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Benevenia R, Lelli D, Moreno A, Lavazza A, Kapri-Pardes E, Klement E, Golender N, Gleser D, Corsa M, Castelli A, Pezzoni G. Development of two competitive ELISAs based on monoclonal antibodies for the serological detection of Bovine ephemeral fever virus. J Virol Methods 2024; 329:115009. [PMID: 39142521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is a member of the genus Ephemerovirus in the family Rhabdoviridae. It is an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by many species of midges and mosquitoes. It can cause severe economic consequences due to losses in milk production and the general condition of cattle and water buffalo. BEF occurs in some tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of Africa, Australia, the Middle East and Asia with seasonal outbreaks, but its possible spread to other areas (e.g. Europe) cannot be excluded. Therefore, using and developing rapid diagnostic methods with optimal performance is essential for identifying emerging pathogens and their control. In the present study, we developed two competitive serological ELISAs based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), designed by using BEFV inactivated antigen and the BEF recombinant nucleoprotein (N), respectively. A panel of 77 BEF-positive and 338 BEF-negative sera was used to evaluate the two tests. With a diagnostic sensitivity of 97.4 % using the inactivated virus and 98.7 % using the recombinant N, and a diagnostic specificity of 100 % using both antigens, our results suggest that these tests are suitable for the serological diagnosis of BEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Benevenia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia 25124, Italy.
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Ana Moreno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Einat Kapri-Pardes
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl 229, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl 229, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Natalia Golender
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl 229, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Division of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Dan Gleser
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl 229, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Manuel Corsa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Anna Castelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Giulia Pezzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia 25124, Italy.
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2
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Song Y, Ma B, Li J, Shuai J, Zhang M. Multiplex reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow biosensor for simultaneous detection of three viral pathogens in cattle. Talanta 2024; 281:126775. [PMID: 39226697 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine epidemic fever virus (BEFV), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) cause respiratory symptoms in cattle. The absence of rapid, precise, and easily accessible diagnostic methods poses difficulties for herders and veterinary epidemiologists during outbreaks of major infectious animal diseases. Considering the mixed infection of viruses, a multiple-detection method, reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (mRT-RPA) combined with a lateral flow biosensor (LFB), was established to simultaneously detect the three pathogens. This technique is based on the specific binding of three differently labeled RT-RPA products (DNA sequences) to antibodies on the three test lines of the LFB, achieving multiplex detection through the presence or absence of coloration on the LFB test lines. The fluorescence values of the LFB test lines are recorded by a test strip reader. The mRT-RPA-LFB assay completes detection at a constant temperature of 41 °C within 33 min. The limits of detection (LODs) for BVDV, BEFV and BRSV were 2.62 × 101, 2.42 × 101 and 2.56 × 101 copies/μL, respectively. No cross-reactivity was observed with the other six bovine viruses. The developed method showed satisfactory intra- and inter-assay precision, and the average coefficients of variation were ranged from 2.92 % to 3.99 %. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 98.11 % and 100 %, respectively, which were highly consistent with the RT-qPCR assay, and the kappa value was 0.988 (95 % confidence interval, CI). In general, the mRT-RPA-LFB assay has the potential to become a powerful tool for rapid screening of cattle diseases because of its advantages such as fast detection speed, convenient operation, strong specificity, and high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Biao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jiali Li
- Hangzhou Quickgene Sci-Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jiangbing Shuai
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Mingzhou Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Golender N, Hoffmann B, Kenigswald G, Scheinin S, Kedmi M, Gleser D, Klement E. Bovine Ephemeral Fever Viruses in Israel 2014-2023: Genetic Characterization of Local and Emerging Strains. Pathogens 2024; 13:636. [PMID: 39204237 PMCID: PMC11357334 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease, which frequently causes significant epizootics in susceptible water buffalo and cattle in Africa, Australia, Asia and the Middle East. In the current study, a two-stage protocol for BEFV viral isolation was developed. Data on the clinical signs, geographic distribution and phylogenetic analysis of BEFV strains isolated in Israel in 2015, 2018, 2021 and 2023 were summarized. It was found that during 2015-2021, all BEF outbreaks were caused by local BEFV strains, whereas the epizootic of BEFV in 2023 was caused by a new "Mayotte-like" BEFV strain. A comparison of bluetongue (BT) and BEF outbreaks during 2023 in Israel demonstrated that the incidence of BEFV was 2.21 times higher and its pathogenicity was more serious for the cattle population compared to that caused by BTVs. A phylogenetic analysis of Israeli and global BEFV revealed the emergence of non-local strains in new areas. This finding suggests that BEFV can no longer be classified based only upon geographic distribution. Considering a phylogenetic, genetic and proteomic analysis of all available BEFV strains, we suggest classifying them as a single serotype, which includes four lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Golender
- Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 5025001, Israel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (D.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Gabriel Kenigswald
- Hachaklait Veterinary Services, Caesarea 3088900, Israel; (G.K.); (S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Shani Scheinin
- Hachaklait Veterinary Services, Caesarea 3088900, Israel; (G.K.); (S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Maor Kedmi
- Hachaklait Veterinary Services, Caesarea 3088900, Israel; (G.K.); (S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Dan Gleser
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (D.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel; (D.G.); (E.K.)
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Morgenstern M, Sok J, Klement E. Would you bet on the vet? Influences on dairy farmers' vaccination choices, with a spotlight on the Veterinarian impact. Prev Vet Med 2024; 230:106262. [PMID: 38991428 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Ensuring effective vaccination is crucial for epidemic control, particularly in voluntary vaccination scenarios. Though highly important for planning voluntary vaccination programs, we lack insights into the effectiveness of veterinarian communication and the impact of disease-specific traits on farmer vaccination intentions. To fill this void, our study compared five diseases affecting Israeli dairy cattle (Botulism, Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF), Brucellosis, Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), and Rabies). Using questionnaires grounded in the theory of planned behavior, we surveyed 340 Israeli dairy farmers to understand their vaccination intentions for each disease.Simultaneously, veterinarians overseeing these farms provided insights into their opinions and perceived influence on vaccination decisions. Results revealed varying levels of farmer vaccination intention, with Botulism showing the highest and BEF the lowest. Social pressure significantly influenced farmers' vaccination intentions, with distinct patterns across diseases. Veterinarian opinions had the highest influence only for LSD, while other factors played crucial roles in different diseases. Intriguingly, there was no correlation between veterinarians' recommendations and farmers' perceptions of these recommendations. In conclusion, the optimization of voluntary vaccination programs necessitates tailoring interventions to the unique characteristics of each disease. Additionally, improving communication between veterinarians and farmers is essential, with an emphasis on effective risk communication training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Morgenstern
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Jaap Sok
- Business Economics, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Davoudi Y, Nouri M, Haji Hajikolaei MR, Yazdani Paraei S, Javadi A, Esmaeilzadeh S. An outbreak of Akabane disease in a cattle herd on the Mughan plain, Iran. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2024; 15:303-308. [PMID: 39035479 PMCID: PMC11260222 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2024.2012333.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In November 2021, an investigation was conducted into an outbreak of abortion, stillbirth, and the birth of calves with congenital abnormalities (arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly) at a dairy farm in Dasht-e-Mughan city, Ardabil province. A total of 70 cows experienced these issues. To determine the cause of the outbreak, post-mortem brain tissue samples were collected from two calves affected by hydranencephaly, which occurred shortly after their birth. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was conducted for multiple viruses, including bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), border disease, Akabane, Schmallenberg, and bluetongue viruses (BTVs). The samples were positive only for Akabane virus. Serum samples were collected from a group of 60 cattle, consisting of 45 adult cows and 15 younger calves aged between 8 to 10 months. These samples were analyzed to detect the presence of antibodies against the Akabane and Schmallenberg viruses. Both of these viruses are known to be responsible for causing abortion, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities in calves. Among 45 cows that tested by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), 26.66% and 33.33% exhibited antibodies against Akabane and Schmallenberg viruses, respectively. Notably, 20.00% of cows co-exhibited antibodies for both viruses. Despite PCR evidence implicating Akabane virus as the principal etiology of clinical signs observed in the affected herd, the high co-seropositivity to Schmallenberg virus, warrants a thorough investigation into potential viral interactions. Further research is required to determine the source of the virus and their transmission routes. This information could facilitate the refinement of disease control strategies and improving the management of reproductive challenges in such affected herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Davoudi
- Department of Veterinary, Sarab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran;
| | | | - Shobeir Yazdani Paraei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran;
| | - Amir Javadi
- Health Deputy of General Department of Veterinary Medicine in Qazvin Province, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Saleh Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran;
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Nadeem S, Aslam R, Sajjad-ur-Rahman, Khan MK. Risk analysis and seroprevalence of bovine ephemeral fever virus in Punjab, Pakistan. VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:67-76. [PMID: 38623155 PMCID: PMC11016300 DOI: 10.17221/95/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is a vector-borne viral disease caused by the RNA virus which belongs to the genus Ephemerovirus and the family Rhabdoviridae. To evaluate the effect of the risk factors like the breed of cattle and buffaloes, age, sex, lactation, housing and region on the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) prevalence, ELISA and virus neutralisation (VN) tests (n = 600) were performed for the BEFV prevalence. The seroprevalence in cattle was 45.6% and 42% by ELISA and VN, respectively (P = 0.001). The breed-wise seropositive ratio was (55-64%) in cattle and (22.5-18.3%) in buffaloes by VN and ELISA. The sex-wise prevalence was (40-49.4%) in females and (35.8-46%) in males by VN and ELISA in cattle and a similar prevalence was reported in buffaloes. The age-wise prevalence in bovines by ELISA was 5.33, 22.66 and 17.66% in the age group < 1 year, 1-3 years and > 3 years, respectively. The disease prevalence was higher in the age group of 1-3 years. The prevalence was higher during the 3rd lactation in bovines. The region-wise prevalence was higher in the 07 districts while lower (18-21%) in Rawalpindi District by VN and ELISA, respectively (P = 0.001). Commercial dairy farms of cattle showed a higher disease prevalence (52% and 44%) than non-commercial farms (38% and 36%) by ELISA and VN, respectively (P = 0.227). Exotic cows showed higher disease prevalence (76.67% and 70%) by ELISA and VN. The mortality in bovines was 5% (7.7% and 2.3%) in the cattle and buffaloes. The case fatality of BEFV in bovines was 12.25%. There was a significant effect of the risk factors like the breed, age, sex, lactation, housing and region on the BEFV prevalence. This is the first comprehensive study of BEFV in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Nadeem
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad-ur-Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kasib Khan
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Dawah HA, Abdullah MA, Ahmad SK, Turner J, Azari-Hamidian S. An overview of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Culicidae), with updated keys to the adult females. Zootaxa 2023; 5394:1-76. [PMID: 38220993 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5394.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite the fact that mosquito-borne infections have considerable consequences for public health in Saudi Arabia, there is neither a thorough review of the species that occur in the country nor updated keys for the identification of the adult females. In this study, species accounts are given for 49 Saudi Arabian mosquito species, as well as Aedes albopictus (Skuse), which is not recorded in Saudi Arabia, but is medically important and is found in some countries of the Middle East and North Africa. Taxonomic notes provide additional information for certain taxa and/or aid their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Dawah
- Centre for Environmental Research and Studies; Jazan University; P.O. Box 2095; Jazan; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Abdullah
- Department of Biology; College of Science; King Khalid University; PO Box 9004; Abha-61413; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Kamran Ahmad
- Department of Plant Protection; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh; India.
