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An Q, Zhou Z, Xu C, Xiao Q. Exosomes derived from mir-337-3p over-expressing tendon stem cells protect against apoptosis of tenocytes via targeting caspase3. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:561. [PMID: 39030590 PMCID: PMC11264700 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendons are important dense fibrous structures connecting muscle to bone, and tendon stem cells (TDSCs) affect their repair and regeneration. The role of TDSC-derived exosomes (TDSC-Exos) is still being unexplored; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of TDSC-Exos on tenocytes. METHODS The TDSCs and tenocytes were all derived from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The expression of positive and negative markers of TDSCs were detected by flow cytometry, and the multi-differentiation ability was also detected to identify TDSCs. Exos were derived from TDSCs using ultracentrifugation; furthermore, Exos enriched with microRNA(miR)-377-3p were generated from TDSCs stably overexpressing miR-377-3p after transfection, identified with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot and PKH26 staining assay. Moreover, the cell functions of tenocytes were evaluated by MTT, EdU, transwell, and flow cytometry. Dual luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were used to verify the binding sites of miR-337-3p and caspase3 (CASP3) predicted by Targetscan. RESULTS Exos (miR-337-3p) were taken up by tenocytes, and promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion and suppressed the apoptosis of tenocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis showed that CASP3 was a target of miR-377-3p, which was further verified by luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. Moreover, over-expressed CASP3 reversed the effects of Exos (miR-337-3p) on cell functions of tenocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Exos derived from miR-337-3p over-expressing TDSCs could potentially protect against tenocyte apoptosis by regulating CASP3. This novel therapeutic approach holds promise for the treatment of tendon injury, offering a glimmer of hope for improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing An
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of JinZhou Medical University, No.2, Renmin Street, Section 5, Guta District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, 121000, China
| | - Zipeng Zhou
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of JinZhou Medical University, No.2, Renmin Street, Section 5, Guta District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, 121000, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of JinZhou Medical University, No.2, Renmin Street, Section 5, Guta District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, 121000, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of JinZhou Medical University, No.2, Renmin Street, Section 5, Guta District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, 121000, China.
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Zhang X, Li K, Wang C, Rao Y, Tuan RS, Wang DM, Ker DFE. Facile and rapid fabrication of a novel 3D-printable, visible light-crosslinkable and bioactive polythiourethane for large-to-massive rotator cuff tendon repair. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:439-458. [PMID: 38698918 PMCID: PMC11063952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Facile and rapid 3D fabrication of strong, bioactive materials can address challenges that impede repair of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears including personalized grafts, limited mechanical support, and inadequate tissue regeneration. Herein, we developed a facile and rapid methodology that generates visible light-crosslinkable polythiourethane (PHT) pre-polymer resin (∼30 min at room temperature), yielding 3D-printable scaffolds with tendon-like mechanical attributes capable of delivering tenogenic bioactive factors. Ex vivo characterization confirmed successful fabrication, robust human supraspinatus tendon (SST)-like tensile properties (strength: 23 MPa, modulus: 459 MPa, at least 10,000 physiological loading cycles without failure), excellent suture retention (8.62-fold lower than acellular dermal matrix (ADM)-based clinical graft), slow degradation, and controlled release of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3). In vitro studies showed cytocompatibility and growth factor-mediated tenogenic-like differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In vivo studies demonstrated biocompatibility (3-week mouse subcutaneous implantation) and ability of growth factor-containing scaffolds to notably regenerate at least 1-cm of tendon with native-like biomechanical attributes as uninjured shoulder (8-week, large-to-massive 1-cm gap rabbit rotator cuff injury). This study demonstrates use of a 3D-printable, strong, and bioactive material to provide mechanical support and pro-regenerative cues for challenging injuries such as large-to-massive rotator cuff tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Ke Li
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Rao
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Dan Michelle Wang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
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Zhang B, Pei Z, He W, Feng W, Hao T, Sun M, Yang X, Wang X, Kong X, Chang J, Liu G, Bai R, Wang C, Zheng F. 3D-printed porous zinc scaffold combined with bioactive serum exosomes promotes bone defect repair in rabbit radius. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9625-9648. [PMID: 38829771 PMCID: PMC11210218 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the repair of large bone defects still faces numerous challenges, with the most crucial being the lack of large bone grafts with good osteogenic properties. In this study, a novel bone repair implant (degradable porous zinc scaffold/BF Exo composite implant) was developed by utilizing laser melting rapid prototyping 3D printing technology to fabricate a porous zinc scaffold, combining it under vacuum conditions with highly bioactive serum exosomes (BF EXO) and Poloxamer 407 thermosensitive hydrogel. The electron microscope revealed the presence of tea saucer-shaped exosomes with a double-layered membrane structure, ranging in diameter from 30-150 nm, with an average size of 86.3 nm and a concentration of 3.28E+09 particles/mL. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the zinc scaffold displayed no significant cytotoxicity, and loading exosomes enhanced the zinc scaffold's ability to promote osteogenic cell activity while inhibiting osteoclast activity. In vivo experiments on rabbits indicated that the hepatic and renal toxicity of the zinc scaffold decreased over time, and the loading of exosomes alleviated the hepatic and renal toxic effects of the zinc scaffold. Throughout various stages of repairing radial bone defects in rabbits, loading exosomes reinforced the zinc scaffold's capacity to enhance osteogenic cell activity, suppress osteoclast activity, and promote angiogenesis. This effect may be attributed to BF Exo's regulation of p38/STAT1 signaling. This study signifies that the combined treatment of degradable porous zinc scaffolds and BF Exo is an effective and biocompatible strategy for bone defect repair therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Zhiwei Pei
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Wanxiong He
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Ting Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Mingqi Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bayannur City Hospital, Bayannur 015000, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Jiale Chang
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Biomaterials Research Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metallic Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Shaanxi 710016, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining 810000, Qinghai, China
