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Cai J, Liu Y, Qian C, Gao Y, Zhao S, Ma Y, Xiang X, Xu J, Zhang F, Li M, Xu H, Li Q, Li C, Lin Y, Xia B, Cui A, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Mao N. Genetic characterization of pediatric SARI-associated human adenoviruses in eight Chinese provinces during 2017-2021. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29618. [PMID: 38639293 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a significant viral pathogen causing severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) in children. To improve the understanding of type distribution and viral genetic characterization of HAdV in severe cases, this study enrolled 3404 pediatric SARI cases from eight provinces of China spanning 2017-2021, resulting in the acquisition of 112 HAdV strains. HAdV-type identification, based on three target genes (penton base, hexon, and fiber), confirmed the diversity of HAdV types in SARI cases. Twelve types were identified, including species B (HAdV-3, 7, 55), species C (HAdV-1, 2, 6, 89, 108, P89H5F5, Px1/Ps3H1F1, Px1/Ps3H5F5), and E (HAdV-4). Among these, HAdV-3 exhibited the highest detection rate (44.6%), followed by HAdV-7 (19.6%), HAdV-1 (12.5%), and HAdV-108 (9.8%). All HAdV-3, 7, 55, 4 in this study belonged to dominant lineages circulating worldwide, and the sequences of the three genes demonstrated significant conservation and stability. Concerning HAdV-C, excluding the novel type Px1/Ps3H1F1 found in this study, the other seven types were detected both in China and abroad, with HAdV-1 and HAdV-108 considered the two main types of HAdV-C prevalent in China. Two recombinant strains, including P89H5F5 and Px1/Ps3H1F1, could cause SARI as a single pathogen, warranting close monitoring and investigation for potential public health implications. In conclusion, 5 years of SARI surveillance in China provided crucial insights into HAdV-associated respiratory infections among hospitalized pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Institute of Immunization Program, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingwei Ma
- Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyu Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Maozhong Li
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Baicheng Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Gao Y, Ma Y, Feng D, Zhang F, Wang B, Liu X, Zhu B, Xie H, Zhao L, Long X, Chen Y, Wang B, Jiang J, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Cui A, Xia B, Mao N. Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Parainfluenza Viruses Infections - China, 2019-2023. China CDC Wkly 2024; 6:235-241. [PMID: 38633430 PMCID: PMC11018516 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A retrospective study based on sentinel surveillance was conducted in 10 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in China to enhance the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs). Methods From January 2019 to June 2023, respiratory specimens were collected from individuals with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and screened for four HPIVs serotypes and other common respiratory viruses using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study analyzed the association of HPIVs infections with seasonal patterns, geographical distribution, demographic profiles, clinical features, and co-infection status. Results During the study period, a total of 12,866 ARIs were included. The overall detection rate of HPIVs was 6.15%, varying from 5.04% in 2022 to 9.70% in 2020. The median age of HPIVs-infected patients was 3 years. HPIV2 was more prevalent among individuals aged 5-17 years (42.57%), while HPIV4 was more common in those over 65 years (12.24%). HPIV3 (54.16%) and HPIV1 (27.18%) were the predominant serotypes, and their prevalence exhibited significant seasonal fluctuations post- coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The peak of HPIV3 shifted three months later in 2020 compared to 2019 and returned to a summer peak thereafter. Two peaks of HPIV1 were observed in 2021 following the peak of HPIV3. Additionally, co-infections were frequent in HPIVs cases (overall rate: 22.12%), with human rhinovirus being the most common co-infecting virus. Conclusions The prevalence of HPIVs in China was predominantly due to HPIV3 and HPIV1, and their seasonal patterns were altered by pandemic restrictions. Hence, continuous surveillance of HPIVs is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Yingwei Ma
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Changchun, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Daxing Feng
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Virus Laboratory, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Virus Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Academy for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Linqing Zhao
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoru Long
- Department of Infection, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Shenyang Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Aili Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Baicheng Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
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Guo H, Song Y, Li H, Hu H, Shi Y, Jiang J, Guo J, Cao L, Mao N, Zhang Y. A Mixture of T-Cell Epitope Peptides Derived from Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Protein Conferred Protection in DR1-TCR Tg Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:77. [PMID: 38250890 PMCID: PMC10820450 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) poses a significant disease burden on global health. To date, two vaccines that primarily induce humoral immunity to prevent HRSV infection have been approved, whereas vaccines that primarily induce T-cell immunity have not yet been well-represented. To address this gap, 25 predicted T-cell epitope peptides derived from the HRSV fusion protein with high human leukocyte antigen (HLA) binding potential were synthesized, and their ability to be recognized by PBMC from previously infected HRSV cases was assessed using an ELISpot assay. Finally, nine T-cell epitope peptides were selected, each of which was recognized by at least 20% of different donors' PBMC as potential vaccine candidates to prevent HRSV infection. The protective efficacy of F-9PV, a combination of nine peptides along with CpG-ODN and aluminum phosphate (Al) adjuvants, was validated in both HLA-humanized mice (DR1-TCR transgenic mice, Tg mice) and wild-type (WT) mice. The results show that F-9PV significantly enhanced protection against viral challenge as evidenced by reductions in viral load and pathological lesions in mice lungs. In addition, F-9PV elicits robust Th1-biased response, thereby mitigating the potential safety risk of Th2-induced respiratory disease during HRSV infection. Compared to WT mice, the F-9PV mice exhibited superior protection and immunogenicity in Tg mice, underscoring the specificity for human HLA. Overall, our results demonstrate that T-cell epitope peptides provide protection against HRSV infection in animal models even in the absence of neutralizing antibodies, indicating the feasibility of developing an HRSV T-cell epitope peptide-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (H.G.); (Y.S.); (H.L.); (H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.J.); (J.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Yang Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (H.G.); (Y.S.); (H.L.); (H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.J.); (J.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Hai Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (H.G.); (Y.S.); (H.L.); (H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.J.); (J.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Hongqiao Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (H.G.); (Y.S.); (H.L.); (H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.J.); (J.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Yuqing Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (H.G.); (Y.S.); (H.L.); (H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.J.); (J.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Jie Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (H.G.); (Y.S.); (H.L.); (H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.J.); (J.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Jinyuan Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (H.G.); (Y.S.); (H.L.); (H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.J.); (J.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Lei Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (H.G.); (Y.S.); (H.L.); (H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.J.); (J.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Naiying Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (H.G.); (Y.S.); (H.L.); (H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.J.); (J.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (H.G.); (Y.S.); (H.L.); (H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.J.); (J.G.); (L.C.)