| | - James Turner
- National Museum of Wales; Department of Natural Sciences; Entomology Section; Cardiff; CF10 3NP; UK.
| | - Shahyad Azari-Hamidian
- Research Center of Health and Environment; School of Health; Guilan University of Medical Sciences; Rasht; Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology; Mycology and Entomology; School of Medicine; Guilan University of Medical Sciences; Rasht; Iran.
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Lavon Y, Ezra E, Friedgut O, Behar A. Economic Aspects of Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) Outbreaks in Dairy Cattle Herds. Vet Sci 2023; 10:645. [PMID: 37999468 PMCID: PMC10674311 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by blood-feeding insects (mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges). While the dispersal of arboviral diseases such as bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) into naive areas is often the result of globalization and animal movement, the endemization and local outbreaks of these diseases are mainly influenced by environmental changes. Climate change affects the activity, distribution, dynamics, and life cycles of these vectors (arthropods), the replication of viruses within their vectors, and weakens animal's immune systems. Although BEF does not currently occur in the Americas and Europe (other than in the western regions of Turkey), the risk of BEFV emergence, spread, and endemization in Europe is real. Over the past two decades, arboviruses such as the bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) have emerged in Europe without warning and caused significant losses to the dairy and meat industries. Since the European cattle population has never been exposed to BEFV, the economic losses to dairy and beef production in this continent due to the reduction in milk production, loss of valuable cows, and abortion, should BEF emerge, would probably be considerable. Moreover, arboviruses can also cause substantial financial damage due to restrictions on animal trade and transportation, like the current EHDV-8 outbreak in the Mediterranean basin. In this study, we used national data stored in the Israeli herd book to examine the economic aspects of BEF outbreaks in affected dairy cattle farms countrywide. Our results demonstrate that BEF outbreaks can have immediate and delayed effects, causing severe economic losses due to culling (loss of valuable cows) and a reduction in milk production that affects dairy farm income for months after clinical diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first extensive study on the impact of a BEF outbreak at a population level, enabling to conduct accurate risk assessments in future cases of BEFV emergence and re-emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Lavon
- Israel Cattle Breeders Association, Caesarea 38900, Israel; (Y.L.); (E.E.)
| | - Ephraim Ezra
- Israel Cattle Breeders Association, Caesarea 38900, Israel; (Y.L.); (E.E.)
| | - Orly Friedgut
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel;
| | - Adi Behar
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel;
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Golender N, Klement E, Ofer L, Hoffmann B, Wernike K, Beer M, Pfaff F. Hefer valley virus: a novel ephemerovirus detected in the blood of a cow with severe clinical signs in Israel in 2022. Arch Virol 2023; 168:234. [PMID: 37608200 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel ephemerovirus was identified in a Holstein-Friesian cow in the Hefer Valley, Israel, that showed severe and fatal clinical signs resembling an arboviral infection. A sample taken during the acute phase tested negative for important endemic arboviral infectious cattle diseases. However, sequencing from blood revealed the full genome sequence of Hefer Valley virus, which is likely to represent a new species within the genus Ephemerovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. Archived samples from cattle with comparable clinical signs collected in Israel in 2021 and 2022 tested negative for the novel virus, and therefore, the actual distribution of the virus is unknown. As this is a recently identified new viral infection, the viral vector and the prevalence of the virus in the cattle population are still unknown but will be the subject of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Golender
- Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel.
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Ofer
- Hachaklait veterinary services, Caesarea, Israel
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
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Gleser D, Spinner K, Klement E. Effectiveness of the strain 919 bovine ephemeral fever virus vaccine in the face of a real-world outbreak: A field study in Israeli dairy herds. Vaccine 2023; 41:5126-5133. [PMID: 37451879 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is a globally spread arthropod-borne RNA virus that has significant economic impacts on the cattle industry. A live attenuated commercial BEF vaccine, based on the Australian BEFV strain 919, is widely used in Israel and other countries. A previous study has suggested the high effectiveness of this vaccine (ULTRAVAC BEF VACCINE™ from Zoetis®), but anecdotal reports of high BEF morbidity among vaccinated dairy herds in Israel casted doubt on these findings. To resolve this uncertainty, a randomized controlled field vaccine effectiveness study was conducted in Israel during a BEF outbreak which occurred in 2021. Eleven dairy herds were enrolled and monitored for BEF-associated morbidity and rumination alteration patterns using electronic monitoring tags (HR Tags, SCR® Dairy, Netanya, Israel). Four of the herds were naturally infected with BEFV during the outbreak, resulting in a total of 120 vaccinated and 311 unvaccinated subjects that were included in the effectiveness study. A mixed-effect Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to calculate the overall hazard ratio between vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle. This analysis demonstrated an average vaccine effectiveness of 60 % (95 % CI = 38 %-77 %) for preventing clinical disease. In addition, a non-statistically significant trend (p = 0.1) towards protection from mortality was observed, with no observation of mortality among the vaccinated groups compared to 2.61 % mortality (7/311) among the unvaccinated subjects. One hundred and thirty vaccinated and unvaccinated calves from affected and non-affected herds and with different status of morbidity were sampled and analysed by serum-neutralization test. The highest titers of BEFV-neutralizing antibodies were found in subjects that were both vaccinated and clinically affected, indicating a booster effect after vaccination. The results of the study provide evidence for the moderate effectiveness of the ULTRAVAC BEF VACCINE™ for the prevention of BEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gleser
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Karen Spinner
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Bakhshesh M, Mollazadeh S, Almasi S, Azadi N. Whole genome characterization and evolutionary analysis of bovine ephemeral fever virus isolated in Iran. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:196. [PMID: 37061640 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an economically important arthropod-borne virus of cattle and water buffaloes which is enzootic in Africa, Australia, and Asia. We characterized the entire length of BEFV BA/RZ/IR strain genome isolated in Iran and compared to the all BEFV full genomes available in the GenBank. The BEFV genomes were phylogenetically classified as 4 lineages including the Middle Eastern, East Asian, Australian, and South African lineages. The Iranian BA/RZ/IR strain, which displayed maximum sequence identity (96.72%) to the Chinese JT02L strain was clustered as a separate branch in the East Asian lineage of the virus. Using Shannon entropy analysis, amino acid variations were detected in the all proteins encoded by BEFV genomes. Particularly, the polymerase L and the accessory proteins Gns, α2 and β exhibited the highest amino acid variations suggesting their significance in the viral replication efficiency. Our bioinformatics analyses also predict the occurrence of recombination event within the East Asian lineage of BEFV genomes. Our data show that the Chinese Henan 1 may be a hybrid strain constructed of the Chinese JT02L and Iranian BA/RZ/IR BEFV strains as the major and minor parents, respectively. These computational analyses suggest that the homologous recombination may be an evolutionary mechanism for BEFV as a member of the Rhabdoviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Bakhshesh
- Department of Animal Virology, Research and Diagnosis, Agricultural Research, Education and Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, P.O. Box: 31975/148, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Shima Mollazadeh
- Department of Animal Virology, Research and Diagnosis, Agricultural Research, Education and Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, P.O. Box: 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Almasi
- Department of Animal Virology, Research and Diagnosis, Agricultural Research, Education and Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, P.O. Box: 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nader Azadi
- Veterinary Clinic, Shariati Street, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Otomaru K, Miyahara T, Saita H, Usa A, Ijiri M. Evaluation of antibody response to inactivated bovine ephemeral fever virus vaccine for Japanese Black calves in the field. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13904. [PMID: 38100635 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibody response to the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) vaccine in Japanese Black calves. Twenty-eight Japanese Black calves, which were raised on an ordinal farm, were divided into two groups. Fifteen calves received the inactivated BEFV vaccine at 12 and 16 weeks of age (vaccination group), and 13 calves did not receive the vaccine (non-vaccination group). Blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 weeks of age. As the results, in the vaccination group, the antibody titers at 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 weeks of age were significantly higher than those at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age (p < 0.01). Additionally, antibody titer in the vaccination group increased after 16 weeks of age and showed a significantly higher level than that in the non-vaccination group throughout the remaining experimental period (p < 0.01). These results might be helpful in establishing a vaccination program against BEFV in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konosuke Otomaru
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Miyahara
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroto Saita
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Amane Usa
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Moe Ijiri
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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13
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Vector-Borne Diseases in Ruminants. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2463-0_1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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14
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Chen J, Liu M, Li Y, Yang L, Tang Y, Dan R, Xie M, Fang R, Li N, Ye C, Peng Y. Emergence and genomic analysis of a novel sublineage of bovine ephemeral fever virus in Southwest China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1161287. [PMID: 37032890 PMCID: PMC10073494 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1161287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), belonging to the genus Ephemerovirus under the family Rhabdoviridae, is the etiological cause for the bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) in cattle and water buffalo. Methods In this study, we report recent BEF outbreaks in Southwest China and sequence the complete genome sequence of one BEFV isolate BEFV/CQ1/2022. Results and Discussion Comparative genomic analyses between BEFV/CQ1/2022 and isolates available in GenBank revealed remarkable inter-isolate divergence. Meanwhile, the sequence divergence was related to the evolutionary relationships and geographical distribution of the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the global BEFV isolates can be divided into 4 distinct lineages. The East Asia lineage was the most diverse and could be subdivided into 4 sublineages. Notably, BEFV/CQ1/2022 and other 10 recent isolates from Mainland China were found to be clustered in sublineage 2. Additionally, recombination analysis provided evidence of BEFV recombination among East Asian isolates for the first time. Taken together, a novel sublineage of the East Asian BEFV emerged in Southwest China, and large divergence and potential recombination among BEFV strains were investigated in this study, which may improve understanding of BEFV epidemiology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Ye
