1
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Palmer B, Irwin C, Desbrow B. A review of factors influencing drinking behaviours in young Australian adults using a behavioural framework approach. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:170-187. [PMID: 37830638 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
ISSUES Young adults (aged 18-24 years) are more likely to binge drink than any other age group in Australia. These behaviours expose young adults to possible adverse events, with potential for acute harms. APPROACH A behavioural framework (capability, opportunity, motivation-behaviour [COM-B model]) was used to explore factors that influence the drinking behaviours of young Australian adults. Potential studies were identified by searching four online data bases. Content pertaining to factors moderating young adults' alcohol consumption behaviours (either increasing or decreasing alcohol consumption) in an Australian population was extracted. Factors were then categorised/mapped into the six sub-components of the COM-B model. A narrative synthesis/discussion was subsequently undertaken. KEY FINDINGS Factors increasing or reducing alcohol consumption behaviours were identified across all components of the COM-B model. Overall, alcohol consumption behaviours appear strongly influenced by physical and social opportunities, and young adults have reflective and automatic motivations (i.e., habitual processes, emotional responding and analytical decisional making that directs behaviour) to consume alcohol with purpose and/or reason. IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION The use of a behavioural framework (e.g., the COM-B model) facilitates an integrated understanding of factors influencing alcohol consumption behaviours. Future harm minimisation strategies need to consider the interrelated, contemporary factors underpinning a young adult's decision to consume alcohol within the context of modern Australian society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Palmer
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Christopher Irwin
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ben Desbrow
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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2
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Guindon GE, Zhao K, Fatima T, Garasia S, Quinn N, Baskerville NB, Paraje G. Prices, taxes and alcohol use: a systematic umbrella review. Addiction 2022; 117:3004-3023. [PMID: 35661298 PMCID: PMC9796894 DOI: 10.1111/add.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To measure the impact of taxes and prices on alcohol use with particular attention to the different context of rising alcohol consumption in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS Systematic review: we searched MEDLINE, Embase, EconLit and LILACS, grey literature, hand-searched five specialty journals and examined references of relevant studies. We considered all reviews that included studies that quantitatively examined the relationship between alcohol prices or taxes and alcohol use. At least two reviewers independently screened the articles and extracted the characteristics, methods and main results and assessed the quality of each included study. We identified 30 reviews. RESULTS There was overwhelming evidence that higher alcohol prices and taxes were associated with lower total alcohol consumption and that price responsiveness varied by beverage type. Total own-price elasticities of alcohol demand were consistently negative and substantial enough to be policy meaningful; total own-price elasticities for beer, wine and spirits were found to be approximately -0.3, -0.6 and -0.65. Reviews generally concluded that higher taxes and prices were associated with lower heavy episodic drinking and heavy drinking, although the magnitude of these associations was generally unclear. Reviews provided no evidence that alcohol price responsiveness differed by socioeconomic status, mixed and contradictory evidence with respect to age and sex and limited evidence that price responsiveness in low- and middle-income countries was approximately the same as in high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS Taxes are effective in reducing alcohol use. Moreover, increasing the price of alcohol by increasing taxes can also be expected to increase tax revenue, because the demand for alcohol is most certainly inelastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Emmanuel Guindon
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy AnalysisMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada,Department of EconomicsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Kevin Zhao
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy AnalysisMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Tooba Fatima
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy AnalysisMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Sophiya Garasia
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy AnalysisMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | | | | | - Guillermo Paraje
- Escuela de Negocios, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezSantiagoChile,Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policies (nDP)Santiago de ChileChile
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3
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Hiltunen L, Kvillemo P, Demetry Y, Gripenberg J, Elgán TH, Skoglund C. Risky Drinking Cultures Among Affluent Youth in Sweden. Front Public Health 2022; 10:867802. [PMID: 35874995 PMCID: PMC9304773 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.867802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing scientific interest in drinking behavior among young people in affluent areas, who report higher levels of alcohol consumption compared to youth in less privileged areas. This phenomenon has been observed in several Western countries. The research has been dominated by variable-oriented analyses and has presented interesting explanations, but there has been little research into these young people's own experiences of and attitudes toward alcohol consumption. To develop interventions targeting this group, we need to understand their lifeworld. This study aims to develop an in-depth understanding of the high alcohol consumption among young people in affluent areas and how they themselves experience it. In the spring of 2019, we conducted 20 in-depth interviews with adolescents in upper secondary school (aged 15–19) in one of the most affluent area in Sweden. The empirical material was analyzed thematically. Theoretically, the phenomenon is understood by relating to social identity processes and considering the group's material, social and cultural means through Bourdieu's metaphors of capital. We found that affluent youth link their social identities to alcohol consumption. Alcohol is a social beverage that opens social networks and contributes to a sense of community. The consumption of alcohol gives experience capital leading to status in this context, with clear norms and expectations governing alcohol consumption. Parties are arranged in protected spaces where young people are free to drink out of the adults' sight. Affluent youths also have considerable purchasing power which contributes to drinking, and they are socialized into a pre-existing adult alcohol culture characterized by a liberal view on alcohol. Finally, when alcohol consumption escalates, the youths perceive that it is difficult to get adequate help from the adult world. The findings are important for future preventive interventions for subgroups of adolescents at high risk for heavy drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hiltunen