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Zhu L, Mao N, Yi C, Simayi A, Feng J, Feng Y, He M, Ding S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wei M, Hong J, Li C, Tian H, Zhou L, Peng J, Zhang S, Song C, Jin H, Zhu F, Xu W, Zhao J, Bao C. Impact of vaccination on kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by serum live neutralization test based on a prospective cohort. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2146535. [PMID: 36373485 PMCID: PMC9858416 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2146535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
How much the vaccine contributes to the induction and development of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) of breakthrough cases relative to those unvaccinated-infected cases is not fully understood. We conducted a prospective cohort study and collected serum samples from 576 individuals who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain infection, including 245 breakthrough cases and 331 unvaccinated-infected cases. NAbs were analysed by live virus microneutralization test and transformation of NAb titre. NAbs titres against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral and Delta variant in breakthrough cases were 7.8-fold and 4.0-fold higher than in unvaccinated-infected cases, respectively. NAbs titres in breakthrough cases peaked at the second week after onset/infection. However, the NAbs titres in the unvaccinated-infected cases reached their highest levels during the third week. Compared to those with higher levels of NAbs, those with lower levels of NAbs had no difference in viral clearance duration time (P>0.05), did exhibit higher viral load at the beginning of infection/maximum viral load of infection. NAb levels were statistically higher in the moderate cases than in the mild cases (P<0.0001). Notably, in breakthrough cases, NAb levels were highest longer than 4 months after vaccination (Delta strain: 53,118.2 U/mL), and lowest in breakthrough cases shorter than 1 month (Delta strain: 7551.2 U/mL). Cross-neutralization against the ancestral strain and the current circulating isolate (Omicron BA.5) was significantly lower than against the Delta variant in both breakthrough cases and unvaccinated-infected cases. Our study demonstrated that vaccination could induce immune responses more rapidly and greater which could be effective in controlling SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changhua Yi
- Nanjing Infectious Diseases Clinical Medical Center (The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, P.R China
| | - Aidibai Simayi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialu Feng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Min He
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songning Ding
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Wang
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Pople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Pople's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Hong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuchu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiefu Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ci Song
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China, Wenbo Xu NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, Measles Laboratory in National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155# Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- The Third People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Jun Zhao The Third People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changjun Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China,Changjun Bao NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Mao N, Xu YY, Zhang YX, Zhou H, Huang XB, Hou CL, Fan L. Phylogeny and species diversity of the genus Helvella with emphasis on eighteen new species from China. Fungal Syst Evol 2023; 12:111-152. [PMID: 38533478 PMCID: PMC10964050 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2023.12.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Helvella is a widespread, frequently encountered fungal group appearing in forests, but the species diversity and molecular phylogeny of Helvella in China remains incompletely understood. In this work, we performed comprehensive phylogenetic analyses using multilocus sequence data. Six datasets were employed, including a five-locus concatenated dataset (ITS, nrLSU, tef1-α, rpb2, hsp), a two-locus concatenated dataset (ITS, nrLSU), and four single-locus datasets (ITS) that were divided based on the four different phylogenetic clades of Helvella recognized in this study. A total of I 946 sequences were used, of which 713 were newly generated, including 170 sequences of ITS, 174 sequences of nrLSU, 131 sequences of tef1-α, 107 sequences of rpb2 and 131 sequences of hsp. The phylogeny based on the five-locus concatenated dataset revealed that Helvellas. str. is monophyletic and four phylogenetic clades are clearly recognized, i.e., Acetabulum clade, Crispa clade, Elastica clade, and Lacunosa clade. A total of 24 lineages or subclades were recognized, II of which were new, the remaining 13 corresponding with previous studies. Chinese Helvella species are distributed in 22 lineages across four clades. Phylogenetic analyses based on the two-locus concatenated dataset and four single-locus datasets confirmed the presence of at least 93 phylogenetic species in China. Among them, 58 are identified as known species, including a species with a newly designated lectotype and epitype, 18 are newly described in this paper, and the remaining 17 taxa are putatively new to science but remain unnamed due to the paucity or absence of ascomatal materials. In addition, the Helvella species previously recorded in China are discussed. A list of 76 confirmed species, including newly proposed species, is provided. The occurrence of H. crispa and H. elastica are not confirmed although both are commonly recorded in China. Citation: Mao N, Xu YY, Zhang YX, Zhou H, Huang XB, Hou CL, Fan L (2023). Phylogeny and species diversity of the genus Helvella with emphasis on eighteen new species from China. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 12: 111-152. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.12.08.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mao
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Y Y Xu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Y X Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China
| | - H Zhou
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China
| | - X B Huang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China
| | - C L Hou
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China
| | - L Fan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuanbeilu 105, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China
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Wang J, Ning X, Xu Y, Wang R, Guo X, Xu J, Guo J, Ma Q, Li H, Niu D, Liu Y, Mao N, Zhu Z. Etiological Study of Acute Conjunctivitis Caused by Human Adenovirus in Shanxi Province, China, between 2016 and 2019. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0015923. [PMID: 37486235 PMCID: PMC10434163 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00159-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is the primary cause of acute conjunctivitis. To improve our understanding of the etiology of adenoviral conjunctivitis, ocular samples were collected from 160 conjunctivitis cases in the Shanxi province of northern China between 2016 and 2019. Through preliminary identification, virus isolation, and type identification, a total of 63 HAdV isolates were obtained from the samples. Three species and seven types (HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-8, HAdV-37, HAdV-53, HAdV-64, and HAdV-85) were detected, with HAdV-64, HAdV-3, and HAdV-8 being the predominant types in 2016, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Further phylogenetic analysis indicated the relative genomic stability of seven HAdV-type strains, except for 4 HAdV-3 strains in 2018 with a novel amino acid insertion site (Pro) between P19 and S20 in the penton base gene. It is worth noting that the genomes of two Shanxi HAdV-85 strains from 2016 were almost identical to those of previously reported HAdV-85 strains that circulated in Japan in 2014 to 2018. China was the second country to sample and isolate HAdV-85, suggesting that HAdV-85 might be underreported as an ocular pathogen. Data obtained in this study provide valuable information on the prevalence of acute conjunctivitis caused by HAdV. IMPORTANCE HAdV types in cases of conjunctivitis in Shanxi province, China, in 2016 to 2019 showed evident diversity, with seven types (HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-8, HAdV-37, HAdV-53, HAdV-64, and HAdV-85) being identified, and relative genome stability of these viruses was observed. In addition, China was the second country to sample and isolate HAdV-85, which suggests that HAdV-85 might be underreported as an important pathogen associated with ocular infections. These results enhance the understanding of the etiology of adenoviral conjunctivitis and may aid in the development of prevention and control strategies for HAdV-related ocular infections in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Wang
- Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Ning
- Comprehensive Inspection Section, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihong Xu
- Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiane Guo
- Department of Microbiology Test, Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Ma
- Comprehensive Inspection Section, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Niu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Naiying Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Feng Y, Zhu Z, Xu J, Sun L, Zhang H, Xu H, Zhang F, Wang W, Han G, Jiang J, Liu Y, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Mao N, Xu W. Molecular Evolution of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 Based on Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Gene. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0453722. [PMID: 37039701 PMCID: PMC10269610 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04537-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the molecular evolution of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV2), 21 Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) gene sequences covering seven Chinese provinces in 2011 and 2017 to 2021 were combined with 90 published HN sequences worldwide for phylogenetic analysis. The result showed that global HPIV2 could be classified into two distinct clusters (I and II), five lineages (IA to IIE), and four sublineages (IB1 and 2, and IIE1 and 2). The minimum genetic distances between different clusters and lineages were 0.049 and 0.014, respectively. In the last decade, one lineage (IID) and three sublineages (IB1, IB2, and IIE1) have been cocirculating in China, with the sublineages IB2 and IIE1 dominating, while sublineages IB1 and IIE1 are dominant globally. In addition, the spread of HPIV2 had relative spatial clustering, and sublineage IB2 has only been detected in China thus far. The overall evolution rate of HPIV2 was relatively low, on the order of 10-4 substitutions/site/year, except for sublineage IB2 at 10-3 substitutions/site/year. Furthermore, human-animal transmission was observed, suggesting that the HPIV2 might have jumped out of animal reservoirs in approximately 1922, the predicted time of a common ancestor. The entire HN protein was under purifying/negative selection, and the specific amino acid changes and two novel N-glycosylation sites (N316 and N517) in sublineages IB1, IB2, and IIE1 were mostly located in the globular head region of the HN protein. In this study, preliminary evolutionary characteristics of HPIV2 based on the HN gene were obtained, increasing the recognition of the evolution and adaptation of HPIV2. IMPORTANCE The phylogenetic analysis showed that global HPIV2 could be classified into two distinct clusters (I and II) and five lineages (IA to IIE) with at least 0.049 and 0.014 genetic distances between clusters and lineages, respectively. Furthermore, lineages IB and IIE could be further divided into two sublineages (IB1-2 and IIE1-2). All China sequences belong to one lineage and three sublineages (IB1, IB2, IID, and IIE1), among which sublineages IB2 and IIE1 are predominant and cocirculating in China, while sublineages IB1 and IIE1 are dominant globally. The overall evolution rate of HPIV2 is on the order of 10-4 substitutions/site/year, with the highest rate of 2.18 × 10-3 for sublineage IB2. The entire HN protein is under purifying/negative selection, and the specific amino acid substitutions and two novel N-glycosylation sites (N316 and N517) in sublineages IB1, IB2, and IIE1 are mostly located in the globular head region of the HN protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Changchun Children's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Guangyue Han
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Ji
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Song J, Zhu Z, Song J, Mao N, Cui A, Xu W, Zhang Y. Circulation pattern and genetic variation of human respiratory syncytial virus in China during 2008-2021. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28611. [PMID: 36846911 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the circulation pattern and genetic characterization of HRSV in China during 2008-2021, a total of 3,967 HVR2 sequences were obtained from 20 provinces in China for phylogenetic analysis and sequence variation analysis. The results showed that the HRSV subtype presented the prevalence pattern of "ABBAABAABAAABB". Further genotyping identified 7 genotypes for HRSVA and 9 genotypes for HRSVB. Multiple genotypes of HRSV were cocirculating during 2008-2015, while ON1 and BA9 became the only predominant genotypes for HRSVA and HRSVB, respectively, since 2015. A genotype switch from NA1 to ON1 for HRSVA occurred in approximately 2014, while genotype BA9 of HRSVB had been the predominant genotype for at least 14 years. ON1 strains could be divided into four lineages with no temporal or geographical distribution tendency. In contrast, BA9 strains could be divided into three lineages with noticeable temporal clustering. Sequence variation analysis showed that two ON1 sequences in 2017 had 10 nucleotide deletion and compensatory extension at the C-terminal; fifteen BA9 sequences during 2019-2021 had novel insertions between K225 and E226, along with 6 identical amino acid variant sites. This study further enriched the genetic data of HRSV circulating in China and provided an important basis for the development of HRSV vaccines and drugs as well as the formulation of prevention and control strategies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- National health commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory
