age, and environmental factors. IPF initiates with chronic epithelial lung injuries, followed by basal membrane destruction, which promotes the activation of myofibroblasts and excessive synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Due to miRNAs’ role as regulators of apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and cell-cell interaction processes, some studies have involved miRNAs in the biogenesis and progression of IPF. In this context, the analysis and discussion of the probable association of miRNAs with the signaling pathways involved in the development of IPF would improve our knowledge of the associated molecular mechanisms, thereby facilitating its evaluation as a therapeutic target for this severe lung disease. In this work, the most recent publications evaluating the role of miRNAs as regulators or activators of signal pathways associated with the pathogenesis of IPF were analyzed. The search in Pubmed was made using the following terms: “miRNAs and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)”; “miRNAs and IPF and signaling pathways (SP)”; and “miRNAs and IPF and SP and IPF pathogenesis”. Additionally, we focus mainly on those works where the signaling pathways involved with EMT, fibroblast differentiation, and synthesis of ECM components were assessed. Finally, the importance and significance of miRNAs as potential therapeutic or diagnostic tools for the treatment of IPF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruth Cadena-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calz. Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.R.C.-S.); (H.A.H.-H.)
| | - Hilda Arely Hernández-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calz. Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.R.C.-S.); (H.A.H.-H.)
| | - Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calz. Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Rangel-Escareño
- Departamento de Genomica Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
- Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Epigmenio González 500, San Pablo 76130, Mexico
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calz. Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - María Cristina Negrete-García
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calz. Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.R.C.-S.); (H.A.H.-H.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Li R, Jia Y, Kong X, Nie Y, Deng Y, Liu Y. Novel drug delivery systems and disease models for pulmonary fibrosis. J Control Release 2022; 348:95-114. [PMID: 35636615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious and progressive lung disease which is possibly life-threatening. It causes lung scarring and affects lung functions including epithelial cell injury, massive recruitment of immune cells and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). There is currently no cure for PF. Treatment for PF is aimed at slowing the course of the disease and relieving symptoms. Pirfenidone (PFD) and nintedanib (NDNB) are currently the only two FDA-approved oral medicines to slow down the progress of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a specific type of PF. Novel drug delivery systems and therapies have been developed to improve the prognosis of the disease, as well as reduce or minimize the toxicities during drug treatment. The drug delivery routes for these therapies are various including oral, intravenous, nasal, inhalant, intratracheal and transdermal; although this is dependent on specific treatment mechanisms. In addition, researchers have also expanded current animal models that could not fully restore the clinicopathology, and developed a series of in vitro models such as organoids to study the pathogenesis and treatment of PF. This review describes recent advances on pathogenesis exploration, classifies and specifies the progress of drug delivery systems by their delivery routes, as well as an overview on the in vitro and in vivo models for PF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yizhen Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaohan Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yichu Nie
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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26
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Filidou E, Kandilogiannakis L, Tarapatzi G, Spathakis M, Steiropoulos P, Mikroulis D, Arvanitidis K, Paspaliaris V, Kolios G. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Fibrotic Effect of Immortalized Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium on Human Lung Myofibroblasts and Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094570. [PMID: 35562961 PMCID: PMC9102072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is caused by progressive lung tissue impairment due to extended chronic fibrosis, and it has no known effective treatment. The use of conditioned media (CM) from an immortalized human adipose mesenchymal stem cell line could be a promising therapeutic strategy, as it can reduce both fibrotic and inflammatory responses. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect of CM on human pulmonary subepithelial myofibroblasts (hPSM) and on A549 pulmonary epithelial cells, treated with pro-inflammatory or pro-fibrotic mediators. CM inhibited the proinflammatory cytokine-induced mRNA and protein production of various chemokines in both hPSMs and A549 cells. It also downregulated the mRNA expression of IL-1α, but upregulated IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA production in both cell types. CM downregulated the pro-fibrotic-induced mRNA expression of collagen Type III and the migration rate of hPSMs, but upregulated fibronectin mRNA production and the total protein collagen secretion. CM's direct effect on the chemotaxis and cell recruitment of immune-associated cells, and its indirect effect on fibrosis through the significant decrease in the migration capacity of hPSMs, makes it a plausible candidate for further development towards a therapeutic treatment for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (M.S.); (K.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Leonidas Kandilogiannakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (M.S.); (K.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Gesthimani Tarapatzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (M.S.); (K.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Michail Spathakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (M.S.); (K.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Mikroulis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (M.S.); (K.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Vasilis Paspaliaris
- Vasilis Paspaliaris, Tithon Biotech Inc., 11440 West Bernardo Court, Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92127, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +1-88-8780-2639
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.F.); (L.K.); (G.T.); (M.S.); (K.A.); (G.K.)