- *Correspondence: Yuanyi Peng, ; Chao Ye,
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15
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Pyasi S, Jonniya NA, Sk MF, Nayak D, Kar P. Finding potential inhibitors against RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV): an in- silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10403-10421. [PMID: 34238122 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1946714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an enzootic agent that affects millions of bovines and causes major economic losses. Though the virus is seasonally reported with a very high morbidity rate (80-100%) from African, Australian, and Asiatic continents, it remains a neglected pathogen in many of its endemic areas, with no proper therapeutic drugs or vaccines presently available for treatment. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) catalyzes the viral RNA synthesis and is an appropriate candidate for antiviral drug developments. We utilized integrated computational tools to build the 3D model of BEFV-RdRp and then predicted its probable active binding sites. The virtual screening and optimization against these active sites, using several small-molecule inhibitors from a different category of Life Chemical database and FDA-approved drugs from the ZINC database, was performed. We found nine molecules that have docking scores varying between -6.84 to -10.43 kcal/mol. Furthermore, these complexes were analyzed for their conformational dynamics and thermodynamic stability using molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with the molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) scheme. The binding free energy calculations depict that the electrostatic interactions play a dominant role in the RdRp-inhibitor binding. The hot spot residues, such as Arg565, Asp631, Glu633, Asp740, and Glu707, were found to control the RdRp-inhibitor interaction. The ADMET analysis strongly suggests favorable pharmacokinetics of these compounds that may prove useful for treating the BEFV ailment. Overall, we anticipate that these findings would help explore and develop a wide range of anti-BEFV therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Pyasi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Amarnath Jonniya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Md Fulbabu Sk
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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16
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Tangudu CS, Hargett AM, Laredo-Tiscareño SV, Smith RC, Blitvich BJ. Isolation of a novel rhabdovirus and detection of multiple novel viral sequences in Culex species mosquitoes in the United States. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2577-2590. [PMID: 36056958 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To increase our understanding of the diversity of the mosquito virome, 6956 mosquitoes of five species (Culex erraticus, Culex pipiens, Culex restuans, Culex tarsalis, and Culex territans) collected in Iowa in the United States in 2017 and 2020 were assayed for novel viruses by performing polyethylene glycol precipitation, virus isolation in cell culture, and unbiased high-throughput sequencing. A novel virus, provisionally named "Walnut Creek virus", was isolated from Cx. tarsalis, and its genomic sequence and organization are characteristic of viruses in the genus Hapavirus (family Rhabdoviridae). Replication of Walnut Creek virus occurred in avian, mammalian, and mosquito, but not tick, cell lines. A novel virus was also isolated from Cx. restuans, and partial genome sequencing revealed that it is distantly related to an unclassified virus of the genus Phytoreovirus (family Sedoreoviridae). Two recognized viruses were also isolated: Culex Y virus (family Birnaviridae) and Houston virus (family Mesoniviridae). We also identified sequences of eight novel viruses from six families (Amalgaviridae, Birnaviridae, Partitiviridae, Sedoreoviridae, Tombusviridae, and Totiviridae), two viruses that do not belong to any established families, and many previously recognized viruses. In summary, we provide evidence of multiple novel and recognized viruses in Culex spp. mosquitoes in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Tangudu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Alissa M Hargett
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - S Viridiana Laredo-Tiscareño
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ryan C Smith
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Bradley J Blitvich
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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17
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Development and validation of a DIVA ELISA for differentiating BEFV infected from vaccinated animals. J Virol Methods 2022; 310:114625. [PMID: 36167229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inactivated vaccine is considered safe and used for prevention of bovine ephemeral fever in several endemic countries. To differentiate between BEFV-infected and vaccinated animals, we developed an ELISA capable of detecting infection-related antibodies against BEFV. Recombinant proteins, including N, P, M, L, GNS, α2, β and γ, were expressed in E. coli and screened by Western blotting and ELISA. The results showed GNS, α2 and β specifically reacted with sera from BEFV infected cattle but not sera from vaccinated cattle. A DIVA ELISA based on a C-terminal truncated form of GNS was developed, with 100% sensitivity and 98.0% specificity at a sample to positive-control optical density ratio (S/P) threshold of 0.18. Specificity analysis showed that the assay has no cross-reactivity with antisera of other common bovine viruses. Anti-GNS antibody appears at 3-4 days post infection (dpi) and persists up to 240-300 dpi in the experimentally infected cattle. Sero-epidemiological survey using sera collected from vaccinated cattle in an endemic area in Jiangsu Province revealed sero-positive rate of 2.36% (6/254), indicating that the DIVA ELISA could be used as a reliable diagnostic tool for differentiating BEFV infected from vaccinated animals.
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18
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Tzeng H, Tsai C, Ting L, Liao K, Tu W. Molecular epidemiology of Akabane virus in Taiwan. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2215-2222. [PMID: 35971895 PMCID: PMC9514474 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Akabane virus (AKAV) is a teratogenic and neuropathogenic arbovirus that infects livestock and wild animals. AKAVs are endemic arboviruses from dairy farms in Taiwan in 1989, and the first sequence was detected in cattle with nonsuppurative encephalitis in 1992. Objectives This study aims to understand the epidemiological relationships of the akabane viruses between Taiwan and nearby places. Methods In this study, 17 specimens were identified or isolated from vector insects, and ruminant fetuses collected from 1992 to 2015 were sequenced and analysed. Results Sequence analyses revealed all Taiwanese AKAVs belonged to genogroup Ia but diverged into two clusters in the phylogenetic trees, implying that at least two invasive events of AKAV may have occurred in Taiwan. Conclusions The two clusters of AKAVs could still be identified in Taiwan in 2015, and a reassortment event was observed, indicating that the two clusters of AKAVs are already endemic in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau‐You Tzeng
- Department of Entomology National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Lung Tsai
- Department of Entomology National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan
| | - Lu‐Jen Ting
- Council of Agriculture National Institute for Animal Health New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Kuei‐Min Liao
- Department of Entomology National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
- National Mosquito‐Borne Diseases Control Research Center National Health Research Institutes Kaohsiung City Taiwan
| | - Wu‐Chun Tu
- Department of Entomology National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
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19
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Clarke LL, Mead DG, Ruder MG, Howerth EW, Stallknecht D. North American Arboviruses and White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus): Associated Diseases and Role in Transmission. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2022; 22:425-442. [PMID: 35867036 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Arboviral disease is of increasing concern to human and animal health professionals as emerging and re-emerging arboviruses are more frequently recognized. Wildlife species are known to play a role in the transmission and maintenance of arboviruses and infections can result in morbidity and mortality in wildlife hosts. Materials and Methods: In this review, we detail existing evidence of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as an important host to a diverse collection of arboviruses and evaluate the utility of this species as a resource to better understand the epidemiology of related viral diseases. Results: Relevant veterinary and zoonotic viral pathogens endemic to North America include epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, bluetongue virus, orthobunyaviruses, vesicular stomatitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and Powassan virus. Exotic viral pathogens that may infect white-tailed deer are also identified with an emphasis on zoonotic disease risks. The utility of this species is attributed to the high degree of contact with humans and domestic livestock and evidence of preferential feeding by various insect vectors. Conclusions: There is mounting evidence that white-tailed deer are a useful, widely available source of information regarding arboviral circulation, and that surveillance and monitoring of deer populations would be of value to the understanding of certain viral transmission dynamics, with implications for improving human and domestic animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorelei L Clarke
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel G Mead
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark G Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - David Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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20
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Wu Q, Yang Z, Lu Z, Mi S, Feng Y, He B, Zhu G, Gong W, Tu C. Identification of two novel ephemeroviruses in pigs infected by classical swine fever virus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 100:105273. [PMID: 35321840 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ephemeroviruses are arthropod-borne rhabdoviruses within Ephemerovirus genus and have been isolated exclusively from cattle and haematophagous arthropods (mosquitoes and biting midges) without any member detected or isolated up to date from pigs, although some serological surveys have indicated that pigs may be a silent host for ephemerovirus infection. Here, many viral reads annotated to, but genetically distinct from, the existing members within the Ephemerovirus genus have been identified in the meta-transcriptomic data of two clinical classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-infected samples (HeN10 and GDMM7). The nearly complete genome sequences of the two novel ephemeroviruses have been obtained through contig assembly, specific RT-PCR and sequencing, therefore named as porcine ephemeroviruses (PoEVs). Genome nucleotide sequence analysis showed that PoEV strains HeN10 and GDMM7 have similar genome organization and 66.5% genomic identity to each other, but both are genetically distant from all members of the Ephemerovirus genus with identity being only 51.1-59.6%. Furthermore, comparison of the most conserved ephemeroviral proteins N and L indicated that PoEV strains HeN10 and GDMM7 share a high sequence identity to each other (N: 78.1%; L: 70.7%), but are diverged from the known ephemeroviruses (N: 43.4-60.7%; L: 47.6-58.5%). The genetic distance is significantly beyond the criteria for demarcation of viruses assigned to different ephemerovirus species. Thereby, two novel viruses named as PoEV1 (strain HeN10) and PoEV2 (strain GDMM7) are identified and these appear to represent two new species within the Ephemerovirus genus. The present study showed the first genome evidence of pig ephemeroviruses, likely expanding the known host range of ephemerovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; State Key Laboratory of Human and Animal Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; State Key Laboratory of Human and Animal Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zongji Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Shijiang Mi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; State Key Laboratory of Human and Animal Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Biao He
