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Chai H, Wei Y, Chen W, Han G, Godspower BO, Liu Y, Dong C, Zhang Z, Li Y. Protection efficacy and the safety of the synergy between modified Bazhen powder and PRRSV modified-live virus vaccine against HP-PRRSV in piglets. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1436426. [PMID: 39161459 PMCID: PMC11331794 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1436426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) poses a significant threat to the global swine industry. Vaccination is a preventive measure against viral infections. However, the use of vaccines in livestock healthcare programs faces the challenge of safety and delayed immune responses. Earlier studies have shown the potential of modified Bazhen powder as an immunomodulator with significant biological properties, but its effect on vaccines against HP-PRRSV is yet to be studied. This study elucidated how modified Bazhen powder could improve the safety and efficacy of the conventional PRRSV vaccine by evaluating T-cell responses, antibody levels, clinical symptoms, levels of viremia, organ health, and cytokine production. The results revealed that the oral application of modified Bazhen powder in combination with PRRS vaccination improved both cellular and humoral immunity, accelerated viremia clearance, improved lung injury scores, and reduced viral load in the tonsils. The modified Bazhen powder also effectively reduced inflammatory responses following a PRRSV challenge. These findings further highlight the pharmacological properties of modified Bazhen powder as a potential oral immunomodulatory agent that could enhance vaccine efficacy and ensure broad-spectrum protection against HP-PRRSV in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanru Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenguang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guorui Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bello-Onaghise Godspower
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Yanyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunliu Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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2
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Liu B, Zheng X, Sun X, Wan B, Dong J, Zhou Z, Nan Y, Wu C. Characterization of in vitro viral neutralization targets of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) in alveolar macrophage and evaluation of protection potential against HP-PRRSV challenged based on combination of HP-PRRSV-structure proteins in vitro. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110035. [PMID: 38484577 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) poses a significant threat to the global pork industry, resulting in substantial economic losses. Current control measures rely on modified live virus (MLV) vaccines with safety concerns. However, the lack of consensus on protective PRRSV antigens is impeding the development of effective and safety subunit vaccines. In this study, we conducted in vitro virus neutralization (VN) assays in MARC-145 and CRL-2843CD163/CD169 cell lines and primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) to systemically identify PRRSV structural proteins (SPs) recognized by virus-neutralizing antibodies in hyperimmune serum collected from piglets infected with highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV). Additionally, piglets immunized with different combinations of recombinant PRRSV-SPs were challenged with HP-PRRSV to evaluate their in vivo protection potential. Intriguingly, different in vitro VN activities of serum antibodies elicited by each PRRSV SP were observed depending on the cell type used in the VN assay. Notably, antibodies specific for GP3, GP4, and M exhibited highest in vitro VN activities in PAMs, correlating with complete protection (100% survival) against HP-PRRSV challenge in vivo after immunization of piglets with combination of GP3, GP4, M and N (GP3/GP4/M/N). Further analysis of lung pathology, weight gain, and viremia post-challenge revealed that the combination of GP3/GP4/M/N provided superior protective efficacy against severe infection. These findings underscore the potential of this SP combination to serve as an effective PRRSV subunit vaccine, marking a significant advancement in pork industry disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bingjie Wan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianhui Dong
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Innolever Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhaobin Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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3
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Duan H, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Li Z, Wang X, Zhao J, Nan Y, Liu B, Zhang A, Sun Y, Zhao Q. A nanobody inhibiting porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication via blocking self-interaction of viral nucleocapsid protein. J Virol 2024; 98:e0131923. [PMID: 38084961 PMCID: PMC10804987 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01319-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a serious global pig industry disease. Understanding the mechanism of viral replication and developing efficient antiviral strategies are necessary for combating with PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection. Recently, nanobody is considered to be a promising antiviral drug, especially for respiratory viruses. The present study evaluated two nanobodies against PRRSV nucleocapsid (N) protein (PRRSV-N-Nb1 and -Nb2) for their anti-PRRSV activity in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that intracellularly expressed PRRSV-N-Nb1 significantly inhibited PRRSV-2 replication in MARC-145 cells (approximately 100%). Then, the PRRSV-N-Nb1 fused with porcine IgG Fc (Nb1-pFc) as a delivering tag was produced and used to