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Fan L, Li H, Xu Y, Huang Y, Qian Y, Jin P, Shen X, Li Z, Liu M, Liang Y, Shen G, Dong M. Identification of four TTN variants in three families with fetal akinesia deformation sequence. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:170. [PMID: 38937733 PMCID: PMC11212154 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TTN is a complex gene with large genomic size and highly repetitive structure. Pathogenic variants in TTN have been reported to cause a range of skeletal muscle and cardiac disorders. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations tend to cause a wide spectrum of phenotypes with congenital or childhood onset. The onset and severity of the features were considered to be correlated with the types and location of the TTN variants. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on three unrelated families presenting with fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS), mainly characterized by reduced fetal movements and limb contractures. Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the variants. RT-PCR analysis was performed. RESULTS TTN c.38,876-2 A > C, a meta transcript-only variant, with a second pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in trans, was observed in five affected fetuses from the three families. Sanger sequencing showed that all the fetal variants were inherited from the parents. RT-PCR analysis showed two kinds of abnormal splicing, including intron 199 extension and skipping of 8 bases. CONCLUSIONS Here we report on three unrelated families presenting with FADS caused by four TTN variants. In addition, our study demonstrates that pathogenic meta transcript-only TTN variant can lead to defects which is recognizable prenatally in a recessive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Fan
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2 East Street, Wuxing district, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Central Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Central Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yingzhi Huang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.1 Xueshi road, Shangcheng district, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.1 Xueshi road, Shangcheng district, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengzhen Jin
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.1 Xueshi road, Shangcheng district, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Shen
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2 East Street, Wuxing district, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2 East Street, Wuxing district, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingsong Liu
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2 East Street, Wuxing district, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufei Liang
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2 East Street, Wuxing district, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guosong Shen
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2 East Street, Wuxing district, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.1 Xueshi road, Shangcheng district, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
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Steyaert W, Sagath L, Demidov G, Yépez VA, Esteve-Codina A, Gagneur J, Ellwanger K, Derks R, Weiss M, den Ouden A, van den Heuvel S, Swinkels H, Zomer N, Steehouwer M, O'Gorman L, Astuti G, Neveling K, Schüle R, Xu J, Synofzik M, Beijer D, Hengel H, Schöls L, Claeys KG, Baets J, Van de Vondel L, Ferlini A, Selvatici R, Morsy H, Saeed Abd Elmaksoud M, Straub V, Müller J, Pini V, Perry L, Sarkozy A, Zaharieva I, Muntoni F, Bugiardini E, Polavarapu K, Horvath R, Reid E, Lochmüller H, Spinazzi M, Savarese M, Matalonga L, Laurie S, Brunner HG, Graessner H, Beltran S, Ossowski S, Vissers LELM, Gilissen C, Hoischen A. Unravelling undiagnosed rare disease cases by HiFi long-read genome sequencing. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.03.24305331. [PMID: 38746462 PMCID: PMC11092722 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.24305331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Solve-RD is a pan-European rare disease (RD) research program that aims to identify disease-causing genetic variants in previously undiagnosed RD families. We utilised 10-fold coverage HiFi long-read sequencing (LRS) for detecting causative structural variants (SVs), single nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertion-deletions (InDels), and short tandem repeat (STR) expansions in extensively studied RD families without clear molecular diagnoses. Our cohort includes 293 individuals from 114 genetically undiagnosed RD families selected by European Rare Disease Network (ERN) experts. Of these, 21 families were affected by so-called 'unsolvable' syndromes for which genetic causes remain unknown, and 93 families with at least one individual affected by a rare neurological, neuromuscular, or epilepsy disorder without genetic diagnosis despite extensive prior testing. Clinical interpretation and orthogonal validation of variants in known disease genes yielded thirteen novel genetic diagnoses due to de novo and rare inherited SNVs, InDels, SVs, and STR expansions. In an additional four families, we identified a candidate disease-causing SV affecting several genes including an MCF2 / FGF13 fusion and PSMA3 deletion. However, no common genetic cause was identified in any of the 'unsolvable' syndromes. Taken together, we found (likely) disease-causing genetic variants in 13.0% of previously unsolved families and additional candidate disease-causing SVs in another 4.3% of these families. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the added value of HiFi long-read genome sequencing in undiagnosed rare diseases.
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Zhong H, Sian V, Johari M, Katayama S, Oghabian A, Jonson PH, Hackman P, Savarese M, Udd B. Revealing myopathy spectrum: integrating transcriptional and clinical features of human skeletal muscles with varying health conditions. Commun Biol 2024; 7:438. [PMID: 38600180 PMCID: PMC11006663 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Myopathy refers to a large group of heterogeneous, rare muscle diseases. Bulk RNA-sequencing has been utilized for the diagnosis and research of these diseases for many years. However, the existing valuable sequencing data often lack integration and clinical interpretation. In this study, we integrated bulk RNA-sequencing data from 1221 human skeletal muscles (292 with myopathies, 929 controls) from both databases and our local samples. By applying a method similar to single-cell analysis, we revealed a general spectrum of muscle diseases, ranging from healthy to mild disease, moderate muscle wasting, and severe muscle disease. This spectrum was further partly validated in three specific myopathies (97 muscles) through clinical features including trinucleotide repeat expansion, magnetic resonance imaging fat fraction, pathology, and clinical severity scores. This spectrum helped us identify 234 genuinely healthy muscles as unprecedented controls, providing a new perspective for deciphering the hallmark genes and pathways among different myopathies. The newly identified featured genes of general myopathy, inclusion body myositis, and titinopathy were highly expressed in our local muscles, as validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Veronica Sian
- Department of Precision Medicine, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples, Italy
| | - Mridul Johari
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ali Oghabian
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per Harald Jonson
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Hackman
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco Savarese
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Skriver SV, Krett B, Poulsen NS, Krag T, Walas HR, Christensen AH, Bundgaard H, Vissing J, Vissing CR. Skeletal Muscle Involvement in Patients With Truncations of Titin and Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2024; 12:740-753. [PMID: 37999665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants in titin (TTN) are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and skeletal myopathy. However, the skeletal muscle phenotype in individuals carrying heterozygous truncating TTN variants (TTNtv), the leading cause of DCM, is understudied. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the skeletal muscle phenotype associated with TTNtv. METHODS Participants with TTNtv were included in a cross-sectional study. Skeletal muscle fat fraction was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (compared with healthy controls and controls with non-TTNtv DCM). Muscle strength was evaluated by dynamometry and muscle biopsy specimens were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-five TTNtv participants (11 women, mean age 51 ± 15 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 45% ± 10%) were included (19 had DCM). Compared to healthy controls (n = 25), fat fraction was higher in calf (12.5% vs 9.9%, P = 0.013), thigh (12.2% vs 9.3%, P = 0.004), and paraspinal muscles (18.8% vs 13.9%, P = 0.008) of TTNtv participants. Linear mixed effects modelling found higher fat fractions in TTNtv participants compared to healthy controls (2.5%; 95% CI: 1.4-3.7; P < 0.001) and controls with non-TTNtv genetic DCM (n = 7) (1.5%; 95% CI: 0.2-2.8; P = 0.025). Muscle strength was within 1 SD of normal values. Biopsy specimens from 21 participants found myopathic features in 13 (62%), including central nuclei. Electron microscopy showed well-ordered Z-lines and T-tubuli but uneven and discontinuous M-lines and excessive glycogen depositions flanked by autophagosomes, lysosomes, and abnormal mitochondria with mitophagy. CONCLUSIONS Mild skeletal muscle involvement was prevalent in patients with TTNtv. The phenotype was characterized by an increased muscle fat fraction and excessive accumulation of glycogen, possibly due to reduced autophagic flux. These findings indicate an impact of TTNtv beyond the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vinther Skriver
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørg Krett
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Scharf Poulsen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Krag
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Rudkjær Walas
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Hørby Christensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Meyer AP, Barnett CL, Myers K, Siskind CE, Moscarello T, Logan R, Roggenbuck J, Rich KA. Neuromuscular and cardiovascular phenotypes in paediatric titinopathies: a multisite retrospective study. J Med Genet 2024; 61:356-362. [PMID: 38050027 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic variants in TTN cause a spectrum of autosomal dominant and recessive cardiovascular, skeletal muscle and cardioskeletal disease with symptom onset across the lifespan. The aim of this study was to characterise the genotypes and phenotypes in a cohort of TTN+paediatric patients. METHODS Retrospective chart review was performed at four academic medical centres. Patients with pathogenic or truncating variant(s) in TTN and paediatric-onset cardiovascular and/or neuromuscular disease were eligible. RESULTS 31 patients from 29 families were included. Seventeen patients had skeletal muscle disease, often with proximal weakness and joint contractures, with average symptom onset of 2.2 years. Creatine kinase levels were normal or mildly elevated; electrodiagnostic studies (9/11) and muscle biopsies (11/11) were myopathic. Variants were most commonly identified in the A-band (14/32) or I-band (13/32). Most variants were predicted to be frameshift truncating, nonsense or splice-site (25/32). Seventeen patients had cardiovascular disease (14 isolated cardiovascular, three cardioskeletal) with average symptom onset of 12.9 years. Twelve had dilated cardiomyopathy (four undergoing heart transplant), two presented with ventricular fibrillation arrest, one had restrictive cardiomyopathy and two had other types of arrhythmias. Variants commonly localised to the A-band (8/15) or I-band (6/15) and were predominately frameshift truncating, nonsense or splice-site (14/15). CONCLUSION Our cohort demonstrates the genotype-phenotype spectrum of paediatric-onset titinopathies identified in clinical practice and highlights the risk of life-threatening cardiovascular complications. We show the difficulties of obtaining a molecular diagnosis, particularly in neuromuscular patients, and bring awareness to the complexities of genetic counselling in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alayne P Meyer
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cara L Barnett
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine Myers
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carly E Siskind
- Department of Neurology, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tia Moscarello
- Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rachel Logan
- Division of Neurosciences, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Inc, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Roggenbuck
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly A Rich
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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6
