1
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Erdelyan CNG, Kandeil A, Signore AV, Jones MEB, Vogel P, Andreev K, Bøe CA, Gjerset B, Alkie TN, Yason C, Hisanaga T, Sullivan D, Lung O, Bourque L, Ayilara I, Pama L, Jeevan T, Franks J, Jones JC, Seiler JP, Miller L, Mubareka S, Webby RJ, Berhane Y. Multiple transatlantic incursions of highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N5) virus into North America and spillover to mammals. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114479. [PMID: 39003741 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have spread at an unprecedented scale, leading to mass mortalities in birds and mammals. In 2023, a transatlantic incursion of HPAI A(H5N5) viruses into North America was detected, followed shortly thereafter by a mammalian detection. As these A(H5N5) viruses were similar to contemporary viruses described in Eurasia, the transatlantic spread of A(H5N5) viruses was most likely facilitated by pelagic seabirds. Some of the Canadian A(H5N5) viruses from birds and mammals possessed the PB2-E627K substitution known to facilitate adaptation to mammals. Ferrets inoculated with A(H5N5) viruses showed rapid, severe disease onset, with some evidence of direct contact transmission. However, these viruses have maintained receptor binding traits of avian influenza viruses and were susceptible to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Understanding the factors influencing the virulence and transmission of A(H5N5) in migratory birds and mammals is critical to minimize impacts on wildlife and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Department of Pathology and Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Anthony V Signore
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Megan E B Jones
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Atlantic Region, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Peter Vogel
- Comparative Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Konstantin Andreev
- Department of Pathology and Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | | | - Tamiru N Alkie
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Carmencita Yason
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Tamiko Hisanaga
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Daniel Sullivan
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Oliver Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M5, Canada
| | - Laura Bourque
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Atlantic Region, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Ifeoluwa Ayilara
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Lemarie Pama
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Pathology and Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - John Franks
- Department of Pathology and Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeremy C Jones
- Department of Pathology and Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jon P Seiler
- Department of Pathology and Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lance Miller
- Department of Pathology and Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Pathology and Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Yohannes Berhane
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
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2
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Luczo JM, Spackman E. Epitopes in the HA and NA of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses that are important for antigenic drift. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae014. [PMID: 38734891 PMCID: PMC11149724 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses evolve antigenically to evade host immunity. Two influenza A virus surface glycoproteins, the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, are the major targets of host immunity and undergo antigenic drift in response to host pre-existing humoral and cellular immune responses. Specific sites have been identified as important epitopes in prominent subtypes such as H5 and H7, which are of animal and public health significance due to their panzootic and pandemic potential. The haemagglutinin is the immunodominant immunogen, it has been extensively studied, and the antigenic reactivity is closely monitored to ensure candidate vaccine viruses are protective. More recently, the neuraminidase has received increasing attention for its role as a protective immunogen. The neuraminidase is expressed at a lower abundance than the haemagglutinin on the virus surface but does elicit a robust antibody response. This review aims to compile the current information on haemagglutinin and neuraminidase epitopes and immune escape mutants of H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Understanding the evolution of immune escape mutants and the location of epitopes is critical for identification of vaccine strains and development of broadly reactive vaccines that can be utilized in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina M Luczo
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, East Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia
| | - Erica Spackman
- Exotic & Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, United States
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3
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Tang S, Han B, Su C, Li H, Zhao S, Leng H, Feng Y, Zhang Y. Wild Bird-Origin H6N2 Influenza Virus Acquires Enhanced Pathogenicity after Single Passage in Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:357. [PMID: 38543722 PMCID: PMC10976067 DOI: 10.3390/v16030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The H6 subtype of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) has emerged as one of the predominant subtypes in both wild and domestic avian species. Currently, H6 AIVs have acquired the ability to infect a wide range of mammals, though the related molecular mechanisms have yet to be fully investigated. In this study, a wild bird-origin H6N2 AIV was isolated from the East Asian-Australasian migratory flyway region located in Liaoning Province. This H6N2 virus initially expressed limited replication in mice. However, after one passage in mice, the virus acquired two mutations, PB2 E627K and HA A110V. The mutant displayed enhanced replication both in vitro and in vivo, proving lethal to mice. But the mutant retained the α-2, 3-linked sialic acid binding property and failed to transmit in guinea pigs. We explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity difference between the wild type and the mutant. Our findings revealed that PB2 E627K dramatically enhanced the polymerase activity of the H6N2 virus, while the HA A110V mutation decreased the pH of HA activation. This study demonstrated that the H6N2 subtype wild bird-origin AIV easily acquired the mammalian adaptation. The monitoring and evaluation of H6 wild bird-origin AIV should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Panjin Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Rd., Shenyang 110866, China; (S.T.); (B.H.); (C.S.); (H.L.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.F.)