determine its effect on PRRSV-2 replication in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and pigs. The inhibition rate of Nb1-pFc against PRRSV-2 in PAMs could reach >90%, and it can also inhibit viral replication in vivo. Epitope mapping showed that the motif Serine 105 (S105) in PRRSV-2 N protein was the key amino acid binding to PRRSV-N-Nb1, which is also pivotal for the self-interaction of N protein via binding to Arginine 97. Moreover, viral particles were not successfully rescued when the S105 motif was mutated to Alanine (S105A). Attachment, entry, genome replication, release, docking model analysis, and blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that the binding of PRRSV-N-Nb1 to N protein could block its self-binding, which prevents the viral replication of PRRSV. PRRSV-N-Nb1 may be a promising drug to counter PRRSV-2 infection. We also provided some new insights into the molecular basis of PRRSV N protein self-binding and assembly of viral particles.IMPORTANCEPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes serious economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, and there are no highly effective strategies for prevention. Nanobodies are considered a promising novel approach for treating diseases because of their ease of production and low costing. Here, we showed that PRRSV-N-Nb1 against PRRSV-N protein significantly inhibited PRRSV-2 replication in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the motif Serine 105 (S105) in PRRSV-N protein was the key amino acid to interact with PRRSV-N-Nb1 and bond to its motif R97, which is important for the self-binding of N protein. The PRRSV-N-Nb1 could block the self-interaction of N protein following viral assembly. These findings not only provide insights into the molecular basis of PRRSV N protein self-binding as a key factor for viral replication for the first time but also highlight a novel target for the development of anti-PRRSV replication drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Duan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihan Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiakai Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Li C, Li S, Li S, Qiu M, Lin H, Sun Z, Qiu Y, Qi W, Feng B, Li J, Zheng W, Yu X, Tian K, Shang S, Fan K, Zhu J, Chen N. Efficacy of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV-1) natural recombinant against a heterologous PRRSV-1 isolate both clustered within the subgroup of BJEU06-1-like isolates. Vet Microbiol 2023; 285:109847. [PMID: 37625255 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV-1) has been prevalent in more than 20 provinces of China. However, no PRRSV-1-specific vaccine is commercially available in China. To evaluate the feasibility of using a low virulent PRRSV-1 isolate against potential outbreaks caused by virulent Chinese PRRSV-1 isolates, here we evaluated the efficacy of a low virulent PRRSV-1 HLJB1 strain isolated in 2014 as live vaccine against a virulent PRRSV-1 SD1291 strain isolated in 2022. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis showed that both HLJB1 and SD1291 were grouped within BJEU06-1-like isolates. However, they shared only 85.27% genomic similarity. Piglet inoculation and challenge study showed that HLJB1 inoculation could reduce viremia but did not significantly alleviate clinical signs and tissue lesions. Virus neutralization test indicated that HLJB1 inoculation could induce homologous neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) but no heterologous NAbs at 42 dpi. In addition, flow cytometric analyses showed that no memory T follicular helper (Tfh) cells against SD1291 and SD1291-specific IFN-γ secreting cells were induced by HLJB1 pre-inoculation. These results supported that HLJB1 inoculation only provides partial cross-protection against SD1291 infection even though they are clustered within the same PRRSV-1 subgroup, which is closely related to the failure in conferring cross-protective adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yuejia Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenhao Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Binghui Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jixiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wanglong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiuling Yu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shaobin Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kewei Fan
- Longyan University and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou 225009, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of animal pathogen infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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5
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Ju X, Yu Y, Ren W, Dong L, Meng X, Deng H, Nan Y, Ding Q. The PRMT5/WDR77 complex restricts hepatitis E virus replication. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011434. [PMID: 37276230 PMCID: PMC10270597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the main pathogenic agents of acute hepatitis in the world. The mechanism of HEV replication, especially host factors governing HEV replication is still not clear. Here, using HEV ORF1 trans-complementation cell culture system and HEV replicon system, combining with stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and mass spectrometry (MS), we aimed to identify the host factors regulating HEV replication. We identified a diversity of host factors associated with HEV ORF1 protein, which were putatively responsible for viral genomic RNA replication, in these two cell culture models. Of note, the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5)/WDR77 complex was identified in both cell culture models as the top hit. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PRMT5 and WDR77 can specifically inhibit HEV replication, but not other viruses such as HCV or SARS-CoV-2, and this inhibition is conserved among different HEV strains and genotypes. Mechanistically, PRMT5/WDR77 can catalyse methylation of ORF1 on its R458, impairing its replicase activity, and virus bearing R458K mutation in ORF1 relieves the restriction of PRMT5/WDR77 accordingly. Taken together, our study promotes more comprehensive understanding of viral infections but also provides therapeutic targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ju