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Töpf A, Cox D, Zaharieva IT, Di Leo V, Sarparanta J, Jonson PH, Sealy IM, Smolnikov A, White RJ, Vihola A, Savarese M, Merteroglu M, Wali N, Laricchia KM, Venturini C, Vroling B, Stenton SL, Cummings BB, Harris E, Marini-Bettolo C, Diaz-Manera J, Henderson M, Barresi R, Duff J, England EM, Patrick J, Al-Husayni S, Biancalana V, Beggs AH, Bodi I, Bommireddipalli S, Bönnemann CG, Cairns A, Chiew MT, Claeys KG, Cooper ST, Davis MR, Donkervoort S, Erasmus CE, Fassad MR, Genetti CA, Grosmann C, Jungbluth H, Kamsteeg EJ, Lornage X, Löscher WN, Malfatti E, Manzur A, Martí P, Mongini TE, Muelas N, Nishikawa A, O'Donnell-Luria A, Ogonuki N, O'Grady GL, O'Heir E, Paquay S, Phadke R, Pletcher BA, Romero NB, Schouten M, Shah S, Smuts I, Sznajer Y, Tasca G, Taylor RW, Tuite A, Van den Bergh P, VanNoy G, Voermans NC, Wanschitz JV, Wraige E, Yoshimura K, Oates EC, Nakagawa O, Nishino I, Laporte J, Vilchez JJ, MacArthur DG, Sarkozy A, Cordell HJ, Udd B, Busch-Nentwich EM, Muntoni F, Straub V. Digenic inheritance involving a muscle-specific protein kinase and the giant titin protein causes a skeletal muscle myopathy. Nat Genet 2024; 56:395-407. [PMID: 38429495 PMCID: PMC10937387 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In digenic inheritance, pathogenic variants in two genes must be inherited together to cause disease. Only very few examples of digenic inheritance have been described in the neuromuscular disease field. Here we show that predicted deleterious variants in SRPK3, encoding the X-linked serine/argenine protein kinase 3, lead to a progressive early onset skeletal muscle myopathy only when in combination with heterozygous variants in the TTN gene. The co-occurrence of predicted deleterious SRPK3/TTN variants was not seen among 76,702 healthy male individuals, and statistical modeling strongly supported digenic inheritance as the best-fitting model. Furthermore, double-mutant zebrafish (srpk3-/-; ttn.1+/-) replicated the myopathic phenotype and showed myofibrillar disorganization. Transcriptome data suggest that the interaction of srpk3 and ttn.1 in zebrafish occurs at a post-transcriptional level. We propose that digenic inheritance of deleterious changes impacting both the protein kinase SRPK3 and the giant muscle protein titin causes a skeletal myopathy and might serve as a model for other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Töpf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Dan Cox
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Irina T Zaharieva
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Valeria Di Leo
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jaakko Sarparanta
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per Harald Jonson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian M Sealy
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrei Smolnikov
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard J White
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuromuscular Research Centre, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Munise Merteroglu
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Neha Wali
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kristen M Laricchia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah L Stenton
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beryl B Cummings
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Harris
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Northern Genetics Service, Institute of Genetics Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chiara Marini-Bettolo
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matt Henderson
- Muscle Immunoanalysis Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Duff
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eleina M England
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jane Patrick
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sundos Al-Husayni
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie Biancalana
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, Cnrs UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Alan H Beggs
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Istvan Bodi
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shobhana Bommireddipalli
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, the University of Sydney and the Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anita Cairns
- Neurosciences Department, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mei-Ting Chiew
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kristl G Claeys
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Muscle Diseases and Neuropathies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, the University of Sydney and the Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Corrie E Erasmus
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud R Fassad
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Casie A Genetti
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carla Grosmann
- Department of Neurology, Rady Children's Hospital University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xavière Lornage
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, Cnrs UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Wolfgang N Löscher
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- APHP, Neuromuscular Reference Center Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris Est, U955, INSERM, Creteil, France
| | - Adnan Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pilar Martí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Research Group, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tiziana E Mongini
- Department of Neurosciences Rita Levi Montalcini, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Nuria Muelas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Research Group, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Atsuko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anne O'Donnell-Luria
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics & Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gina L O'Grady
- Starship Children's Health, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emily O'Heir
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stéphanie Paquay
- Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire, Université de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rahul Phadke
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Beth A Pletcher
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Norma B Romero
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord/Est/Ile-de-France (APHP), GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Meyke Schouten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Snehal Shah
- Department of Neurology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Izelle Smuts
- Department of Paediatrics, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yves Sznajer
- Center for Human Genetic, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Allysa Tuite
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Peter Van den Bergh
- Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire, Université de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Grace VanNoy
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicol C Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Julia V Wanschitz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Wraige
- Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Emily C Oates
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, Cnrs UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Juan J Vilchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Research Group, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuromuscular Research Centre, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elisabeth M Busch-Nentwich
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL & Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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7
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Weston TGR, Rees M, Gautel M, Fraternali F. Walking with giants: The challenges of variant impact assessment in the giant sarcomeric protein titin. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1638. [PMID: 38155593 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Titin, the so-called "third filament" of the sarcomere, represents a difficult challenge for the determination of damaging genetic variants. A single titin molecule extends across half the length of a sarcomere in striated muscle, fulfilling a variety of vital structural and signaling roles, and has been linked to an equally varied range of myopathies, resulting in a significant burden on individuals and healthcare systems alike. While the consequences of truncating variants of titin are well-documented, the ramifications of the missense variants prevalent in the general population are less so. We here present a compendium of titin missense variants-those that result in a single amino-acid substitution in coding regions-reported to be pathogenic and discuss these in light of the nature of titin and the variant position within the sarcomere and their domain, the structural, pathological, and biophysical characteristics that define them, and the methods used for characterization. Finally, we discuss the current knowledge and integration of the multiple fields that have contributed to our understanding of titin-related pathology and offer suggestions as to how these concurrent methodologies may aid the further development in our understanding of titin and hopefully extend to other, less well-studied giant proteins. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timir G R Weston
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Rees
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Sheng M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang X, Ke T, Liu P, Wang S, Shao W. Decoding the role of aberrant RNA alternative splicing in hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17691-17708. [PMID: 37898981 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
During eukaryotic gene expression, alternative splicing of messenger RNA precursors is critical in increasing protein diversity and regulatory complexity. Multiple transcript isoforms could be produced by alternative splicing from a single gene; they could eventually be translated into protein isoforms with deleted, added, or altered domains or produce transcripts containing premature termination codons that could be targeted by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Alternative splicing can generate proteins with similar, different, or even opposite functions. Increasingly strong evidence indicates that abnormal RNA splicing is a prevalent and crucial occurrence in cellular differentiation, tissue advancement, and the development and progression of cancer. Aberrant alternative splicing could affect cancer cell activities such as growth, apoptosis, invasiveness, drug resistance, angiogenesis, and metabolism. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of abnormal RNA alternative splicing on the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Sheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaoyun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tiaoying Ke
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pingyang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wei Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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9
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Rashed HR, Niu Z, Dyck PJ, Dyck PJB, Mauermann ML, Berini SE, Dubey D, Mills JR, Staff NP, Wu Y, Spinner RE, Dasari S, Klein CJ. Nerve transcriptomes in autoimmune and genetic demyelinating neuropathies: Pathogenic pathway assessment of nerve demyelination. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 384:578220. [PMID: 37857228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinating neuropathies is poorly understood compared to inherited demyelinating forms. We performed whole transcriptome (RNA-Seq) using nerve biopsy tissues of patients with different autoimmune and inherited demyelinating neuropathies (CIDP n = 10, POEMS n = 18, DADS n = 3, CMT1 n = 3) versus healthy controls (n = 6). A limited number of differentially expressed genes compared to healthy controls were identified (POEMS = 125, DADS = 15, CMT = 14, CIDP = 5). Divergent pathogenic pathways including inflammatory, demyelinating and neurite regeneration such as with the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM1) part of the immunoglobulin superfamily and RhoGD1 are found. Shared and discordant pathogenic injury are discovered between autoimmune and inherited forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah R Rashed
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Zhiyv Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Peter J Dyck
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - P James B Dyck
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Michelle L Mauermann
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Berini
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Divyanshu Dubey
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - John R Mills
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Nathan P Staff
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Robert E Spinner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Klein
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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10
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Di Feo MF, Lillback V, Jokela M, McEntagart M, Homfray T, Giorgio E, Casalis Cavalchini GC, Brusco A, Iascone M, Spaccini L, D'Oria P, Savarese M, Udd B. The crucial role of titin in fetal development: recurrent miscarriages and bone, heart and muscle anomalies characterise the severe end of titinopathies spectrum. J Med Genet 2023; 60:866-873. [PMID: 36977548 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titin truncating variants (TTNtvs) have been associated with several forms of myopathies and/or cardiomyopathies. In homozygosity or in compound heterozygosity, they cause a wide spectrum of recessive phenotypes with a congenital or childhood onset. Most recessive phenotypes showing a congenital or childhood onset have been described in subjects carrying biallelic TTNtv in specific exons. Often karyotype or chromosomal microarray analyses are the only tests performed when prenatal anomalies are identified. Thereby, many cases caused by TTN defects might be missed in the diagnostic evaluations. In this study, we aimed to dissect the most severe end of the titinopathies spectrum. METHODS We performed a retrospective study analysing an international cohort of 93 published and 10 unpublished cases carrying biallelic TTNtv. RESULTS We identified recurrent clinical features showing a significant correlation with the genotype, including fetal akinesia (up to 62%), arthrogryposis (up to 85%), facial dysmorphisms (up to 73%), joint (up to 17%), bone (up to 22%) and heart anomalies (up to 27%) resembling complex, syndromic phenotypes. CONCLUSION We suggest TTN to be carefully evaluated in any diagnostic process involving patients with these prenatal signs. This step will be essential to improve diagnostic performance, expand our knowledge and optimise prenatal genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Di Feo
