1
|
Wu J, Wan Z, Qian K, Shao H, Ye J, Qin A. The amino acid variation at hemagglutinin sites 145, 153, 164 and 200 modulate antigenicity andreplication of H9N2 avian influenza virus. Vet Microbiol 2024; 296:110188. [PMID: 39018942 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV), one of the predominant subtypes circulating in the poultry industry, inflicts substantial economic damage. Mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins of H9N2 frequently alter viral antigenicity and replication. In this paper, we analyzed the HA genetic sequences and antigenic properties of 26 H9N2 isolates obtained from chickens in China between 2012 and 2019. The results showed that these H9N2 viruses all belonged to h9.4.2.5, and were divided into two clades. We assessed the impact of amino acid substitutions at HA sites 145, 149, 153, 164, 167, 168, and 200 on antigenicity, and found that a mutation at site 164 significantly modified antigenic characteristics. Amino acid variations at sites 145, 153, 164 and 200 affected virus's hemagglutination and the growth kinetics in mammalian cells. These results underscore the critical need for ongoing surveillance of the H9N2 virus and provide valuable insights for vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsen Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Zhimin Wan
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-Natour MQ, Rohaim MA, El Naggar RF, Abdelsabour MA, Afify AF, Madbouly YM, Munir M. Respiratory disease complex due to mixed viral infections in chicken in Jordan. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103565. [PMID: 38417340 PMCID: PMC10907842 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The global distribution of avian respiratory viruses highlights the need for effective surveillance programs and international collaboration to monitor viral circulation and implement timely control measures. In the current study, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of avian respiratory viral infections in the poultry flocks in Jordan, focusing on the major viruses involved, their epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and evolution based on viroinformatics that will be helpful to improve the diagnostic methods, and control strategies including vaccines in the region. In this research, various poultry broiler groups in Jordan experiencing respiratory symptoms were tested for respiratory viral pathogens from January 2021 to February 2022. The mortality rates observed in the examined groups varied between 6% and 40%. The identified strains were authenticated using the RT-qPCR assay. Furthermore, they underwent in-depth characterisation through the sequencing of the complete spike (S1) gene for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and the haemagglutinin (HA) gene for avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2. Co-infection of IBV and AIV H9N2 viruses was detected through molecular analysis. The IBV strains showed affiliation with the variant groups GI-16 (3 strains) and GI-23 (9 strains) and exhibited numerous mutations. Meanwhile, H9N2 avian influenza viruses displayed various changes in amino acids within the HA gene, suggesting the influence of antibody-driven selection pressure. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H9N2 viruses identified in this investigation shared close genetic ties with EG3 (3 strains) and the Middle East group (ME1; 8 strains). These strains have been recently found in Jordan and nearby countries in the Middle East. Moreover, their HA genes exhibited similarities to viruses belonging to the G1-like lineage. In conclusion, avian respiratory viral infections remain a significant concern for the poultry industry, requiring constant vigilance and proactive measures to minimise their impact. Continued surveillance, robust diagnostic methods, effective vaccines, and international cooperation are essential components of a comprehensive approach to combat avian respiratory viral infections (AI, IBV, ND and ILT 'viruses) and safeguard avian health and global poultry production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Q Al-Natour
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, United Kingdom; Department of Veterinary Pathology & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed A Rohaim
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, United Kingdom; Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Rania F El Naggar
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Abdelsabour
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Afify
- Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Yahia M Madbouly
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo 11435, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amin F, Mukhtar N, Ali M, Shehzad R, Ayub S, Aslam A, Sheikh AA, Sultan B, Mahmood MD, Shahid MF, Yaqub S, Aslam HB, Aziz MW, Yaqub T. Mapping Genetic Markers Associated with Antigenicity and Host Range in H9N2 Influenza A Viruses Infecting Poultry in Pakistan. Avian Dis 2024; 68:43-51. [PMID: 38687107 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to map the genetic diversity in the haemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the H9N2 subtype. Twenty-five H9N2 IAVs were isolated from broiler chickens from March to July 2019. The HA gene was amplified, and phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the evolutionary relationship. Important antigenic amino acid residues of HA attributed to immune