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Human and Animal Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Changchun Tu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; State Key Laboratory of Human and Animal Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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21
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Vector-Borne Viral Diseases as a Current Threat for Human and Animal Health—One Health Perspective. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113026. [PMID: 35683413 PMCID: PMC9181581 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, an increase in the emergence or re-emergence of arthropod-borne viruses has been observed in many regions. Viruses such as dengue, yellow fever, or zika are a threat for millions of people on different continents. On the other hand, some arboviruses are still described as endemic, however, they could become more important in the near future. Additionally, there is a group of arboviruses that, although important for animal breeding, are not a direct threat for human health. Those include, e.g., Schmallenberg, bluetongue, or African swine fever viruses. This review focuses on arboviruses and their major vectors: mosquitoes, ticks, biting midges, and sandflies. We discuss the current knowledge on arbovirus transmission, ecology, and methods of prevention. As arboviruses are a challenge to both human and animal health, successful prevention and control are therefore only possible through a One Health perspective.
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Behar A, Friedgut O, Rotenberg D, Zalesky O, Izhaki O, Yulzary A, Rot A, Wolkomirsky R, Zamir L, Hmd F, Brenner J. Insights on Transmission, Spread, and Possible Endemization of Selected Arboviruses in Israel—Interim Results from Five-Year Surveillance. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020065. [PMID: 35202318 PMCID: PMC8878003 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses that infect livestock impact the health and welfare of domestic and wild animals are often responsible for significant economic losses in livestock production. Surveillance and early warning systems effectively predict the emergence and re-emergence of arboviral disease. This paper presents the interim results of five years monitoring the exposure of sentinel naïve heifers and Culicoides biting midges (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) to bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), Simbu serogroup viruses, bluetongue viruses (BTV), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (EHDV). The data were collected from 11 dairy farms situated within eight different geographical regions in Israel. The results indicate that cattle in Israel are affected by all four viruses from the early summer onward. The investigated viruses exhibit unique site-specific profiles in both ruminants and vectors. The potential of several vectors to transmit these viruses and lack of cross-protection to re-infection with multiple serotypes (BTV and EHDV) or species (Simbu serogroup viruses) highlights some likely mechanisms that may play a role in these viruses’ maintenance cycle and possible endemization in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Behar
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Orly Friedgut
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Ditza Rotenberg
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Olga Zalesky
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Omer Izhaki
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Amit Yulzary
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Asael Rot
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
| | | | - Lior Zamir
- Veterinary Field Services, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (F.H.)
| | - Faris Hmd
- Veterinary Field Services, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (F.H.)
| | - Jacob Brenner
- Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; (O.F.); (D.R.); (O.Z.); (O.I.); (A.Y.); (A.R.); (J.B.)
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Rezatofighi SE, Mirzadeh K, Mahmoodi F. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of bovine ephemeral fever viruses in Khuzestan province of Iran in 2018 and 2020. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:19. [PMID: 34991561 PMCID: PMC8734343 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by the BEF virus (BEFV). This single-stranded RNA virus that affects cattle and water buffalo is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions including Iran. While BEF is a major disease of cattle in Iran, information regarding its agent, molecular characterization, and circulating viruses are highly limited. The current study aimed to, firstly, determine the genetic and antigenic characteristics of BEFV strains in Khuzestan province in Southwest of Iran in 2018 and 2020 and, secondly, to compare them with strains obtained from other areas. RESULTS By phylogenetic analysis based on the Glycoprotein gene, BEFV strains were divided into four clusters of Middle East, East Asia, South Africa, and Australia; in which the 2018 and 2020 Iranian BEFV strains were grouped in the Middle East cluster with the Turkish, Indian, and Israeli strains. Depending on the chronology and geographical area, the outbreaks of Turkey (2020), Iran (2018 and 2020), and India (2018 and 2019) are proposed to be related. These BEFVs had the highest identity matrix and the lowest evolutionary distance among the studied strains. Multiple sequence alignment of G1, G2, and G3 antigenic sites showed that these neutralizing epitopes are highly conserved among the strains of the Middle East cluster; however, the strains previously identified in Iran differed in three amino acids placed in G1 and G2 epitopes. CONCLUSION The findings revealed that BEFVs circulating in the Middle East are closely related phylogenetically and geographically. They also have similar antigenic structures; therefore, developing a vaccine based on these strains can be effective for controlling BEF in the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi
- Biology department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, 6135743135, Iran.
| | - Khalil Mirzadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Mahmoodi
- Biology department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, 6135743135, Iran
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Mollazadeh S, Bakhshesh M, Keyvanfar H, Nikbakht Brujeni G. Identification of Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) Epitope and design of an immunogenic multi-epitope of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus (BEFV) Glycoprotein G for Vaccine Development. Res Vet Sci 2022; 144:18-26. [PMID: 35033847 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), a vector-borne disease of cattle and water buffalo, is enzootic in tropical and subtropical zones of Asia, Australia, and Africa. Since cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses may play a key role in the control of bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) infection, it is important to identify and characterize the CTL target epitopes of BEFV antigens. The current study has been designed to identify and characterize the potential CTL epitopes using the Immuno-informatics tools, and it helped find the potent vaccine candidates against BEF. Antigenicity, toxicity, allergenicity, and immunogenicity testing of predicted CTL epitopes was done. Total four CTL epitopes for BEFV G protein, have been identified as potential epitopes. Prediction of the 3D structure of multi-epitope (final structure) was performed using I-TASSER server. Model 1 was selected as the best model with C-Score: -3.71. The modeled G protein structure and multi-epitope structure were validated by the Ramachandran plots Prosa and Verify 3D server. Epitopic regions of 3D protein structure were identified by Chimera UCSF software. Physicochemical properties of the Multi epitope were evaluated using ProtParam server. This is the first report of CTL epitope in the G protein of BEFV. In this manner, they would play an important role in evoking the immune response as well as vaccine development. However, in vitro and in vivo experimental studies are required for suggested epitopes verification. The multi-epitope was designed from regions of the G protein sequence that lacked mutation and genomic diversity. Therefore, it can be introduced as a protein vaccine from all strains of BEFV as a vaccine candidate for design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mollazadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Bakhshesh
- Department of Animal Virology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hadi Keyvanfar
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Nikbakht Brujeni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Agnihotri K, Oakey J, Smith C, Weir R, Pyke A, Melville L. Genome-scale molecular and phylogenetic characterization of Middle Point orbiviruses from Australia. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34870577 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle Point orbivirus (MPOV) is an Australian arbovirus, belongs to the Yunnan orbivirus species found in China. First detected and reported from Beatrice Hill, Northern Territory (NT), MPOV has to date, only been exclusively reported from the NT, Australia. Whilst genetic characterization of MPOV has been previously described, only restricted to sequence information for segments 2 and 3 coding core protein VP2 and outer capsid protein VP3, respectively. This study presents for the first time nearly full-length genome sequences of MPOV, which represent 24 isolates collected over a span of more than 20 years from 1997 to 2018. Whilst the majority of isolates were sampled at Beatrice Hill, NT where MPOV is most frequently isolated, this report also describes the first two isolations of MPOV from Queensland (QLD), Australia. One of which is the first non-bovine isolate obtained from the mosquito vector Aedes vittiger. We further compared these MPOV sequences with known sequences of the Yunnan orbivirus and other known orbivirus sequences of mosquito origin found in Australia. The phylogenetic analyses indicate the Australian MPOV sequences are more closely related to each other than other known sequences of Yunnan orbivirus. Furthermore, MPOV sequences are closely related to sequences from the Indonesian isolate JKT-8650. The clustering of Australian sequences in the phylogenetic tree suggests the monophyletic lineage of MPOV circulating in Australia. Further, ongoing surveillance is required to assess the existence and prevalence of this or other yet undetected lineages of MPOV and other orbiviruses in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Agnihotri
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Coopers Plains, 4108, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane Oakey
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Coopers Plains, 4108, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig Smith
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Coopers Plains, 4108, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Weir