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Victoria Lillback
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
- University of Helsinki Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Manu Jokela
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
- TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku, Varsinais-Suomi, Finland
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- Department of Medical Genetics, St George's University of London, London, London, UK
| | - Tessa Homfray
- St George's University of London, London, London, UK
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale C Mondino Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Guido C Casalis Cavalchini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin School of Medicine, Torino, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, BG, Italy
| | - Luigina Spaccini
- Unità di Genetica Medica, UOC Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Ospedale dei Bambini Vittore Buzzi, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Oria
- UOC Ostetrica e Ginecologia, Ospedale Bolognini di Seriate, Seriate, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
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11
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Nieves-Rodriguez S, Barthélémy F, Woods JD, Douine ED, Wang RT, Scripture-Adams DD, Chesmore KN, Galasso F, Miceli MC, Nelson SF. Transcriptomic analysis of paired healthy human skeletal muscles to identify modulators of disease severity in DMD. Front Genet 2023; 14:1216066. [PMID: 37576554 PMCID: PMC10415210 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1216066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle damage and fibro-fatty replacement of skeletal muscles is a main pathologic feature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with more proximal muscles affected earlier and more distal affected later in the disease course, suggesting that different skeletal muscle groups possess distinctive characteristics that influence their susceptibility to disease. To explore transcriptomic factors driving differential gene expression and modulating DMD skeletal muscle severity, we characterized the transcriptome of vastus lateralis (VL), a more proximal and susceptible muscle, relative to tibialis anterior (TA), a more distal and protected muscle, in 15 healthy individuals using bulk RNA sequencing to identify gene expression differences that may mediate their relative susceptibility to damage with loss of dystrophin. Matching single nuclei RNA sequencing data was generated for 3 of the healthy individuals, to infer cell composition in the bulk RNA sequencing dataset and to improve mapping of differentially expressed genes to their cell source of expression. A total of 3,410 differentially expressed genes were identified and mapped to cell type using single nuclei RNA sequencing of muscle, including long non-coding RNAs and protein coding genes. There was an enrichment of genes involved in calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, particularly in the myofibers and these myofiber genes were higher in the VL. There was an enrichment of genes in "Collagen-Containing Extracellular Matrix" expressed by fibroblasts, endothelial, smooth muscle and pericytes, with most genes higher in the TA, as well as genes in "Regulation Of Apoptotic Process" expressed across all cell types. Previously reported genetic modifiers were also enriched within the differentially expressed genes. We also identify 6 genes with differential isoform usage between the VL and TA. Lastly, we integrate our findings with DMD RNA sequencing data from the TA, and identify "Collagen-Containing Extracellular Matrix" and "Negative Regulation Of Apoptotic Process" as differentially expressed between DMD compared to healthy. Collectively, these findings propose novel candidate mechanisms that may mediate differential muscle susceptibility in muscular dystrophies and provide new insight into potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Nieves-Rodriguez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Florian Barthélémy
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, David Geffen School of Medicine and College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emilie D. Douine
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Richard T. Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Deirdre D. Scripture-Adams
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, David Geffen School of Medicine and College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kevin N. Chesmore
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Francesca Galasso
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - M. Carrie Miceli
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, David Geffen School of Medicine and College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stanley F. Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Alawneh I, Yuki KE, Amburgey K, Yoon G, Dowling JJ, Hazrati LN, Gonorazky H. Titin related myopathy with ophthalmoplegia. A novel phenotype. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:605-609. [PMID: 37393749 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Titin-related myopathy is an emerging genetic neuromuscular disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes. To date, there have not been reports of patients with this disease that presented with extraocular muscle involvement. Here we discuss a 19-year-old male with congenital weakness, complete ophthalmoplegia, thoracolumbar scoliosis, and obstructive sleep apnea. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging revealed severe involvement of the gluteal and anterior compartment muscles, and clear adductor sparing, while muscle biopsy of the right vastus lateralis showed distinctive cap-like structures. Trio Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) showed compound heterozygous likely pathologic variants in the TTN gene. (c.82541_82544dup (p.Arg27515Serfs*2) in exon 327 (NM_001267550.2) and c.31846+1G>A (p.?) in exon 123 (NM_001267550.2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a TTN-related disorder associated with ophthalmoplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Alawneh
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kyoko E Yuki
- Division of Genome Diagnostics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kimberly Amburgey
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Genome Diagnostics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Grace Yoon
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Genetic, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Genetic, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Program of Genetic and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hernan Gonorazky
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Program of Genetic and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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13
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Cardone N, Moula M, Baelde RJ, Biquand A, Villanova M, Metay C, Fiorillo C, Baratto S, Merlini L, Sabatelli P, Romero NB, Relaix F, Authier FJ, Taglietti V, Savarese M, de Winter J, Ottenheijm C, Richard I, Malfatti E. Clinical and functional characterization of a long survivor congenital titinopathy patient with a novel metatranscript-only titin variant. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:48. [PMID: 36945066 PMCID: PMC10031982 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital titinopathies are an emerging group of a potentially severe form of congenital myopathies caused by biallelic mutations in titin, encoding the largest existing human protein involved in the formation and stability of sarcomeres. In this study we describe a patient with a congenital myopathy characterized by multiple contractures, a rigid spine, non progressive muscular weakness, and a novel homozygous TTN pathogenic variant in a metatranscript-only exon: the c.36400A > T, p.Lys12134*. Muscle biopsies showed increased internalized nuclei, variability in fiber size, mild fibrosis, type 1 fiber predominance, and a slight increase in the number of satellite cells. RNA studies revealed the retention of intron 170 and 171 in the open reading frame, and immunoflourescence and western blot studies, a normal titin content. Single fiber functional studies showed a slight decrease in absolute maximal force and a cross-sectional area with no decreases in tension, suggesting that weakness is not sarcomere-based but due to hypotrophy. Passive properties of single fibers were not affected, but the observed increased calcium sensitivity of force generation might contribute to the contractural phenotype and rigid spine of the patient. Our findings provide evidence for a pathogenic, causative role of a metatranscript-only titin variant in a long survivor congenital titinopathy patient with distal arthrogryposis and rigid spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia Cardone
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, U955 IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Melissa Moula
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, U955 IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Rianne J Baelde
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Marcello Villanova
- Neuromuscular Unit, Presidio Ospedaliero Accreditato Villa Bellombra, Bologna, Italy
| | - Corinne Metay
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire. Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique et INSERM UMRS 974, Institut de Myologie. Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, INSERM UMRS1166, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Neurologia Pediatrica e Malattie Muscolari, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Baratto
- Neurologia Pediatrica e Malattie Muscolari, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luciano Merlini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- CNR, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza" -Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Norma B Romero
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Relaix
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, U955 IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - François Jérôme Authier
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, U955 IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France
- APHP, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Josine de Winter
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Coen Ottenheijm
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Edoardo Malfatti
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, U955 IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France.
- APHP, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.
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14
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Qi Y, Ji X, Ding H, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Yin A. A spectrum of clinical severity of recessive titinopathies in prenatal. Front Genet 2023; 13:1064474. [PMID: 36761691 PMCID: PMC9907677 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1064474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in TTN are associated with a broad range of clinical phenotypes, from dominant adult-onset dilated cardiomyopathy to recessive infantile-onset myopathy. However, few foetal cases have been reported for multiple reasons. Next-generation sequencing has facilitated the prenatal identification of a growing number of suspected titinopathy variants. We investigated six affected foetuses from three families, completed the intrauterine course of the serial phenotypic spectrum of TTN, and discussed the genotype-phenotype correlations from a broader perspective. The recognizable prenatal feature onset at the second trimester was started with reduced movement, then contracture 3-6 weeks later, followed with/without hydrops, finally at late pregnancy was accompanied with polyhydramnio (major) or oligohydramnios. Two cases with typical arthrogryposis-hydrops sequences identified a meta-only transcript variant c.36203-1G>T. Deleterious transcriptional consequences of the substitution were verified by minigene splicing analysis. Case 3 identified a homozygous splicing variant in the constitutively expressed Z-disc. It presented a milder phenotype than expected, which was presumably saved by the isoform of corons. A summary of the foetal-onset titinopathy cases implied that variants in TTN present with a series of signs and a spectrum of clinical severity, which followed the dosage/positional effect; the meta-only transcript allele involvement may be a prerequisite for the development of fatal hydrops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Qi
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqi Ji
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongke Ding
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunan Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Yin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Aihua Yin,
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15
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Savarese M, Jokela M, Udd B. Distal myopathy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 195:497-519. [PMID: 37562883 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Distal myopathies are a group of genetic, primary muscle diseases. Patients develop progressive weakness and atrophy of the muscles of forearm, hands, lower leg, or feet. Currently, over 20 different forms, presenting a variable age of onset, clinical presentation, disease progression, muscle involvement, and histological findings, are known. Some of them are dominant and some recessive. Different variants in the same gene are often associated with either dominant or recessive forms, although there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlations. This chapter provides a description of the clinicopathologic and genetic aspects of distal myopathies emphasizing known etiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manu Jokela
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland.