| | - Zhen Zhu
- National health commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory
| | - Jinhua Song
- National health commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory
| | - Naiying Mao
- National health commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory
| | - Aili Cui
- National health commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National health commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory
| | - Yan Zhang
- National health commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory
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Wang H, Zhu Z, Duan X, Song J, Mao N, Cui A, Wang C, Du H, Wang Y, Li F, Zhou S, Feng D, Li C, Gao H, He J, Li L, Lei Y, Zheng H, Gong T, Hu Y, Xu C, Zhao H, Sun Z, Chen Y, Tang X, Chen M, Deng L, Wang S, Tian X, Zhang T, Si Y, Yuan F, Fan L, Mahemutijiang K, Chen Z, Chen H, Xu W, Zhang Y. Transmission Pattern of Measles Virus Circulating in China During 1993-2021: Genotyping Evidence Supports That China Is Approaching Measles Elimination. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e1140-e1149. [PMID: 36037029 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide useful insights into measles elimination progress in China, measles surveillance data were reviewed, and the transmission patterns of measles viruses circulating in China during 1993-2021 were analyzed. METHODS Measles incidence data from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. A total of 17 570 strains were obtained from 30 of 31 provinces in mainland China during 1993-2021. The recommended genotyping window was amplified. Genotyping analysis was conducted for comparison with the reference strains. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify genetic relationships among different lineages within the genotypes. RESULTS With high coverage of routine immunization and intensive supplementary immunization activities, measles incidence has shown a downward trend since 1993, despite 2 resurgences, reaching a historic low level in 2020-2021 (average 0.5 per million). During 1993-2021, 9 genotypes including domestic genotype H1; imported genotypes B3, D4, D8, D9, D11, G3, and H2; and vaccine-associated genotype A were identified. Among them, the genotype H1 strain circulated endemically in China for more than 25 years; the last strain was detected in Yunnan Province in September 2019. Multiple imported genotypes have been identified since 2009 showing different transmission patterns. Since April 2020, no imported strains have been detected, while vaccine-associated genotype A continues to be detected. CONCLUSIONS The evidence of low incidence during 2020-2021 and virological surveillance data in this study confirm that China is currently approaching measles elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wang
- World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Duan
- World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Song
- World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Cui
- World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changyin Wang
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Du
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Shujie Zhou
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Daxing Feng
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chongshan Li
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jilan He
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqun Li
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Lei
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Tianjin Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Gong
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Changping Xu
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaodan Sun
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ha'erbin, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Deng
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Tian
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Neimenggu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huhehaote, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lixia Fan
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Qinghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China
| | - Kuerban Mahemutijiang
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wulumuqi, China
| | - Zhifei Chen
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- Provincial Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Shao HF, Yang QL, Qu YH, Chi XX, Mao N, Zhang T, Sui XL, Wei HL. Differentiation between atypical sinonasal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and inverted papilloma. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:e22-e27. [PMID: 36182333 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To seek additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to improve the accuracy of differentiation between atypical sinonasal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and inverted papilloma (IP) using conventional MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. MATERIALS AND METHODS MRI examinations from 44 atypical cases (21 NHLs and 23 IPs) in sinonasal regions were reviewed retrospectively. Imaging features included tumour laterality, extension, T1-weighted imaging (WI)/T2WI signal intensity homogeneity and ratios, enhancement homogeneity and ratios, and ADCmean. RESULTS In cases of NHL, homogeneous signal intensity was often observed on T2WI, which was homogeneous and significantly less enhanced than the turbinate, with lower ADCmean. Whereas in IPs, heterogeneous signal intensity was seen on T2WI, which was heterogeneous and of comparable enhancement to the turbinate, and higher ADCmean values were commonly seen. An ADCmean cut-off point of 1.10 × 10-3 mm2/s achieved 100% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 90% accuracy. In addition, special features were observed that support the distinction between the two tumours, including intestinal pattern enhancement in NHL and spot-like appearance on T2WI and enhancement in IP. CONCLUSIONS ADCmean was the most valuable metric for differentiating between the atypical sinonasal NHLs and IPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Shao
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Street, Yantai 264000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Q L Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Street, Yantai 264000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Y H Qu
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Street, Yantai 264000, Shandong, PR China
| | - X X Chi
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Street, Yantai 264000, Shandong, PR China
| | - N Mao
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Street, Yantai 264000, Shandong, PR China
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Street, Yantai 264000, Shandong, PR China
| | - X L Sui
- Department of Pathology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Street, Yantai 264000, Shandong, PR China
| | - H L Wei
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Street, Yantai 264000, Shandong, PR China.
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Mao N, Dong M, Zhu Z, Huang Q, Yu X, Xie H, Dong J, Sun J, Huang F, Xu W. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Oral Fluid Using a Magnetic Particle-Based Chemiluminescence Immunoassay - Beijing Municipality, China, 2021. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:890-894. [PMID: 36285322 PMCID: PMC9579980 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral fluids (OFs) have been broadly used as non-invasive samples for evaluating protective IgG antibodies from natural infection or vaccination, especially in pediatric populations. Methods Paired OF and serum were collected from both individuals who received a booster dose of the inactive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine as well as those who did not have a history of COVID-19 vaccination and infection (as the control group). The total human IgG antibody (HIgG) content was evaluated as a marker of OF sampling quality. An in-house adapted magnetic particle-based chemiluminescence immunoassay was used for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibody detection in the OF. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody in the serum samples was detected using a commercial immunoassay. Results In total, 579 paired OF and serum samples were collected. An additional 172 OF samples were collected from preschool children. The results indicated that the HIgG concentration in qualified OF samples should be higher than 0.3 µg/mL. Compared to the serum assay, the in-house OF immunoassay for detecting IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 had 95.06% accuracy, 95.03% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. Conclusions Overall, the in-house immunoassay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in OF showed high potential for application towards serological surveillance and immunization effect assessment after large-scale, inactive COVID-19 vaccination in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiying Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, Measles Laboratory in National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, Measles Laboratory in National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiali Yu
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, China,Fang Huang,
| | - Wenbo Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, Measles Laboratory in National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Wenbo Xu,
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Wang B, Song J, Song J, Mao N, Liang J, Chen Y, Qi Y, Bai L, Xie Z, Zhang Y. An Outbreak of Severe Neonatal Pneumonia Caused by Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus BA9 in a Postpartum Care Centre in Shenyang, China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0097422. [PMID: 35863015 PMCID: PMC9430609 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00974-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major pathogen of lower respiratory tract infections in children (<5 years) and older individuals, with outbreaks mainly reported among infants in hospital pediatric departments and intensive care units (ICUs). An outbreak of severe neonatal pneumonia occurred in a postpartum center in Shenyang city, China, from January to February 2021. In total, 34 respiratory samples were collected from 21 neonates and 13 nursing staff. The samples were screened for 27 pathogens using a TaqMan low-density array, and 20 samples tested positive for HRSV, including 16 neonates and 4 nursing staff samples. Among the 16 hospitalized neonates, seven were admitted to an ICU and nine to general wards. Four of the nursing staff had asymptomatic infections. To investigate the genetic characteristics of the HRSV responsible for this outbreak, the second hypervariable region (HVR2) sequences of the G gene were obtained from six neonates and two nursing staff. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all eight sequences (SY strains) were identical, belonging to the HRSV BA9 genotype. Our findings highlight the necessity for strict hygiene and disease control measures so as to prevent cross-infection and further avoid potential outbreaks of severe infectious respiratory diseases. IMPORTANCE Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is one of the leading causes of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) worldwide. In this study, we first reported an outbreak of severe neonatal pneumonia caused by HRSVB BA9 at a postpartum care center in mainland China. Among 20 confirmed cases, 16 were hospitalized neonates with 7 in the ICU ward, and the other four were nursing staff with asymptomatic infections. Our findings highlighted the importance of preventing cross-infection in such postpartum centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Shenyang Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Song
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayuan Liang
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaoning, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Shenyang Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Shenyang Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Bai
- Shenyang Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhibo Xie
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China
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Song J, Li C, Rivailler P, Wang H, Hu M, Zhu Z, Cui A, Mao N, Xu W, Zhang Y. Molecular evolution and genomic characteristics of genotype H1 of measles virus. J Med Virol 2021; 94:521-530. [PMID: 34761827 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Measles is one of the most infectious diseases of humans. It is caused by the measles virus (MeV) and can lead to serious illness, lifelong complications, and even death. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is now available to study molecular epidemiology and identify MeV transmission pathways. In the present study, WGS of 23 MeV strains of genotype H1, collected in Mainland China between 2006 and 2018, were generated and compared to 31 WGSs from the public domain to analyze genomic characteristics, evolutionary rates and date of emergence of H1 genotype. The noncoding region between M and F protein genes (M/F NCR) was the most variable region throughout the genome. Although the nucleotide substitution rate of H1 WGS was around 0.75 × 10-3 substitution per site per year, the M/F NCR had an evolutionary rate three times higher, with 2.44 × 10-3 substitution per site per year. Phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct genetic groups. The Time of the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) of H1 genotype was estimated at approximately 1988, while the first genetic group appeared around 1995 followed by two other genetic groups in 1999-2002. Bayesian skyline plot showed that the genetic diversity of the H1 genotype remained stable even though the number of MeV cases decreased 50 times between 2014 (52 628) and 2020 (993). The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic might have some effect on the measles epidemic and further studies will be necessary to assess the genetic diversity of the H1 genotype in a post-COVID area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Song
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC;, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Chongshan Li
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai
| | - Pierre Rivailler
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC;, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC;, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Manli Hu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC;, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC;, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Cui