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Wang B, Chen Q, Zou X, Zheng P, Zhu J. Advances in non-coding RNA in tendon injuries. Front Genet 2024; 15:1396195. [PMID: 38836038 PMCID: PMC11148651 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1396195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Tendons serve as important weight-bearing structures that smoothly transfer forces from muscles to skeletal parts, allowing contracted muscle movements to be translated into corresponding joint movements. For body mechanics, tendon tissue plays an important role. If the tendons are damaged to varying degrees, it can lead to disability or pain in patients. That is to say, tendon injuries havea significant impact on quality of life and deserve our high attention. Compared to other musculoskeletal tissues, tendons are hypovascular and hypo-cellular, and therefore have a greater ability to heal, this will lead to a longer recovery period after injury or even disability, which will significantly affect the quality of life. There are many causes of tendon injury, including trauma, genetic factors, inflammation, aging, and long-term overuse, and the study of related mechanisms is of great significance. Currently, tendon there are different treatment modalities, like injection therapy and surgical interventions. However, they have a high failure rate due to different reasons, among which the formation of adhesions severely weakens the tissue strength, affecting the functional recovery and the patient's quality of life. A large amount of data has shown that non coding RNAs can play a huge role in this field, thus attracting widespread attention from researchers from various countries. This review summarizes the relevant research progress on non-coding RNAs in tendon injuries, providing new ideas for a deeper understanding of tendon injuries and exploring new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Plastics, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Taizhou, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodi Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Plastics, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Taizhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Russo V, Prencipe G, Mauro A, El Khatib M, Haidar-Montes AA, Cambise N, Turriani M, Stöckl J, Steinberger P, Lancia L, Schnabelrauch M, Berardinelli P, Barboni B. Assessing the functional potential of conditioned media derived from amniotic epithelial stem cells engineered on 3D biomimetic scaffolds: An in vitro model for tendon regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:101001. [PMID: 38420144 PMCID: PMC10899023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tendon diseases pose a significant challenge in regenerative medicine due to the limited healing capacity of this tissue. Successful tendon regeneration requires a combination of angiogenesis, immune response, and tenogenesis processes. An effective tendon engineering (TE) strategy must finely tune this systems' interplay toward homeostasis. This study explores in vitro the paracrine influence of amniotic epithelial stem cells (AECs) engineered on a validated 3D electrospun PLGA scaffolds on HUVECs (angiogenesis), PBMCs/Jurkat (immune response), and AECs (tenogenic stem cell activation). The results revealed the role of scaffold's topology and topography in significantly modulating the paracrine profile of the cells. In detail, AECs basal release of bioactive molecules was boosted in the cells engineered on 3D scaffolds, in particular VEGF-D, b-FGF, RANTES, and PDGF-BB (p < 0.0001 vs. CMCTR). Moreover, biological tests demonstrated 3D scaffolds' proactive role in potentiating AECs' paracrine inhibition on PBMCs proliferation (CM3Dvs. CTR, p < 0.001) and LPS-mediated Jurkat activation with respect to controls (CM3D and CM2Dvs. CTR, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), without exerting any in vitro pro-angiogenic role in promoting HUVECs proliferation and tubule formation. Teno-inductive paracrine ability of AECs engineered on 3D scaffolds was assessed on co-cultured ones, which formed tendon-like structures. These latter demonstrated an upregulation of tendon-related genes (SCX, THBS4, COL1, and TNMD) and the expression TNMD and COL1 proteins. Overall, this research underscores the pivotal role of the 3D topology and topography of PLGA tendon mimetic scaffolds in orchestrating effective tendon regeneration through modulating cell behavior and crosstalk between engineered stem cells and different subpopulations in the damaged tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Russo
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Prencipe
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Mohammad El Khatib
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Arlette A Haidar-Montes
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Nico Cambise
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Research & Development Department, Assut Europe S.p.A., Magliano dei Marsi, 67062 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maura Turriani
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Loreto Lancia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Han L, Hu N, Wang C, Ye Z, Wang T, Lan F. Platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes promote rotator cuff tendon-bone healing. Injury 2024; 55:111212. [PMID: 37984013 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotator cuff tear (RCT) is the most common type of shoulder joint injury, platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes (PRP-exos) are highly promising in tissue repair and regeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine the function of PRP-exos in rotator cuff tendon-bone healing. METHODS PRP-exos were isolated from the rabbit whole blood by differential ultracentrifugation and characterized through transmission electron microscopy assay, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blotting. Alkaline phosphatase and Von Kossa staining were used to show tendon-derived stem cell (TDSC) differentiation. RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed to detect COL II, SOX-9, and TIMP-1. To determine the therapeutic effects of PRP-exos in vivo. Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into control, model, and PRP-exos groups. The RCT animal model was constructed. The changes in tendon-bone tissue were determined by HE staining. Contents of COL-II, SOX-9, and TIMP-1 were determined by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS PRP-exos were successfully isolated from rabbit blood. PRP-exos promoted TDSC proliferation and differentiation and also induced tendon-specific markers COL II, SOX-9, and TIMP-1 production. In vivo study revealed that PRP-exos promoted early healing of injured tendons. Rabbits treated with PRP-exos had better tissue arrangement in the tear site. Additionally, the contents of COL II, SOX-9, and TIMP-1 were also increased in the RCT rabbit model after PRP-exos treatment. CONCLUSIONS PRP-exos enhanced tendon-bone healing by promoting TDSC proliferation and differentiation. This finding indicates that PRP-exos can serve as a promising strategy to treat rotator cuff tendon-bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 321000, China
| | - Ningrui Hu
- School of Clinical Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Canfeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 321000, China
| | - Zhengcong Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 321000, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangnan Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 321000, China
| | - Fang Lan
- Department of Orthopedics, Lishui TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), No.800, Zhongshan Street, Lishui, 323000, China.