- Department of Social Studies, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Linda Hiltunen
| | - Pia Kvillemo
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Youstina Demetry
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Gripenberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias H. Elgán
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Skoglund
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Keyes KM. Age, Period, and Cohort Effects in Alcohol Use in the United States in the 20th and 21st Centuries: Implications for the Coming Decades. Alcohol Res 2022; 42:02. [PMID: 35083099 PMCID: PMC8772964 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v42.1.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as part of the National Institute of Mental Health and later as an independent institute of the National Institutes of Health, NIAAA today is the world's largest funding agency for alcohol research. In addition to its own intramural research program, NIAAA supports the entire spectrum of innovative basic, translational, and clinical research to advance the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related problems. To celebrate the anniversary, NIAAA hosted a 2-day symposium, "Alcohol Across the Lifespan: 50 Years of Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment Research," devoted to key topics within the field of alcohol research. This article is based on Dr. Keyes' presentation at the event. NIAAA Director George F. Koob, Ph.D., serves as editor of the Festschrift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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5
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Molaeipour L, Ghalandari M, Kangavari HN, Alizadeh Z, Jafari E, Gholami F, Ghahremanzadeh N, Safari S, Mohseni V, Shahsavan M, Motevalian SA. The association between current smoking and binge drinking among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1084762. [PMID: 36741566 PMCID: PMC9889925 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1084762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The substantial increasing trend of binge drinking is a global alarm. Our aim was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies to explore the association of current smoking with binge drinking among adults. METHODS We systematically searched Web of Knowledge; PubMed; Scopus; Embase and Ovid (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PsycEXTRA, and PsycTests) (from inception to 27 May 2020) databases to identify cross-sectional studies of the association between current smoking and binge drinking. Study screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment were all carried out by two independent authors. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was pooled with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random effects model in the meta-analysis, followed by the investigation of the heterogeneity via Q-test and I 2 statistic. We assessed publication bias using a funnel plot, the Egger's, and Begg's tests. RESULTS We identified 3,171 studies and included nine cross-sectional studies with 64,516 participants. A significant association was found between current smoking and binge drinking among both genders (AOR = 2.97; 95% CI = 1.98 to 4.45; I 2 = 90.5%). Subgroup analysis showed that this association among women, men, Caucasians, and Asians/Africans were (AOR = 3.68; 95% CI = 1.03 to 13.18; I 2 = 98.9%), (AOR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.87 to 3.42; I 2 = 73.1%), (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01-1.83, I 2 = 47.4%), and (AOR = 3.93; 95% CI: 2.99-5.17, I 2 = 61.3%), respectively. There was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSION Current smoking is associated with binge drinking and can be used for identifying and screening binge drinkers. Moreover, this association is stronger among men, and Asians/Africans. This meta-analysis estimation was limited to English-language studies, and the full text of about 3.5% of reports for retrieval was not found, then generalization of the results should be done with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Molaeipour
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghalandari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hajar Nazari Kangavari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Jafari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Ghahremanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Safari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Mohseni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Shahsavan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Motevalian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Trolldal B, Landberg J, Ramstedt M. Changes in the Price of Alcohol and Effect on Youth Drinking and in Different Socio-Economic Groups. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 56:475-481. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Many studies have shown that changes in alcohol prices have a significant effect on total sales. However, few studies have focused on youth, particularly in different socioeconomic groups. This study examined the effect of changes in the price of alcohol on consumption levels and binge drinking among 15 to 16 year old students in Sweden, both overall, among boys and girls, as well as within different socioeconomic groups.
Methods
Data on consumption were retrieved from a representative survey of students aged 15-16, conducted annually between 1989 and 2017. Time series analysis employed an autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA). Two types of price data were used: the official price at the retail stores, and the mean price of the ten cheapest beverages in each category. The mean aggregate annual income per Swedish household was included as a control variable.