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC;, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC;, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC;, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC;, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Ma H, Wang Z, Zhao X, Han J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Chen C, Wang J, Jiang F, Lei J, Song J, Jiang S, Zhu S, Liu H, Wang D, Meng Y, Mao N, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Chen Z, Wang B, Song Q, Du H, Yuan Q, Xia D, Xia Z, Liu P, Wu Y, Feng Z, Gao R, Gao GF, Xu W. Long Distance Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Contaminated Cold Chain Products to Humans - Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China, September 2020. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:637-644. [PMID: 34594958 PMCID: PMC8393170 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Though coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has largely been controlled in China, several outbreaks of COVID-19 have occurred from importation of cases or of suspected virus-contaminated products. Though several outbreaks have been traced to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolated on the outer packaging of cold chain products, live virus has not been obtained. What is added by this report? In September 2020, two dock workers were detected as having asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection using throat swabs during routine screening in Qingdao, China. Epidemiological information showed that the two dock workers were infected after contact with contaminated outer packaging, which was confirmed by genomic sequencing. Compared to the Wuhan reference strain, the sequences from the dock workers and the package materials differed by 12-14 nucleotides. Furthermore, infectious virus from the cold chain products was isolated by cell culture, and typical SARS-CoV-2 particles were observed under electron microscopy. What are the implications for public health practice? The international community should pay close attention to SARS-CoV-2 transmission mode through cold chain, build international cooperative efforts in response, share relevant data, and call on all countries to take effective prevention and control measures to prevent virus contamination in cold-chain food production, marine fishing and processing, transportation, and other operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilai Ma
- Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoguo Wang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fachun Jiang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingdong Song
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofeng Jiang
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Meng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhai Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiao Chen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bingling Wang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Qinqin Song
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Du
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Yuan
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Xia
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchao Wu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Feng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqin Gao
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - George F. Gao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Zhou S, Mao N, Zhang Y, Cui A, Zhu Z, Hu R, Xu J, Xu W. Genetic analysis of human parainfluenza virus type 4 associated with severe acute respiratory infection in children in Luohe City, Henan Province, China, during 2017-2018. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2585-2590. [PMID: 34231027 PMCID: PMC8321989 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During 2017–2018, nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from 627 hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection at Luohe Center Hospital were tested by RT-PCR for human parainfluenza virus 4 (HPIV-4). Fourteen (2.2%) of the 627 samples were positive for HPIV-4. The complete HN gene was amplified from nine positive samples and sequenced. Sequence comparisons showed that the HPIV-4 strains circulating in the city of Luohe are closely related to HPIV-4A strains. Our study indicated that there were multiple lineages of HPIV-4 circulating in Henan Province in China during the study period. This will improve our understanding of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HPIV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Avenue, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot, 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 155# Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 155# Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Aili Cui
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 155# Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 155# Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Ruiping Hu
- Inner Mongolia Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Avenue, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot, 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 105# Nongye South Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 155# Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102200, China.
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16
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Ma H, Zhang J, Wang J, Qin Y, Chen C, Song Y, Wang L, Meng J, Mao L, Li F, Li N, Cai J, Zhang Y, Wang D, Xia Y, Wang H, Jiang S, Zhao X, Niu P, Tan W, Ma T, Yao Y, Mao N, Zhu Z, Ji T, Yang Q, Huang B, Zhao L, Yu J, Bai L, Zhu S, Wang D, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Luan M, Wang Y, Sun H, Yang S, Bo Z, Ren X, Li Z, Gao GF, Yao W, Yao W, Feng Z, Xu W. COVID-19 Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Packaging of Imported Cold-Chain Products - Liaoning Province, China, July 2020. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:441-447. [PMID: 34594909 PMCID: PMC8392985 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
What is known about this topic? Few major outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have occurred in China after major non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccines have been deployed and implemented. However, sporadic outbreaks that had high possibility to be linked to cold chain products were reported in several cities of China.. What is added by this report? In July 2020, a COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Dalian, China. The investigations of this outbreak strongly suggested that the infection source was from COVID-19 virus-contaminated packaging of frozen seafood during inbound unloading personnel contact. What are the implications for public health practice? Virus contaminated paper surfaces could maintain infectivity for at least 17-24 days at -25 ℃. Exposure to COVID-19 virus-contaminated surfaces is a potential route for introducing the virus to a susceptible population. Countries with no domestic transmission of COVID-19 should consider introducing prevention strategies for both inbound travellers and imported goods. Several measures to prevent the introduction of the virus via cold-chain goods can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilai Ma
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqun Zhang
- Dalian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Song
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Dalian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingling Mao
- Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yunting Xia
- National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofeng Jiang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peihua Niu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yecheng Yao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Ji
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Baoying Huang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxing Yu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Bai
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yingwei Sun
- Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingchun Luan
- Dalian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhai Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Sun
- Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shihong Yang
- Dalian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhijian Bo
- Dalian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - George Fu Gao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Dalian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenqing Yao
- Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zijian Feng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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17
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Zhu Z, Cui A, Zhang Y, Mao N, Liu Y, Liu L, Deng L, Chen Y, Zhao H, Gong T, Zhou S, Li F, Lei Y, Yang Y, Wang Y, Sun Z, Feng D, Peng X, Yuan F, Du H, Feng Y, Wang C, Guo J, Huang F, Gao H, Ma Y, Chen H, Deng X, Zhang T, Li L, Wang S, Yang X, Tian X, Fan L, Niu D, Xu W. Transmission dynamics of the rubella virus circulating in China during 2010-2019: two lineage switches between genotypes 1E and 2B. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:1157-1164. [PMID: 33904899 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide a better understanding of the progress on rubella control and elimination in China, a genetic analysis was conducted to examine the transmission pattern of the endemic rubella virus in China during 2010-2019. METHODS Total 4895 strains were obtained from 29 out of the 31 provinces in mainland of China during 2010-2019. The genotyping region of the strains were amplified, determined, and assembled. Genotyping analysis and lineage division were performed by comparisons with the World Health Organization reference strains and previously reported lineage reference strains, respectively. Further phylogenetic analyses were performed to compare the genetic relationship. RESULTS During 2010-2019, the domestic lineage 1E-L1 and multiple imported lineages of rubella viruses including 2B-L1, 1E-L2, and 2B-L2c were identified. Further analysis of the circulation trend of the different lineages indicated that two switches occurred among the lineages. The first shift was from lineage 1E-L1 to 2B-L1, which occurred around 2015-2016, followed by the lowest rubella incidence in 2017. The second shift was from lineage 2B-L1 to 1E-L2 and 2B-L2c, which occurred around 2018-2019, coinciding with rubella resurgence and the subsequent nationwide epidemic during 2018-2019. Insufficient genomic information worldwide made it impossible to trace the origin of the imported viruses in this study. CONCLUSIONS China was moving toward rubella elimination, as evidenced by the fact that previous endemic lineages were not detected. However, rubella reemerged in 2018 and 2019 due to the newly imported rubella viruses. Therefore, to realize the rubella elimination goal, joint efforts are required for all countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Deng
- Guangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Chongqing Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Gong
- Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Shujie Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Lei
- Tianjin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Shanghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaodan Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haerbin, China
| | - Daxing Feng
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Ningxia Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Du
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changyin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Beijing Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, China
| | - Xiuying Deng
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqun Li
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuhui Yang
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Tian
- Neimeng Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huhehaote, China
| | - Lixia Fan
- Qinghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China
| | - Dandan Niu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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18
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Shao S, Zheng N, Mao N, Xue X, Cui J, Gao P, Wang B. A triple-classification radiomics model for the differentiation of pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumour, and malignant salivary gland tumours on the basis of diffusion-weighted imaging. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:472.e11-472.e18. [PMID: 33752882 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To develop and validate a triple-classification radiomics model for the preoperative differentiation of pleomorphic adenoma (PA), Warthin tumour (WT), and malignant salivary gland tumour (MSGT) based on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 217 patients with histopathologically confirmed salivary gland tumours (100 PAs, 68 WTs, and 49 MSGTs) from January 2015 to March 2019 were analysed retrospectively and divided into a training set (n=173), and a validation set (n=44). A total of 396 radiomic features were extracted from the DWI of all patients. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to select radiomic features, which were then constructed using three classification models, namely, logistic regression method (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN). The diagnostic performance of the radiomics model was quantified by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the training and validation data sets. RESULTS The 20 most valuable features were investigated based on the LASSO regression. LR and SVM methods exhibited better diagnostic ability than KNN for multiclass classification. LR and SVM had the best performance and yielded the AUC values of 0.857 and 0.824, respectively, in the training data set and the AUC values of 0.932 and 0.912, respectively, in the validation data set of MSGT diagnosis. CONCLUSION DWI-based triple-classification radiomics model has predictive value in distinguishing PA, WT, and MSGT, which can be used for preoperative auxiliary diagnosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shao
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272011, PR China
| | - N Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272011, PR China
| | - N Mao
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, PR China
| | - X Xue
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272011, PR China
| | - J Cui
- Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100192, PR China
| | - P Gao
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272011, PR China.
| | - B Wang
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China.