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Yanuar A, Agustina H, Budhiparama NC, Atik N. Prospect of Exosome in Ligament Healing: A Systematical Review. Stem Cells Cloning 2023; 16:91-101. [PMID: 38162837 PMCID: PMC10757805 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s438023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The relationship between ligaments and bone is a complex and heterogeneous junction involving bone, mineralized fibro cartilage, non-mineralized fibro cartilage and ligaments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be used in vivo to control inflammation and aid in tissue repair, according to studies. This review focused on using exosomes as an alternative to MSC, as a cell-free therapy for modulating the remodelling process. Methods To conduct a systematic review of the literature, the phrases "exosome" and "ligament" or "tendon" and "extracellular vesicle" and "stem cells" were used as the search keywords in PubMed (MEDLINE), OVID, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct. From the literature, 73 studies in all were found. Six studies were included in this systematic review after full-text evaluation. Results Six included studies covered a range of MSC types, isolation techniques, animal models, and interventions. Biomechanical results consistently indicated the beneficial impact of conditioned media, vesicles, and exosomes on treating tendons and ligaments. Noteworthy findings were the reduction of inflammation by iMSC-IEVs, chondrocyte protection by iPSC-EVs (extracellular vesicles generated by inflammation-primed adipose-derived stem cells), osteolysis treatment using DPSC-sEVs (small extracellular vesicles derived from dental pulp stem cells), and the contribution of exosome-educated macrophages to ligament injury wound healing. Conclusion Exosomes may serve as a cell-free therapeutic substitute for modulating the remodelling process, particularly in ligament healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Yanuar
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Santo Borromeus Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hasrayati Agustina
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nicolaas C Budhiparama
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nur Atik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Xue Y, Riva N, Zhao L, Shieh JS, Chin YT, Gatt A, Guo JJ. Recent advances of exosomes in soft tissue injuries in sports medicine: A critical review on biological and biomaterial applications. J Control Release 2023; 364:90-108. [PMID: 37866405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Sports medicine is generally associated with soft tissue injuries including muscle injuries, meniscus and ligament injuries, tendon ruptures, tendinopathy, rotator cuff tears, and tendon-bone healing during injuries. Tendon and ligament injuries are the most common sport injuries accounting for 30-40% of all injuries. Therapies for tendon injuries can be divided into surgical and non-surgical methods. Surgical methods mainly depend on the operative procedures, the surgeons and postoperative interventions. In non-surgical methods, cell therapy with stem cells and cell-free therapy with secretome of stem cell origin are current directions. Exosomes are the main paracrine factors of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) containing biological components such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Compared with MSCs, MSC-exosomes (MSC-exos) possess the capacity to escape phagocytosis and achieve long-term circulation. In addition, the functions of exosomes from various cell sources in soft tissue injuries in sports medicine have been gradually revealed in recent years. Along with the biological and biomaterial advances in exosomes, exosomes can be designed as drug carriers with biomaterials and exosome research is providing promising contributions in cell biology. Exosomes with biomaterial have the potential of becoming one of the novel therapeutic modalities in regenerative researches. This review summarizes the derives of exosomes in soft tissue regeneration and focuses on the biological and biomaterial mechanism and advances in exosomal therapy in soft tissue injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Xue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital/The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Nicoletta Riva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Lingying Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health of PR China, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ju-Sheng Shieh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Gatt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Department of Haematology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Jiong Jiong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, PR China.