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27
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Yang S, Liu P, Gao T, Song D, Zhao X, Li Y, Wu J, Wang L, Wang Z, Hao J, Wang C, Dai H. Every road leads to Rome: therapeutic effect and mechanism of the extracellular vesicles of human embryonic stem cell-derived immune and matrix regulatory cells administered to mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis through different routes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:163. [PMID: 35413874 PMCID: PMC9006546 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease. Whether extracellular vesicles are effective in treating IPF and what is the optimal administrative route is not clear. Our previous studies have shown that immunity and matrix regulatory cells (IMRCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells can safely treat lung injury and fibrosis in mouse models, and its mechanism of action is related to the paracrine effect. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of IMRC-derived extracellular vesicles (IMRC-EVs) on a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model and explored the optimal route of administration. Methods To study the biodistribution of IMRC-EVs after administration via different routes, NIR labeled-IMRC-EVs were delivered by intratracheal (IT) or intravenous (IV) route, and in vivo imaging was acquired at different time points. The therapeutic effects of IMRC-EVs delivered by different routes were analyzed by assessing histology, lung function, cytokines levels, and transcriptome profiling. RNA-seq of lung tissues was performed to investigate the mechanisms of EV treatment through IT or IV administrations. Results IMRC-EVs mainly reserved in the liver and spleen when administrated via IV route; and mainly retained in the lungs via the IT route. IMRC-EVs administrated via both routes demonstrated a therapeutic effect as attenuated pulmonary fibrosis, improved lung function, and histological parameters. Based on our RNA-seq results, different pathways may be affected by IMRC-EVs administrated via IT or IV routes. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that IMRC-EVs inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β. Conclusion IMRC-EVs administrated via IT or IV routes generate different biodistributions, but are both effective for the treatment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The therapeutic mechanisms of IMRC-EVs administrated via different routes may be different. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02839-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Yang
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dingyun Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Wu
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liu Wang
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zai Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jie Hao
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China. .,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China. .,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
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28
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Wu R, Fan X, Wang Y, Shen M, Zheng Y, Zhao S, Yang L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Immunity and Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833878. [PMID: 35309311 PMCID: PMC8930843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as the most common cell source for stem cell therapy, play an important role in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and have been widely used in clinical trials to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Recent experimental and clinical studies have shown that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) can inhibit the activation and proliferation of a variety of proinflammatory cells, such as Th1, Th17 and M1 macrophages, reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, while promoting the proliferation of anti-inflammatory cells, such as M2 macrophages and Tregs, and increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus playing a role in immune regulation and exhibiting immunomodulatory functions. Besides MSC-EVs are more convenient and less immunogenic than MSCs. There is growing interest in the role of MSC-EVs in liver diseases owing to the intrinsic liver tropism of MSC-EVs. In this review, we focus on the immunomodulatory effects of MSC-EVs and summarize the pivotal roles of MSC-EVs as a cell-free therapy in liver diseases, including NAFLD, AIH, acute liver failure, liver fibrosis and hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury. Moreover, we provide a concise overview of the potential use and limits of MSC-EVs in clinical application.