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Berrimah, 0801, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Alyssa Pyke
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, 4108, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lorna Melville
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Berrimah, 0801, Northern Territory, Australia
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Pyasi S, Gupta A, Hegde NR, Nayak D. Complete genome sequencing and assessment of mutation-associated protein dynamics of the first Indian bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) isolate. Vet Q 2021; 41:308-319. [PMID: 34663182 PMCID: PMC8567923 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1995909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is a re-emerging disease caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Although it poses a huge economic threat to the livestock sector, complete viral genome information from any South Asian country, including India, lacks. Aim Genome characterization of the first Indian BEFV isolate and to evaluate its genetic diversity by characterizing genomic mutations and their associated protein dynamics. Materials and Methods Of the nineteen positive blood samples collected from BEF symptomatic animals during the 2018-19 outbreaks in India, one random sample was used to amplify the entire viral genome by RT-PCR. Utilizing Sanger sequencing and NGS technology, a complete genome was determined. Genome characterization, genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses were explored by comparing the results with available global isolates. Additionally, unique genomic mutations within the Indian isolate were investigated, followed by in-silico assessment of non-synonymous (NS) mutations impacts on corresponding proteins’ secondary structure, solvent accessibility and dynamics. Results The complete genome of Indian BEFV has 14,903 nucleotides with 33% GC with considerable genetic diversity. Its sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relatedness to the Middle Eastern lineage. Genome-wide scanning elucidated 30 unique mutations, including 10 NS mutations in the P, L and GNS proteins. The mutational impact evaluation confirmed alterations in protein structure and dynamics, with minimal effect on solvent accessibility. Additionally, alteration in the interatomic interactions was compared against the wild type. Conclusion These findings extend our understanding of the BEFV epidemiological and pathogenic potential, aiding in developing better therapeutic and preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Pyasi
- Discipline of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Advika Gupta
- Discipline of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Nagendra R Hegde
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Discipline of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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Douglass N, Omar R, Munyanduki H, Suzuki A, de Moor W, Mutowembwa P, Pretorius A, Nefefe T, van Schalkwyk A, Kara P, Heath L, Williamson AL. The Development of Dual Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF). Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111215. [PMID: 34835146 PMCID: PMC8621795 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual vaccines (n = 6) against both lumpy skin disease (LSD) and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) were constructed, based on the BEFV glycoprotein (G) gene, with or without the BEFV matrix (M) protein gene, inserted into one of two different LSDV backbones, nLSDV∆SOD-UCT or nLSDVSODis-UCT. The inserted gene cassettes were confirmed by PCR; and BEFV protein was shown to be expressed by immunofluorescence. The candidate dual vaccines were initially tested in a rabbit model; neutralization assays using the South African BEFV vaccine (B-Phemeral) strain showed an African consensus G protein gene (Gb) to give superior neutralization compared to the Australian (Ga) gene. The two LSDV backbones expressing both Gb and M BEFV genes were tested in cattle and shown to elicit neutralizing responses to LSDV as well as BEFV after two inoculations 4 weeks apart. The vaccines were safe in cattle and all vaccinated animals were protected against virulent LSDV challenge, unlike a group of control naïve animals, which developed clinical LSD. Both neutralizing and T cell responses to LSDV were stimulated upon challenge. After two inoculations, all vaccinated animals produced BEFV neutralizing antibodies ≥ 1/20, which is considered protective for BEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Douglass
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (R.O.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (W.d.M.); (A.-L.W.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-832-310-553
| | - Ruzaiq Omar
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (R.O.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (W.d.M.); (A.-L.W.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Henry Munyanduki
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (R.O.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (W.d.M.); (A.-L.W.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (R.O.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (W.d.M.); (A.-L.W.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Warren de Moor
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (R.O.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (W.d.M.); (A.-L.W.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Paidamwoyo Mutowembwa
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (P.M.); (A.P.); (T.N.); (A.v.S.); (P.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Alri Pretorius
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (P.M.); (A.P.); (T.N.); (A.v.S.); (P.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Tshifhiwa Nefefe
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (P.M.); (A.P.); (T.N.); (A.v.S.); (P.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Antoinette van Schalkwyk
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (P.M.); (A.P.); (T.N.); (A.v.S.); (P.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Pravesh Kara
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (P.M.); (A.P.); (T.N.); (A.v.S.); (P.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Livio Heath
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (P.M.); (A.P.); (T.N.); (A.v.S.); (P.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (R.O.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (W.d.M.); (A.-L.W.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Immunoinformatics Approach to Design Multi-Epitope- Subunit Vaccine against Bovine Ephemeral Fever Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080925. [PMID: 34452050 PMCID: PMC8402647 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an overlooked pathogen, recently gaining widespread attention owing to its associated enormous economic impacts affecting the global livestock industries. High endemicity with rapid spread and morbidity greatly impacts bovine species, demanding adequate attention towards BEFV prophylaxis. Currently, a few suboptimum vaccines are prevailing, but were confined to local strains with limited protection. Therefore, we designed a highly efficacious multi-epitope vaccine candidate targeted against the geographically distributed BEFV population. By utilizing immunoinformatics technology, all structural proteins were targeted for B- and T-cell epitope prediction against the entire allele population of BoLA molecules. Prioritized epitopes were adjoined by linkers and adjuvants to effectively induce both cellular and humoral immune responses in bovine. Subsequently, the in silico construct was characterized for its physicochemical parameters, high immunogenicity, least allergenicity, and non-toxicity. The 3D modeling, refinement, and validation of ligand (vaccine construct) and receptor (bovine TLR7) then followed molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation to validate their stable interactions. Moreover, in silico cloning of codon-optimized vaccine construct in the prokaryotic expression vector (pET28a) was explored. This is the first time HTL epitopes have been predicted using bovine datasets. We anticipate that the designed construct could be an effective prophylactic remedy for the BEF disease that may pave the way for future laboratory experiments.
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Gortázar C, Barroso P, Nova R, Cáceres G. The role of wildlife in the epidemiology and control of Foot-and-mouth-disease And Similar Transboundary (FAST) animal diseases: A review. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2462-2473. [PMID: 34268873 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs) are notifiable diseases which are highly transmissible and have the potential for rapid spread regardless of national borders. Many TADs are shared between domestic animals and wildlife, with the potential to affect both livestock sector and wildlife conservation and eventually, public health in the case of zoonosis. The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), a commission of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), has grouped six TADs as 'Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) And Similar Transboundary animal diseases' (FAST diseases). FAST diseases are ruminant infections caused by viruses, for which vaccination is a control option. The EuFMD hold-FAST strategy aims primarily at addressing the threat represented by FAST diseases for Europe. Prevention and control of FAST diseases might benefit from assessing the role of wildlife. We reviewed the role of wildlife as indicators, victims, bridge hosts or maintenance hosts for the six TADs included in the EuFMD hold-FAST strategy: FMD, peste des petits ruminants, lumpy skin disease, sheep and goatpox, Rift Valley fever and bovine ephemeral fever. We observed that wildlife can act as indicator species. In addition, they are occasionally victims of disease outbreaks, and they are often relevant for disease management as either bridge or maintenance hosts. Wildlife deserves to become a key component of future integrated surveillance and disease control strategies in an ever-changing world. It is advisable to increase our knowledge on wildlife roles in relevant TADs to improve our preparedness in case of an outbreak in previously disease-free regions, where wildlife may be significant for disease surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gortázar
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Patricia Barroso
- Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Nova
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Germán Cáceres
- European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Rome, Italy
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A Senescence-Like Cellular Response Inhibits Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Proliferation. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060601. [PMID: 34200003 PMCID: PMC8227762 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During industrial-scale production of viruses for vaccine manufacturing, anti-viral response of host cells can dampen maximal viral antigen yield. In addition to interferon responses, many other cellular responses, such as the AMPK signaling pathway or senescence-like response may inhibit or slow down virus amplification in the cell culture system. In this study, we first performed a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of the whole-genome mRNA transcriptome and found a senescence-like cellular response in BHK-21 cells when infected with bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). To demonstrate that this senescence-like state may reduce virus growth, BHK-21 subclones showing varying degrees of a senescence-like state were infected with BEFV. The results showed that the BHK-21 subclones showing high senescence staining could inhibit BEFV replication while low senescence-staining subclones are permissive to virus replication. Using a different approach, a senescence-like state was induced in BHK-21 using a small molecule, camptothecin (CPT), and BEFV susceptibility were examined. The results showed that CPT-treated BHK-21 is more resistant to virus infection. Overall, these results indicate that a senescence-like response may be at play in BHK-21 upon virus infection. Furthermore, cell clone selection and modulating treatments using small molecules may be tools in countering anti-viral responses.