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4
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Liu M, van Kuppeveld FJM, de Haan CAM, de Vries E. Gradual adaptation of animal influenza A viruses to human-type sialic acid receptors. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 60:101314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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5
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Zhang C, Cui H, Chen L, Yuan W, Dong S, Kong Y, Guo Z, Liu J. Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Goose-Origin H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Clade 2.3.4.4h in Mammals. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112454. [PMID: 36366552 PMCID: PMC9699601 DOI: 10.3390/v14112454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the last decade, H5N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulating in poultry and infecting humans have caused increasing global concerns that they might become a pandemic threat to global health. Since AIVs could occasionally cause asymptomatic infections in geese, virus monitoring in such a host should be critical to the control of cross-species infection. In addition, previous studies showed that clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 AIVs could infect mammals without adaptation. However, the pathogenicity and transmissibility of goose-origin clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 AIVs in mammals remain unknown. In this study, two H5N6 AIVs were isolated from a domestic chicken (A/chicken/Hebei CK05/2019 (H5N6)) and a goose (A/goose/Hebei/GD07/2019(H5N6)). This study is the first to evaluate the pathogenicity and transmissibility of goose-origin clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 AIVs in mammals by comparison with chicken-origin 2.3.4.4h H5N6 AIVs. The CK05 virus had an affinity for α-2,3-receptors, while the GD07 virus had an affinity for both α-2,3-and α-2,6-receptors. The GD07 virus had a higher replication capacity in vitro and more severe pathogenicity in mice than the CK05 virus. The CK05 virus could not be transmitted effectively among guinea pigs, whereas the GD07 virus could be transmitted through direct contact among guinea pigs. The results of this study indicated the potential health threat of clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 AIVs to mammals and emphasized the importance of continuous monitoring of H5N6 AIVs, especially in waterfowl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Huan Cui
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shishan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yunyi Kong
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-86985975 (Z.G.); +86-0312-7520278 (J.L.)
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-86985975 (Z.G.); +86-0312-7520278 (J.L.)
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6
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Virus Adaptation Following Experimental Infection of Chickens with a Domestic Duck Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Isolate from the 2017 USA H7N9 Outbreak Identifies Polymorphic Mutations in Multiple Gene Segments. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061166. [PMID: 34207098 PMCID: PMC8234733 DOI: 10.3390/v13061166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2017, highly pathogenic (HP) and low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H7N9 were detected from poultry farms and backyard birds in several states in the southeast United States. Because interspecies transmission is a known mechanism for evolution of AIVs, we sought to characterize infection and transmission of a domestic duck-origin H7N9 LPAIV in chickens and genetically compare the viruses replicating in the chickens to the original H7N9 clinical field samples used as inoculum. The results of the experimental infection demonstrated virus replication and transmission in chickens, with overt clinical signs of disease and shedding through both oral and cloacal routes. Unexpectedly, higher levels of virus shedding were observed in some cloacal swabs. Next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis identified numerous non-synonymous mutations at the consensus level in the polymerase genes (i.e., PA, PB1, and PB2) and the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor binding site in viruses recovered from chickens, indicating possible virus adaptation in the new host. For comparison, NGS analysis of clinical samples obtained from duck specimen collected during the outbreak indicated three polymorphic sides in the M1 segment and a minor population of viruses carrying the D139N (21.4%) substitution in the NS1 segment. Interestingly, at consensus level, A/duck/Alabama (H7N9) had isoleucine at position 105 in NP protein, similar to HPAIV (H7N9) but not to LPAIV (H7N9) isolated from the same 2017 influenza outbreak in the US. Taken together, this work demonstrates that the H7N9 viruses could readily jump between avian species, which may have contributed to the evolution of the virus and its spread in the region.