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Li Z, Guan X, Mao N, Luo H, Qin Y, He N, Zhu Z, Yu J, Li Y, Liu J, An Z, Gao W, Wang X, Sun X, Song T, Yang X, Wu M, Wu X, Yao W, Peng Z, Sun J, Wang L, Guo Q, Xiang N, Liu J, Zhang B, Su X, Rodewald L, Li L, Xu W, Shen H, Feng Z, Gao GF. Antibody seroprevalence in the epicenter Wuhan, Hubei, and six selected provinces after containment of the first epidemic wave of COVID-19 in China. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2021; 8:100094. [PMID: 33585828 PMCID: PMC7864613 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China implemented containment measures to stop SARS-CoV-2 transmission in response to the COVID-19 epidemic. After the first epidemic wave, we conducted population-based serological surveys to determine extent of infection, risk factors for infection, and neutralization antibody levels to assess the real infections in the random sampled population. METHODS We used a multistage, stratified cluster random sampling strategy to conduct serological surveys in three areas - Wuhan, Hubei Province outside Wuhan, and six provinces selected on COVID-19 incidence and containment strategy. Participants were consenting individuals >1 year old who resided in the survey area >14 days during the epidemic. Provinces screened sera for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgG, and total antibody by two lateral flow immunoassays and one magnetic chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay; positive samples were verified by micro-neutralization assay. FINDINGS We enrolled 34,857 participants (overall response rate, 92%); 427 were positive by micro-neutralization assay. Wuhan had the highest weighted seroprevalence (4•43%, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=3•48%-5•62%), followed by Hubei-ex-Wuhan (0•44%, 95%CI=0•26%-0•76%), and the other provinces (<0•1%). Living in Wuhan (adjusted odds ratio aOR=13•70, 95%CI= 7•91-23•75), contact with COVID-19 patients (aOR=7•35, 95%CI=5•05-10•69), and age over 40 (aOR=1•36, 95%CI=1•07-1•72) were significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among seropositives, 101 (24%) reported symptoms and had higher geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers than among the 326 (76%) without symptoms (30±2•4 vs 15±2•1, p<0•001). INTERPRETATION The low overall extent of infection and steep gradient of seropositivity from Wuhan to the outer provinces provide evidence supporting the success of containment of the first wave of COVID-19 in China. SARS-CoV-2 infection was largely asymptomatic, emphasizing the importance of active case finding and physical distancing. Virtually the entire population of China remains susceptible to SARS-CoV-2; vaccination will be needed for long-term protection. FUNDING This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (2020YFC0846900) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82041026, 82041027, 82041028, 82041029, 82041030, 82041032, 82041033).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Xuhua Guan
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Luo
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Na He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Jianxing Yu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijie An
- National Immunization Programme (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Tie Song
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenqing Yao
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Junling Sun
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Nijuan Xiang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Bike Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Su
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lance Rodewald
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijian Feng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
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20
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Jia CL, Cao Y, Song Q, Zhang WB, Li JJ, Wu XX, Yu PY, Mou YK, Mao N, Song XC. [Radiomics nomogram of MR: a prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis in laryngeal cancer]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 55:1154-1161. [PMID: 33342131 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200719-00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish and validate a radiomics nomogram based on MR for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in laryngeal cancer. Methods: One hundred and seventeen patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent MR examinations and received open surgery and neck dissection between January 2016 and December 2019 were included in this study. All patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n=89) and test cohort (n=28) using computer-generated random numbers. Clinical characteristics and MR were collected. Radiological features were extracted from the MR images. Enhanced T1 and T2WI were selected for radiomics analysis, and the volume of interest was manually segmented from the Huiyihuiying radiomics cloud platform. The variance analysis (ANOVA) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm were used to reduce the dimensionality of the radiomics features in the training cohort. Then, a radiomic signature was established. The clinical risk factors were screened by using ANOVA and multivariate logistic regression. A nomogram was generated using clinical risk factors and the radiomic signature. The calibration curve and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve were used to confirm the nomogram's performance in the training and test sets. The clinical usefulness of the nomogram was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA). Furthermore, a testing cohort was used to validate the model. Results: The radiomics signature consisted of 21 features, and the nomogram model included the radiomics signature and the MR-reported lymph node status. The model showed good calibration and discrimination. The model yielded areas under the ROC curve (AUC) in the training cohort, specificity, and sensitivity of 0.930, 0.930 and 0.875. In the test cohort, the model yielded AUC, specificity and sensitivity of 0.883, 0.889 and 0.800. DCA indicated that the nomogram model was clinically useful. Conclusion: The MR-based radiomics nomogram model may be used to predict cervical lymph node metastasis of laryngeal cancer preoperatively. MR-based radiomics could serve as a potential tool to help clinicians make an optimal clinical decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Jia
- Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Q Song
- Schoolof Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, Shandong Province, China
| | - W B Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - J J Li
- Schoolof Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - X X Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - P Y Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y K Mou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; Department of Radiology, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - N Mao
- Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; Taishan Scholar Laboratory, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, Yantai 264000, China
| | - X C Song
- Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; Department of Radiology, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
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21
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Mao N, An CK, Guo LY, Wang M, Guo L, Guo SR, Long ES. Transmission risk of infectious droplets in physical spreading process at different times: A review. Build Environ 2020; 185:107307. [PMID: 33519041 PMCID: PMC7832643 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Droplets provide a well-known transmission media in the COVID-19 epidemic, and the particle size is closely related to the classification of the transmission route. However, the term "aerosol" covers most particle sizes of suspended particulates because of information asymmetry in different disciplines, which may lead to misunderstandings in the selection of epidemic prevention and control strategies for the public. In this review, the time when these droplets are exhaled by a patient was taken as the initial time. Then, all available viral loads and numerical distribution of the exhaled droplets was analyzed, and the evaporation model of droplets in the air was combined with the deposition model of droplet nuclei in the respiratory tract. Lastly, the perspective that physical spread affects the transmission risk of different size droplets at different times was summarized for the first time. The results showed that although the distribution of exhaled droplets was dominated by small droplets, droplet volume was proportional to the third power of particle diameter, meaning that the viral load of a 100 μm droplet was approximately 106 times that of a 1 μm droplet at the initial time. Furthermore, the exhaled droplets are affected by heat and mass transfer of evaporation, water fraction, salt concentration, and acid-base balance (the water fraction > 98%), which lead them to change rapidly, and the viral survival condition also deteriorates dramatically. The time required for the initial diameter (do) of a droplet to shrink to the equilibrium diameter (de, about 30% of do) is approximately proportional to the second power of the particle diameter, taking only a few milliseconds for a 1 μm droplet but hundreds of milliseconds for a 10 μm droplet; in other words, the viruses carried by the large droplets can be preserved as much as possible. Finally, the infectious droplet nuclei maybe inhaled by the susceptible population through different and random contact routes, and the droplet nuclei with larger de decompose more easily into tiny particles on account of the accelerated collision in a complex airway, which can be deposited in the higher risk alveolar region. During disease transmission, the infectious droplet particle size varies widely, and the transmission risk varies significantly at different time nodes; therefore, the fuzzy term "aerosol" is not conducive to analyzing disease exposure risk. Recommendations for epidemic prevention and control strategies are: 1) Large droplets are the main conflict in disease transmission; thus, even if they are blocked by a homemade mask initially, it significantly contains the epidemic. 2) The early phase of contact, such as close-contact and short-range transmission, has the highest infection risk; therefore, social distancing can effectively keep the susceptible population from inhaling active viruses. 3) The risk of the fomite route depends on the time in contact with infectious viruses; thus, it is important to promote good health habits (including frequent hand washing, no-eye rubbing, coughing etiquette, normalization of surface cleaning), although blind and excessive disinfection measures are not advisable. 4) Compared with the large droplets, the small droplets have larger numbers but carry fewer viruses and are more prone to die through evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Institute of Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C K An
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Y Guo
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Guo
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - S R Guo
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - E S Long
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Institute of Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Cai R, Mao N, Dai J, Xiang X, Xu J, Ma Y, Li Z, Han G, Yu D, Yin J, Cui A, Zhang Y, Li H, Yu P, Guan L, Tian Y, Sun L, Li Y, Wei Y, Zhu Z, Xu W. Correction: Genetic variability of human adenovirus type 7 circulating in mainland China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234681. [PMID: 32516329 PMCID: PMC7282639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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23