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16
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Kim H, Shim Y, Lee TG, Won D, Choi JR, Shin S, Lee ST. Copy-number analysis by base-level normalization: An intuitive visualization tool for evaluating copy number variations. Clin Genet 2023; 103:35-44. [PMID: 36152294 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) facilitates comprehensive molecular analyses that help with diagnosing unsolved disorders. In addition to detecting single-nucleotide variations and small insertions/deletions, bioinformatics tools can identify copy number variations (CNVs) in NGS data, which improves the diagnostic yield. However, due to the possibility of false positives, subsequent confirmation tests are generally performed. Here, we introduce Copy-number Analysis by BAse-level NormAlization (CABANA), a visualization tool that allows users to intuitively identify candidate CNVs using the normalized single-base-level read depth calculated from NGS data. To demonstrate how CABANA works, NGS data were obtained from 474 patients with neuromuscular disorders. CNVs were screened using a conventional bioinformatics tool, ExomeDepth, and then we normalized and visualized those data at the single-base level using CABANA, followed by manual inspection by geneticists to filter out false positives and determine candidate CNVs. In doing so, we identified 31 candidate CNVs (7%) in 474 patients and subsequently confirmed all of them to be true using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The performance of CABANA was deemed acceptable by comparing its diagnostic yield with previous data about neuromuscular disorders. Despite some limitations, we expect CABANA to help researchers accurately identify CNVs and reduce the need for subsequent confirmation testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Shim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Gyu Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongju Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Dxome Co. Ltd, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Dxome Co. Ltd, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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17
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Wishard R, Jayaram M, Ramesh SR, Nongthomba U. Spatial and temporal requirement of Mlp60A isoforms during muscle development and function in Drosophila melanogaster. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113430. [PMID: 36423661 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many myofibrillar proteins undergo isoform switching in a spatio-temporal manner during muscle development. The biological significance of the variants of several of these myofibrillar proteins remains elusive. One such myofibrillar protein, the Muscle LIM Protein (MLP), is a vital component of the Z-discs. In this paper, we show that one of the Drosophila MLP encoding genes, Mlp60A, gives rise to two isoforms: a short (279 bp, 10 kDa) and a long (1461 bp, 54 kDa) one. The short isoform is expressed throughout development, but the long isoform is adult-specific, being the dominant of the two isoforms in the indirect flight muscles (IFMs). A concomitant, muscle-specific knockdown of both isoforms leads to partial developmental lethality, with most of the surviving flies being flight defective. A global loss of both isoforms in a Mlp60A-null background also leads to developmental lethality, with muscle defects in the individuals that survive to the third instar larval stage. This lethality could be rescued partially by a muscle-specific overexpression of the short isoform. Genetic perturbation of only the long isoform, through a P-element insertion in the long isoform-specific coding sequence, leads to defective flight, in around 90% of the flies. This phenotype was completely rescued when the P-element insertion was precisely excised from the locus. Hence, our data show that the two Mlp60A isoforms are functionally specialized: the short isoform being essential for normal embryonic muscle development and the long isoform being necessary for normal adult flight muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Wishard
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
| | - Mohan Jayaram
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India; Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasgangotri, Mysuru, 570006, India
| | - Saraf R Ramesh
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasgangotri, Mysuru, 570006, India; Department of Life Sciences, Pooja Bhagvat Memorial Mahajana Education Center, K. R. S. Road, Mysuru, 570016, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
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18
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Averdunk L, Donkervoort S, Horn D, Waldmüller S, Syeda S, Neuhaus SB, Chao KR, van Riesen A, Gauck D, Haack T, Japp AS, Lee U, Bönnemann CG, Mayatepek E, Distelmaier F. Recognizable Pattern of Arthrogryposis and Congenital Myopathy Caused by the Recurrent TTN Metatranscript-only c.39974-11T > G Splice Variant. Neuropediatrics 2022; 53:309-320. [PMID: 35605965 DOI: 10.1055/a-1859-0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arthrogryposis is characterized by the presence of multiple contractures at birth and can be caused by pathogenic variants in TTN (Titin). Exons and variants that are not expressed in one of the three major isoforms of titin are referred to as "metatranscript-only" and have been considered to be only expressed during fetal development. Recently, the metatranscript-only variant (c.39974-11T > G) in TTN with a second truncating TTN variant has been linked to arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and myopathy. METHODS Via exome sequencing we identified the TTN c.39974-11T > G splice variant in trans with one of three truncating variants (p.Arg8922*, p.Lys32998Asnfs*63, p.Tyr10345*) in five individuals from three families. Clinical presentation and muscle ultrasound as well as MRI images were analyzed. RESULTS All five patients presented with generalized muscular hypotonia, reduced muscle bulk, and congenital contractures most prominently affecting the upper limbs and distal joints. Muscular hypotonia persisted and contractures improved over time. One individual, the recipient twin in the setting of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, died from severe cardiac hypertrophy 1 day after birth. Ultrasound and MRI imaging studies revealed a recognizable pattern of muscle involvement with striking fibrofatty involvement of the hamstrings and calves, and relative sparing of the femoral adductors and anterior segment of the thighs. CONCLUSION The recurrent TTN c.39974-11T > G variant consistently causes congenital arthrogryposis and persisting myopathy providing evidence that the metatranscript-only 213 to 217 exons impact muscle elasticity during early development and beyond. There is a recognizable pattern of muscle involvement, which is distinct from other myopathies and provides valuable clues for diagnostic work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Averdunk
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Denise Horn
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Waldmüller
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Safoora Syeda
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah B Neuhaus
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Katherine R Chao
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Anne van Riesen
- Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Darja Gauck
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anna S Japp
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Unaa Lee
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
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19
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Marcello M, Cetrangolo V, Savarese M, Udd B. Use of animal models to understand titin physiology and pathology. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5103-5112. [PMID: 36065969 PMCID: PMC9575118 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to titin (TTN) and its mutations. Heterozygous TTN truncating variants (TTNtv) increase the risk of a cardiomyopathy. At the same time, TTNtv and few missense variants have been identified in patients with mainly recessive skeletal muscle diseases. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying titin‐related diseases are still partly unknown. Similarly, the titin mechanical and functional role in the muscle contraction are far from being exhaustively clarified. In the last few years, several animal models carrying variants in the titin gene have been developed and characterized to study the structural and mechanical properties of specific titin domains or to mimic patients' mutations. This review describes the main animal models so far characterized, including eight mice models and three fish models (Medaka and Zebrafish) and discusses the useful insights provided by a thorough characterization of the cell‐, tissue‐ and organism‐phenotypes in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
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20
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Perrin A, Van Goethem C, Thèze C, Puechberty J, Guignard T, Lecardonnel B, Lacourt D, Métay C, Isapof A, Whalen S, Ferreiro A, Arne-Bes MC, Quijano-Roy S, Nectoux J, Leturcq F, Richard P, Larrieux M, Bergougnoux A, Pellestor F, Koenig M, Cossée M. Long-Reads Sequencing Strategy to Localize Variants in TTN Repeated Domains. J Mol Diagn 2022; 24:719-726. [PMID: 35580751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Titin protein is responsible for muscle elasticity. The TTN gene, composed of 364 exons, is subjected to extensive alternative splicing and leads to different isoforms expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Variants in TTN are responsible for myopathies with a wide phenotypic spectrum and autosomal dominant or recessive transmission. The I-band coding domain, highly subject to alternative splicing, contains a three-zone block of repeated sequences with 99% homology. Sequencing and localization of variants in these areas are complex when using short-reads sequencing, a second-generation sequencing technique. We have implemented a protocol based on the third-generation sequencing technology (long-reads sequencing). This new method allows us to localize variants in these repeated areas to improve the diagnosis of TTN-related myopathies and offer the analysis of relatives in postnatal or in prenatal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Perrin
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Van Goethem
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Thèze
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Puechberty
- Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Guignard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Plateforme ChromoStem, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bérénice Lecardonnel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Plateforme ChromoStem, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Lacourt
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Métay
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), UF Molecular Cardiogenetics and Myogenetics, Sorbonne Université and Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06-Inserm UMRS974, Research Center in Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Isapof
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- Genetics and Cytogenetics Department, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Pitié-Salpétrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence des Pathologies Neuromusculaires Nord-Est-Ile de France, Institut de Myologie, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université de Paris BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Susana Quijano-Roy
- AP-HP, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Neuromuscular Center, Child Neurology and ICU Department, Raymond Poincare Hospital, Garches, France; Université de Versailles, U1179 INSERM-UVSQ, Montigny, France
| | - Juliette Nectoux
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - France Leturcq
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Richard
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), UF Molecular Cardiogenetics and Myogenetics, Sorbonne Université and Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06-Inserm UMRS974, Research Center in Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marion Larrieux
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Bergougnoux
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Pellestor
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Plateforme ChromoStem, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Koenig
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mireille Cossée
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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21
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Cabrera-Serrano M, Caccavelli L, Savarese M, Vihola A, Jokela M, Johari M, Capiod T, Madrange M, Bugiardini E, Brady S, Quinlivan R, Merve A, Scalco R, Hilton-Jones D, Houlden H, Ibrahim Aydin H, Ceylaner S, Vockley J, Taylor RL, Folland C, Kelly A, Goullee H, Ylikallio E, Auranen M, Tyynismaa H, Udd B, Forrest ARR, Davis MR, Bratkovic D, Manton N, Robertson T, McCombe P, Laing NG, Phillips L, de Lonlay P, Ravenscroft G. Bi-allelic loss-of-function OBSCN variants predispose individuals to severe recurrent rhabdomyolysis. Brain 2021; 145:3985-3998. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is the acute breakdown of skeletal myofibres in response to an initiating factor, most commonly toxins and over exertion. A variety of genetic disorders predispose to rhabdomyolysis through different pathogenic mechanisms, particularly in patients with recurrent episodes. However, most cases remain without a genetic diagnosis. Here we present six patients who presented with severe and recurrent rhabdomyolysis, usually with onset in the teenage years; other features included a history of myalgia and muscle cramps. We identified ten bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in the gene encoding obscurin (OBSCN) predisposing individuals to recurrent rhabdomyolysis. We show reduced expression of OBSCN and loss of obscurin protein in patient muscle. Obscurin is proposed to be involved in SR function and Ca2+ handling. Patient cultured myoblasts appear more susceptible to starvation as evidenced by a greater decreased in SR Ca2+ content compared to control myoblasts. This likely reflects a lower efficiency when pumping Ca2+ back into the SR and/or a decrease in Ca2+ SR storage ability when metabolism is diminished. OSBCN variants have previously been associated with cardiomyopathies. None of the patients presented with a cardiomyopathy and cardiac examinations were normal in all cases in which cardiac function was assessed. There was also no history of cardiomyopathy in first degree relatives, in particular in any of the carrier parents. This cohort is relatively young, thus follow-up studies and the identification of additional cases with bi-allelic null OBSCN variants will further delineate OBSCN-related disease and the clinical course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Cabrera-Serrano
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares. Servicio de Neurologia y Neurofisiologia. Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laure Caccavelli
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and MetabERN, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Manu Jokela
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Neurocenter, Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mridul Johari
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thierry Capiod
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and MetabERN, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Marine Madrange
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and MetabERN, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Enrico Bugiardini
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Stefen Brady
- Department of Neurology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Rosaline Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Ashirwad Merve
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Renata Scalco
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - David Hilton-Jones
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Serdar Ceylaner
- Intergen Genetic Diagnosis and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jerry Vockley
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rhonda L. Taylor
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Chiara Folland
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Aasta Kelly
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Hayley Goullee
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alistair R. R. Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Mark R. Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Drago Bratkovic
- Metabolic Clinic, Women and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicholas Manton
- SA Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Thomas Robertson
- Anatomical Pathology, Queensland Pathology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela McCombe
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nigel G. Laing
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Liza Phillips
- SA Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Pascale de Lonlay
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and MetabERN, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Salih MA, Hamad MH, Savarese M, Alorainy IA, Al-Jarallah AS, Alkhalidi H, AlQudairy H, Albader A, Alotaibi AJ, Alsagob M, Al-Bakheet A, Colak D, Udd B, Kaya N. Exome Sequencing Reveals Novel TTN Variants in Saudi Patients with Congenital Titinopathies. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:757-764. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A. Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muddathir H. Hamad
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Savarese
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ibrahim A. Alorainy
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Al-Jarallah
- Pediatric Cardiology Division, Cardiac Science Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Alkhalidi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan AlQudairy
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anoud Albader
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Jahz Alotaibi
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandary Al-Bakheet
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing Department, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Tampere Neuromuscular Research Unit, The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Namik Kaya
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 03, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Hackman P, Rusanen SM, Johari M, Vihola A, Jonson PH, Sarparanta J, Donner K, Lahermo P, Koivunen S, Luque H, Soininen M, Mahjneh I, Auranen M, Arumilli M, Savarese M, Udd B. Dominant Distal Myopathy 3 (MPD3) Caused by a Deletion in the HNRNPA1 Gene. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e632. [PMID: 34722876 PMCID: PMC8552285 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To determine the genetic cause of the disease in the previously reported family with adult-onset autosomal dominant distal myopathy (myopathy, distal, 3; MPD3). Methods Continued clinical evaluation including muscle MRI and muscle pathology. A linkage analysis with single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and genome sequencing were used to identify the genetic defect, which was verified by Sanger sequencing. RNA sequencing was used to investigate the transcriptional effects of the identified genetic defect. Results Small hand muscles (intrinsic, thenar, and hypothenar) were first involved with spread to the lower legs and later proximal muscles. Dystrophic changes with rimmed vacuoles and cytoplasmic inclusions were observed in muscle biopsies at advanced stage. A single nucleotide polymorphism array confirmed the previous microsatellite-based linkage to 8p22-q11 and 12q13-q22. Genome sequencing of three affected family members combined with structural variant calling revealed a small heterozygous deletion of 160 base pairs spanning the second last exon 10 of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1) gene, which is in the linked region on chromosome 12. Segregation of the mutation with the disease was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RNA sequencing showed that the mutant allele produces a shorter mutant mRNA transcript compared with the wild-type allele. Immunofluorescence studies on muscle biopsies revealed small p62 and larger TDP-43 inclusions. Discussion A small exon 10 deletion in the gene HNRNPA1 was identified as the cause of MPD3 in this family. The new HNRNPA1-related phenotype, upper limb presenting distal myopathy, was thus confirmed, and the family displays the complexities of gene identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hackman
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Salla M Rusanen
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Mridul Johari
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Per Harald Jonson
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Jaakko Sarparanta
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Kati Donner
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Päivi Lahermo
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Sampo Koivunen
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Helena Luque
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Merja Soininen
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Ibrahim Mahjneh
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Meharji Arumilli
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center (P.H., S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S., B.U.); University of Helsinki (S.M.R., M.J., A.V., P.H.J., J.S., S.K., H.L., M.S., M.A., M.S.), Helsinki; Finnish Neuromuscular Center, Fimlab Laboratories and Tampere University (A.V.); Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki (K.D., P.L.); MRC, University of Oulu, Oulu (I.M.); Pietarsaari Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland (I.M.); Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M.A.); Vaasa Central Hospital (B.U.), Vaasa, Finland
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Gene expression changes in vastus lateralis muscle after different strength training regimes during rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258635. [PMID: 34648569 PMCID: PMC8516190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired muscle regeneration has repeatedly been described after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). The results of recent studies provided some evidence for negative alterations in knee extensor muscles after ACL-R causing persisting strength deficits in spite of the regain of muscle mass. Accordingly, we observed that 12 weeks of concentric/eccentric quadriceps strength training with eccentric overload (CON/ECC+) induced a significantly greater hypertrophy of the atrophied quadriceps muscle after ACL-R than conventional concentric/eccentric quadriceps strength training (CON/ECC). However, strength deficits persisted and there was an unexpected increase in the proportion of slow type I fibers instead of the expected shift towards a faster muscle phenotype after CON/ECC+. In order to shed further light on muscle recovery after ACL-R, the steady-state levels of 84 marker mRNAs were analyzed in biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of 31 subjects before and after 12 weeks of CON/ECC+ (n = 18) or CON/ECC strength training (n = 13) during rehabilitation after ACL-R using a custom RT2 Profiler PCR array. Significant (p < 0.05) changes were detected in the expression of 26 mRNAs, several of them involved in muscle wasting/atrophy. A different pattern with regard to the strength training mode was observed for 16 mRNAs, indicating an enhanced hypertrophic stimulus, mechanical sensing or fast contractility after CON/ECC+. The effects of the type of autograft (quadriceps, QUAD, n = 19, or semitendinosus tendon, SEMI, n = 12) were reflected in the lower expression of 6 mRNAs involved in skeletal muscle hypertrophy or contractility in QUAD. In conclusion, the greater hypertrophic stimulus and mechanical stress induced by CON/ECC+ and a beginning shift towards a faster muscle phenotype after CON/ECC+ might be indicated by significant gene expression changes as well as still ongoing muscle wasting processes and a negative impact of QUAD autograft.