escape and zoonotic potential were compared among H9N2 IAVs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that sublineage B2 under the G1 lineage in Pakistan was found to be diversified, and newly sequenced H9N2 isolates were nested into two clades (A and B). Mutations linked to the antigenic variation and potential immune escape were observed as G72E (1/25, 4%), A180T (3/25, 12%), and A180V (1/25, 4%). A twofold significant reduction (P < 0.01) in log2 hemagglutination inhibition titers was observed with H9N2 IAV naturally harboring amino acid V180 instead of A180 in HA protein. Moreover, in the last 20 years, complete substitution at residues (T127D, D135N, and L150N) and partial substitution at residues (72, 74, 131, 148, 180, 183, 188, 216, 217, and 249, mature H9 HA numbering) associated with changes in antigenicity were observed. The presence of L216 in all H9N2 IAV isolates and T/V180 in four isolates in the receptor-binding site reveals the potential of these viruses to cross the species barrier to infect human or mammals. The current study observed the circulation of antigenically diverse H9N2 IAV variants that possess potential mutations that can escape the host immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Amin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Grand Parent Laboratory, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Mukhtar
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muzaffar Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rehman Shehzad
- Grand Parent Laboratory, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Saima Ayub
- Institute of Public Health, Lahore 54610, Pakistan
| | - Asim Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Ahmed Sheikh
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Furqan Shahid
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Saima Yaqub
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hassaan Bin Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqar Aziz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Yaqub
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al Farroukh M, Kiseleva I, Stepanova E, Bazhenova E, Krutikova E, Tkachev A, Chistyakova A, Rekstin A, Puchkova L, Rudenko L. The Effect of Mice Adaptation Process on the Pathogenicity of Influenza A/South Africa/3626/2013 (H1N1)pdm09 Model Strain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17386. [PMID: 38139214 PMCID: PMC10743444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus strain A/South Africa/3626/2013 (H1N1)pdm09 (SA-WT) is a non-mouse-adapted model strain that has naturally high pathogenic properties in mice. It has been suggested that the high pathogenicity of this strain for mice could be due to the three strain-specific substitutions in the polymerase complex (Q687R in PB1, N102T in PB2, and E358E/K heterogeneity in PB2). To evaluate the role of these replacements, SA-WT was passaged five times in mouse lungs, and the genome of the mouse-adapted version of the SA-WT strain (SA-M5) was sequenced. SA-M5 lost E358E/K heterogeneity and retained E358, which is the prevalent amino acid at this position among H1N1pdm09 strains. In addition, in the hemagglutinin of SA-M5, two heterogeneous substitutions (G155G/E and S190S/R) were identified. Both viruses, SA-M5 and SA-WT, were compared for their toxicity, ability to replicate, pathogenicity, and immunogenicity in mice. In mice infected with SA-M5 or SA-WT strains, toxicity, virus titer in pulmonary homogenates, and mouse survival did not differ significantly. In contrast, an increase in the immunogenicity of SA-M5 compared to SA-WT was observed. This increase could be due to the substitutions G155G/E and S190S/R in the HA of SA-M5. The prospects for using SA-M5 in studying the immunogenicity mechanisms were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Farroukh
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia;
| | - Irina Kiseleva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Stepanova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Bazhenova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Elena Krutikova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Artem Tkachev
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia;
| | - Anna Chistyakova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Andrey Rekstin
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Ludmila Puchkova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang M, Fang C, Ma Y. Deciphering the rule of antigen-antibody amino acid interaction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1269916. [PMID: 38111576 PMCID: PMC10725943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Antigenic drift is the biggest challenge for mutagenic RNA virus vaccine development. The primary purpose is to determine the IEMM (immune escape mutation map) of 20 amino acids' replacement to reveal the rule of the viral immune escape. Methods To determine the relationship between epitope mutation and immune escape, we use universal protein tags as a linear epitope model. To describe and draw amino acid linkage diagrams, mutations of protein tags are classified into four categories: IEM (immune escape mutation), ADERM (antibody-dependent enhancement risk mutation), EQM (equivalent mutation), and IVM (invalid mutation). To overcome the data limitation, a general antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) interaction map was constructed by analyzing the published three-dimensional (3D) Ag-Ab