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Ding Y, Chen W, Lei Y, Mao N, Gao Z, Xu W, Zhang Y. Evaluating the population measles susceptibility in Tianjin, China. Vaccine 2020; 38:4829-4836. [PMID: 32482462 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles is a highly infectious illness requiring herd immunity of 95% to interrupt transmission. China has not reached elimination goals despite high vaccination coverage. We estimated the population susceptibility against measles in Tianjin, China and to tailor awareness raising activities in the measles elimination plan. METHODS Age-specific measles seroprevalence was evaluated by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) on 12,164 individual aged 0-44 years in 2009-2018. Measles IgG avidity testing was performed to confirm the relationship of the waning immunity after vaccination and secondary vaccination failures (SVF) on 324 confirmed measles cases in 2013-2018. RESULTS 11,108 samples (91.32%) tested positive for measles IgG, 239 (1.96%) tested as equivocal and 817 (6.72%) were negative. The age distribution of measles cases in Tianjin followed a U-shaped curve and was highest for those at <8 months and again at 20-39 years which correlated closely with the age distribution of measles susceptibility based on measles IgG antibody status (r = 0.72, P < 0.001). The seropositivity rate and antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) for the 2018 study population were significantly lower (χ2 = 7.45, P = 0.006 and t = 12.01, P < 0.001) compared to 2009. The multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that age and region were the risk factors for both measles seropositivity rate and GMC after vaccination. The proportion of high avidity cases increased with age, being significantly higher in 75.31% of cases in patients aged 30-34 years (χ2 = 18.04, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS High immunization coverage in children alone will not be adequate to realizing sufficient levels of population herd immunity, particularly given that the potential susceptibility window in adult. Implementation of supplemental immunization activity (SIA) targeted to appropriate group aged 30-34 years is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Ding
- Department of Expanded Program Immunization, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Hua Yue Street, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Expanded Program Immunization, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Hua Yue Street, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - Yue Lei
- Department of Viral Laboratory, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Hua Yue Street, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases and WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhigang Gao
- Department of Expanded Program Immunization, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Hua Yue Street, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Hua Yue Street, Hedong District, Tianjin 300011, China
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24
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Cai R, Mao N, Dai J, Xiang X, Xu J, Ma Y, Li Z, Han G, Yu D, Yin J, Cui A, Zhang Y, Li H, Yu P, Guan L, Tian Y, Sun L, Li Y, Wei Y, Zhu Z, Xu W. Genetic variability of human adenovirus type 7 circulating in mainland China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232092. [PMID: 32352995 PMCID: PMC7192419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV-7) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes severe respiratory illnesses. However, the epidemic patterns and genetic variability of HAdV-7 circulating in mainland China have not been well elucidated. In this study, we used Chinese HAdV sentinel surveillance data obtained from 2012-2015 to investigate the clinical features of 122 HAdV-7-positive cases and performed amplification and sequence determination of three capsid genes (penton base, hexon, and fiber) from 69 isolated viruses covering from seven provinces of China. Additionally, we compared with data from representative sequences of 21 strains covering seven more provinces in China and 32 international HAdV-7 strains obtained from GenBank database to determine the phylogenetic, sequence variations, and molecular evolution of HAdV-7. The results indicated that HAdV-7 infection occurred throughout the year, and a high proportion of severe cases (27 cases, 22.1%) exhibited infantile pneumonia. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis showed that all HAdV-7 strains could be divided into two major evolutionary branches, including subtype 1 and subtype 2, and subtype 3 was also formed according to analysis of the penton base gene. Subtypes 1 and 2 co-circulated in China before 2008, and HAdV-7 strains currently circulating in China belonged to subtype 2, which was also the predominant strain circulating worldwide in recent years. Further sequence variation analysis indicated that three genes of HAdV-7 were relatively stable across time and geographic space, particularly for viruses within subtypes, which shared almost the same variation sites. Owing to continuous outbreaks caused by HAdV-7, resulting in increased illness severity and fatality rates in China, the establishment of a national HAdV surveillance system is urgently needed for the development of effective preventive and infection-control interventions for adenovirus respiratory infections in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Cai
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan city, Anhui province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Naiying Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Dai
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan city, Anhui province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Affiliated Huai’an No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an city, Jiangsu province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha city, Hunan province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an city, Shaanxi province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Ma
- Changchun Children’s Hospital, Changchun city, Jilin province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan city, Shandong province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyue Han
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deshan Yu
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou city, Gansu province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming city, Yunnan province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aili Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan city, Anhui province, People’s Republic of China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou city, Sichuan province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an city, Shaanxi province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyuan Guan
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an city, Shaanxi province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuling Tian
- Changchun Children’s Hospital, Changchun city, Jilin province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Changchun Children’s Hospital, Changchun city, Jilin province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yamei Wei
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (WX)
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan city, Anhui province, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (WX)
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25
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Cui A, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Wang H, Mao N, Song J, Xu W. Classification of measles cases from 2014 to 2018: Implications for progress towards measles elimination in China. Vaccine 2020; 38:3832-3838. [PMID: 32280040 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Measles incidence has decreased dramatically in China due to the implement of measles-containing vaccine (MCV). However, a measles epidemic caused resurgence recently, even among vaccinated individuals. To evaluate the effectiveness of current immunization programs and discuss initiatives for the next step in measles elimination in mainland China, the characteristics of 121,969 laboratory-confirmed measles cases reported in the measles surveillance system (MSS) during 2014-2018 were analyzed according to the vaccination status of the cases in this study. Children under 2 years of age without MCV vaccination (44,424, 36.42% of all cases) and adults over 20 years of age with an unknown vaccination history (37,564, 30.80% of all cases) accounted for the majority of measles cases from 2014 to 2018. 42,425 (34.78%) of the 77,384 cases with available vaccination information were categorized as programmatically preventable. 38,840 (91.55%) of the 42,425 cases were aged ≥8 months without the MCV vaccination history. 34,959 (28.66%) cases were categorized as programmatically non-preventable, of whom 22,611 (64.68%) were too young to receive their first MCV dose, 6857 (19.61%) received their first dose and were too young to receive their second dose, 5491 (15.71%) received at least two doses of MCV. 15,933 (13.06%) of the 121,969 cases had a history of MCV vaccination. Measles virus infection in cases with an MCV vaccination history mainly occurred within the first month after MCV vaccination, especially in those who received a one-dose measles vaccination. MCV vaccination could reduce the frequencies of clinical symptoms and complications of measles cases. Our study confirmed that the current measles immunization programs used in mainland China is effective in reducing the measles incidence in China. Unvaccinated infants/children aged 8-23 months and high risk susceptible adults over 20 years of age with unknown vaccination histories should be the focus groups of measles immunization activities in China in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Cui
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles/Rubella and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles/Rubella and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles/Rubella and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Wang
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles/Rubella and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Naiying Mao
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles/Rubella and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles/Rubella and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles/Rubella and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
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Mao N, Zhu Z, Zhu S, Yu D, Xu J, Cui A, Cao L, Guo J, Wang H, Wang D, Yan D, Song Y, Yang Q, Jiang Z, Zhang H, Shu C, Yang M, Wang Y, Xiao J, Han Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xu W. Antibody Response to COVID-19 Virus — Heilongjiang Province and Gansu Province, China, 2020. China CDC Wkly 2020; 2:645-650. [PMID: 34594729 PMCID: PMC8422248 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2020.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, while the profile of antibody response against the COVID-19 virus has not been well clarified. What is added by this report? In this study, 210 serum samples from 160 confirmed COVID-19 cases with different disease severities were recruited. The IgM, IgA, IgG, and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against COVID-19 virus were determined. Our findings indicated that four antibodies could be detectable at low levels within 2 weeks of disease onset, then rapidly increasing and peaking from the 3rd to 5th Weeks. NAb decreased between 5th and 9th Weeks, and a higher IgM/IgA level was observed in the groups with mild/moderate severity within 2 weeks (p<0.05), while all 4 types of antibodies were higher in the group with severe/critical severity after 4 weeks (p<0.05).