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanying Yu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlin Ren
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dong
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbin Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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6
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Ji Q, Qu G, Liu B, Bai Y, Wang G, Chen R, Zheng X, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Wu C. Evaluation of porcine GM-CSF during PRRSV infection in vitro and in vivo indicating a protective role of GM-CSF related with M1 biased activation in alveolar macrophage during PRRSV infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967338. [PMID: 36341451 PMCID: PMC9627285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), participates in diverse biological processes associated with innate and adaptive immunity, has unknown effects during PRRSV infection. Here, a double-antibody sandwich ELISA for pGM-CSF was developed in-house for evaluation of pGM-CSF level during PRRSV infection both in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro assay, it was notable that PRRSV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) yielded inconsistent pGM-CSF protein- and mRNA-level, suggesting a post-transcriptional inhibition of pGM-CSF mRNA was employed by PRRSV. Meanwhile, concurrent analysis of pGM-CSF levels in serum samples from PRRSV-infected piglets suggested that effect of PRRSV infection demonstrated minimum effect on pGM-CSF levels regardless of PRRSV virulence phenotypes. Moreover, in vitro treatment of PAMs with pGM-CSF prior PRRSV inoculation did not inhibit PRRSV replication in PAMs although genes downstream of pGM-CSF in PAMs could be upregulated by pGM-CSF treatment. Meanwhile, knockdown of pGM-CSF using siRNA did not enhance PRRSV replication as well. Intriguingly, therapeutic antibody treatment of HP-PRRSV-infected piglets led to significantly increased serum pGM-CSF levels, thus aligning with low pneumonia incidence and low intracellular PRRSV-RNA levels in PAMs of therapeutic antibody treated piglets. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of PAMs from infected piglets revealed increased serum pGM-CSF levels correlated with activation of downstream signal of pGM-CSF in PAMs as evidenced by a M1-like phenotypes of gene expression pattern, implying a potential host-protective role played by pGM-CSF for PRRSV infection in vivo. In conclusion, our results demonstrated developments of a highly sensitive and specific ELISA for pGM-CSF and revealed a potential protective role conferred by pGM-CSF during PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ji
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Guanggang Qu
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Yang Bai
- College of Life Science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Weinan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Weinan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Innolever Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangling, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
| | - Yonglin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yonglin Yang, ; Chunyan Wu,
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Yonglin Yang, ; Chunyan Wu,
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7
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Chen R, Liu B, Zhang X, Qin M, Dong J, Gu G, Wu C, Wang J, Nan Y. A porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-specific IgM as a novel adjuvant for an inactivated PRRSV vaccine improves protection efficiency and enhances cell-mediated immunity against heterologous PRRSV challenge. Vet Res 2022; 53:65. [PMID: 35986391 PMCID: PMC9389807 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current strategies for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) control are inadequate and mainly restricted to immunization using different PRRS virus (PPRSV) vaccines. Although there are no safety concerns, the poor performance of inactivated PRRSV vaccines has restricted their practical application. In this research, we employed the novel PRRSV-specific IgM monoclonal antibody (Mab)-PR5nf1 as a vaccine adjuvant for the formulation of a cocktail composed of inactivated PRRSV (KIV) and Mab-PR5nf1 along with a normal adjuvant to enhance PRRSV-KIV vaccine-mediated protection and further compared it with a normal KIV vaccine and modified live virus vaccine (MLV). After challenge with highly pathogenic (HP)-PRRSV, our results suggested that the overall survival rate (OSR) and cell-mediated immunity (CMI), as determined by serum IFN-γ quantification and IFN-γ ELISpot assay, were significantly improved by adding PRRSV-specific IgM to the PRRSV-KIV vaccine. It was also notable that both the OSR and CMI in the Mab-PR5nf1-adjuvanted KIV group were even higher than those in the MLV group, whereas the CMI response is normally poorly evoked by KIV vaccines or subunit vaccines. Compared with those in piglets immunized with the normal KIV vaccine, viral shedding and serum neutralizing antibody levels were also improved, and reduced viral shedding appeared to be a result of enhanced CMI caused by the inclusion of IgM as an adjuvant. In conclusion, our data provide not only a new formula for the development of an effective PRRSV-KIV vaccine for practical use but also a novel method for improving antigen-specific CMI induction by inactivated vaccines and subunit vaccines.