interaction patterns. Results (i) One residue interacts with multiple amino acids in antigen-antibody interaction. (ii) Most amino acid replacements are IVM and EQM. (iii) Once aromatic amino acids replace non-aromatic amino acids, the mutation is often IEM. (iv) Substituting residues with the same physical and chemical properties easily leads to IVM. Therefore, this study has important theoretical significance for future research on antigenic drift, antibody rescue, and vaccine renewal design. Conclusion The antigenic epitope mutations were typed into IEM, ADERM, EQM, and IVM types to describe and quantify the results of antigenic mutations. The antigen-antibody interaction rule was summarized as a one-to-many interaction rule. To sum up, the epitope mutation rules were defined as IVM and EQM predomination rules and the aryl mutation escape rule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yongping Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Basical Medical Collage, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Z, Peng C, Chen L, Wang P, Wang F. Construction and Immunogenicity Evaluation of Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Expressing HA1 Protein of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:25. [PMID: 38040977 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The H9N2 subtype of the avian influenza virus (AIV) is one of the main subtypes of low pathogenic AIV, and it seriously affects the poultry breeding industry. Currently, vaccination is still one of China's main strategies for controlling H9N2 avian influenza. In this study, we selected MW548848.1 on the current popular main branch h9.4.2.5 as the reference strain, and we optimized the amino acid sequence of HA1 to make it suitable for expression in Bacillus subtilis. The B. subtilis expression vector showed good safety and stress resistance; therefore, this study constructed a recombinant B. subtilis expressing H9N2 HA1 protein and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice. The following results were obtained: the sIgA level of HA1 protein in small intestine fluid and the IgG level of PHT43-HA1/B. subtilis in serum were significantly improved (P < 0.01); PHT43-HA1/B. subtilis can cause a special immune response in mice; and cytokine detection interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (P < 0.05) and Interleukin 2 (IL-2) (P < 0.01) expressions significantly increased. Additionally, the study found that PHT43-HA1/B. subtilis can alleviate the attack of H9N2 AIV in the spleen, lungs, and small intestine of mice. This study was the first to use an oral recombinant B. subtilis-HA1 vaccine candidate, and it provides theoretical data and technical reference for the creation of a new live vector vaccine against H9N2 AIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Li
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Chong Peng
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang J, Li Q, Zhu R, Xu S, Wang S, Shi H, Liu X. Loss of amino acids 67-76 in the neuraminidase protein under antibody selection pressure alters the tropism, transmissibility and innate immune response of H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109832. [PMID: 37473515 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
H9N2 virus has become the most widespread subtype of avian influenza in Chinese poultry. Although many studies have been published on this disease, the pathogenesis of the H9N2 virus remains to be fully understood. In our previous work, we identified 44 viral strains with 67-76 amino acid deletions in the neuraminidase protein (NA∆67-76) from trachea and lung tissues after 20 successive generations in vaccinated chickens. Interestingly, these 10 amino acid deletions are located in the stalk of the NA protein, and all mutations were unique to the viruses under the selection pressure of vaccine antibodies. To investigate the effect of NA∆67-76 on the H9N2 virus, the NA∆67-76 deletion mutant (rF/NAΔ67-76) was constructed in the H9N2 virus A/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98 (F/98) to assess the phenotypic changes between the parental and mutant strains. The results showed that the recombinant virus rF/NAΔ67-76 had no significantly effect on the antigenicity of the virus or on the infectivity of the host cells, but it significantly inhibited the release of virions from host cells. In addition, rF/NAΔ67-76 efficiently enhanced the neuraminidase activity and improved the receptor binding ability of the virus, indicating that the influence of receptor binding ability on the rF/NAΔ67-76 virus is much greater than that of neuraminidase activity. Furthermore, this study revealed that rF/NAΔ67-76 reduced the viral replication ability at 6 and 12 h post-infection, but improved it at 24, 48, and 72 h post-infection. Chicken experiments showed that rF/NAΔ67-76 exhibits a much higher tissue tropism for the trachea rather than lung tissue. rF/NAΔ67-76 still had the ability to infect the upper respiratory tract through aerosol, but its cloaca replication capacity was significantly reduced. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that rF/NAΔ67-76 could produce a stronger innate immune response after infecting cells and chickens, especially significantly enhancing the transcription levels of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR21, MDA5, and NLRP3. Altogether, the results of this study propose that antibody selection pressure plays an important role in the evolution of H9N2 avian influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shunshun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Ning X, Xu Y, Wang R, Guo X, Xu J, Guo J, Ma Q, Li H, Niu D, Liu Y, Mao N, Zhu Z. Etiological Study of Acute Conjunctivitis Caused by Human Adenovirus in Shanxi Province, China, between 2016 and 2019. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0015923. [PMID: 37486235 PMCID: PMC10434163 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00159-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is the primary cause of acute conjunctivitis. To improve our understanding of the etiology of adenoviral conjunctivitis, ocular samples were collected from 160 conjunctivitis cases in the Shanxi province of northern China between 2016 and 2019. Through preliminary identification, virus isolation, and type identification, a total of 63 HAdV isolates were obtained from the samples. Three species and seven types (HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-8, HAdV-37, HAdV-53, HAdV-64, and HAdV-85) were detected, with HAdV-64, HAdV-3, and HAdV-8 being the predominant types in 2016, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Further phylogenetic analysis indicated the relative genomic stability of seven HAdV-type strains, except for 4 HAdV-3 strains in 2018 with a novel amino acid insertion site (Pro) between P19 and S20 in the penton base gene. It is worth noting that the genomes of two Shanxi HAdV-85 strains from 2016 were almost identical to those of previously reported HAdV-85 strains that circulated in Japan in 2014 to 2018. China was the second country to sample and isolate HAdV-85, suggesting that HAdV-85 might be underreported as an ocular pathogen. Data obtained in this study provide valuable information on the prevalence of acute conjunctivitis caused by HAdV. IMPORTANCE HAdV types in cases of conjunctivitis in Shanxi province, China, in 2016 to 2019 showed evident diversity, with seven types (HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-8, HAdV-37, HAdV-53, HAdV-64, and HAdV-85) being identified, and relative genome stability of these viruses was observed. In addition, China was the second country to sample and isolate HAdV-85, which suggests that HAdV-85 might be underreported as an important pathogen associated with ocular infections. These results enhance the understanding of the etiology of adenoviral conjunctivitis and may aid in the development of prevention and control strategies for HAdV-related ocular infections in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Wang
- Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Ning
- Comprehensive Inspection Section, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihong Xu
- Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiane Guo
- Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Ma
- Comprehensive Inspection Section, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Niu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Naiying Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Begum JA, Hossain I, Nooruzzaman M, King J, Chowdhury EH, Harder TC, Parvin R. Experimental Pathogenicity of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Harboring a Tri-Basic Hemagglutinin Cleavage Site in Sonali and Broiler Chickens. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020461. [PMID: 36851676 PMCID: PMC9967266 DOI: 10.3390/v15020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 virus is endemic in Bangladesh, causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry. Although a considerable number of Bangladeshi LPAI H9N2 viruses have been molecularly characterized, there is inadequate information on the pathogenicity of H9N2 viruses in commercial poultry. In this study, circulating LPAI H9N2 viruses from recent field outbreaks were characterized, and their pathogenicity in commercial Sonali (crossbred) and broiler chickens was assessed. Phylogenetic analysis of currently circulating field viruses based on the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences revealed continuous circulation of G1 lineages containing the tri-basic hemagglutinin cleavage site (HACS) motif (PAKSKR*GLF) at the HA protein. Both the LPAI susceptible Sonali and broiler chickens were infected with selected H9N2 isolates A/chicken/Bangladesh/2458-LT2/2020 or A/chicken/Bangladesh/2465-LT56/2021 using intranasal (100 µL) and intraocular (100 µL) routes with a dose of 106 EID50/mL. Infected groups (LT_2-So1 and LT_56-So2; LT_2-Br1 and LT_56-Br2) revealed no mortality or clinical signs. However, at gross and histopathological investigation, the trachea, lungs, and intestine of the LT_2-So1 and LT_56-So2 groups displayed mild to moderate hemorrhages, congestion, and inflammation at different dpi. The LT 2-Br1 and LT 56-Br2 broiler groups showed nearly identical changes in the trachea, lungs, and intestine at various dpi, indicating no influence on pathogenicity in the two commercial bird species under study. Overall, the prominent lesions were observed up to 7 dpi and started to disappear at 10 dpi. The H9N2 viruses predominantly replicated in the respiratory tract, and higher titers of virus were shed through the oropharyngeal route than the cloacal route. Finally, this study demonstrated the continuous evolution of tri-basic HACS containing H9N2 viruses in Bangladesh with a low-pathogenic phenotype causing mild to moderate tracheitis, pneumonia, and enteritis in Sonali and commercial broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Ara Begum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hossain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jacqueline King