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9
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Zhang T, Wu Y, Li X, Zhang A, Liu H, Shi M, Zhang Z, Lu W, Guo Y, Tang X, Cui Q, Li Z. Small extracellular vesicles derived from tendon stem cells promote the healing of injured Achilles tendons by regulating miR-145-3p. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:280-296. [PMID: 37806377 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic role of tendon stem cells (TSCs) in tendon-related injuries has been well documented. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are being increasingly used as new biotherapeutic agents for various diseases. Therefore, the potential function of TSC-sEVs in tendon injury repair warrants further investigation. In this study, we explored the effects of TSC-sEVs on TSC proliferation, migration, and differentiation in vitro in an autocrine manner. We further used a novel exosomal topical treatment with TSC-sEVs loaded with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel in vivo; we mixed sufficient amounts of TSC-sEVs with GelMA hydrogel to cover the damaged molded Achilles tendon tissue and then exposed them to UV irradiation for coagulation. GelMA loading ensured that TSC-sEVs were slowly released at the injury site over a long period, thereby achieving their full local therapeutic effects. Treatment with TSC-sEVs loaded with GelMA significantly improved the histological score of the regenerated tendon by increasing the tendon expression while inhibiting the formation of excessive ossification and improving the mechanical properties of the tissue. Moreover, miRNA sequencing in TSC-sEVs, TSCs, and TSCs receiving sEVs revealed that TSC-sEVs altered the miRNA expression profile of TSCs, with increased expression of miR-145-3p. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that TSC-sEVs can play a key role in treating tendon injuries and that loading them with GelMA can enhance their effect in vivo. Moreover, miR-145-3p has a major functional role in the effect of TSC-sEVs. This study offers new therapeutic ideas for the local treatment of Achilles tendon injuries using sEVs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we demonstrated that TSC-sEVs play a key role in treating tendon injuries and that loading them with GelMA hydrogel can act as a fixation and slow release in vivo. Moreover, it identifies the major functional role of miR-145-3p in the effect of TSCs that were identified and validated by miRNA sequencing. Our study provides a basis for further research on GelMA slow-release assays that have potential clinical applications. It offers new therapeutic ideas for the local treatment of Achilles tendon injuries using TSC-sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, PR China
| | - Aodan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, PR China
| | - Hengchen Liu
- Department of General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, PR China
| | - Manyu Shi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Zenan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Yujun Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Qingbo Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China.
| | - Zhaozhu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China.
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10
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Zhang C, Zhou X, Wang D, Hao L, Zeng Z, Su L. Hydrogel-Loaded Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Musculoskeletal Disorders. J Clin Pharm Ther 2023; 2023:1-36. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Clinical treatment strategies for musculoskeletal disorders have been a hot research topic. Accumulating evidence suggests that hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs show great potential in improving musculoskeletal injuries. The ideal hydrogels should be capable of promoting the development of new tissues and simulating the characteristics of target tissues, with the properties matching the cell-matrix constituents of autologous tissues. Although there have been numerous reports of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs for the repair of musculoskeletal injuries, such as intervertebral disc injury, tendinopathy, bone fractures, and cartilage injuries, there are still many hurdles to overcome before the clinical application of modified hydrogels. In this review, we focus on the advantages of the isolation technique of EVs in combination with different types of hydrogels. In this context, the efficacy of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs in different musculoskeletal injuries is discussed in detail to provide a reference for the future application of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs in the clinical treatment of musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuchang Zhou
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Hao
- Shougang Technician College, Nursing School, Beijing 100043, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Shougang Technician College, Nursing School, Beijing 100043, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
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11
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Data K, Kulus M, Ziemak H, Chwarzyński M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B. Decellularization of Dense Regular Connective Tissue-Cellular and Molecular Modification with Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:2293. [PMID: 37759515 PMCID: PMC10528602 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing of dense regular connective tissue, due to a high fiber-to-cell ratio and low metabolic activity and regeneration potential, frequently requires surgical implantation or reconstruction with high risk of reinjury. An alternative to synthetic implants is using bioscaffolds obtained through decellularization, a process where the aim is to extract cells from the tissue while preserving the tissue-specific native molecular structure of the ECM. Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other various extracellular molecules are largely involved in differentiation, proliferation, vascularization and collagen fibers deposit, making them the crucial processes in tissue regeneration. Because of the multiple possible forms of cell extraction, there is no standardized protocol in dense regular connective tissue (DRCT). Many modifications of the structure, shape and composition of the bioscaffold have also been described to improve the therapeutic result following the implantation of decellularized connective tissue. The available data provide a valuable source of crucial information. However, the wide spectrum of decellularization makes it important to understand the key aspects of bioscaffolds relative to their potential use in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Data
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Hanna Ziemak
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Chwarzyński