What are the implications for public health practice? Our study on the dynamics of serological antibody responses against COVID-19 virus among COVID-19 patients complements the recognition regarding the humoral immune response to COVID-19 virus infection. The findings will help in the interpretation of antibody detection results for COVID-19 patients and be beneficial for the evaluation of vaccination effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiying Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Deshan Yu
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Aili Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Lei Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Jinyuan Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Yang Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhai Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhi Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
- Yan Zhang,
| | - Wenbo Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing, China
- Wenbo Xu,
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Zheng M, Wang S, Chen X, Mao N, Zhong H, Guo J, Pan X, Dai Y, Chen D, Wang K, Dong X. Expression of PD-L1 in Chinese patients with common cancers. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz269.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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28
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Zheng M, Jun P, Wang S, Li M, Mao N, Liu Y, Cheng T, Lan H, Zhao J, Wang W, Hu J, Yao M, Wang K, Qu Y. P1.14-34 The Landscape of MET Alterations in Chinese Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Mao N, Zhu S, Ji T, Xu W. Intranasal immunization with coxsackievirus A16 virus-like particles confers protection against lethal infection in neonatal mice. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2975-2984. [PMID: 31570994 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) is one of the main causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children and has become prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region in recent years. However, no approved vaccines or drugs are available for CV-A16 infection. CV-A16 virus-like particles (VLPs) are a potential vaccine candidate; however, whether the intranasal route of immunization is suitable for inducing immune responses against CV-A16 infection has not been clarified. In this study, the comprehensive immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the CV-A16 VLP vaccine were evaluated by multiple methods in a mouse model. In mice, a high neutralizing antibody (NTAb) titre could be elicited by intranasal immunization with CV-A16 VLPs, which produced NTAb levels similar to those induced by intranasal immunization with inactivated CV-A16. Passive immunity with NTAbs provided very good protection, as the survival rate of the immunized neonatal mice was 100% after challenges with CV-A16 at a dose of 1000 LD50. Passive protective effects were transferred to the neonates via the mother, thus protecting all the pups against challenges with the homologous or heterologous strains of CV-A16 at a dose of 1000 LD50. In addition, intranasal immunization with CV-A16 VLPs also induced the production of mucosal secretory IgA (s-IgA) antibodies, which may inhibit CV-A16 virus invasion. This study provides valuable supplemental information to facilitate our understanding of the specific protective efficacy of CV-A16 VLPs and has significance for development of the candidate vaccine into a safe and effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Chang-bai Road, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Chang-bai Road, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tianjiao Ji
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Chang-bai Road, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Chang-bai Road, Beijing, 102206, China. .,WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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30
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Mao N, Zhu Z, Rivailler P, Yang J, Li Q, Han G, Yin J, Yu D, Sun L, Jiang H, Zhan Z, Xiang X, Mei H, Wang X, Zhang B, Yu P, Li H, Lei Z, Xu W. Multiple divergent Human mastadenovirus C co-circulating in mainland of China. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 76:104035. [PMID: 31505276 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The human mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C) cause respiratory infections in children. Homologous recombination was clearly involved in the molecular evolution of HAdV-A, B, and D, but little is known about the molecular evolution of HAdV-C. From 2000 to 2016, 201 HAdV-C strains were collected from nine provinces covering six administrative regions of mainland of China via 3 existing surveillance programs, namely the febrile respiratory syndrome surveillance, the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, and the hand, foot, and mouth disease surveillance system. The genes coding for the capsid protein (penton base, hexon, and fiber) of 201 HAdV-C strains were sequenced and compared with representative sequences publicly available. In addition, the whole genome sequence of 24 representative strains of HAdV-C was generated for further recombination analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the penton base sequences of HAdV-C revealed six genetic groups (labelled as Px1-6), which showed that the penton base had more variation than previously thought. Based on the penton base, hexon, and fiber gene sequences, 16 new genetic patterns of HAdV-C circulating in mainland of China were identified in this study. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed frequent recombination events among HAdV-C genomes. This study is highly beneficial for case classification, tracking the transmission chain, and further epidemiological exploration of HAdV-C-related severe clinical diseases in the near future. Our data demonstrated that multiple newly divergent HAdV-C co-circulated across mainland China during the research period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiying Mao
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles, Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles, Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pierre Rivailler
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles, Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfang Yang
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi Li
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guangyue Han
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Deshan Yu
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Changchun Children's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | | | - Zhifei Zhan
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Xingyu Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Xizang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lasa, China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Pengbo Yu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian, China
| | - Hong Li
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles, Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Zhenqiang Lei
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles, Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles, Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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31
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Ji T, Han T, Tan X, Zhu S, Yan D, Yang Q, Song Y, Cui A, Zhang Y, Mao N, Xu S, Zhu Z, Niu D, Zhang Y, Xu W. Surveillance, epidemiology, and pathogen spectrum of hand, foot, and mouth disease in mainland of China from 2008 to 2017. Biosafety and Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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32
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Xu W, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhu Z, Mao N, Mulders MN, Rota PA. Global and national laboratory networks support high quality surveillance for measles and rubella. Int Health 2017; 9:184-189. [PMID: 28582561 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory networks are an essential component of disease surveillance systems because they provide accurate and timely confirmation of infection. WHO coordinates global laboratory surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases, including measles and rubella. The more than 700 laboratories within the WHO Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network (GMRLN) supports surveillance for measles, rubella and congenial rubella syndrome in 191 counties. This paper describes the overall structure and function of the GMRLN and highlights the largest of the national laboratory networks, the China Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mick N Mulders
- Expanded Program on Immunization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul A Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Cui A, Zhu Z, Hu Y, Deng X, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Mao N, Xu S, Fang X, Gao H, Si Y, Lei Y, Zheng H, He J, Wu H, Xu W. Mumps Epidemiology and Mumps Virus Genotypes Circulating in Mainland China during 2013-2015. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169561. [PMID: 28085897 PMCID: PMC5234798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the implementation of mumps virus (MuV) vaccination in the expanded program on immunization (EPI) in mainland China since 2008, the incidence of mumps has decreased, and the natural epidemic pattern of mumps has slightly changed during 2013-2015. The two epidemic peaks (April-July and November-December) became less obvious than those observed from 2004 to 2012. Children and adolescents younger than 15, particularly in the five-to-nine-year-old age group, remain the target group and should be the focus of high-quality immunization activities in mainland China. However, it was also found that the incidence and reported cases of mumps decreased in each age group during 2013-2015, particularly in the five-to-nine-year-old and ten-to-fourteen-year-old age groups. The proportion of mumps cases among adults in some provinces also increased. Unlike the changes in the epidemiological characteristics of mumps affected by vaccination, the data of MuV virology surveillance indicated that most of the MuV transmission chains have not yet been effectively interrupted, and MuV remains a natural epidemic pattern in mainland China. In the MuV virology surveillance, 194 MuV strains during 2013-2015 were isolated from 10 of 31 provinces in mainland China. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the small hydrophobic (SH) gene, both genotype F (99.0%) and G (1.0%) were identified, and genotype F was still the predominant genotype continuously circulating in mainland China. Representative genotype F and G strains isolated in China from 1995 to 2012 were selected for further analysis. The results indicated that there were multiple transmission chains within genotype F, with no obvious geographical or time differences. The high genetic diversity of genotype F strains could be a result of the continuous transmission and evolution of the MuV in mainland China. Genotype G was also detected in four provinces in mainland China. Because of the limited epidemiological data, it was uncertain whether the genotype G MuV strains found in 2011 and 2013 were imported from other countries. Therefore, combined high-quality epidemiological and virological surveillance is necessary for mumps control; it can also be used to observe the changes in epidemiological characteristics and viral transmission of mumps over time after mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) implementation and to provide a comprehensive epidemiological and genetic baseline for mumps elimination in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Cui
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Deng
- Jiangsu Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaodan Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ha’erbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Naiying Mao
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songtao Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqiang Fang
- Shandong Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- Shanxi Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Si
- Shannxi Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yake Lei
- Hubei Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jilan He
- Sichuan Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Affiliated hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WX); (HW)
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WX); (HW)
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34
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Zhu Z, Cai R, Cui A, Zhang Y, Mao N, Xu S, Ji Y, Wang H, Zhang S, Xu W, Wu H. Dynamic Change in Variation of Rubella Viruses Circulating in Mainland China. Bing Du Xue Bao 2017; 33:67-76. [PMID: 30702824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We wished to study the dynamic change in variation of rubella viruses circulating during 1999-2015 in mainland China at the molecular level. Molecular evolution of Chinese rubella viruses collected during 1999 ~ 2015 was analyzed according to a surveillance database of measles/rubella laboratory networks in China. A total of 1737 rubella viruses were obtained from 20 of 31 provinces (except Xinjiang and Tibet) during 1999 ~ 2015. Four genotypes (1E, IF, 2A, 2B) were detected. The genotype-1E rubella virus was detected first in 2001. Subsequently, genotype 1E became the predominant genotype circulating during 2001~2013, and could be divided into two closely related clusters (A (2004-2015) and B (2001-2009)). However, the detection rate of the genotype-1E rubella virus decreased year-by-year from 2011, and reached the lowest level (1. 3%) in 2015. The genotype-1F rubella virus was restricted geographically to China, and no longer found after 2002; presumably its circulation in China was interrupted. All genotype-2A rubella viruses were derived from vaccine-related cases. At least four genotypes of 2B rubella viruses (lineage 1 ~ 4) circulated in mainland China during 2000 ~ 2015. The genotype-2B rubella virus was detected sporadically and was in a weak position until 2010. However, the detection rate of imported genotype-2B rubella viruses (lineage 3) was increased and became the predominant genotype during 2014~2015. Through the study of 16 consecutive years in mainland China, the evolution and epidemic situation of the rubella virus was obtained to aid virology surveillance for rubella control in China.