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25
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Li Y, Wang J, Elzo MA, Fan H, Du K, Xia S, Shao J, Lai T, Hu S, Jia X, Lai S. Molecular Profiling of DNA Methylation and Alternative Splicing of Genes in Skeletal Muscle of Obese Rabbits. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1558-1575. [PMID: 34698087 PMCID: PMC8929151 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and the alternative splicing of precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) are two important genetic modification mechanisms. However, both are currently uncharacterized in the muscle metabolism of rabbits. Thus, we constructed the Tianfu black rabbit obesity model (obese rabbits fed with a 10% high-fat diet and control rabbits from 35 days to 70 days) and collected the skeletal muscle samples from the two groups for Genome methylation sequencing and RNA sequencing. DNA methylation data showed that the promoter regions of 599 genes and gene body region of 2522 genes had significantly differential methylation rates between the two groups, of which 288 genes had differential methylation rates in promoter and gene body regions. Analysis of alternative splicing showed 555 genes involved in exon skipping (ES) patterns, and 15 genes existed in differential methylation regions. Network analysis showed that 20 hub genes were associated with ubiquitinated protein degradation, muscle development pathways, and skeletal muscle energy metabolism. Our findings suggest that the two types of genetic modification have potential regulatory effects on skeletal muscle development and provide a basis for further mechanistic studies in the rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (H.F.); (K.D.); (S.X.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (S.H.); (X.J.)
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (H.F.); (K.D.); (S.X.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (S.H.); (X.J.)
| | - Mauricio A. Elzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Huimei Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (H.F.); (K.D.); (S.X.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (S.H.); (X.J.)
| | - Kun Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (H.F.); (K.D.); (S.X.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (S.H.); (X.J.)
| | - Siqi Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (H.F.); (K.D.); (S.X.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (S.H.); (X.J.)
| | - Jiahao Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (H.F.); (K.D.); (S.X.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (S.H.); (X.J.)
| | - Tianfu Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (H.F.); (K.D.); (S.X.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (S.H.); (X.J.)
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (H.F.); (K.D.); (S.X.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (S.H.); (X.J.)
| | - Xianbo Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (H.F.); (K.D.); (S.X.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (S.H.); (X.J.)
| | - Songjia Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.W.); (H.F.); (K.D.); (S.X.); (J.S.); (T.L.); (S.H.); (X.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Huang K, Duan HQ, Li QX, Luo YB, Bi FF, Yang H. Clinicopathological features of titinopathy from a Chinese neuromuscular center. Neuropathology 2021; 41:349-356. [PMID: 34553419 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Titin, one of the largest proteins in humans, is a major component of muscle sarcomeres. Pathogenic variants in the titin gene (TTN) have been reported to cause a range of skeletal muscle diseases, collectively known as titinopathy. Titinopathy is a heterogeneous group of disabling diseases characterized by muscle weakness. In our study, we aimed to establish the clinicopathological-genetic spectrum of titinopathy from a single neuromuscular center. Three patients were diagnosed as having definite titinopathy, and additional three patients were diagnosed as having possible titinopathy according to the diagnostic criteria. All the patients showed initial symptoms from age one to 40 years. Physical examination revealed that five patients had muscle weakness, and that one patient experienced behavioral changes. Muscle biopsy specimens obtained from all six patients demonstrated multiple myopathological changes, including increased fiber size variation, muscle fiber hypertrophy or atrophy, formation of centralized cell nuclei, necklace cytoplasmic bodies, and formation of rimmed vacuoles and cores. Genetic testing revealed 11 different TTN alterations, including missense (6/11), nonsense (2/11), frameshift (2/11), and splicing (1/11) mutations. Our study provides further evidence that TTN mutations are more likely to be responsible for an increasing proportion of various myopathies, such as hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure (HMERF), core myopathy, and distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles, than currently recognized mutations. Our findings expand the clinical, pathohistological and genetic spectrum of titinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Qian Duan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Xiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue-Bei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang-Fang Bi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Perrin A, Juntas Morales R, Chapon F, Thèze C, Lacourt D, Pégeot H, Uro‐Coste E, Giovannini D, Leboucq N, Mallaret M, Lagrange E, Rigau V, Gaudon K, Richard P, Koenig M, Métay C, Cossée M. Novel dominant distal titinopathy phenotype associated with copy number variation. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1906-1912. [PMID: 34312993 PMCID: PMC8419403 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze patients from two distinct families with a novel distal titinopathy phenotype associated with exactly the same CNV in the TTN gene. We used an integrated strategy combining deep phenotyping and complete molecular analyses in patients. The CNV is the most proximal out-of-frame TTN variant reported and leads to aberrant splicing transcripts leading to a frameshift. In this case, the dominant effect would be due to dominant-negative and/or haploinsufficiency. Few CNV in TTN have been reported to date. Our data represent a novel phenotype-genotype association and provides hypotheses for its dominant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Perrin
- Laboratoire de Génétique MoléculaireCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- PhyMedExpUniversité de MontpellierINSERMCNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Raul Juntas Morales
- Laboratoire de Génétique MoléculaireCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Service de NeurologieCentre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC (Atlantique‐Occitanie‐Caraïbe) Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Françoise Chapon
- Département de pathologieCentre de Compétence des Maladies NeuromusculairesCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de CaenCaenFrance
| | - Corinne Thèze
- Laboratoire de Génétique MoléculaireCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Delphine Lacourt
- Laboratoire de Génétique MoléculaireCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Henri Pégeot
- Laboratoire de Génétique MoléculaireCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Uro‐Coste
- Département d’Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiquesCentre Hospitalier Universitaire ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Diane Giovannini
- Service d’Anatomie et de Cytologie PathologiquesCHU Grenoble‐AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Nicolas Leboucq
- Service de NeuroradiologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de MontpellierMontpellier34090France
| | - Martial Mallaret
- Centre de Compétences des Maladies Neuro MusculairesCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Emmeline Lagrange
- Centre de Compétences des Maladies Neuro MusculairesCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Valérie Rigau
- Département de PathologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Karen Gaudon
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique moleculaire et cellulaireCentre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique et INSERM UMRS 974Institut de MyologieGroupe Hospitalier La Pitié‐Salpêtrière‐Charles FoixParisINSERMUMRS1166UPMC Paris 6ParisFrance
| | - Pascale Richard
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique moleculaire et cellulaireCentre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique et INSERM UMRS 974Institut de MyologieGroupe Hospitalier La Pitié‐Salpêtrière‐Charles FoixParisINSERMUMRS1166UPMC Paris 6ParisFrance
| | - Michel Koenig
- Laboratoire de Génétique MoléculaireCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- PhyMedExpUniversité de MontpellierINSERMCNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Corinne Métay
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique moleculaire et cellulaireCentre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique et INSERM UMRS 974Institut de MyologieGroupe Hospitalier La Pitié‐Salpêtrière‐Charles FoixParisINSERMUMRS1166UPMC Paris 6ParisFrance
| | - Mireille Cossée
- Laboratoire de Génétique MoléculaireCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- PhyMedExpUniversité de MontpellierINSERMCNRSMontpellierFrance
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Huang S, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Xiong H, Chang X. Centronuclear myopathy due to a de novo nonsense variant and a maternally inherited splice-site variant in TTN: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04478. [PMID: 34295493 PMCID: PMC8283857 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has resulted in an explosion of rare de novo TTN variants. The clinical interpretation of these de novo variants in patients with recessive titinopathy is very difficult. Here, we provided a useful way to identify compound heterozygous mutations with a de novo one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huang
- Department of PediatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurologyWuhan Children's HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yinan Ma
- Department of Central LaboratoryPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of PediatricsPeking University International HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of PediatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xingzhi Chang
- Department of PediatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
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29
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McDermott H, Henderson A, Robinson HK, Heaver R, Halahakoon C, Cox H, Naik S. Novel compound heterozygous TTN variants as a cause of severe neonatal congenital contracture syndrome without cardiac involvement diagnosed with rapid trio exome sequencing. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:783-787. [PMID: 34303570 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This report focuses on a case of severe congenital myopathy with arthrogryposis without cardiac involvement due to compound heterozygous variants in the TTN gene. The proband presented with severe axial hypotonia, arthrogryposis and severe respiratory insufficiency with ventilator dependence. Electromyogram was abnormal with absent motor responses but preserved sensory nerve responses. Rapid gene-agnostic trio exome sequencing detected novel compound heterozygous variants in the TTN gene. One variant is a truncating frameshift located in the meta-transcript only exon 195. The other variant is a nonsense variant in exon 327 which affects all recognised post-natal transcripts apart from one. This case presents with a severe phenotype and adds to the expanding known variants associated with autosomal recessive titinopathy. It also demonstrates the utility of rapid trio exome sequencing when used early in the clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen McDermott
- Clinical Genetics Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Amy Henderson
- Neonatal Unit, New Cross Hospital, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Hannah K Robinson
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard Heaver
- Neonatal Unit, New Cross Hospital, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - Helen Cox
- Clinical Genetics Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Swati Naik
- Clinical Genetics Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The last few years have confirmed previous assumptions of an enormous impact of the titin gene (TTN) on the occurrence of muscle disease, cardiomyopathy, or both together. The reason for this rather late understanding of its importance is because of the huge size which prevented sequencing of the whole gene by the previous Sanger technique in the individual cases. An update of the advances in diagnosing titinopathies is the main focus of this review. RECENT FINDINGS High throughput methods are now widely available for TTN sequencing and a corresponding explosion of different types of identified titinopathies is observed and published in the literature, although final confirmation is lacking in many cases with recessive missense variants. SUMMARY The implications of these findings for clinical practice are easy to understand: patients with previously undiagnosed muscle disease can now have a correct diagnosis and subsequently receive a likely prognosis, can have accurate genetic counseling for the whole family and early treatment for predictable complications from the heart and respiratory muscles. In addition not to forget, they can avoid wrong diagnoses leading to wrong treatments.