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiolgy Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Physiolgy Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Lu J, Chen H, Lyu K, Jiang L, Chen Y, Long L, Wang X, Shi H, Li S. The Functions and Mechanisms of Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells in Tendon Healing. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:1258024. [PMID: 37731626 PMCID: PMC10509002 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1258024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon injury is one of the prevalent disorders of the musculoskeletal system in orthopedics and is characterized by pain and limitation of joint function. Due to the difficulty of spontaneous tendon healing, and the scar tissue and low mechanical properties that usually develops after healing. Therefore, the healing of tendon injury remains a clinical challenge. Although there are a multitude of approaches to treating tendon injury, the therapeutic effects have not been satisfactory to date. Recent studies have shown that stem cell therapy has a facilitative effect on tendon healing. In particular, tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs), a type of stem cell from tendon tissue, play an important role not only in tendon development and tendon homeostasis, but also in tendon healing. Compared to other stem cells, TSPCs have the potential to spontaneously differentiate into tenocytes and express higher levels of tendon-related genes. TSPCs promote tendon healing by three mechanisms: modulating the inflammatory response, promoting tenocyte proliferation, and accelerating collagen production and balancing extracellular matrix remodeling. However, current investigations have shown that TSPCs also have a negative effect on tendon healing. For example, misdifferentiation of TSPCs leads to a "failed healing response," which in turn leads to the development of chronic tendon injury (tendinopathy). The focus of this paper is to describe the characteristics of TSPCs and tenocytes, to demonstrate the roles of TSPCs in tendon healing, while discussing the approaches used to culture and differentiate TSPCs. In addition, the limitations of TSPCs in clinical application and their potential therapeutic strategies are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Lu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kexin Lyu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Longhai Long
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Houyin Shi
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sen Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Yang G, Chen F, Zhang C, Gu C. Circ_0005736 promotes tenogenic differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells through the miR-636/MAPK1 axis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:660. [PMID: 37670347 PMCID: PMC10481470 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) are one of stem cells characterized by greater clonogenicity, tenogenesis, and proliferation capacity. Circ_0005736 has been shown to be decreased in Rotator cuff tendinopathy. Here, we investigated the function and relationship of circ_0005736 in TDSC tenogenic differentiation. METHODS Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was used to induce the tenogenic differentiation in TDSC. Cell proliferation, invasion and migration were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, transwell, and wound healing assays, respectively. The detection of the levels of genes and proteins was performed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The binding between miR-636 and circ_0005736 or MAPK1 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1) was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assays. RESULTS TGF-β1 induced tenogenic differentiation by enhancing the production of tendon-specific markers and TDSC proliferation, invasion and migration. TGF-β1 treatment promoted circ_0005736 expression, knockdown of circ_0005736 abolished TGF-β1-induced tenogenic differentiation in TDSCs. Mechanistically, circ_0005736 acted as a sponge for miR-636 to up-regulate the expression of MAPK1, which was confirmed to be a target of miR-636 in TDSCs. Further rescue assays showed that inhibition of miR-636 could rescue circ_0005736 knockdown-induced suppression on TGF-β1-caused tenogenic differentiation in TDSCs. Moreover, forced expression of miR-636 abolished TGF-β1-caused tenogenic differentiation in TDSCs, which was rescued by MAPK1 up-regulation. CONCLUSION Circ_0005736 enhanced TGF-β1-induced tenogenic differentiation in TDSCs via increasing the production of tendon-specific markers and TDSC proliferation, invasion and migration through miR-636/MAPK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhao Yang
- Department of Sports, Communication University of China, Nanjing, No.26, Pengshan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211172, China.
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Sports, Communication University of China, Nanjing, No.26, Pengshan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211172, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Sports, Communication University of China, Nanjing, No.26, Pengshan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211172, China
| | - Chenlin Gu
- Faculty of Cultural Management, Communication University of China, Nanjing, Nanjing, China
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14
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Cui J, Zhang YJ, Li X, Luo JJ, Zhao LL, Xie XY, Ding W, Luo JC, Qin TW. Decellularized tendon scaffolds loaded with collagen targeted extracellular vesicles from tendon-derived stem cells facilitate tendon regeneration. J Control Release 2023; 360:842-857. [PMID: 37478916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based treatment of tendon injuries remains to have some inherent issues. Extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells have shown promising achievements in tendon regeneration, though their retention in vivo is low. This study reports on the use of a collagen binding domain (CBD) to bind extracellular vesicles, obtained from tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs), to collagen. CBD-extracellular vesicles (CBD-EVs) were coupled to decellularized bovine tendon sheets (DBTS) to fabricate a bio-functionalized scaffold (CBD-EVs-DBTS). Our results show that thus obtained bio-functionalized scaffolds facilitate the proliferation, migration and tenogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro. Furthermore, the scaffolds promote endogenous stem cell recruitment to the defects, facilitate collagen deposition and improve the biomechanics of injured tendons, thus resulting in functional regeneration of tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Jing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Jiao Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei-Lei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yue Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Cong Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-Wu Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Shen H, Lane RA. Extracellular Vesicles From Primed Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhance Achilles Tendon Repair by Reducing Inflammation and Promoting Intrinsic Healing. Stem Cells 2023; 41:617-627. [PMID: 37085269 PMCID: PMC10267691 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Achilles tendon rupture is a common sports-related injury. Even with advanced clinical treatments, many patients suffer from long-term pain and functional deficits. These unsatisfactory outcomes result primarily from an imbalanced injury response with excessive inflammation and inadequate tendon regeneration. Prior studies showed that extracellular vesicles from inflammation-primed adipose-derived stem cells (iEVs) can attenuate early tendon inflammatory response to injury. It remains to be determined if iEVs can both reduce inflammation and promote regeneration in the later phases of tendon healing and the underlying mechanism. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanistic roles of iEVs in regulating tendon injury response using a mouse Achilles tendon injury and repair model in vivo and iEV-macrophage and iEV-tendon cell coculture models in vitro. Results showed that iEVs promoted tendon anti-inflammatory gene expression and reduced mononuclear cell accumulation to the injury site in the remodeling phase of healing. iEVs also increased collagen deposition in the injury center and promoted tendon structural recovery. Accordingly, mice treated with iEVs showed less peritendinous scar formation, much lower incidence of postoperative tendon gap or rupture, and faster functional recovery compared to untreated mice. Further in vitro studies revealed that iEVs both inhibited macrophage M1 polarization and increased tendon cell proliferation and collagen production. The iEV effects were partially mediated by miR-147-3p, which blocked the toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling pathway that activated the M1 phenotype of macrophages. The combined results demonstrate that iEVs are a promising therapeutic agent that can enhance tendon repair by attenuating inflammation and promoting intrinsic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan A Lane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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16
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Wang L, Wang D, Ye Z, Xu J. Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as Delivery Systems in Therapeutic Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300552. [PMID: 37080941 PMCID: PMC10265081 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are transport vesicles secreted by living cells and released into the extracellular environment. Recent studies have shown that EVs serve as "messengers" in intercellular and inter-organismal communication, in both normal and pathological processes. EVs, as natural nanocarriers, can deliver bioactivators in therapy with their endogenous transport properties. This review article describes the engineering EVs of sources, isolation method, cargo loading, boosting approach, and adjustable targeting of EVs. Furthermore, the review summarizes the recent progress made in EV-based delivery systems applications, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, liver, kidney, nervous system diseases, and COVID-19 and emphasizes the obstacles and challenges of EV-based therapies and possible strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
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Zou M, Wang J, Shao Z. Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Tendon and Tendon-Bone Healing: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:299. [PMID: 37367263 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have been proven to play a positive role in tendon and tendon-bone healing. Here, we systematically review the literature to evaluate the efficacy of exosomes in tendon and tendon-bone healing. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature was performed on 21 January 2023. The electronic databases searched included Medline (through PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Ovid. In the end, a total of 1794 articles were systematically reviewed. Furthermore, a "snowball" search was also carried out. Finally, forty-six studies were included for analysis, with the total sample size being 1481 rats, 416 mice, 330 rabbits, 48 dogs, and 12 sheep. In these studies, exosomes promoted tendon and tendon-bone healing and displayed improved histological, biomechanical and morphological outcomes. Some studies also suggested the mechanism of exosomes in promoting tendon and tendon-bone healing, mainly through the following aspects: (1) suppressing inflammatory response and regulating macrophage polarization; (2) regulating gene expression, reshaping cell microenvironment and reconstructing extracellular matrix; (3) promoting angiogenesis. The risk of bias in the included studies was low on the whole. This systematic review provides evidence of the positive effect of exosomes on tendon and tendon-bone healing in preclinical studies. The unclear-to-low risk of bias highlights the significance of standardization of outcome reporting. It should be noted that the most suitable source, isolation methods, concentration and administration frequency of exosomes are still unknown. Additionally, few studies have used large animals as subjects. Further studies may be required on comparing the safety and efficacy of different treatment parameters in large animal models, which would be conducive to the design of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Zou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingzhou Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenxing Shao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
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18
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Doan HT, Van Pham P, Vu NB. Intravenous Infusion of Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Promotes Angiogenesis and Muscle Regeneration: An Observational Study in a Murine Acute Limb Ischemia Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36991295 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have demonstrated that adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation could promote neoangiogenesis in various ischemic diseases. However, as whole cells, ADSCs have some disadvantages, such as shipping and storage issues, high costs, and controversies related to the fates of grafted cells in the recipients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of intravenously infused exosomes purified from human ADSCs on ischemic disease in a murine hindlimb ischemia model. METHODS ADSCs were cultured in exosome-free medium for 48 h before the conditioned medium was collected for exosome isolation by ultracentrifugation. The murine ischemic hindlimb models were created by cutting and burning the hindlimb arteries. Exosomes were intravenously infused into murine models (ADSC-Exo group), with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) used as a placebo (PBS group). Treatment efficacy was determined using a murine mobility assay (frequency of pedaling in water per 10 s), peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2 index), and the recovery of vascular circulation by trypan blue staining. The formation of blood vessels was shown by X-ray. Expression levels of genes related to angiogenesis and muscle tissue repair were quantified by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Finally, H&E staining was used to determine the histological structure of muscle in the treatment and placebo groups. RESULTS The rates of acute limb ischemia in the PBS and ADSC-Exo injection groups were 66% (9/16 mice) and 43% (6/14 mice), respectively. The mobility of the limbs 28 days after surgery was significantly different between the ADSC-Exo treatment group (41 ± 1 times/10 s) and the PBS group (24 ± 1 times/10 s; n = 3; p < 0.05). Peripheral blood oxygen saturation 21 days after treatment was 83.83% ± 2.02% in the PBS group and 83% ± 1.73% in the ADSC-Exo treatment group, and the difference was not statistically significant (n = 3, p > 0.05). On day 7 after treatment, the time required to stain the toes after trypan blue injection was 20.67 ± 12.5 s and 85 ± 7.09 s in the ADSC-Exo and PBS groups, respectively (n = 3, p < 0.05). On day 3 after the operation, the expression of genes promoting angiogenesis and muscle remodeling, such as Flk1, Vwf, Ang1, Tgfb1, Myod, and Myf5, was increased 4-8 times in the ADSC-Exo group compared with the PBS group. No mice in either group died during the experimental period. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that intravenous infusion of human ADSC-derived exosomes is a safe and effective method to treat ischemic disease, especially hindlimb ischemia, by promoting angiogenesis and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue Thi Doan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Van Pham