The variable used to measure the socioeconomic status was the proportion of the ninth-grade students at each school, who had at least one parent with an education higher than upper secondary school.
Results
The students' alcohol consumption levels and binge drinking were not significantly affected by price changes during the study period; this was true both for the group as a whole, and among subgroups of boys or girls or of different socioeconomic status. Results were similar regardless of which type of price data variable was used in the analyses.
Conclusion
Neither average nor minimum price of alcohol had a significant impact on the development of youth drinking in Sweden during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Trolldal
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Östgötagatan 90, Stockholm SE-116 64, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Jonas Landberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Mats Ramstedt
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Östgötagatan 90, Stockholm SE-116 64, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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7
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Sharmin S, Kypri K, Wadolowski M, Bruno R, Khanam M, Aiken A, Hutchinson D, Najman JM, Slade T, McBride N, Attia J, Palazzi K, Oldmeadow C, Mattick RP. Parent hazardous drinking and their children's alcohol use in early and mid-adolescence: prospective cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2020; 29:736-740. [PMID: 30851106 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Why adolescents' drinking is associated with their parents' drinking remains unclear. We examined associations in a prospective cohort study, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and family factors. METHODS We recruited 1927 children from grade 7 classes (mean age 13 years), and one of their parents, in three Australian states, contacted participants annually from 2010 to 2014, and analysed data from assessments at ages 13, 14, 15 and 16 years. We used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) subscale to identify hazardous drinking in parents (score ≥5) and children (score ≥3) and constructed mixed-effect logistic regression models, accounting for clustering within school and adjusting for likely confounders. We evaluated the sensitivity of estimates by imputing missing values assuming the data were missing at random vs. missing not at random. RESULTS Parent hazardous drinking predicted mid-adolescent hazardous drinking, e.g. 15 years olds whose parents [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.00; 95% confidence interval 1.51-2.64] or parents' partners (aOR 1.94; 1.48-2.55) were hazardous drinkers had higher odds of being hazardous drinkers at age 16. The magnitude of univariate associations changed little after adjusting for covariates, and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the association, across a wide range of assumptions about the missing data. CONCLUSIONS The associations between parents' and their adolescent children's hazardous drinking are unlikely to be due to confounding by socio-demographic and family factors. Parents should be encouraged, and supported by public policy, to reduce their own alcohol consumption in order to reduce their children's risk of becoming hazardous drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sharmin
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kypros Kypri
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Monika Wadolowski
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Masuma Khanam
- School of Health Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jackob M Najman
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerrin Palazzi
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Leal-López E, Moreno-Maldonado C, Inchley J, Deforche B, Van Havere T, Van Damme J, Buijs T, Sánchez-Queija I, Currie D, Vieno A, De Clercq B. Association of alcohol control policies with adolescent alcohol consumption and with social inequality in adolescent alcohol consumption: A multilevel study in 33 countries and regions. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 84:102854. [PMID: 32717703 PMCID: PMC7762782 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous research found inconsistent associations between alcohol control policies and socioeconomic inequality with adolescent drinking outcomes. This study expands the focus beyond individual associations to examine whether a combination of policies is related to socioeconomic inequality in adolescent drinking outcomes and whether this relationship varies across survey years. Methods Multilevel modelling of 4 waves of repeat cross-sectional survey data (2001/02, 2005/06, 2009/10, and 2013/14) from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study was carried out. The sample was composed of 671,084 adolescents (51% girls) aged 11, 13, and 15 (mean age=13.58; SD=1.65) from 33 European and North American countries/regions. The dependent variables were lifetime alcohol consumption, weekly alcohol consumption, and lifetime drunkenness. Independent variables were of three types: individual-level variables (age, sex, Family Affluence Scale, and the Perceived Family Wealth), time-level variable (survey year), and context-level variables (minimum legal drinking age, physical availability, advertising restrictions, a total alcohol policy index, and affordability of alcohol). Results The total alcohol policy index showed a negative relationship with both lifetime and weekly consumption. Higher affordability of alcohol was related to higher lifetime and weekly consumption and higher lifetime drunkenness. Family Affluence Scale was positively related to all three alcohol measures and Perceived Family Wealth was negatively related to lifetime drunkenness, with these associations increasing across survey years. The total alcohol policy index buffered the associations of Family Affluence Scale and Perceived Family Wealth with adolescent drinking outcomes. Conclusion A combination of alcohol control policies is more effective in reducing adolescent drinking outcomes than single policy measures. Reducing the affordability of alcohol stood out as the most successful single measure. Socioeconomic inequalities (i.e. higher alcohol consumption and drunkenness in adolescents with higher family affluence and higher drunkenness in adolescents perceiving their families to be poor) have persisted and even increased across survey years. A combined alcohol control policy can help in tackling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Leal-López