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7
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Mercan Y, Atim G, Kayed AE, Azbazdar ME, Kandeil A, Ali MA, Rubrum A, McKenzie P, Webby RJ, Erima B, Wabwire-Mangen F, Ukuli QA, Tugume T, Byarugaba DK, Kayali G, Ducatez MF, Koçer ZA. Molecular Characterization of Closely Related H6N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Turkey, Egypt, and Uganda. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040607. [PMID: 33918166 PMCID: PMC8065897 DOI: 10.3390/v13040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic analysis of circulating avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds at different geographical regions during the same period could improve our knowledge about virus transmission dynamics in natural hosts, virus evolution as well as zoonotic potential. Here, we report the genetic and molecular characterization of H6N2 influenza viruses isolated from migratory birds in Turkey, Egypt, and Uganda during 2017–2018. The Egyptian and Turkish isolates were genetically closer to each other than they were to the virus isolated from Uganda. Our results also suggest that multiple reassortment events were involved in the genesis of the isolated viruses. All viruses contained molecular markers previously associated with increased replication and/or pathogenicity in mammals. The results of this study indicate that H6N2 viruses carried by migratory birds on the West Asian/East African and Mediterranean/Black Sea flyways have the potential to transmit to mammals including humans. Additionally, adaptation markers in these viruses indicate the potential risk for poultry, which also increases the possibility of human exposure to these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Mercan
- Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (Y.M.); (M.E.A.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gladys Atim
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; (G.A.); (B.E.); (F.W.-M.); (Q.A.U.); (T.T.); (D.K.B.)
| | - Ahmed E. Kayed
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt; (A.E.K.); (A.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - M. Ekin Azbazdar
- Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (Y.M.); (M.E.A.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt; (A.E.K.); (A.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt; (A.E.K.); (A.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Adam Rubrum
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (P.M.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Pamela McKenzie
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (P.M.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Richard J. Webby
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (P.M.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Bernard Erima
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; (G.A.); (B.E.); (F.W.-M.); (Q.A.U.); (T.T.); (D.K.B.)
| | - Fred Wabwire-Mangen
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; (G.A.); (B.E.); (F.W.-M.); (Q.A.U.); (T.T.); (D.K.B.)
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda
| | - Qouilazoni A. Ukuli
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; (G.A.); (B.E.); (F.W.-M.); (Q.A.U.); (T.T.); (D.K.B.)
| | - Titus Tugume
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; (G.A.); (B.E.); (F.W.-M.); (Q.A.U.); (T.T.); (D.K.B.)
| | - Denis K. Byarugaba
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; (G.A.); (B.E.); (F.W.-M.); (Q.A.U.); (T.T.); (D.K.B.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Human Link, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Zeynep A. Koçer
- Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; (Y.M.); (M.E.A.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-232-299-4165
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8
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He WT, Wang L, Zhao Y, Wang N, Li G, Veit M, Bi Y, Gao GF, Su S. Adaption and parallel evolution of human-isolated H5 avian influenza viruses. J Infect 2020; 80:630-638. [PMID: 32007525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Avian-to-human transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) and their subsequent adaptation to humans are of great concern to public health. Surveillance and early warning of AIVs with the potential to infect humans and pandemic potential is crucial. In this study, we determined whether adaptive evolution occurred in human-isolated H5 viruses. We evaluated all available genomes of H5N1 and H5N6 avian influenza A virus. Firstly, we systematically identified several new mutations in H5 AIV that might be associated with human adaptation using a combination of novel comparative phylogenetic methods and structural analysis. Some changes are the result of parallel evolution, further demonstrating their importance. In total, we identified 102 adaptive evolution sites in eight genes. Some residues had been previously identified, such as 227 in HA and 627 in PB2, while others have not been reported so far. Ten sites from four genes evolved in parallel but no obvious positive selection was detected. Our study suggests that during infection of humans, H5 viruses evolved to adapt to their new host environment and that the sites of adaptive/parallel evolution might play a role in crossing the species barrier and are the response to new selection pressure. The results provide insight to implement early detection systems for transitional stages in H5 AIV evolution before its potential adaptation for humans. Author summary line The prerequisite of surveillance and early warning of avian influenza viruses with the potential to infect humans depends on the identification of human-adaptation related mutations. In this study, we used a novel approach combining both phylogenetic and structural analysis to identify possible human-adaptation related mutations in H5 AIVs. Previous studies reported human-adaptation related mutations and some novel mutations exhibiting parallel evolution. Our result provides new insights into how AIVs adapt to humans by point mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting He
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gairu Li
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael Veit