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Bich Vu
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Sebbagh P, Hirt-Burri N, Scaletta C, Abdel-Sayed P, Raffoul W, Gremeaux V, Laurent A, Applegate LA, Gremion G. Process Optimization and Efficacy Assessment of Standardized PRP for Tendinopathies in Sports Medicine: Retrospective Study of Clinical Files and GMP Manufacturing Records in a Swiss University Hospital. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040409. [PMID: 37106596 PMCID: PMC10135571 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations have recently become widely available in sports medicine, facilitating their use in regenerative therapy for ligament and tendon affections. Quality-oriented regulatory constraints for PRP manufacturing and available clinical experiences have underlined the critical importance of process-based standardization, a pre-requisite for sound and homogeneous clinical efficacy evaluation. This retrospective study (2013–2020) considered the standardized GMP manufacturing and sports medicine-related clinical use of autologous PRP for tendinopathies at the Lausanne University Hospital (Lausanne, Switzerland). This study included 48 patients (18–86 years of age, with a mean age of 43.4 years, and various physical activity levels), and the related PRP manufacturing records indicated a platelet concentration factor most frequently in the range of 2.0–2.5. The clinical follow-up showed that 61% of the patients reported favorable efficacy outcomes (full return to activity, with pain disappearance) following a single ultrasound-guided autologous PRP injection, whereas 36% of the patients required two PRP injections. No significant relationship was found between platelet concentration factor values in PRP preparations and clinical efficacy endpoints of the intervention. The results were in line with published reports on tendinopathy management in sports medicine, wherein the efficacy of low-concentration orthobiologic interventions appears to be unrelated to sport activity levels or to patient age and gender. Overall, this study confirmed the effectiveness of standardized autologous PRP preparations for tendinopathies in sports medicine. The results were discussed in light of the critical importance of protocol standardization for both PRP manufacturing and clinical administration to reduce biological material variability (platelet concentrations) and to enhance the robustness of clinical interventions (comparability of efficacy/patient improvement).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sebbagh
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (P.S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (W.R.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (P.S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (W.R.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (P.S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (W.R.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Abdel-Sayed
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (P.S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (W.R.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- DLL Bioengineering, STI School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (P.S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (W.R.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gremeaux
- Sport Medicine Unit, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (P.S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (W.R.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
- Manufacturing Department, LAM Biotechnologies SA, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (P.S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (W.R.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-314-35-10
| | - Gerald Gremion
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (P.S.); (N.H.-B.); (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (W.R.); (A.L.); (G.G.)
- Sport Medicine Unit, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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Shen H, Lane RA. Extracellular Vesicles from Inflammation-Primed Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhance Achilles Tendon Repair by Reducing Inflammation and Promoting Intrinsic Healing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.526532. [PMID: 36778262 PMCID: PMC9915600 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Achilles tendon rupture is a common sports-related tendon injury. Even with advanced clinical treatments, many patients suffer from long-term pain and reduced function. These unsatisfactory outcomes result primarily from an imbalanced injury response with excessive inflammation and inadequate regeneration. Prior studies showed that extracellular vesicles from inflammation-primed adipose-derived stem cells (iEVs) can attenuate inflammation in the early phase of tendon healing. However, the effect of iEVs on tendon inflammation and regeneration in the later phases of tendon healing and the underlying mechanism remain to be determined. Accordingly, this study investigated the mechanistic roles of iEVs in regulating tendon response to injury using a mouse Achilles tendon injury and repair model in vivo and iEV-macrophage and iEV-tendon cell co-culture models in vitro. Results showed that iEVs promoted tendon anti-inflammatory gene expression and reduced mononuclear cell infiltration in the remodeling phase of tendon healing. iEVs also increased injury site collagen deposition and promoted tendon structural recovery. As such, mice treated with iEVs showed less peritendinous scar formation, much lower incidence of postoperative tendon gap or rupture, and faster functional recovery compared to untreated mice. Further in vitro study revealed that iEVs both inhibited macrophage inflammatory response and increased tendon cell proliferation and collagen production. The iEV effects were partially mediated by miR-147-3p, which blocks the toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling pathway that activates macrophage M1 polarization. The combined results demonstrated that iEVs are a promising therapeutic agent, which can enhance tendon repair by attenuating inflammation and promoting intrinsic healing. Significance statement Using a clinically relevant mouse Achilles tendon injury and repair model, this study revealed that iEVs, a biological product generated from inflammation-primed adipose-derived stem cells, can directly target both macrophages and tendon cells and enhance tendon structural and functional recovery by limiting inflammation and promoting intrinsic healing. Results further identified miR-147-3p as one of the active components of iEVs that modulate macrophage inflammatory response by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling pathway. These promising findings paved the road toward clinical application of iEVs in the treatment of tendon injury and other related disorders.