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology. University of Seville. C/Camilo José Cela, s/n. 41018, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - C Moreno-Maldonado
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology. University of Seville. C/Camilo José Cela, s/n. 41018, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow. 200 Renfield St, Glasgow G2 3AX, UK; School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - B Deforche
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University. Academical Hospital, 4K3. Corneel Heymanslaan, 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Van Havere
- School of Social Welfare, University of Applied Sciences of Ghent. Hoogpoort 15, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Van Damme
- Flemish Expertise Centre on Alcohol and other Drugs, Vanderlindenstraat 15, 1030, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Buijs
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University. Academical Hospital, 4K3. Corneel Heymanslaan, 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - I Sánchez-Queija
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology. University of Seville. C/Camilo José Cela, s/n. 41018, Sevilla, Spain
| | - D Currie
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - A Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova. Via Venezia, 8 35131 - Padova, Italy
| | - B De Clercq
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University. Academical Hospital, 4K3. Corneel Heymanslaan, 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Chalak A, Ghandour L, Anouti S, Nakkash R, Yassin N, Afifi R. The impact of broad-based vs targeted taxation on youth alcohol consumption in Lebanon. Health Policy Plan 2020; 35:625-634. [DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study aims to model youth’s off-premise alcohol demand and forecasts ethanol intake responsiveness to alcohol taxes. Using stated preference alcohol purchase data from a survey of 1024 university students in Lebanon, we derive price elasticities that we use to forecast the effects of two excise tax scenarios on overall ethanol intake. The first scenario imposes a broad-based 20% tax on all types of alcoholic beverages, and the second scenario imposes a targeted 20% tax only on the high ethanol content, while exempting the lower ethanol beverages. Overall, targeted taxes are found to achieve a reduction in ethanol intake that is nearly three times that achieved by broad taxes (15.7% vs 5.3%). For ‘past-month binge drinkers’, targeted taxes would decrease alcohol intake by 16.3%, while broad taxes increase it by 3.3%. Finally, ethanol intake among participants who prefer low ethanol content would decrease under targeted taxes by more than five times as much as under broad taxes. For ‘high-ethanol drinkers’, targeted taxes decrease alcohol intake by an even larger proportion than for ‘low-ethanol drinkers’ (19.0% vs 15.6%), while broad taxes increase their ethanol intake by ∼16.0%. This study contributes evidence that taxation policy substantially reduces alcohol consumption and that alcohol consumption patterns should be accounted for when designing taxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Chalak
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Lilian Ghandour
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Sirine Anouti
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Rima Nakkash
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Nasser Yassin
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Rima Afifi
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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10
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Rehm J, Crépault J, Wettlaufer A, Manthey J, Shield K. What is the best indicator of the harmful use of alcohol? A narrative review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 39:624-631. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Institute for Mental Health Policy Research Toronto Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute Toronto Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Jean‐François Crépault
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Institute for Mental Health Policy Research Toronto Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Ashley Wettlaufer
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Institute for Mental Health Policy Research Toronto Canada
| | - Jakob Manthey
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Dresden University of Technology Dresden Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Kevin Shield
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Institute for Mental Health Policy Research Toronto Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Canada
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11
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Rehm J, Manthey J, Lange S, Badaras R, Zurlyte I, Passmore J, Breda J, Ferreira-Borges C, Štelemėkas M. Alcohol control policy and changes in alcohol-related traffic harm. Addiction 2020; 115:655-665. [PMID: 31475395 DOI: 10.1111/add.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study the impact of alcohol control policy measures (i.e. increases in taxation, restrictions on availability, including minimum purchasing age regulations, legislation on drink driving and advertisement bans) on alcohol-related traffic harm in Lithuania between January 2004 and February 2019. DESIGN Analyses of trend data on the proportion of alcohol-related collisions and crashes, injury and mortality, adjusting for secular trends, seasonality, periods of alcohol control measure implementation and economic development. Generalized additive mixed models were used. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted. SETTING Lithuania. CASES Monthly number of alcohol-related cases of traffic collisions and crashes, injuries and deaths. INTERVENTIONS AND COMPARATORS Periods of time during which new alcohol control measures were implemented and/or augmented compared to periods when they were not. MEASUREMENTS Monthly data for 2004 to 2019 from routine statistics of the Lithuanian Road Police Service. FINDINGS All indicators decreased consistently and significantly after the implementation of alcohol control measures, including increased taxation, reduction of availability and a ban on advertisement, starting in 2014. On average, each implemented policy measure permanently reduced the proportion of alcohol-attributable crashes by 0.55% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.21-0.90%; P = 0.002], the proportion of alcohol-attributable injuries by 0.60% (95% CI = 0.24-0.97%; P = 0.001) and the proportion of alcohol-attributable deaths by 0.13% (95% CI = 0.10-0.15%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol control policy measures, including measures to reduce overall level of alcohol consumption, were associated with a marked decrease in alcohol-related traffic harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jakob Manthey