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31
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Zhao W, Hou P, Ma W, Jiang C, Wang H, He H. Bta-miR-101 suppresses BEFV replication via targeting NKRF. Vet Microbiol 2021; 259:109127. [PMID: 34058703 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as a kind of small noncoding RNAs, have been proved to play a regulatory role in virus infection. However, the role and mechanism of cellular miRNAs in bovine transient fever virus (BEFV) infection are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that bta-miR-101 was significantly up-regulated in the Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells upon BEFV infection. Notably, bta-miR-101 mimic dramatically inhibited BEFV replication, while bta-miR-101 inhibitor facilitated BEFV replication, suggesting that bta-miR-101 acted as an anti-viral host factor restraining BEFV replication. Subsequently, NF-κB repressing factor (NKRF) was identified as a target gene of bta-miR-101 by dual luciferase reporter assay, and bta-miR-101 mimic significantly down-regulated expression of NKRF, while bta-miR-101 inhibitor up-regulated its expression, respectively. Furthermore, NKRF could induce apoptosis, and favored the replication of BEFV. Finally, bta-miR-101 inhibited BEFV-induced apoptosis via targeting NKRF to suppress virus replication. In general, our study provides a novel mechanism for bta-miR-101 to exert its antiviral function, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Zhao
- Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Peili Hou
- Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Wenqing Ma
- Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong Province, China.
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Karayel-Hacioglu I, Duran Yelken S, Vezir Y, Unal N, Alkan F. Isolation and genetic characterization of bovine ephemeral fever virus from epidemic-2020 in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:276. [PMID: 33880666 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) infection occurs seasonally in many tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia (including the Middle East), and Australia while it is exotic in Europe. In this study, the epidemiology of BEFV infection in Turkey that bridges southeastern Europe and Asia, geographically, was investigated according to the comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the virus caused the last epidemic in 2020 with those of the strains previously detected in Turkey as well as BEFV strains from other countries. In the phylogenetic analysis, based on an alignment of full-length G gene sequences, BEFVs from epidemic-2020 were located in Middle Eastern lineage and appear to represent most closely related BEFVs from India-2018 and 2019. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of BEFV epidemiology in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Karayel-Hacioglu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Şehit Ömer Halisdemir Street, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selda Duran Yelken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Siirt University, 56100, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Yaser Vezir
- Medicine and Biologicals Production and Trade Company, Dollvet Veterinary Vaccine, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Nilay Unal
- Medicine and Biologicals Production and Trade Company, Dollvet Veterinary Vaccine, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Feray Alkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Şehit Ömer Halisdemir Street, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
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33
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Lo YT, Tulloch F, Wu HC, Luke GA, Ryan MD, Chu CY. Expression and immunogenicity of secreted forms of bovine ephemeral fever virus glycoproteins applied to subunit vaccine development. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1123-1135. [PMID: 33605066 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vaccines for bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) are available but are difficult to produce, expensive or suffer from genetic instability. Therefore, we designed constructs encoding C-terminally truncated forms (transmembrane anchoring region deleted) of glycoproteins G and GNS such that they were secreted from the cell into the media to achieve high-level antigen expression, correct glycosylation pattern and enable further simple purification with the V5 epitope tag. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, synthetic biology was employed to create membrane-bound and secreted forms of G and GNS glycoprotein. Mammalian cell culture was employed as an antigen expression platform, and the secreted forms of G and GNS protein were easily purified from media using a highly effective, single-step method. The V5 epitope tag was genetically fused to the C-termini of the proteins, enabling detection of the antigen through immunoblotting and immunomicroscopy. Our data demonstrated that the C-terminally truncated form of the G glycoprotein was efficiently secreted from cells into the cell media. Moreover the immunogenicity was confirmed in mice test. CONCLUSIONS The immuno-dot blots showed that the truncated G glycoprotein was present in the total cell extract, and was clearly secreted into the media, consistent with the western blotting data and live-cell images. Our strategy presented the expression of secreted, epitope-tagged, forms of the BEFV glycoproteins such that appropriately glycosylated forms of BEFV G protein was secreted from the BHK-21 cells. This indicates that high-level expression of secreted G glycoprotein is a feasible strategy for large-scale production of vaccines and improving vaccine efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The antigen expression strategy designed in this study can produce high-quality recombinant protein and reduce the amount of antigen used in the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-T Lo
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - F Tulloch
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - H-C Wu
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - G A Luke
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - M D Ryan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - C-Y Chu
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Stokes JE, Darpel KE, Gubbins S, Carpenter S, Fernández de Marco MDM, Hernández-Triana LM, Fooks AR, Johnson N, Sanders C. Investigation of bovine ephemeral fever virus transmission by putative dipteran vectors under experimental conditions. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:597. [PMID: 33243283 PMCID: PMC7690080 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine ephemeral fever virus (Rhabdoviridae: Ephemerovirus) (BEFV) causes bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), an economically important disease of cattle and water buffalo. Outbreaks of BEF in Africa, Australia, Asia and the Middle East are characterized by high rates of morbidity and highly efficient transmission between cattle hosts. Despite this, the vectors of BEFV remain poorly defined. METHODS Colony lines of biting midges (Culicoides sonorensis) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus) were infected with a strain of BEFV originating from Israel by feeding on blood-virus suspensions and by intrathoracic inoculation. In addition, in vivo transmission of BEFV was also assessed by allowing C. sonorensis inoculated by the intrathoracic route to feed on male 6 month-old Holstein-Friesian calves. RESULTS There was no evidence of BEFV replication within mosquitoes fed on blood/virus suspensions for mosquitoes of any species tested for each of the three colony lines. In 170 C. sonorensis fed on the blood/virus suspension, BEFV RNA was detected in the bodies of 13 individuals and in the heads of two individuals, indicative of fully disseminated infections and an oral susceptibility rate of 1.2%. BEFV RNA replication was further demonstrated in all C. sonorensis that were inoculated by the intrathoracic route with virus after 5, 6 or 7 days post-infection. Despite this, transmission of BEFV could not be demonstrated when infected C. sonorensis were allowed to feed on calves. CONCLUSIONS No evidence for infection or dissemination of BEFV (bovine/Israel/2005-6) in mosquitoes of three different species was found. Evidence was found for infection of C. sonorensis by the oral route. However, attempts to transmit BEFV to calves from infected C. sonorensis failed. These results highlight the challenge of defining the natural vector of BEFV and of establishing an in vivo transmission model. The results are discussed with reference to the translation of laboratory-based studies to inference of vector competence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin E Darpel
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Simon Gubbins
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | | | | | - Anthony R Fooks
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7YH, UK
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Tseng HH, Huang WR, Cheng CY, Chiu HC, Liao TL, Nielsen BL, Liu HJ. Aspirin and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide Riboside Attenuate Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Replication by Inhibiting BEFV-Induced Autophagy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:556838. [PMID: 33329515 PMCID: PMC7732683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.556838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent study in our laboratory has demonstrated that BEFV-induced autophagy via activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK pathways and suppression of the PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway is beneficial for virus replication. In the current study, we found that both aspirin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-riboside (AICAR) siginificantly attenuated virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy via suppressing the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK pathways as well as inducing reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway. AICAR reversed the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK pathways at the early to late stages of infection and induced reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway at the late stage of infection. Our findings reveal that inhibition of BEFV-induced autophagy by AICAR is independent of AMPK. Furthermore, we found that AICAR transcriptionally downregulates the ATG related genes ULK1, Beclin 1, and LC3 and enhances Atg7 degradation by the proteasome pathway. Aspirin suppresses virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy. It directly suppressed the NF-κB pathway and reversed the BEFV-activated Src/JNK pathway at the early stage of infection and reversed the BEFV-suppressed PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway at the late stage of infection. The current study provides mechanistic insights into the effects of aspirin and AICAR on BEFV replication through suppression of BEFV-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Hung Tseng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ru Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuan Chiu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Ph.D Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Brent L Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Ph.D Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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36
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Madhav M, Baker D, Morgan JAT, Asgari S, James P. Wolbachia: A tool for livestock ectoparasite control. Vet Parasitol 2020; 288:109297. [PMID: 33248417 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ectoparasites and livestock-associated insects are a major concern throughout the world because of their economic and welfare impacts. Effective control is challenging and relies mainly on the use of chemical insecticides and acaricides. Wolbachia, an arthropod and nematode-infecting, maternally-transmitted endosymbiont is currently of widespread interest for use in novel strategies for the control of a range of arthropod-vectored human diseases and plant pests but to date has received only limited consideration for use in the control of diseases of veterinary concern. Here, we review the currently available information on Wolbachia in veterinary ectoparasites and disease vectors, consider the feasibility for use of Wolbachia in the control of livestock pests and diseases and highlight critical issues which need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Madhav
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dalton Baker
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jess A T Morgan
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sassan Asgari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter James
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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37