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31
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Savarese M, Välipakka S, Johari M, Hackman P, Udd B. Is Gene-Size an Issue for the Diagnosis of Skeletal Muscle Disorders? J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 7:203-216. [PMID: 32176652 PMCID: PMC7369045 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-190459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human genes have a variable length. Those having a coding sequence of extraordinary length and a high number of exons were almost impossible to sequence using the traditional Sanger-based gene-by-gene approach. High-throughput sequencing has partly overcome the size-related technical issues, enabling a straightforward, rapid and relatively inexpensive analysis of large genes. Several large genes (e.g. TTN, NEB, RYR1, DMD) are recognized as disease-causing in patients with skeletal muscle diseases. However, because of their sheer size, the clinical interpretation of variants in these genes is probably the most challenging aspect of the high-throughput genetic investigation in the field of skeletal muscle diseases. The main aim of this review is to discuss the technical and interpretative issues related to the diagnostic investigation of large genes and to reflect upon the current state of the art and the future advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Välipakka
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mridul Johari
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Hackman
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
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32
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Savarese M, Sarparanta J, Vihola A, Jonson PH, Johari M, Rusanen S, Hackman P, Udd B. Panorama of the distal myopathies. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2020; 39:245-265. [PMID: 33458580 PMCID: PMC7783427 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Distal myopathies are genetic primary muscle disorders with a prominent weakness at onset in hands and/or feet. The age of onset (from early childhood to adulthood), the distribution of muscle weakness (upper versus lower limbs) and the histological findings (ranging from nonspecific myopathic changes to myofibrillar disarrays and rimmed vacuoles) are extremely variable. However, despite being characterized by a wide clinical and genetic heterogeneity, the distal myopathies are a category of muscular dystrophies: genetic diseases with progressive loss of muscle fibers. Myopathic congenital arthrogryposis is also a form of distal myopathy usually caused by focal amyoplasia. Massive parallel sequencing has further expanded the long list of genes associated with a distal myopathy, and contributed identifying as distal myopathy-causative rare variants in genes more often related with other skeletal or cardiac muscle diseases. Currently, almost 20 genes (ACTN2, CAV3, CRYAB, DNAJB6, DNM2, FLNC, HNRNPA1, HSPB8, KHLH9, LDB3, MATR3, MB, MYOT, PLIN4, TIA1, VCP, NOTCH2NLC, LRP12, GIPS1) have been associated with an autosomal dominant form of distal myopathy. Pathogenic changes in four genes (ADSSL, ANO5, DYSF, GNE) cause an autosomal recessive form; and disease-causing variants in five genes (DES, MYH7, NEB, RYR1 and TTN) result either in a dominant or in a recessive distal myopathy. Finally, a digenic mechanism, underlying a Welander-like form of distal myopathy, has been recently elucidated. Rare pathogenic mutations in SQSTM1, previously identified with a bone disease (Paget disease), unexpectedly cause a distal myopathy when combined with a common polymorphism in TIA1. The present review aims at describing the genetic basis of distal myopathy and at summarizing the clinical features of the different forms described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Sarparanta
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Per Harald Jonson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mridul Johari
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Rusanen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Hackman
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
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Ross JA, Tasfaout H, Levy Y, Morgan J, Cowling BS, Laporte J, Zanoteli E, Romero NB, Lowe DA, Jungbluth H, Lawlor MW, Mack DL, Ochala J. rAAV-related therapy fully rescues myonuclear and myofilament function in X-linked myotubular myopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:167. [PMID: 33076971 PMCID: PMC7574461 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a life-threatening skeletal muscle disease caused by mutations in the MTM1 gene. XLMTM fibres display a population of nuclei mispositioned in the centre. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether positioning and overall distribution of nuclei affects cellular organization and contractile function, thereby contributing to muscle weakness in this disease. We also assessed whether gene therapy alters nuclear arrangement and function. We used tissue from human patients and animal models, including XLMTM dogs that had received increasing doses of recombinant AAV8 vector restoring MTM1 expression (rAAV8-cMTM1). We then used single isolated muscle fibres to analyze nuclear organization and contractile function. In addition to the expected mislocalization of nuclei in the centre of muscle fibres, a novel form of nuclear mispositioning was observed: irregular spacing between those located at the fibre periphery, and an overall increased number of nuclei, leading to dramatically smaller and inconsistent myonuclear domains. Nuclear mislocalization was associated with decreases in global nuclear synthetic activity, contractile protein content and intrinsic myofilament force production. A contractile deficit originating at the myofilaments, rather than mechanical interference by centrally positioned nuclei, was supported by experiments in regenerated mouse muscle. Systemic administration of rAAV8-cMTM1 at doses higher than 2.5 × 1013 vg kg−1 allowed a full rescue of all these cellular defects in XLMTM dogs. Altogether, these findings identify previously unrecognized pathological mechanisms in human and animal XLMTM, associated with myonuclear defects and contractile filament function. These defects can be reversed by gene therapy restoring MTM1 expression in dogs with XLMTM.
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The importance of an integrated genotype-phenotype strategy to unravel the molecular bases of titinopathies. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 30:877-887. [PMID: 33127292 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing (NGS) has allowed the titin gene (TTN) to be identified as a major contributor to neuromuscular disorders, with high clinical heterogeneity. The mechanisms underlying the phenotypic variability and the dominant or recessive pattern of inheritance are unclear. Titin is involved in the formation and stability of the sarcomeres. The effects of the different TTN variants can be harmless or pathogenic (recessive or dominant) but the interpretation is tricky because the current bioinformatics tools can not predict their functional impact effectively. Moreover, TTN variants are very frequent in the general population. The combination of deep phenotyping associated with RNA molecular analyses, western blot (WB) and functional studies is often essential for the interpretation of genetic variants in patients suspected of titinopathy. In line with the current guidelines and suggestions, we implemented for patients with skeletal myopathy and with potentially disease causing TTN variant(s) an integrated genotype-transcripts-protein-phenotype approach, associated with phenotype and variants segregation studies in relatives and confrontation with published data on titinopathies to evaluate pathogenic effects of TTN variants (even truncating ones) on titin transcripts, amount, size and functionality. We illustrate this integrated approach in four patients with recessive congenital myopathy.
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35
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Peris-Moreno D, Taillandier D, Polge C. MuRF1/TRIM63, Master Regulator of Muscle Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186663. [PMID: 32933049 PMCID: PMC7555135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1/TRIM63 was identified 20 years ago and suspected to play important roles during skeletal muscle atrophy. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to decipher the roles, molecular mechanisms and regulation of this enzyme. This revealed that MuRF1 is an important player in the skeletal muscle atrophy process occurring during catabolic states, making MuRF1 a prime candidate for pharmacological treatments against muscle wasting. Indeed, muscle wasting is an associated event of several diseases (e.g., cancer, sepsis, diabetes, renal failure, etc.) and negatively impacts the prognosis of patients, which has stimulated the search for MuRF1 inhibitory molecules. However, studies on MuRF1 cardiac functions revealed that MuRF1 is also cardioprotective, revealing a yin and yang role of MuRF1, being detrimental in skeletal muscle and beneficial in the heart. This review discusses data obtained on MuRF1, both in skeletal and cardiac muscles, over the past 20 years, regarding the structure, the regulation, the location and the different functions identified, and the first inhibitors reported, and aim to draw the picture of what is known about MuRF1. The review also discusses important MuRF1 characteristics to consider for the design of future drugs to maintain skeletal muscle mass in patients with different pathologies.