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shannon Lange
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robertas Badaras
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Toxicology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Vilnius University Emergency Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - João Breda
- WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carina Ferreira-Borges
- WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mindaugas Štelemėkas
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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12
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Siegfried N, Parry C. Do alcohol control policies work? An umbrella review and quality assessment of systematic reviews of alcohol control interventions (2006 - 2017). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214865. [PMID: 30969992 PMCID: PMC6457561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2010 World Health Organization Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol recommends countries adopt evidence-based interventions. AIM To update, summarize, and appraise the methodological rigour of systematic reviews of selected alcohol control interventions in the Strategy. METHODS We searched for systematic reviews across PUBMED, EMBase and The Cochrane Library in 2016 and updated in 2017 with no language limits. Two investigators independently in duplicate conducted screening, eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment using the ROBIS tool. We categorised interventions according to the WHO recommendations, and rated reviews as at high, low or unclear risk of bias. We applied a hierarchical approach to summarising review results. Where overlap existed we report results of high quality reviews and if none existed, by most recent date of publication. We integrated the ROBIS rating with the results to produce a benefit indication. RESULTS We identified 42 systematic reviews from 5,282 records. Almost all eligible reviews were published in English, one in German and one in Portuguese. Most reviews identified only observational studies (74%; 31/42) with no studies from low or lower-middle income (LMIC) countries. Ten reviews were rated as low risk of bias. Methodological deficiencies included publication and language limits, no duplicate assessment, no assessment of study quality, and no integration of quality into result interpretation. We evaluated the following control measures as possibly beneficial: 1) community mobilization; 2) multi-component interventions in the drinking environment; 3) restricting alcohol advertising; 4) restricting on- and off-premise outlet density; 5) police patrols and ignition locks to reduce drink driving; and 6) increased price and taxation including minimum unit pricing. CONCLUSIONS Robust and well-reported research synthesis is deficient in the alcohol control field despite the availability of clear methodological guidance. The lack of primary and synthesis research arising from LMIC should be prioritised globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandi Siegfried
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Charles Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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13
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Foster S, Gmel G, Mohler-Kuo M. Light and heavy drinking in jurisdictions with different alcohol policy environments. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2019; 65:86-96. [PMID: 30711804 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A basic, yet untested tenet underlying alcohol control policies is that they should affect both light and heavy drinking, thereby shifting the entire population in a favourable direction. The aim of this study was to test this assumption in young Swiss men. METHODS Cross-sectional self-reported data - from 5755 young Swiss men participating in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF), a large cohort study on young men living within 21 jurisdictions across Switzerland - were analysed via nested logistic regression. With this approach, a set of increasingly-heavy drinking patterns was broken down into a set of nested regression models, each one estimating the probability of heavier drinking, conditional on the lighter drinking pattern. Drinking patterns relating to heavy episodic drinking (HED), heavy volume drinking (HVD) on weekends, and workweek drinking, as well as alcohol use disorder (AUD) were examined. The explanatory variable was a previously-used alcohol policy environment index (APEI) reflecting the number of alcohol control policies implemented in each jurisdiction. Conventional and multilevel logistic regression models were tested, adjusted for age, education, linguistic region, urban/rural status, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, sensation seeking, antisocial personality disorder, and unobserved heterogeneity between jurisdictions. RESULTS For HED, weekend HVD, and AUD, negative relationships with the APEI were found, such that with a higher APEI the probability of lighter drinking patterns was increased while the probability of heavier patterns was reduced, including a reduced probability of the heaviest patterns. These relationships were non-linear, however, and tapered off towards the heavy end of the drinking spectrum. No relationship was identified between the APEI and workweek drinking patterns. CONCLUSION Among young Swiss men, stricter alcohol policy environments were associated with a global shift towards lighter drinking, consistent with the basic tenet behind the universal prevention approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Foster