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Timm C. Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Application of Pseudotyped Viruses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1407:45-60. [PMID: 36920691 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0113-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic emerging and reemerging viruses have serious public health and socioeconomic implications. Although conventional live virus research methods can more reliably investigate disease pathogenicity and evaluate antiviral products, they usually depend on high-level biosafety laboratories and skilled researchers; these requirements hinder in vitro assessments of efficacy, as well as efforts to test vaccines and antibody drugs. In contrast, pseudotyped viruses (i.e., single-round infectious viruses that mimic the membrane structures of various live viruses) are widely used in studies of highly pathogenic viruses because they can be handled in biosafety level 2 facilities. This chapter provides a concise overview of various aspects of pseudotyped virus technologies, including (1) exploration of the mechanisms of viral infection; (2) evaluation of the efficacies of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies based on pseudovirion-based neutralization assay; (3) assessment of antiviral agents (i.e., antibody-based drugs and inhibitors); (4) establishment of animal models of pseudotyped virus infection in vivo; (5) investigation of the evolution, infectivity, and antigenicity of viral variants and viral glycosylation; and (6) prediction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Li P, Niu M, Li Y, Xu M, Zhao T, Cao X, Liang C, Wang Y, Li Y, Xiao C. Human infection with H3N8 avian influenza virus: A novel H9N2-original reassortment virus. J Infect 2022; 85:e187-e189. [PMID: 36058414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peidong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China; Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingguo Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhe Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chencheng Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Z, Cai J, Hao S, Li C, Chen J, Li T, Feng X. Transcriptomic analysis of spleen B cell revealed the molecular basis of bursopentin on B cell differentiation. Vet Res 2022; 53:109. [PMID: 36517897 PMCID: PMC9753308 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The bursa of Fabricius, the acknowledged humoral immune organ unique to birds, plays a vital role in B cell development. Bursopentin (BP5) derived from the bursa is reported to induce the development and formation of B cells. However, the mechanism of BP5 on B cell differentiation is still unclear. In this paper, total B lymphocytes from mice immunized with H9N2 subtype AIV vaccine were stimulated with BP5. The results show that BP5 at the experimental dosages promoted B cell differentiation, including the total B cells, activated B cells, differentiated B cells, mature B cells and plasma cells. Then, the in vivo immune experiment proved that the percentages of activated and differentiated B cells from mice immunized with AIV vaccine and 0.25 mg/mL BP5 were increased. To investigate the molecular mechanism of BP5 on B cell differentiation, the gene expression profiles of B cells purified from the spleen cells of mice immunized with AIV vaccine and BP5 were detected following RNA sequencing technology. The results show that BP5 at 0.05 and 0.25 mg/mL induced the enrichment of various biological functions, and stimulated five common significant enrichment pathways in B cells from the immunized mice. Additionally, 120 and 59 differentially expressed genes (DEG) represented transcriptional factors in B cells following 0.05 and 0.25 mg/mL BP5 immunization, respectively. In summary, these results suggest that BP5 regulates various gene expression involved in regulation of B cell development, which provides the knowledge required for additional studies on B cell differentiation in response to bursal-derived peptides and also provides an important experimental basis for improving vaccine immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jiaxi Cai
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shanshan Hao
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chenfei Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Tongtong Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiuli Feng
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China’s Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu R, Xu S, Sun W, Li Q, Wang S, Shi H, Liu X. Correction: HA gene amino acid mutations contribute to antigenic variation and immune escape of H9N2 influenza virus. Vet Res 2022; 53:112. [PMID: 36536473 PMCID: PMC9764737 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 China ,grid.496829.80000 0004 1759 4669Present Address: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300 Jiangsu China
| | - Shunshun Xu
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Wangyangji Sun
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Quan Li
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880 USA
| | - Huoying Shi
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 China ,grid.268415.cJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| |
Collapse
|