- Institute for Virology, Center for Infection Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Free University Berlin, Robert-von-OstertagStraβe 7-13, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Su
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Liu K, Gao R, Gu M, Li J, Shi L, Sun W, Liu D, Gao Z, Wang X, Hu J, Liu X, Hu S, Chen S, Gao S, Peng D, Jiao XA, Liu X. Genetic and biological characterization of two reassortant H5N2 avian influenza A viruses isolated from waterfowl in China in 2016. Vet Microbiol 2018; 224:8-16. [PMID: 30269795 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two reassortant H5N2 viruses in which hemagglutinin (HA) was clustered into clade 2.3.4.4, were isolated from apparently healthy waterfowl in live poultry markets in Eastern China in 2016. We used specific pathogen-free chickens, mallard ducks, and BALB/c mice to evaluate the isolates' biological characteristics in different animal models. The newly isolated reassortant H5N2 viruses were able to cause severe disease in chickens and effective contact transmission, only at high doses. Our pathogenicity studies in ducks yielded an interesting result: the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) indicated that isolate A/goose/Eastern China/1106/2016(1106) was low pathogenic and the other isolate A/duck/Eastern China/YD1516/2016(YD1516) was of highly pathogenicity in ducks. However, our 50% duck lethal dose (DLD50) experiment demonstrated that these viruses were all of low pathogenicity (DLD50 > 107.0 EID50) in ducks. Additionally, despite the fact that reassortant H5N2 were of low pathogenicity in mice, they could bind to both avian-type (SAα-2,3 Gal) and human-type (SAα-2,6 Gal) receptors, suggesting that these isolates still present a high risk for human infection. Therefore, it is of great importance to implement continual surveillance of avian influenza virus (AIV) to protect both veterinary and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaituo Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyi Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwei Shi
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin-An Jiao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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10
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Gao R, Gu M, Liu K, Li Q, Li J, Shi L, Li X, Wang X, Hu J, Liu X, Hu S, Chen S, Peng D, Jiao X, Liu X. T160A mutation-induced deglycosylation at site 158 in hemagglutinin is a critical determinant of the dual receptor binding properties of clade 2.3.4.4 H5NX subtype avian influenza viruses. Vet Microbiol 2018; 217:158-166. [PMID: 29615249 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Most clade 2.3.4.4 H5NX subtype avian influenza viruses possess a T160A amino acid substitution in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein that has been shown to affect the receptor binding properties of a clade 2.3.4 H5N1 virus. However, the effect of this single site mutation on the HA backbone of clade 2.3.4.4 H5NX viruses remains unclear. In this study, two H5N6 field isolates possessing HA-160A with dual α-2,3 and α-2,6 receptor binding properties (Y6 virus) and HA-160T with α-2,3 receptor binding affinity (HX virus), respectively, were selected to generate HA mutants containing all of the internal genes from A/PR8/H1N1 virus for comparative investigation. We found that the Y6-P-160A and RHX-P-160A viruses each with 160A in the HA resulting in loss of glycosylation at site 158 exhibited binding to the two receptor types, whereas the RY6-P-160T and HX-P-160T viruses each with 160T in the HA displayed selective binding to α-2,3 receptors only. In addition, differences were noted in the replication of these four H5N6 recombinants in avian and mammalian cells, as well as in their pathogenicity in mice. The contribution of deglycosylation at site 158 to the acquisition of human-like receptors was further verified in H5N2, H5N5 and H5N8 reassortants. Therefore, we conclude that the lack of glycosylation at site 158 induced by the T160A mutation in HA is a critical determinant for the dual receptor binding properties of clade 2.3.4.4 H5NX viruses. This new insight may be helpful in assessing the pandemic potential of novel H5 isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Min Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qunhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Liwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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11
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Dong Z, Xia Y, Ya X, Chen L, Liu C, Wang R, Shen Q. Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of the fifth avian influenza A(H7N9) wave in Suzhou, China, from October 2016 to April 2017. Virus Genes 2018; 54:182-189. [PMID: 29404897 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human infections with H7N9 viruses can cause severe pneumonia and even death. To characterize the epidemiology and genetics of the H7N9 viruses circulating during from October 2016 to April 2017 in Suzhou, China, all pharyngeal swab samples were collected from severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) cases during this fifth wave of infection, and we amplified the H7N9 H7 and N9 genes using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were subjected to virus isolation and gene sequencing to analyze the evolution and variation of the H7N9 strains. The epidemiological features of H7N9 patients have not changed and there were no significant mutations in the key sites of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequence, but we identified the K526R and E627 K substitutions in the PB2 protein. In the neuraminidase (NA) protein, drug-resistant mutations (R294 K and H276Y) occurred in a few strains. Most of the H7N9 viruses isolated from Suzhou had no drug resistance mutations, but it is necessary to closely monitor and analyze the probable emergence of mutations and the spread of resistant strains. The reduction of the N-glycosylation site at position 42 of NA was observed in some strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Dong
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Xuerong Ya
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Liling Chen
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Ruyan Wang
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, 215004, China.