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (KJPP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Meichun Mohler-Kuo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (KJPP), University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; La Source, School of Nursing, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Barros FC, Matijasevich A, Santos IS, Horta BL, da Silva BGC, Munhoz TN, Fazel S, Stein A, Pearson RM, Anselmi L, Rohde LA. Social inequalities in mental disorders and substance misuse in young adults : A birth cohort study in Southern Brazil. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:717-726. [PMID: 29721592 PMCID: PMC6003971 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between mental disorders and substance misuse at 30 years of age with gender, socioeconomic position at birth, and family income trajectories. METHODS The 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort was used; all 5914 children born alive at hospital were originally enrolled (99.2% of all city births). In 2012, 3701 subjects were located and interviewed (68% retention rate). Mental disorders and substance misuse were assessed, and their prevalence analysed according to gender, socioeconomic status at birth, and four different income trajectories: always poor, never poor, poor at birth/non-poor at age 30, and non-poor at birth/poor at age 30. RESULTS While women presented higher prevalence of mental disorders, substance misuse was much more frequent among men. Individuals in the lowest income quintile at birth presented 2-5 times more mental disorders and substance misuse than those in the highest quintile. Young adults who were always poor or were not poor at birth but were poor at 30 years of age had a higher prevalence of mental disorders than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS The high rates of mental disorders and lifetime suicide attempts in young adults, especially those who were always poor or became poor after childhood, suggest that recent socioeconomic-related stressful situations may have a higher impact on the current mental health than events earlier in life. However, we could not identify at what specific ages socioeconomic changes were more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Barros
- Post-Graduate Course in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Rua Mal. Deodoro, 1160, 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Iná S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago N Munhoz
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Seena Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca M Pearson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luciana Anselmi
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Barbieri S, Feltracco P, Lucchetta V, Gaudio RM, Tredese A, Bergamini M, Vettore G, Pietrantonio V, Avato FM, Donato D, Boemo DG, Nesoti MV, Snenghi R. A Social Media-Based Acute Alcohol Consumption Behavior (NekNomination): Case Series in Italian Emergency Departments. Interact J Med Res 2018; 7:e2. [PMID: 29386170 PMCID: PMC5812984 DOI: 10.2196/ijmr.6573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NekNomination, also known as NekNominate, Neck and Nominate, or Neck Nomination, is a social network–based drinking game which is thought to have originated in Australia and spread all over the world between 2013 and 2014. Individuals record videos of themselves while rapidly drinking excessive quantities of alcoholic drinks (necking) and then nominate friends to outdo them within 24 hours; the videos are then posted on social media such as Facebook or YouTube. The consequences of this drinking game have been very dangerous; at least 5 people under age 30 years have died after drinking deadly cocktails, and many others have suffered from alcohol intoxication. Objective The goal of the research is to evaluate data about clinically important acute alcohol intoxication among teenagers and young adults and inform and educate the general public, especially parents, teachers, and health workers, about the spreading craze of dangerous Internet-related behavior among today’s teenagers and young people up to the age of 23 years. Methods Patients aged 15 to 23 years with acute alcohol intoxication who came to the emergency department (ED) of 2 major hospitals in Italy from January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2014, were included in this study. Data were retrieved from prehospital and intrahospital medical records and included personal information, methods of intoxication, triage color code, date and time of access to the ED, any relevant signs and symptoms, blood alcohol concentration, and diagnosis at discharge. Results A total of 450 young patients (male 277/450, 61.5%, female 173/450, 38.5%; age 15 to 16 years 15/450, 3.3%, age 17 to 18 years 184/450, 40.9%, age 19 to 23 years 251/450, 55.8%) were recruited. The causes of intoxication were happy hour, binge drinking, NekNominate, eyeballing, other alcoholic games, or a mix of them. Happy hour was found to be more common among the older patients, whereas NekNominate accounted for almost half of the youngest group of hospitalizations. Eyeballing occurred in 1.6% (7/450) of cases; binge drinking and other alcoholic games caused 23.3% (105/450) and 23.8% (107/450) of hospitalizations, respectively. On admission, 44.2% (199/450) of patients were assigned a red or yellow color code requiring immediate medical attention; about 14% of them required additional medical assistance (after being in the ED) or hospitalization, some in semi-intensive care units. Conclusions Our study shows that the increased numbers of hospitalizations due to alcohol intoxication in the adolescent age group, as a consequence of NekNominate or other drinking games, is alarming and represents a serious public health issue. The potential markers of improper use of social networks must be clearly identified, including categories at risk of alcohol abuse, in order to develop intervention and prevention strategies in terms of education and awareness, which may help in averting potentially fatal episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Barbieri
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Preventive Medicine and Risk Assessment, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Feltracco
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lucchetta
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Gaudio
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Tredese
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Bergamini
- Preventive Medicine and Risk Assessment, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianna Vettore
- Department of Urgent and Emergency Care, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniele Donato