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36
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Swist S, Unger A, Li Y, Vöge A, von Frieling-Salewsky M, Skärlén Å, Cacciani N, Braun T, Larsson L, Linke WA. Maintenance of sarcomeric integrity in adult muscle cells crucially depends on Z-disc anchored titin. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4479. [PMID: 32900999 PMCID: PMC7478974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant protein titin is thought to be required for sarcomeric integrity in mature myocytes, but direct evidence for this hypothesis is limited. Here, we describe a mouse model in which Z-disc-anchored TTN is depleted in adult skeletal muscles. Inactivation of TTN causes sarcomere disassembly and Z-disc deformations, force impairment, myocyte de-stiffening, upregulation of TTN-binding mechanosensitive proteins and activation of protein quality-control pathways, concomitant with preferential loss of thick-filament proteins. Interestingly, expression of the myosin-bound Cronos-isoform of TTN, generated from an alternative promoter not affected by the targeting strategy, does not prevent deterioration of sarcomere formation and maintenance. Finally, we demonstrate that loss of Z-disc-anchored TTN recapitulates muscle remodeling in critical illness ‘myosinopathy’ patients, characterized by TTN-depletion and loss of thick filaments. We conclude that full-length TTN is required to integrate Z-disc and A-band proteins into the mature sarcomere, a function that is lost when TTN expression is pathologically lowered. Titin is considered an integrator of muscle cell proteins but direct evidence is limited. Here, titin is inactivated in adult mouse muscles, which causes sarcomere disassembly, protein mis-expression and force impairment, recapitulating key alterations in critical illness myopathy patient muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Swist
- Department of Systems Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Andreas Unger
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Munster, D-48149, Munster, Germany
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Munster, D-48149, Munster, Germany
| | - Anja Vöge
- Department of Systems Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Åsa Skärlén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Cacciani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Lars Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Munster, D-48149, Munster, Germany.
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37
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Genotype-phenotype correlations in recessive titinopathies. Genet Med 2020; 22:2029-2040. [PMID: 32778822 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High throughput sequencing analysis has facilitated the rapid analysis of the entire titin (TTN) coding sequence. This has resulted in the identification of a growing number of recessive titinopathy patients. The aim of this study was to (1) characterize the causative genetic variants and clinical features of the largest cohort of recessive titinopathy patients reported to date and (2) to evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations in this cohort. METHODS We analyzed clinical and genetic data in a cohort of patients with biallelic pathogenic or likely pathogenic TTN variants. The cohort included both previously reported cases (100 patients from 81 unrelated families) and unreported cases (23 patients from 20 unrelated families). RESULTS Overall, 132 causative variants were identified in cohort members. More than half of the cases had hypotonia at birth or muscle weakness and a delayed motor development within the first 12 months of life (congenital myopathy) with causative variants located along the entire gene. The remaining patients had a distal or proximal phenotype and a childhood or later (noncongenital) onset. All noncongenital cases had at least one pathogenic variant in one of the final three TTN exons (362-364). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a novel association between the location of nonsense variants and the clinical severity of the disease.
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38
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Uapinyoying P, Goecks J, Knoblach SM, Panchapakesan K, Bonnemann CG, Partridge TA, Jaiswal JK, Hoffman EP. A long-read RNA-seq approach to identify novel transcripts of very large genes. Genome Res 2020; 30:885-897. [PMID: 32660935 PMCID: PMC7370890 DOI: 10.1101/gr.259903.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RNA-seq is widely used for studying gene expression, but commonly used sequencing platforms produce short reads that only span up to two exon junctions per read. This makes it difficult to accurately determine the composition and phasing of exons within transcripts. Although long-read sequencing improves this issue, it is not amenable to precise quantitation, which limits its utility for differential expression studies. We used long-read isoform sequencing combined with a novel analysis approach to compare alternative splicing of large, repetitive structural genes in muscles. Analysis of muscle structural genes that produce medium (Nrap: 5 kb), large (Neb: 22 kb), and very large (Ttn: 106 kb) transcripts in cardiac muscle, and fast and slow skeletal muscles identified unannotated exons for each of these ubiquitous muscle genes. This also identified differential exon usage and phasing for these genes between the different muscle types. By mapping the in-phase transcript structures to known annotations, we also identified and quantified previously unannotated transcripts. Results were confirmed by endpoint PCR and Sanger sequencing, which revealed muscle-type-specific differential expression of these novel transcripts. The improved transcript identification and quantification shown by our approach removes previous impediments to studies aimed at quantitative differential expression of ultralong transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prech Uapinyoying
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C. 20010, USA.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.,Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Susan M Knoblach
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C. 20010, USA.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - Karuna Panchapakesan
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C. 20010, USA
| | - Carsten G Bonnemann
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C. 20010, USA.,Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Terence A Partridge
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C. 20010, USA.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C. 20010, USA.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C. 20010, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
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39
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van der Pijl RJ, Hudson B, Granzier-Nakajima T, Li F, Knottnerus AM, Smith J, Chung CS, Gotthardt M, Granzier HL, Ottenheijm CAC. Deleting Titin's C-Terminal PEVK Exons Increases Passive Stiffness, Alters Splicing, and Induces Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Hypertrophy in Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2020; 11:494. [PMID: 32547410 PMCID: PMC7274174 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Proline, Glutamate, Valine and Lysine-rich (PEVK) region of titin constitutes an entropic spring that provides passive tension to striated muscle. To study the functional and structural repercussions of a small reduction in the size of the PEVK region, we investigated skeletal muscles of a mouse with the constitutively expressed C-terminal PEVK exons 219-225 deleted, the TtnΔ219-225 model (MGI: TtnTM 2.1Mgot ). Based on this deletion, passive tension in skeletal muscle was predicted to be increased by ∼17% (sarcomere length 3.0 μm). In contrast, measured passive tension (sarcomere length 3.0 μm) in both soleus and EDL muscles was increased 53 ± 11% and 62 ± 4%, respectively. This unexpected increase was due to changes in titin, not to alterations in the extracellular matrix, and is likely caused by co-expression of two titin isoforms in TtnΔ219-225 muscles: a larger isoform that represents the TtnΔ219-225 N2A titin and a smaller isoform, referred to as N2A2. N2A2 represents a splicing adaption with reduced expression of spring element exons, as determined by titin exon microarray analysis. Maximal tetanic tension was increased in TtnΔ219-225 soleus muscle (WT 240 ± 9; TtnΔ219-225 276 ± 17 mN/mm2), but was reduced in EDL muscle (WT 315 ± 9; TtnΔ219-225 280 ± 14 mN/mm2). The changes in active tension coincided with a switch toward slow fiber types and, unexpectedly, faster kinetics of tension generation and relaxation. Functional overload (FO; ablation) and hindlimb suspension (HS; unloading) experiments were also conducted. TtnΔ219-225 mice showed increases in both longitudinal hypertrophy (increased number of sarcomeres in series) and cross-sectional hypertrophy (increased number of sarcomeres in parallel) in response to FO and attenuated cross-sectional atrophy in response to HS. In summary, slow- and fast-twitch muscles in a mouse model devoid of titin's PEVK exons 219-225 have high passive tension, due in part to alterations elsewhere in splicing of titin's spring region, increased kinetics of tension generation and relaxation, and altered trophic responses to both functional overload and unloading. This implicates titin's C-terminal PEVK region in regulating passive and active muscle mechanics and muscle plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J van der Pijl
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brian Hudson
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Frank Li
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Anne M Knottnerus
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John Smith
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Charles S Chung
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Cardiology, Virchow Klinikum, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henk L Granzier
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Coen A C Ottenheijm
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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40
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Perrin A, Metay C, Villanova M, Carlier RY, Pegoraro E, Juntas Morales R, Stojkovic T, Richard I, Richard P, Romero NB, Granzier H, Koenig M, Malfatti E, Cossée M. A new congenital multicore titinopathy associated with fast myosin heavy chain deficiency. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:846-854. [PMID: 32307885 PMCID: PMC7261750 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital titinopathies are myopathies with variable phenotypes and inheritance modes. Here, we fully characterized, using an integrated approach (deep phenotyping, muscle morphology, mRNA and protein evaluation in muscle biopsies), two siblings with congenital multicore myopathy harboring three TTN variants predicted to affect titin stability and titin-myosin interactions. Muscle biopsies showed multicores, type 1 fiber uniformity and sarcomeric structure disruption with some thick filament loss. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting revealed a marked reduction of fast myosin heavy chain isoforms. This is the first observation of a titinopathy suggesting that titin defect leads to secondary loss of fast myosin heavy chain isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Perrin
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de Maladies Rares, EA 7402, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Metay
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique et INSERM UMRS 974, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, INSERM UMRS1166, UPMC Paris 6, Paris, France
| | | | - Robert-Yves Carlier
- DMU Smart Imaging, Medical Imaging Department Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GHU Paris-Saclay University, Garches, France.,INSERM U 1179, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) Paris-Saclay, Garches, France
| | | | - Raul Juntas Morales
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de Maladies Rares, EA 7402, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Myology Institute, Neuromuscular Pathology Reference Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Généthon, INSERM, UMR951 INTEGRARE Research Unit, 91002, Evry, France
| | - Pascale Richard
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique et INSERM UMRS 974, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, INSERM UMRS1166, UPMC Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Norma B Romero
- Myology Institute, Neuromuscular Pathology Reference Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Unit of Neuromuscular Morphology, Institute of Myology, Pitié-SalpêtrièreUniversity Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, MRB 325. 1656 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona, 85724-5217
| | - Michel Koenig
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de Maladies Rares, EA 7402, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- Service Neurologie Médicale, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, CHU Raymond-Poincaré, Garches, France.,U1179 UVSQ-INSERM Handicap Neuromusculaire: Physiologie, Biothérapie et Pharmacologie Appliquées, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - Mireille Cossée
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de Maladies Rares, EA 7402, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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41
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Nikonova E, Kao SY, Spletter ML. Contributions of alternative splicing to muscle type development and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:65-80. [PMID: 32070639 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Animals possess a wide variety of muscle types that support different kinds of movements. Different muscles have distinct locations, morphologies and contractile properties, raising the question of how muscle diversity is generated during development. Normal aging processes and muscle disorders differentially affect particular muscle types, thus understanding how muscles normally develop and are maintained provides insight into alterations in disease and senescence. As muscle structure and basic developmental mechanisms are highly conserved, many important insights into disease mechanisms in humans as well as into basic principles of muscle development have come from model organisms such as Drosophila, zebrafish and mouse. While transcriptional regulation has been characterized to play an important role in myogenesis, there is a growing recognition of the contributions of alternative splicing to myogenesis and the refinement of muscle function. Here we review our current understanding of muscle type specific alternative splicing, using examples of isoforms with distinct functions from both vertebrates and Drosophila. Future exploration of the vast potential of alternative splicing to fine-tune muscle development and function will likely uncover novel mechanisms of isoform-specific regulation and a more holistic understanding of muscle development, disease and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikonova
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Shao-Yen Kao
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Maria L Spletter
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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42
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Beecroft SJ, Olive M, Quereda LG, Gallano P, Ojanguren I, McLean C, McCombe P, Laing NG, Ravenscroft G. Cylindrical spirals in two families: Clinical and genetic investigations. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 30:151-158. [PMID: 31952901 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrical spirals are a rare ultrastructural finding on muscle biopsy, with fewer than 20 reported cases since its first description in 1979. These structures are sometimes observed with tubular aggregates and are thought to comprise longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum. While mutations in genes encoding key components of Ca2+ handling (ORAI1 and STIM1) underlie tubular aggregate myopathy, no causative genes have been associated with cylindrical spirals. Here we describe two families with cylindrical spirals on muscle biopsy with a suspected genetic cause. In one family we identified a known truncating variant in EBF3, previously associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder. The affected individuals in this family present with clinical features overlapping with those described for EBF3 disease. An isolated proband in the second family harbours bi-allelic truncating variants in TTN and her clinical course and other features on biopsy are highly concordant for titinopathy. From experimental studies, EBF3 is known to be involved in Ca2+ regulation in muscle, thus EBF3 dysregulation may represent a novel mechanism of impaired Ca2+ handling leading to cylindrical spirals. Additional cases of EBF3 disease or titinopathy with cylindrical spirals need to be identified to support the involvement of these genes in the pathogenesis of cylindrical spirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Beecroft
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Australia
| | - Montse Olive
- Neuropathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | | | - Pia Gallano
- CIBERER, Genetics Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Isabel Ojanguren
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Catriona McLean
- Victorian Neuromuscular Laboratory, Alfred Health, Commercial Rd, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Pamela McCombe
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Australia
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Australia.