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12
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Liu K, Gu M, Hu S, Gao R, Li J, Shi L, Sun W, Liu D, Gao Z, Xu X, Hu J, Wang X, Liu X, Chen S, Peng D, Jiao X, Liu X. Genetic and biological characterization of three poultry-origin H5N6 avian influenza viruses with all internal genes from genotype S H9N2 viruses. Arch Virol 2018; 163:947-960. [PMID: 29307089 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
During surveillance for avian influenza viruses, three H5N6 viruses were isolated in chickens obtained from live bird markets in eastern China, between January 2015 and April 2016. Sequence analysis revealed a high genomic homology between these poultry isolates and recent human H5N6 variants whose internal genes were derived from genotype S H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Glycan binding assays revealed that all avian H5N6 viruses were capable of binding to both human-type SAα-2,6Gal receptors and avian-type SAα-2,3Gal receptors. Their biological characteristics were further studied in BALB/c mice, specific-pathogen-free chickens, and mallard ducks. All three isolates had low pathogenicity in mice but were highly pathogenic to chickens, as evidenced by 100% mortality 36-120 hours post infection at a low dose of 103.0EID50 and through effective contact transmission. Moreover, all three poultry H5N6 isolates caused asymptomatic infections in ducks, which may serve as a reservoir host for their maintenance and dissemination; these migrating waterfowl could cause a potential global pandemic. Our study suggests that continuous epidemiological surveillance in poultry should be implemented for the early prevention of future influenza outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaituo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyi Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Takemae N, Tsunekuni R, Sharshov K, Tanikawa T, Uchida Y, Ito H, Soda K, Usui T, Sobolev I, Shestopalov A, Yamaguchi T, Mine J, Ito T, Saito T. Five distinct reassortants of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses affected Japan during the winter of 2016-2017. Virology 2017; 512:8-20. [PMID: 28892736 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the evolutionary pathway, we sequenced the entire genomes of 89 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) isolated in Japan during winter 2016-2017 and 117 AIV/HPAIVs isolated in Japan and Russia. Phylogenetic analysis showed that at least 5 distinct genotypes of H5N6 HPAIVs affected poultry and wild birds during that period. Japanese H5N6 isolates shared a common genetic ancestor in 6 of 8 genomic segments, and the PA and NS genes demonstrated 4 and 2 genetic origins, respectively. Six gene segments originated from a putative ancestral clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 virus that was a possible genetic reassortant among Chinese clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs. In addition, 2 NS clusters and a PA cluster in Japanese H5N6 HPAIVs originated from Chinese HPAIVs, whereas 3 distinct AIV-derived PA clusters were evident. These results suggest that migratory birds were important in the spread and genetic diversification of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Takemae
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan; Thailand-Japan Zoonotic Diseases Collaboration Center, Kasetklang, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ryota Tsunekuni
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan; Thailand-Japan Zoonotic Diseases Collaboration Center, Kasetklang, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kirill Sharshov
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2, Timakova street, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Taichiro Tanikawa
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan; Thailand-Japan Zoonotic Diseases Collaboration Center, Kasetklang, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Yuko Uchida
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan; Thailand-Japan Zoonotic Diseases Collaboration Center, Kasetklang, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- The Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Kosuke Soda
- The Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Usui
- The Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Ivan Sobolev
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2, Timakova street, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Alexander Shestopalov
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2, Timakova street, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi
- The Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Junki Mine
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan; Thailand-Japan Zoonotic Diseases Collaboration Center, Kasetklang, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- The Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Takehiko Saito
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan; Thailand-Japan Zoonotic Diseases Collaboration Center, Kasetklang, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagito, Gifu, Gifu 501-1112, Japan.
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