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Chen L, Li X, Wang H, Hou P, He H. Annexin A2 gene interacting with viral matrix protein to promote bovine ephemeral fever virus release. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e33. [PMID: 32233139 PMCID: PMC7113574 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) causes bovine ephemeral fever, which can produce considerable economic damage to the cattle industry. However, there is limited experimental evidence regarding the underlying mechanisms of BEFV. Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a calcium and lipid-conjugated protein that binds phospholipids and the cytoskeleton in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and it participates in various cellular functions, including vesicular trafficking, organization of membrane domains, and virus proliferation. The role of the AnxA2 gene during virus infection has not yet been reported. In this study, we observed that AnxA2 gene expression was up-regulated in BHK-21 cells infected with the virus. Additionally, overexpression of the AnxA2 gene promoted the release of mature virus particles, whereas BEFV replication was remarkably inhibited after reducing AnxA2 gene expression by using the small interfering RNA (siRNA). For viral proteins, overexpression of the Matrix (M) gene promotes the release of mature virus particles. Moreover, the AnxA2 protein interaction with the M protein of BEFV was confirmed by GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Experimental results indicate that the C-terminal domain (268-334 aa) of AxnA2 contributes to this interaction. An additional mechanistic study showed that AnxA2 protein interacts with M protein and mediates the localization of the M protein at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the absence of the AnxA2-V domain could attenuate the effect of AnxA2 on BEFV replication. These findings can contribute to elucidating the regulation of BEFV replication and may have implications for antiviral strategy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Chen
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Peili Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Zheng W, Zhao Z, Tian L, Liu L, Xu T, Wang X, He H, Xia X, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Zheng X. Genetically modified rabies virus vector-based bovine ephemeral fever virus vaccine induces protective immune responses against BEFV and RABV in mice. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1353-1362. [PMID: 32805767 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), caused by the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), is associated with an acute febrile infection in cattle and widespread in tropical and subtropical areas, leading to great economic losses to cattle and milk industry. However, no efficacious BEF vaccine is currently available in China. Herein, we generated a recombinant rabies virus (RABV) expressing BEFV glycoprotein (LBNSE-BG), utilizing a reverse genetics system based on the recombinant rabies virus strain LBNSE. It was found that mice immunized with LBNSE-BG produced robust neutralizing antibodies against both BEFV and RABV, and developed complete protection from lethal RABV challenge. Further studies showed that LBNSE-BG activated more dendritic cells (DCs), B cells and T cells in immunized mice than the parent virus LBNSE. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the recombinant LBNSE-BG described here has the potential to be developed as a cost-effective and efficacious bivalent vaccine for cattle use in endemic areas of BEF and rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhao
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lele Liu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yurong Wei
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Huaman JL, Pacioni C, Forsyth DM, Pople A, Hampton JO, Carvalho TG, Helbig KJ. Serosurveillance and Molecular Investigation of Wild Deer in Australia Reveals Seroprevalence of Pestivirus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070752. [PMID: 32668730 PMCID: PMC7412320 DOI: 10.3390/v12070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since deer were introduced into Australia in the mid-1800s, their wild populations have increased in size and distribution, posing a potential risk to the livestock industry, through their role in pathogen transmission cycles. In comparison to livestock, there are limited data on viral infections in all wildlife, including deer. The aim of this study was to assess blood samples from wild Australian deer for serological evidence of exposure to relevant viral livestock diseases. Blood samples collected across eastern Australia were tested by ELISA to detect antigens and antibodies against Pestivirus and antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1. A subset of samples was also assessed by RT-PCR for Pestivirus, Simbu serogroup, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bovine ephemeral fever virus. Our findings demonstrated a very low seroprevalence (3%) for ruminant Pestivirus, and none of the other viruses tested were detected. These results suggest that wild deer may currently be an incidental spill-over host (rather than a reservoir host) for Pestivirus. However, deer could be a future source of viral infections for domestic animals in Australia. Further investigations are needed to monitor pathogen activity and quantify possible future infectious disease impacts of wild deer on the Australian livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Huaman
- Department of Physiology, Molecular Virology Laboratory, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
- Department of Physiology, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
| | - Carlo Pacioni
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg 3084, Australia;
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
| | - David M. Forsyth
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Orange 2800, Australia;
| | - Anthony Pople
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Invasive Plants & Animals Research, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane 4102, Australia;
| | - Jordan O. Hampton
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
- Ecotone Wildlife, P.O. Box 76, Inverloch, VIC 3996, Australia
| | - Teresa G. Carvalho
- Department of Physiology, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
| | - Karla J. Helbig
- Department of Physiology, Molecular Virology Laboratory, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9479-6650
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40
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Blasdell KR, Davis SS, Voysey R, Bulach DM, Middleton D, Williams S, Harmsen MB, Weir RP, Crameri S, Walsh SJ, Peck GR, Tesh RB, Boyle DB, Melville LF, Walker PJ. Hayes Yard virus: a novel ephemerovirus isolated from a bull with severe clinical signs of bovine ephemeral fever is most closely related to Puchong virus. Vet Res 2020; 51:58. [PMID: 32349781 PMCID: PMC7191811 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever is a vector-borne disease of ruminants that occurs in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Australia. The disease is caused by a rhabdovirus, bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), which occurs as a single serotype globally. Although several other closely related ephemeroviruses have been isolated from cattle and/or arthropods, only kotonkan virus from Nigeria and (tentatively) Mavingoni virus from Mayotte Island in the Indian Ocean have been previously associated with febrile disease. Here, we report the isolation of a novel virus (Hayes Yard virus; HYV) from blood collected in February 2000 from a bull (Bos indicus) in the Northern Territory of Australia. The animal was suffering from a severe ephemeral fever-like illness with neurological involvement, including recumbency and paralysis, and was euthanised. Histological examination of spinal cord and lung tissue identified extensive haemorrhage in the dura mata with moderate perineuronal oedema and extensive emphysema. HYV displayed cone-shaped morphology, typical of rhabdoviruses, and was found to be most closely related antigenically to Puchong virus (PUCV), isolated in 1965 from mosquitoes in Malaysia. Analysis of complete genome sequences of HYV (15 025 nt) and PUCV (14 932 nt) indicated that each has a complex organisation (3' N-P-M-G-GNS-α1-α2-β-γ-L 5') and expression strategy, similar to that of BEFV. Based on an alignment of complete L protein sequences, HYV and PUCV cluster with other rhabdoviruses in the genus Ephemerovirus and appear to represent two new species. Neutralising antibody to HYV was also detected in a retrospective survey of cattle sera collected in the Northern Territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R Blasdell
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Steven S Davis
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia.,Timor-Leste Office, Menzies School of Health Research, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Rhonda Voysey
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Dieter M Bulach
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Deborah Middleton
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Sinead Williams
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Margaret B Harmsen
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Richard P Weir
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Sandra Crameri
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Susan J Walsh
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Grantley R Peck
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David B Boyle
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Lorna F Melville
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Peter J Walker
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Bello MB, Yusoff K, Ideris A, Hair-Bejo M, Jibril AH, Peeters BPH, Omar AR. Exploring the Prospects of Engineered Newcastle Disease Virus in Modern Vaccinology. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040451. [PMID: 32316317 PMCID: PMC7232247 DOI: 10.3390/v12040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many traditional vaccines have proven to be incapable of controlling newly emerging infectious diseases. They have also achieved limited success in the fight against a variety of human cancers. Thus, innovative vaccine strategies are highly needed to overcome the global burden of these diseases. Advances in molecular biology and reverse genetics have completely restructured the concept of vaccinology, leading to the emergence of state-of-the-art technologies for vaccine design, development and delivery. Among these modern vaccine technologies are the recombinant viral vectored vaccines, which are known for their incredible specificity in antigen delivery as well as the induction of robust immune responses in the vaccinated hosts. Although a number of viruses have been used as vaccine vectors, genetically engineered Newcastle disease virus (NDV) possesses some useful attributes that make it a preferable candidate for vectoring vaccine antigens. Here, we review the molecular biology of NDV and discuss the reverse genetics approaches used to engineer the virus into an efficient vaccine vector. We then discuss the prospects of the engineered virus as an efficient vehicle of vaccines against cancer and several infectious diseases of man and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria;
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria;
| | - Ben P. H. Peeters
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, POB 65, NL8200 Lelystad, The Netherlands;
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+603-89472111
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Yanase T, Murota K, Hayama Y. Endemic and Emerging Arboviruses in Domestic Ruminants in East Asia. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:168. [PMID: 32318588 PMCID: PMC7154088 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epizootic congenital abnormalities caused by Akabane, Aino, and Chuzan viruses have damaged the reproduction of domestic ruminants in East Asia for many years. In the past, large outbreaks of febrile illness related to bovine ephemeral fever and Ibaraki viruses severely affected the cattle industry in that region. In recent years, vaccines against these viruses have reduced the occurrence of diseases, although the viruses are still circulating and have occasionally caused sporadic and small-scaled epidemics. Over a long-term monitoring period, many arboviruses other than the above-mentioned viruses have been isolated from cattle and Culicoides biting midges in Japan. Several novel arboviruses that may infect ruminants (e.g., mosquito- and tick-borne arboviruses) were recently reported in mainland China based on extensive surveillance. It is noteworthy that some are suspected of being associated with cattle diseases. Malformed calves exposed to an intrauterine infection with orthobunyaviruses (e.g., Peaton and Shamonda viruses) have been observed. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 caused a sudden outbreak of hemorrhagic disease in cattle in Japan. Unfortunately, the pathogenicity of many other viruses in ruminants has been uncertain, although these viruses potentially affect livestock production. As global transportation grows, the risk of an accidental incursion of arboviruses is likely to increase in previously non-endemic areas. Global warming will also certainly affect the distribution and active period of vectors, and thus the range of virus spreads will expand to higher-latitude regions. To prevent anticipated damages to the livestock industry, the monitoring system for arboviral circulation and incursion should be strengthened; moreover, the sharing of information and preventive strategies will be essential in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoko Hayama
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
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South African bovine ephemeral fever virus glycoprotein sequences are phylogenetically distinct from those from the rest of the world. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1207-1210. [PMID: 32140837 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an economically important arbovirus affecting cattle and water buffalo. Currently, isolates can be separated into three phylogenetic groups, differentiated by the place of isolation, namely, East Asia, Australia, and the Middle East. BEFV surface glycoprotein (G) genes from 14 South African field strains collected between 1968 and 1999 were sequenced and compared to 154 published sequences. The BEFV isolates from South Africa were found to be phylogenetically distinct from those from other parts of the world.