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8
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Huang Q, Yang H, Yang D, Hao Y, Yu S, Guo Z, Tian L, Cai X, Huang B, Zhang A, Wang G, Du T. A synthetic toll-like receptor 7 agonist inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication in piglets. Vet Microbiol 2022; 271:109475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Li J, Li S, Qiu M, Li X, Li C, Feng B, Lin H, Zheng W, Zhu J, Chen N. Minor and major envelope proteins of PRRSV play synergistic roles in inducing heterologous neutralizing antibodies and conferring cross protection. Virus Res 2022; 315:198789. [PMID: 35487365 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates is a major obstacle for the development of effective PRRS vaccines. A chimeric highly pathogenic PRRSV2 (HP-PRRSV2) strain containing the consensus sequence of ORF2-6 genes was constructed in our previous study, which could induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and confer satisfied cross protection against virulent NADC30-like isolate. To further elucidate the roles of minor and major envelope proteins encoded by ORF2-4 and ORF5-6 genes in conferring cross protection, two chimeric HP-PRRSV2 strains (rJS-ORF2-4-CON and rJS-ORF5-6-CON) containing consensus sequences of ORF2-4 or ORF5-6 were constructed and rescued in this study. The rJS-ORF5-6-CON strain has similar replication efficiency as the backbone HP-PRRSV2 rJSTZ1712-12 virus, while rJS-ORF2-4-CON has significantly lower in vitro and in vivo replication efficiency comparing to rJS-ORF5-6-CON. Animal inoculation indicated that both rJS-ORF2-4-CON and rJS-ORF5-6-CON did not cause obvious clinical signs in piglets and could induce heterologous nAbs after immunization. Challenge with a virulent heterologous NADC30-like SD17-38 isolate showed that even though both immunized groups presented lower viremia, faster virus elimination, less fever and alleviated lung gross lesions when compared with the only challenged pigs, rJS-ORF2-4-CON and rJS-ORF5-6-CON could not confer enough cross protection. Considering the bnAbs and satisfied cross protection induced by the chimeric virus containing ORF2-6 consensus sequence, our results support that minor and major envelope proteins play synergistic roles in inducing broader nAbs and conferring better cross protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xinshuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Binghui Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Wanglong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratories of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratories of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratories of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Zhao J, Zhang R, Zhu L, Deng H, Li F, Xu L, Huan J, Sun X, Xu Z. Establishment of a peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies against PRRSV M protein. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:355. [PMID: 34798885 PMCID: PMC8602981 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically devastating diseases affecting the swine industry globally. Evaluation of antibody responses and neutralizing antibody titers is the most effective method for vaccine evaluation. In this study, the B cell line epitopes of PRRSV M protein were predicted, and two peptide ELISA assays were established (M-A110-129 ELISA, M-A148-174 ELISA) to detect antibodies against PRRSV M protein. Field serum samples collected from pig farms were used to validate the peptide ELISA and compare it with an indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of M-A110-129 ELISA and M-A148-174 ELISA were (111/125) 88.80%, (69/70) 98.57% and (122/125) 97.60%, (70/70) 100%, relative to indirect immunofluorescence assay. This peptide ELISA could detect antibodies against different genotypes of PRRSV including type 1 PRRSV, classical PRRSV, HP-PRRSV, and NADC30 like PRRSV, but not antibodies against other common swine viruses. The results of ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the M-A110-129 ELISA and M-A148-174 ELISA were 0.967 and 0.996, respectively. Compared the concordance of results using two peptide ELISA assays, the IDEXX PRRSV X3 Ab ELISA and a virus neutralization test, were assessed using a series of 147 sera from pigs vaccinated with the NADC30-like PRRSV inactivated vaccine. The M-A148-174 ELISA had the best consistency, with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.8772. The concordance rates of the Hipra PRRSV ELISA kit, M-A110-129 ELISA and M-A148-174 ELISA in the field seropositive detection results were 91.08, 86.32 and 95.35%, relative to indirect immunofluorescence assay. CONCLUSIONS In summary, compared with M-A110-129 ELISA, the PRRSV M-A148-174 ELISA is of value for detecting antibodies against PRRSV and the evaluation of the NADC30-like PRRSV inactivated vaccine, but the advantage is insufficient in serological early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Rubo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fengqing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, 615000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianbo Huan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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