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29
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Ma Y, Liu X, Long Y, Chen Y. Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: An Overview of Recent Progress. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:845042. [PMID: 35284423 PMCID: PMC8913891 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.845042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are able to carry genetic and protein goods to mediate the interaction between MSCs and target cells. Recently, more and more researches have focused on the therapeutic role of MSC-EVs in chronic respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarize the cumulative strategies and mechanisms of MSC-EVs in treating chronic respiratory diseases. This review suggests that MSC-EVs may serve as a novel cell-free-based therapy for chronic respiratory diseases, including COPD, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. In current studies of chronic respiratory diseases, umbilical cord and bone marrow are main sources of MSC-EVs, while adipose tissue, lung, and induced pluripotent stem cells are also applied. Isolation methods of MSC-EVs in treating chronic respiratory diseases involve ultracentrifugation, exosome extraction kits and anion-exchange chromatography. Intratracheal delivery and intravenous administration are the most widely used routes of MSC-EVs. MSC-EVs are able to transfer microRNAs and protein to target cells and further magnify the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Chen
- *Correspondence: Yan Chen, ; Yingjiao Long,
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30
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Ramírez-Hernández AA, Velázquez-Enríquez JM, Santos-Álvarez JC, López-Martínez A, Reyes-Jiménez E, Carrasco-Torres G, González-García K, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Baltierrez-Hoyos R. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression: An Approach on Their Therapeutics Potential. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040630. [PMID: 35203281 PMCID: PMC8870588 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrosing interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. Different types of cells are involved in fibrogenesis, which is persistently physical and molecular stimulation, either directly or by interacting with bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Current evidence suggests that EVs play an essential role in IPF development. EVs are released by a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and alveolar macrophages. In addition, EVs can transport bioactive molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which play a pivotal role in cellular communication. Several proposed mechanisms show that an acceptor cell can capture, absorb, or interact with EVs through direct fusion with the plasma membrane, ligand–receptor interaction, and endocytotic process, modifying the target cell. During fibrogenesis, the release of EVs is deregulated, increases the EVs amount, and the cargo content is modified. This alteration is closely associated with the maintenance of the fibrotic microenvironment. This review summarizes the current data on the participation of EVs secreted by the cells playing a critical role in IPF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Aurora Ramírez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico; (A.A.R.-H.); (J.M.V.-E.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (A.L.-M.); (E.R.-J.); (K.G.-G.)
| | - Juan Manuel Velázquez-Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico; (A.A.R.-H.); (J.M.V.-E.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (A.L.-M.); (E.R.-J.); (K.G.-G.)
| | - Jovito Cesar Santos-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico; (A.A.R.-H.); (J.M.V.-E.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (A.L.-M.); (E.R.-J.); (K.G.-G.)
| | - Armando López-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico; (A.A.R.-H.); (J.M.V.-E.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (A.L.-M.); (E.R.-J.); (K.G.-G.)
| | - Edilburga Reyes-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico; (A.A.R.-H.); (J.M.V.-E.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (A.L.-M.); (E.R.-J.); (K.G.-G.)
| | - Gabriela Carrasco-Torres
- Departamento de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, la laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico;
| | - Karina González-García
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico; (A.A.R.-H.); (J.M.V.-E.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (A.L.-M.); (E.R.-J.); (K.G.-G.)
| | - Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico;
| | - Rafael Baltierrez-Hoyos
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez 68120, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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31
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Yang T, Wang J, Zhao J, Liu Y. Current and prospective applications of exosomal microRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:37. [PMID: 35088880 PMCID: PMC8815412 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, irreversible and life‑threatening lung disease. However, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of this condition remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are structures derived from the plasma membrane, with a diameter ranging from 30 nm to 5 µm, that play an important role in cell‑to‑cell communications in lung disease, particularly between epithelial cells and the pulmonary microenvironment. In particular, exosomes are a type of EV that can deliver cargo molecules, including endogenous proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, such as microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs). These cargo molecules are encapsulated in lipid bilayers through target cell internalization, receptor‑ligand interactions or lipid membrane fusion. miRNAs are single‑stranded RNA molecules that regulate cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis by degrading target mRNAs or inhibiting translation to modulate gene expression. The aim of the present review was to discuss the current knowledge available on exosome biogenesis, composition and isolation methods. The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of PF was also reviewed. In addition, emerging diagnostic and therapeutic properties of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in PF were described, in order to highlight the potential applications of exosomal miRNAs in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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Soni DK, Biswas R. Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Lung Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:767348. [PMID: 34819948 PMCID: PMC8606426 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.767348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), notably microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have recently gained increasing consideration because of their versatile role as key regulators of gene expression. They adopt diverse mechanisms to regulate transcription and translation, and thereby, the function of the protein, which is associated with several major biological processes. For example, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolic pathways demand fine-tuning for the precise development of a specific tissue or organ. The deregulation of ncRNA expression is concomitant with multiple diseases, including lung diseases. This review highlights recent advances in the post-transcriptional regulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Further, we also discuss the emerging role of ncRNAs as biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for lung diseases. However, more investigations are required to explore miRNAs and lncRNAs interaction, and their function in the regulation of mRNA expression. Understanding these mechanisms might lead to early diagnosis and the development of novel therapeutics for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Soni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Papukashvili D, Rcheulishvili N, Liu C, Xie F, Tyagi D, He Y, Wang PG. Perspectives on miRNAs Targeting DKK1 for Developing Hair Regeneration Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:2957. [PMID: 34831180 PMCID: PMC8616136 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) remains an unsolved problem for the well-being of humankind, although multiple important involvements in hair growth have been discovered. Up until now, there is no ideal therapy in clinical practice in terms of efficacy and safety. Ultimately, there is a strong need for developing a feasible remedy for preventing and treating AGA. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is critical in hair restoration. Thus, AGA treatment via modulating this pathway is rational, although challenging. Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) is distinctly identified as an inhibitor of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Thus, in order to stimulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, inhibition of DKK1 is greatly demanding. Studying DKK1-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may lay the groundwork for the promotion of hair growth. Bearing in mind that DKK1 inhibition in the balding scalp of AGA certainly makes sense, this review sheds light on the perspectives of miRNA-mediated hair growth for treating AGA via regulating DKK1 and, eventually, modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Consequently, certain miRNAs regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via DKK1 inhibition might represent attractive candidates for further studies focusing on promoting hair growth and AGA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yunjiao He
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (D.P.); (N.R.); (C.L.); (F.X.); (D.T.)
| | - Peng George Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (D.P.); (N.R.); (C.L.); (F.X.); (D.T.)
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Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate renal fibrosis via delivery of miR-186-5p. Hum Cell 2021; 35:83-97. [PMID: 34585365 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has shown that mesenchymal stem cells' (MSCs) therapy has potential application in treating chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, MSCs-derived exosomes can improve the renal function and prevent the progression of CKD. However, the mechanisms by which MSCs-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) ameliorate renal fibrosis in CKD remain largely unclear. To mimic an in vitro model of renal fibrosis, rat kidney tubular epithelial cells (NRK52E) were stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. In addition, we established an in vivo model of unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis. Meanwhile, we exploited exosomes derived from MSCs for delivering miR-186-5p agomir into NRK52E cells or kidneys in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we found that level of miR-186-5p was significantly downregulated in TGF-β1-stimulated NRK52E cells and the obstructed kidneys of UUO mice. In addition, miR-186-5p can be transferred from MSCs to NRK52E cells via exosomes. MSCs-delivered miR-186-5p markedly reduced the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, and inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis in TGF-β1-stimulated NRK52E cells. Moreover, exosomal miR-186-5p from MSCs attenuated kidney injury and fibrosis in a UUO mouse model via inhibition of the ECM protein accumulation and EMT process. Meanwhile, dual-luciferase assay showed that miR-186-5p downregulated Smad5 expression via direct binding with the 3'-UTR of Smad5. Collectively then, these findings indicated that exosomal miR-186-5p derived from MSCs could attenuate renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by downregulation of Smad5. These findings may help to understand the role of MSCs' exosomes in alleviating renal fibrosis in CKD.
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Huang Y, Yang L. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in therapy against fibrotic diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:435. [PMID: 34348793 PMCID: PMC8334330 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is likely to occur in many tissues and organs to induce cicatrisation and dysfunction. The therapeutic regimens for delaying and even reversing fibrosis are quite limited at present. In nearly a decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely acknowledged as useful in treating fibrotic diseases in preclinical and clinical trials. Further preclinical studies indicated that the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are probably superior to that of MSCs. At present, MSC-EVs have attracted much attention in treating fibrosis of lung, liver, kidney, skin, and heart. By contrast, a significant knowledge-gap remains in treating fibrosis of other tissues and organs (including uterus, gastrointestinal tract, and peritoneum) with the aid of MSC-EVs. This review summarises the preclinical research status of MSC-EVs in treating fibrotic diseases and proposes solutions to existing problems, which contribute to further clinical research on the treatment of fibrotic diseases with MSC-EVs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Huang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155th Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155th Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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