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43
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Bryen SJ, Ewans LJ, Pinner J, MacLennan SC, Donkervoort S, Castro D, Töpf A, O'Grady G, Cummings B, Chao KR, Weisburd B, Francioli L, Faiz F, Bournazos AM, Hu Y, Grosmann C, Malicki DM, Doyle H, Witting N, Vissing J, Claeys KG, Urankar K, Beleza-Meireles A, Baptista J, Ellard S, Savarese M, Johari M, Vihola A, Udd B, Majumdar A, Straub V, Bönnemann CG, MacArthur DG, Davis MR, Cooper ST. Recurrent TTN metatranscript-only c.39974-11T>G splice variant associated with autosomal recessive arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and myopathy. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:403-411. [PMID: 31660661 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We present eight families with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and myopathy bearing a TTN intron 213 extended splice-site variant (NM_001267550.1:c.39974-11T>G), inherited in trans with a second pathogenic TTN variant. Muscle-derived RNA studies of three individuals confirmed mis-splicing induced by the c.39974-11T>G variant; in-frame exon 214 skipping or use of a cryptic 3' splice-site effecting a frameshift. Confounding interpretation of pathogenicity is the absence of exons 213-217 within the described skeletal muscle TTN N2A isoform. However, RNA-sequencing from 365 adult human gastrocnemius samples revealed that 56% specimens predominantly include exons 213-217 in TTN transcripts (inclusion rate ≥66%). Further, RNA-sequencing of five fetal muscle samples confirmed that 4/5 specimens predominantly include exons 213-217 (fifth sample inclusion rate 57%). Contractures improved significantly with age for four individuals, which may be linked to decreased expression of pathogenic fetal transcripts. Our study extends emerging evidence supporting a vital developmental role for TTN isoforms containing metatranscript-only exons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Bryen
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa J Ewans
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason Pinner
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Suzanna C MacLennan
- Neurology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Diana Castro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ana Töpf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gina O'Grady
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Beryl Cummings
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine R Chao
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ben Weisburd
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Laurent Francioli
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fathimath Faiz
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Adam M Bournazos
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ying Hu
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carla Grosmann
- Department of Neurology, Rady Children's Hospital University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Denise M Malicki
- Department of Pathology, Rady Children's Hospital University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Helen Doyle
- Department of Histopathology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Nanna Witting
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristl G Claeys
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Muscle Diseases and Neuropathies, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathryn Urankar
- Department of Neuropathology, Southmead Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Beleza-Meireles
- Clinical Genetics, Bristol Royal Hospital For Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Baptista
- Molecular Genetics Department, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Ellard
- Molecular Genetics Department, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Mridul Johari
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.,Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Anirban Majumdar
- Paediatric Neurology, Bristol Royal Hospital For Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Functional Neuromics, The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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44
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Watanabe D, Lamboley CR, Lamb GD. Effects of S-glutathionylation on the passive force-length relationship in skeletal muscle fibres of rats and humans. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:239-250. [PMID: 31679105 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of S-glutathionylation on passive force in skeletal muscle fibres, to determine whether activity-related redox reactions could modulate the passive force properties of muscle. Mechanically-skinned fibres were freshly obtained from human and rat muscle, setting sarcomere length (SL) by laser diffraction. Larger stretches were required to produce passive force in human fibres compared to rat fibres, but there were no fibre-type differences in either species. When fibres were exposed to glutathione disulfide (GSSG; 20 mM, 15 min) whilst stretched (at a SL where passive force reached ~ 20% of maximal Ca2+-activated force, denoted as SL20 % max), passive force was subsequently decreased at all SLs in both type I and type II fibres of rat and human (e.g., passive force at SL20 % max decreased by 12 to 25%). This decrease was fully reversed by subsequent reducing treatment with dithiothreitol (DTT; 10 mM for 10 min). If freshly skinned fibres were initially treated with DTT, there was an increase in passive force in type II fibres (by 10 ± 3% and 9 ± 2% in rat and human fibres, respectively), but not in type I fibres. These results indicate that (i) S-glutathionylation, presumably in titin, causes a decrease in passive force in skeletal muscle fibres, but the reduction is relatively smaller than that reported in cardiac muscle, (ii) in rested muscle in vivo, there appears to be some level of reversible oxidative modification, probably involving S-glutathionylation of titin, in type II fibres, but not in type I fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Cedric R Lamboley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Graham D Lamb
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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45
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Yu M, Zhu Y, Xie Z, Zheng Y, Xiao J, Zhang W, Nishino I, Yuan Y, Wang Z. Novel TTN mutations and muscle imaging characteristics in congenital titinopathy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1311-1318. [PMID: 31353864 PMCID: PMC6649615 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We present clinical features, muscle imaging findings, and genetic characteristics of five unrelated Chinese patients with congenital titinopathy, emphasizing the diagnostic role of muscle MRI. Methods Five patients who recessive titinopathies were recruited. All patients received muscle biopsies. Mutations were detected by panel massively parallel sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Western blotting of muscle proteins was performed. Leg muscle MRIs were performed in four patients. Results Four patients aged 1–4 years old showed delayed motor development from early infancy, while a 17‐year‐old boy showed only a 1‐year history of exercise intolerance. Physical examination showed proximal weakness in three patients. Muscle biopsies demonstrated multiple myopathological changes, including increased internalized nuclei, multicores, central cores, and dystrophic changes. Genetic sequencing revealed compound heterozygous or homozygous novel TTN mutations, including six frameshift mutations, one nonsense mutation, two missense mutations, one splicing mutation, and one small nonframeshift deletion. Protein analyses revealed significant decrease of full‐length titin in all patients. Thigh muscle MRIs in four patients showed prominent fatty infiltration in the upper portion of semitendinosus and the peripheral portion of gluteus medius, while the sartorius and gracilis were relatively preserved. Interpretation These cases provided further evidence that TTN mutations are likely responsible for an increasing proportion of congenital myopathies than currently recognized. The novel mutations reported expand the mutation spectrum of the TTN gene. There is a characteristic pattern of muscle involvement in congenital titinopathy regardless of clinical or pathological phenotype, providing valuable clues for guiding a genetic diagnosis workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Xie
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangxi Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The protein titin plays a key role in vertebrate muscle where it acts like a giant molecular spring. Despite its importance and conservation over vertebrate evolution, a lack of high quality annotations in non-model species makes comparative evolutionary studies of titin challenging. The PEVK region of titin—named for its high proportion of Pro-Glu-Val-Lys amino acids—is particularly difficult to annotate due to its abundance of alternatively spliced isoforms and short, highly repetitive exons. To understand PEVK evolution across mammals, we developed a bioinformatics tool, PEVK_Finder, to annotate PEVK exons from genomic sequences of titin and applied it to a diverse set of mammals. PEVK_Finder consistently outperforms standard annotation tools across a broad range of conditions and improves annotations of the PEVK region in non-model mammalian species. We find that the PEVK region can be divided into two subregions (PEVK-N, PEVK-C) with distinct patterns of evolutionary constraint and divergence. The bipartite nature of the PEVK region has implications for titin diversification. In the PEVK-N region, certain exons are conserved and may be essential, but natural selection also acts on particular codons. In the PEVK-C, exons are more homogenous and length variation of the PEVK region may provide the raw material for evolutionary adaptation in titin function. The PEVK-C region can be further divided into a highly repetitive region (PEVK-CA) and one that is more variable (PEVK-CB). Taken together, we find that the very complexity that makes titin a challenge for annotation tools may also promote evolutionary adaptation.
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Networks of mRNA Processing and Alternative Splicing Regulation in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1157:1-27. [PMID: 31342435 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19966-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
mRNA processing events introduce an intricate layer of complexity into gene expression processes, supporting a tremendous level of diversification of the genome's coding and regulatory potential, particularly in vertebrate species. The recent development of massive parallel sequencing methods and their adaptation to the identification and quantification of different RNA species and the dynamics of mRNA metabolism and processing has generated an unprecedented view over the regulatory networks that are established at this level, which contribute to sustain developmental, tissue specific or disease specific gene expression programs. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the recent evolution of transcriptome profiling methods and the surprising insights that have emerged in recent years regarding distinct mRNA processing events - from the 5' end to the 3' end of the molecule.
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Ravenscroft G, Bryson-Richardson RJ, Nowak KJ, Laing NG. Recent advances in understanding congenital myopathies. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30631434 PMCID: PMC6290972 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16422.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
By definition, congenital myopathy typically presents with skeletal muscle weakness and hypotonia at birth. Traditionally, congenital myopathy subtypes have been predominantly distinguished on the basis of the pathological hallmarks present on skeletal muscle biopsies. Many genes cause congenital myopathies when mutated, and a burst of new causative genes have been identified because of advances in gene sequencing technology. Recent discoveries include extending the disease phenotypes associated with previously identified genes and determining that genes formerly known to cause only dominant disease can also cause recessive disease. The more recently identified congenital myopathy genes account for only a small proportion of patients. Thus, the congenital myopathy genes remaining to be discovered are predicted to be extremely rare causes of disease, which greatly hampers their identification. Significant progress in the provision of molecular diagnoses brings important information and value to patients and their families, such as possible disease prognosis, better disease management, and informed reproductive choice, including carrier screening of parents. Additionally, from accurate genetic knowledge, rational treatment options can be hypothesised and subsequently evaluated
in vitro and in animal models. A wide range of potential congenital myopathy therapies have been investigated on the basis of improved understanding of disease pathomechanisms, and some therapies are in clinical trials. Although large hurdles remain, promise exists for translating treatment benefits from preclinical models to patients with congenital myopathy, including harnessing proven successes for other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ravenscroft
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Kristen J Nowak
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Office of Population Health Genomics, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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