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Leung KS, Shirazi S, Cooper LF, Ravindran S. Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Delivery: Current Status, Applications and Challenges. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182851. [PMID: 36139426 PMCID: PMC9497093 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will discuss the current status of extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery via biopolymeric scaffolds for therapeutic applications and the challenges associated with the development of these functionalized scaffolds. EVs are cell-derived membranous structures and are involved in many physiological processes. Naïve and engineered EVs have much therapeutic potential, but proper delivery systems are required to prevent non-specific and off-target effects. Targeted and site-specific delivery using polymeric scaffolds can address these limitations. EV delivery with scaffolds has shown improvements in tissue remodeling, wound healing, bone healing, immunomodulation, and vascular performance. Thus, EV delivery via biopolymeric scaffolds is becoming an increasingly popular approach to tissue engineering. Although there are many types of natural and synthetic biopolymers, the overarching goal for many tissue engineers is to utilize biopolymers to restore defects and function as well as support host regeneration. Functionalizing biopolymers by incorporating EVs works toward this goal. Throughout this review, we will characterize extracellular vesicles, examine various biopolymers as a vehicle for EV delivery for therapeutic purposes, potential mechanisms by which EVs exert their effects, EV delivery for tissue repair and immunomodulation, and the challenges associated with the use of EVs in scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey S. Leung
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sajjad Shirazi
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lyndon F. Cooper
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
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22
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VEGFA-Enriched Exosomes from Tendon-Derived Stem Cells Facilitate Tenocyte Differentiation, Migration, and Transition to a Fibroblastic Phenotype. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8537959. [PMID: 36119932 PMCID: PMC9481323 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8537959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) play a vital role in repair of rotator cuff tear injuries by secreting paracrine proteins that regulate resident cell functions. Secreted exosomes may play a role in tendon injury repair by mediating intercellular communication; however, the detailed mechanisms by which TDSC-derived exosomes affect tenocyte development remain unknown. Here, we examined the effects of exosomes isolated from conditioned medium of TDSCs on tenocyte differentiation, migration, and transition to a fibroblastic phenotype in vitro. Successful isolation of exosomes from TDSCs was confirmed by high expression levels of CD81, CD63, CD9, and TSG101. Treatment with TDSC-derived exosomes promoted the growth and migration of cultured rat tenocytes, and increased the levels of the fibrosis markers collagen I, collagen III, scleraxis, tenascin C, and α-smooth muscle actin. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression was higher in TDSC-derived exosomes than in TDSCs, and genetic knockdown of VEGFA suppressed the stimulatory effect of TDSC-derived exosomes on tenocyte development. Overall, these results demonstrate that VEGFA-enriched exosomes isolated from TDSCs promote differentiation and migration of cultured tenocytes and their transition to a fibroblastic phenotype. These data provide a new potential clinical treatment strategy for tendon injury.
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23
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Practical Considerations for Translating Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Bench to Bed. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081684. [PMID: 36015310 PMCID: PMC9414392 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown potential for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries. This approach can eliminate the need to transplant live cells to the human body, thereby reducing issues related to the maintenance of cell viability and stability and potential erroneous differentiation of transplanted cells to bone or tumor. Despite these advantages, there are practical issues that need to be considered for successful clinical application of MSC-EV-based products in the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries. This review aims to discuss the general and tissue-specific considerations for manufacturing MSC-EVs for clinical translation. Specifically, we will discuss Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant manufacturing and quality control (parent cell source, culture conditions, concentration method, quantity, identity, purity and impurities, sterility, potency, reproducibility, storage and formulation), as well as safety and efficacy issues. Special considerations for applying MSC-EVs, such as their compatibility with arthroscopy for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, are also highlighted.
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Lee S, Ko JH, Kim SN. The Extracellular MicroRNAs on Inflammation: A Literature Review of Rodent Studies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1601. [PMID: 35884901 PMCID: PMC9312877 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an indispensable biological process stimulated by infection and injuries. Inflammatory mechanisms related to extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are small membrane structures carrying various molecules, were summarized in this review. Emerging evidence from animal studies has highlighted the role of EVs in modulating inflammatory responses, by transporting various molecules involved in host defense. In this review, we have discussed the role of EV miRNAs in inflammation. Rodent studies associated with extracellular miRNAs in inflammatory diseases, published from 2012 to 2022, were explored from PUBMED, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. A total of 95 studies were reviewed. In summary, EV-associated miRNAs play a key role in various diseases, including organ injury, immune dysfunction, neurological disease, metabolic syndrome, vesicular disease, arthritis, cancer, and other inflammatory diseases. Diverse EV-associated miRNAs regulate inflammasome activation and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels by targeting genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.L.); (J.H.K.)
- Graduate School, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Jade Heejae Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.L.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Seung-Nam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.L.); (J.H.K.)
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