- Department of Directional Hospital Management, Padova Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Deris Gianni Boemo
- Department of Directional Hospital Management, Padova Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Snenghi
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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16
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Mété D. [Taxation of traditional rums in French overseas territories and public health: The example of Reunion Island]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2017; 65:443-452. [PMID: 29110959 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND France has a complex system for the taxation of alcoholic beverages. In the French overseas territories (FOT), the system includes little-known specificities whose purpose is to preserve the sugar-cane-rum sector, a pillar for the weak economies in these territories. Taxes are reduced for traditional rums produced and sold locally. This favors the marketing of alcoholic spirits at low prices. In metropolitan France, on the contrary, spirits are heavily taxed drinks and their share in consumption is minor. Reunion Island (RI) is a FOT confronted with significant socioeconomic precariousness and with one of the highest national morbidity and mortality rates associated with alcohol abuse. Spirits account for half of the total consumption of pure alcohol, with a strong predominance for local traditional rums. These products are preferentially consumed by vulnerable subjects, often affected by an alcohol-use disorder. METHODS This study consists of three parts. First, a comparative analysis of alcoholic beverage prices between RI and mainland France. Second, an analysis of the bibliography on the consequences of preferential consumption of spirits. Third, a literature review on the impact of taxation on alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. RESULTS In France, the cheapest gram of pure alcohol is found in the FOT. The preferential consumption of spirits is associated with more frequent and more rapid complications. It is correlated with the level of alcoholic psychoses. Taxation is effective in reducing damage caused by the abuse of alcoholic beverages. The World Health Organization recommends the application of a minimum price for alcohol and tax increases. CONCLUSION The reduced taxation of the traditional rums of the FOT does not take into account public health data. Its purpose is economic. In RI, it contributes to a high level of consumption of spirits and encourages excess mortality through alcohol abuse. It constitutes an inequality of health for these populations. Changes in this tax system is desirable in order to reduce the harm caused by alcohol. It should be closer to the tax system in force in metropolitan France. Alcohol lobbies and lack of political courage have so far inhibited this change to the detriment of the health of the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mété
- Service d'addictologie, CHU Félix-Guyon, route de Bellepierre, 97405 Saint-Denis cedex, La Réunion; Fédération régionale d'addictologie de La Réunion, CHU Félix-Guyon, route de Bellepierre, 97405 Saint-Denis cedex, La Réunion.
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17
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Labhart F, Ferris J, Winstock A, Kuntsche E. The country-level effects of drinking, heavy drinking and drink prices on pre-drinking: An international comparison of 25 countries. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 36:742-750. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Labhart
- Addiction Switzerland Research Institute; Lausanne Switzerland
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Jason Ferris
- Institute for Social Science Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Adam Winstock
- University College London; London UK
- Global Drug Survey Ltd.; London UK
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Addiction Switzerland Research Institute; Lausanne Switzerland
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University; Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest Hungary
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18
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Xuan Z, Babor TF, Naimi TS, Blanchette JG, Chaloupka FJ. Comment on "binge drinking and alcohol prices". HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2016; 6:4. [PMID: 26810944 PMCID: PMC4728163 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-016-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Xuan
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Thomas F Babor
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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19
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Nelson JP. Reply to the critics on "binge drinking and alcohol prices". HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2016; 6:6. [PMID: 26829943 PMCID: PMC4735044 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-016-0084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon P Nelson
- Department of Economics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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20
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Ajilore O, Amialchuk A, Egan K. Alcohol consumption by youth: Peers, parents, or prices? ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2016; 23:76-83. [PMID: 27507725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health, we estimate the effect of peers' alcohol consumption and alcohol prices on the drinking habits of high-school-age youth. We use the two-stage residual inclusion method to account for the endogeneity of peer drinking in nonlinear models. For our sample of high school students, we find that peer effects are statistically and economically significant regarding the choice to participate in drinking but are not significant for the frequency of drinking, including binge drinking. Regarding alcohol prices, even though we have good price variation in our sample, alcohol prices are not found to be significant. The results are important for policymakers who are considering policies to reduce underage drinking, as we conclude that no significant impact on underage drinking will result from low-tax states' increasing excise taxes on alcohol so they are similar to those of high-tax states. Policymakers may choose to focus instead on the influence of peers and changing the social norm behavior.