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Kun J, Rongrong J, Xiangbin W, Yan Z, Yiping D, Gang L, Pei Z, Shoujun L. Genetic characterization of bovine ephemeral fever virus in southern China, 2013-2017. Virus Genes 2020; 56:390-395. [PMID: 32030575 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) can cause bovine ephemeral fever and is an economically important arbovirus of cattle. To expand the knowledge of the molecular epidemiology of BEFV in southern China, the complete surface glycoprotein G gene of BEFV was sequenced from samples collected in five restricted outbreaks from 2013 to 2017, namely 2013ZH, 2014HM, 2015GX, 11082-2016, and qy2017. It was noted that both 2014HM and 11082-2016 were detected in cattle regularly vaccinated with inactivated vaccine. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all five strains grouped into cluster I. However, qy2017 was closer to the BEFV strains identified in Thailand, Japan, and Taiwan after 2000, while 2013ZH, 2014HM, 2015GX, and 11082-2016 were closer to the Chinese strains in 2011 and the Turkey strains in 2012. The analysis of antigenic sites indicated that several amino acid changes occurred between the five strains and the vaccine strain. Importantly, one novel amino acid mutation site was observed in the putative N-linked glycosylation sites of 2013ZH, 2014HM, 2015GX, and 11082-2016. Our study indicated novel genetic characteristics of the newly emerging BEFV strains in southern China and the necessity of updating the component of commercially available inactivated BEFV vaccines in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Rongrong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xiangbin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Dou Yiping
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Gang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Pei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shoujun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Folly AJ, Dorey-Robinson D, Hernández-Triana LM, Phipps LP, Johnson N. Emerging Threats to Animals in the United Kingdom by Arthropod-Borne Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:20. [PMID: 32118054 PMCID: PMC7010938 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, arthropod-borne disease transmission represents one of the greatest threats to public and animal health. For the British Isles, an island group on the north-western coast of continental Europe consisting of the United Kingdom (UK) and the Republic of Ireland, physical separation offers a barrier to the introduction of many of the pathogens that affect animals on the rest of the continent. Added to this are strict biosecurity rules at ports of entry and the depauperate vector biodiversity found on the islands. Nevertheless, there are some indigenous arthropod-borne pathogens that cause sporadic outbreaks, such as the tick-borne louping ill virus, found almost exclusively in the British Isles, and a range of piroplasmid infections that are poorly characterized. These provide an ongoing source of infection whose emergence can be unpredictable. In addition, the risk remains for future introductions of both exotic vectors and the pathogens they harbor, and can transmit. Current factors that are driving the increases of both disease transmission and the risk of emergence include marked changes to the climate in the British Isles that have increased summer and winter temperatures, and extended the period over which arthropods are active. There have also been dramatic increases in the distribution of mosquito-borne diseases, such as West Nile and Usutu viruses in mainland Europe that are making the introduction of these pathogens through bird migration increasingly feasible. In addition, the establishment of midge-borne bluetongue virus in the near continent has increased the risk of wind-borne introduction of infected midges and the inadvertent importation of infected cattle. Arguably the greatest risk is associated with the continual increase in the movement of people, pets and trade into the UK. This, in particular, is driving the introduction of invasive arthropod species that either bring disease-causing pathogens, or are known competent vectors, that increase the risk of disease transmission if introduced. The following review documents the current pathogen threats to animals transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks and midges. This includes both indigenous and exotic pathogens to the UK. In the case of exotic pathogens, the pathway and risk of introduction are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arran J. Folly
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Dorey-Robinson
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | | | - L. Paul Phipps
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Hijazeen ZS, Ismail ZB, M Al-Majali A. Prevalence and risk factors of some arthropod-transmitted diseases in cattle and sheep in Jordan. Vet World 2020; 13:201-205. [PMID: 32158173 PMCID: PMC7020114 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.201-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of bluetongue virus (BTV) in sheep and bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) in dairy cattle in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A simple randomized study was designed to collect 600 serum samples from sheep and 300 serum samples from dairy cattle located in the Northwestern parts of Jordan. In addition, data regarding farm management were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire through personal interview to determine potential risk factors. The seroprevalences of BEF and BTVs were determined using serum neutralization test and BTV group-specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results: The overall seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against BEFV in dairy cattle was 45.37%. The overall seroprevalence of BTV group-specific antibodies in sheep was 47.8% (54% true seroprevalence). Logistic regression analysis identified geographic location (Irbid) (odds ratio [OR]=1.0; confidence interval [CI]=0.5-2.1), no use of disinfectants on the farm (OR=1.0; CI=0.05-0.1), and lack of veterinary services (OR=10; CI=3.5-13.2) as risk factors associated with high seropositivity against BTV in sheep. Geographic location (Jarash) (OR=3; CI=1.0-5.5), age of the animal (1-2 years of age (OR=1; CI=0.3-1.9), and lack of veterinary services (OR=9; CI=4-11) were identified as risk factors associated with high seroprevalence against BEFV in dairy cattle. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that BEFV in dairy cattle and BTV in sheep are endemic in Northwestern regions of Jordan. Implementation of appropriate control measures is, therefore, required to reduce the adverse effects of these diseases on animal health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaidoun S Hijazeen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Zuhair Bani Ismail
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ahmad M Al-Majali
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Jiang H, Hou P, He H, Wang H. Cell apoptosis regulated by interaction between viral gene alpha 3 and host heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K facilitates bovine ephemeral fever virus replication. Vet Microbiol 2020; 240:108510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gao S, Du J, Tian Z, Niu Q, Huang D, Wang J, Luo J, Liu G, Yin H. A SYBR green I-based quantitative RT-PCR assay for bovine ephemeral fever virus and its utility for evaluating viral kinetics in cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 32:44-50. [PMID: 31845623 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719895460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a SYBR green I-based reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Analytical sensitivity of the assay was ~ 100 times higher than conventional RT-PCR. The precision of the RT-qPCR established for RNA standards was high, with intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 0.23-0.89% and 0.23-1.02%, respectively. The test was highly specific for BEFV strains, with no cross-reactivity with other viruses of veterinary significance. The assay detected BEFV RNA as early as 1 d post-infection (dpi) and up to 7-8 dpi in the blood samples of experimentally infected cattle. The most stable reference gene, peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA), was selected for the quantification of BEFV. Viral RNA loads reached peak level at 3-5 dpi and then decreased rapidly through 7-8 dpi. Our assay provides a reliable approach for the detection of BEFV in the early infection stage and for use in the profiling of BEFV kinetics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Zhancheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Qingli Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Dexuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Jidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
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Dacheux L, Dommergues L, Chouanibou Y, Doméon L, Schuler C, Bonas S, Luo D, Maufrais C, Cetre‐Sossah C, Cardinale E, Bourhy H, Métras R. Co-circulation and characterization of novel African arboviruses (genus Ephemerovirus) in cattle, Mayotte island, Indian Ocean, 2017. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2601-2604. [PMID: 31390479 PMCID: PMC6899740 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mayotte is an island located in the Mozambique Channel, between Mozambique and Madagascar, in the South Western Indian Ocean region. A severe syndrome of unknown aetiology has been observed seasonally since 2009 in cattle (locally named "cattle flu"), associated with anorexia, nasal discharge, hyperthermia and lameness. We sampled blood from a panel of those severely affected animals at the onset of disease signs and analysed these samples by next-generation sequencing. We first identified the presence of ephemeral bovine fever viruses (BEFV), an arbovirus belonging to the genus Ephemerovirus within the family Rhabdoviridae, thus representing the first published sequences of BEFV viruses of African origin. In addition, we also discovered and genetically characterized a potential new species within the genus Ephemerovirus, called Mavingoni virus (MVGV) from one diseased animal. Finally, both MVGV and BEFV have been identified in cattle from the same herd, evidencing a co-circulation of different ephemeroviruses on the island. The clinical, epidemiological and virological information strongly suggests that these viruses represent the etiological agents of the observed "cattle flu" within this region. This study highlights the importance of the strengthening and harmonizing arboviral surveillance in Mayotte and its neighbouring areas, including Africa mainland, given the importance of the diffusion of infectious diseases (such as BEFV) mediated by animal and human movements in the South Western Indian Ocean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dacheux
- Institut PasteurUnit Lyssavirus Epidemiology and NeuropathologyParisFrance
| | - Laure Dommergues
- GDS Mayotte‐Coopérative Agricole des Eleveurs MahoraisCoconiFrance
| | | | - Lionel Doméon
- Clinique Vétérinaire de Doméon/SchulerMamoudzouFrance
| | | | - Simon Bonas
- Institut PasteurUnit Lyssavirus Epidemiology and NeuropathologyParisFrance
| | - Dongsheng Luo
- Institut PasteurUnit Lyssavirus Epidemiology and NeuropathologyParisFrance
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and BiosafetyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Corinne Maufrais
- Institut PasteurUSR 3756 CNRSBioinformatics and Biostatistics HubParisFrance
| | - Catherine Cetre‐Sossah
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRESainte ClotildeFrance
- ASTREUniv Montpellier (I‐MUSE)CIRAD, INRAMontpellierFrance
| | - Eric Cardinale
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRESainte ClotildeFrance
- ASTREUniv Montpellier (I‐MUSE)CIRAD, INRAMontpellierFrance
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut PasteurUnit Lyssavirus Epidemiology and NeuropathologyParisFrance
| | - Raphaëlle Métras
- ASTREUniv Montpellier (I‐MUSE)CIRAD, INRAMontpellierFrance
- CIRADUMR ASTREMontpellierFrance
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Isolate from Israel. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/41/e00822-19. [PMID: 31601661 PMCID: PMC6787318 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00822-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the first complete genome of a bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) isolate from an infected bovine in Israel. The genome shares 95.3% identity with a Turkish genomic sequence but contains α3 and γ open reading frames that are truncated compared to those of existing BEFV genome sequences.
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