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21
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Drost RMWA, Paulus ATG, Jander AF, Mercken L, de Vries H, Ruwaard D, Evers SMAA. A Web-Based Computer-Tailored Alcohol Prevention Program for Adolescents: Cost-Effectiveness and Intersectoral Costs and Benefits. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e93. [PMID: 27103154 PMCID: PMC4858595 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preventing excessive alcohol use among adolescents is important not only to foster individual and public health, but also to reduce alcohol-related costs inside and outside the health care sector. Computer tailoring can be both effective and cost-effective for working with many lifestyle behaviors, yet the available information on the cost-effectiveness of computer tailoring for reducing alcohol use by adolescents is limited as is information on the costs and benefits pertaining to sectors outside the health care sector, also known as intersectoral costs and benefits (ICBs). Objective The aim was to assess the cost-effectiveness of a Web-based computer-tailored intervention for reducing alcohol use and binge drinking by adolescents from a health care perspective (excluding ICBs) and from a societal perspective (including ICBs). Methods Data used were from the Alcoholic Alert study, a cluster randomized controlled trial with randomization at the level of schools into two conditions. Participants either played a game with tailored feedback on alcohol awareness after the baseline assessment (intervention condition) or received care as usual (CAU), meaning that they had the opportunity to play the game subsequent to the final measurement (waiting list control condition). Data were recorded at baseline (T0=January/February 2014) and after 4 months (T1=May/June 2014) and were used to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), both from a health care perspective and a societal perspective. Stochastic uncertainty in the data was dealt with by using nonparametric bootstraps (5000 simulated replications). Additional sensitivity analyses were conducted based on excluding cost outliers. Subgroup cost-effectiveness analyses were conducted based on several background variables, including gender, age, educational level, religion, and ethnicity. Results From both the health care perspective and the societal perspective for both outcome measures, the intervention was more costly and more effective in comparison with CAU. ICERs differed for both perspectives, namely €40 and €79 from the health care perspective to €62 and €144 for the societal perspective per incremental reduction of one glass of alcohol per week and one binge drinking occasion per 30 days, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed, from both perspectives and for both outcome measures, that the intervention was cost-effective for older adolescents (aged 17-19 years) and those at a lower educational level and, from a health care perspective, the male and nonreligious adolescent subgroups. Conclusions Computer-tailored feedback could be a cost-effective way to target alcohol use and binge drinking among adolescents. Including ICBs in the economic evaluation had an impact on the cost-effectiveness results of the analysis. It could be worthwhile to aim the intervention specifically at specific subgroups. Trial Registration Nederlands Trial Register: NTR4048; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=4048 (Archived by Webcite at http://www.webcitation.org/6c7omN8wG)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben M W A Drost
- Department of Health Services Research, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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22
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The increasing global health priority of substance use in young people. Lancet Psychiatry 2016; 3:251-64. [PMID: 26905480 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Substance use in young people (aged 10-24 years) might disrupt key periods of transition that occur as the adolescent brain undergoes cognitive and emotional development, and key psychosocial transitions are made. Adolescence is the peak time for initiation of substance use, with tobacco and alcohol usually preceding the use of illicit drugs. Substantial variation is noted between countries in the levels, types, and sequences of substance use in young people, indicating that a young person's use of substances depends on their social context, drug availability, and their personal characteristics. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study suggests that the burden attributable to substance use increases substantially in adolescence and young adulthood. In young men aged 20-24 years, alcohol and illicit substance use are responsible for 14% of total health burden. Alcohol causes most health burden in eastern Europe, and illicit drug burden is higher in the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and western Europe. Large gaps exist in epidemiological data about the extent of drug use worldwide and much of what we know about the natural history of substance use comes from cohort studies in high-income countries undertaken decades ago, which hinders effective global policy responses. In view of the global epidemiological transitions from diseases of poverty to non-communicable diseases, the burden of disease and health risks among adolescents and young adults is likely to change substantially, in ways that will no doubt see substance use playing an increasingly large part.
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23
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Poli A, Visioli F. Moderate alcohol use and health: An update a Consensus Document. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20150504001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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