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Fan C, Mao N, Lehmann-Horn F, Bürmann J, Jurkat-Rott K. Effects of S906T polymorphism on the severity of a novel borderline mutation I692M in Na v 1.4 cause periodic paralysis. Clin Genet 2016; 91:859-867. [PMID: 27714768 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyperPP) is a dominantly inherited muscle disease caused by mutations in SCN4A gene encoding skeletal muscle voltage gated Nav 1.4 channels. We identified a novel Nav 1.4 mutation I692M in 14 families out of the 104 genetically identified HyperPP families in the Neuromuscular Centre Ulm and is therefore as frequent as I693T (13 families out of 14 HyperPP families) in Germany. Surprisingly, in 13 families, a known polymorphism S906T was also present. It was on the affected allele in at least 10 families compatible with a possible founder effect in central Europe. All affected members suffered from episodic weakness; myotonia was also common. Compared with I692M patients, I692M-S906T patients had longer weakness episodes, more affected muscles, CK elevation and presence of permanent weakness. Electrophysiological investigation showed that both mutants had incomplete slow inactivation and a hyperpolarizing shift of activation which contribute to membrane depolarization and weakness. Additionally, I692M-S906T significantly enhanced close-state fast inactivation compared with I692M alone, suggesting a higher proportion of inactivated I692M-S906T channels upon membrane depolarization which may facilitate the initiation of weakness episodes and therefore clinical manifestation. Our results suggest that polymorphism S906T has effects on the clinical phenotypic and electrophysiological severity of a novel borderline Nav 1.4 mutation I692M, making the borderline mutation fully penetrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fan
- Division of Neurophysiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - N Mao
- Division of Neurophysiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Lehmann-Horn
- Division of Neurophysiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - J Bürmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - K Jurkat-Rott
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23,89081 Ulm, Germany
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Liu Y, Chen J, Chen L, Xie X, Mao N. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein on fibroblast-like synoviocytes in refractory rheumatoid arthritis patients: a potential mechanism for multidrug resistance in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7927. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15027927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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37
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Tan R, Mao N, Wang H, Wang S, Fan J. Ginsenoside Rg1 Attenuates Autophagy Triggered by Angiotensin II Through AMPK/mTOR Signaling in Podocytes. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjn.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Mao N, Ji T, Huang W, Zhang F, Zhang H, Xu W. [Genetic Characteristics of Echovirus Type 6 Isolated from Hunan Province, China, 2009-2014]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2015; 31:258-263. [PMID: 26470531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We wished to understand the genetic characteristics of enteric cytopathic human orphan (ECHO) virus type 6 (ECHO6) circulating in China. First, the partial VP1 coding region of six strains of the ECH-O6 virus isolated from cases of hand, foot and mouth diseases during routine surveillance in Hunan Province (China) from 2009 to 2014 were sequenced. Those sequences were analyzed along with 138 sequences of ECHO viruses covering five provinces of China and countries outside China retrieved from the GenBank database. A phylogenetic tree based on partial VPI was constructed, and it indicated that Chinese strains of the ECHO virus could form two distinct evolutionary branches: branch 1 and branch 2. All isolates of the ECHO virus from Hunan Province belonged to the 2c subranch, which revealed that they may share a common evolutionary origin. ECHO strains in branch 2 may be the predominant strains in China due to their wide geographic distribution and long period of circulation. We used nucleotide differences of >30%o as the basis of cluster division. ECHO, viruses could be divided into four clusters (A-D). Cluster D could be divided further into ten subclusters on the basis of nucleotide differences of 15%-30%. All ECHO6 isolates from Hunan Province belonged to the D7 subcluster. These data showed that the ECHO6 strains that circulated in Hunan Province in 2009-2014 were closely related to each other, and probably shared a common evolutionary origin. In addition, at least four distinct lineages of ECHO viruses have circulated in China.
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Xie P, Shi E, Gu T, Zhang Y, Mao N. Inhibition of intimal hyperplasia of the vein graft with degradable poly lactic-co-glycolic acid vascular external sheaths carrying slow-release bosentan. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 48:842-9; discussion 849. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Qin L, Chen Y, Zhao W, Mao N, Charbonneau C, Gao X. Economic Comparison of Empirical Versus Diagonstic-Driven Strategies for Immunocompromised Patients with Suspected Fungal Infection Results from a Chinese Payer Perspective. Value Health 2014; 17:A670. [PMID: 27202457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Qin
- Pharmerit International, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Pfizer Investment Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - W Zhao
- Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - N Mao
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - X Gao
- Pharmerit International, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Xu S, Mao N, Zhu Z, Shi J, Huang G, Liu C, Bo F, Feng D, Lu P, Liu Y, Wang Y, Lei Y, Chen M, Chen H, Wang C, Fu H, Li C, He J, Gao H, Gu S, Wang S, Ling H, Liu Y, Ding Z, Ba Z, Feng Y, Zheng H, Tang X, Lei Y, Xiong Y, Bellini W, Rota P, Jee Y, Xu W. Monitoring progress toward measles elimination by genetic diversity analysis of measles viruses in China 2009–2010. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O566-77. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Xu S, Zhang Y, Rivailler P, Wang H, Ji Y, Zhen Z, Mao N, Li C, Bellini WJ, Xu W, Rota PA. Evolutionary genetics of genotype H1 measles viruses in China from 1993 to 2012. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1892-1899. [PMID: 24914068 PMCID: PMC4135087 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.066746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Virologic surveillance is a critical component of measles management. One of the criteria for verification of elimination of endemic measles is genetic analysis of wild-type viruses to demonstrate lack of an indigenous genotype. Measles is yet to be eliminated in China, and genotype H1 has been detected continuously since virologic surveillance was initiated in 1993. Virologic surveillance has been very active in China, providing a unique opportunity to conduct a detailed study of the evolution of a single, endemic genotype over a timespan of nearly two decades. Phylogenetic analysis performed on the 450 nt coding sequence for the C-terminal 150 amino acids of the nucleoprotein (N-450), fusion (F) gene and haemagglutinin (H) gene confirmed the continued circulation of genotype H1 viruses for 19 years. No evidence of selective pressure for the H protein was found. The substitution rates ranged from 0.75×10(-3) substitutions site(-1) year(-1) for H to 1.65×10(-3) substitutions site(-1) year(-1) for N-450. The time of most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for genotype H1 was estimated as approximately 1985 (95 % highest probability density, 1979-1989). Finally, the overall diversity of measles sequences from China decreased from 2005 to 2012, coincident with a substantial decrease in measles cases. The results suggest that detailed evolutionary analyses should facilitate the documentation of eventual measles elimination in China. Moreover, the molecular approaches used in this study can be applied in other countries approaching measles elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Xu
- WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles for the Western Pacific Region, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles for the Western Pacific Region, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Pierre Rivailler
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Huiling Wang
- WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles for the Western Pacific Region, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yixin Ji
- WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles for the Western Pacific Region, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zhu Zhen
- WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles for the Western Pacific Region, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Naiying Mao
- WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles for the Western Pacific Region, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Chongshan Li
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai City, PR China
| | - William J Bellini
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles for the Western Pacific Region, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Paul A Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Xu S, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Liu C, Mao N, Ji Y, Wang H, Jiang X, Li C, Tang W, Feng D, Wang C, Zheng L, Lei Y, Ling H, Zhao C, Ma Y, He J, Wang Y, Li P, Guan R, Zhou S, Zhou J, Wang S, Zhang H, Zheng H, Liu L, Ma H, Guan J, Lu P, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Xiong Y, Ba Z, Chen H, Yang X, Bo F, Ma Y, Liang Y, Lei Y, Gu S, Liu W, Chen M, Featherstone D, Jee Y, Bellini WJ, Rota PA, Xu W. Genetic characterization of the hemagglutinin genes of wild-type measles virus circulating in china, 1993-2009. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73374. [PMID: 24073194 PMCID: PMC3779233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China experienced several large measles outbreaks in the past two decades, and a series of enhanced control measures were implemented to achieve the goal of measles elimination. Molecular epidemiologic surveillance of wild-type measles viruses (MeV) provides valuable information about the viral transmission patterns. Since 1993, virologic surveillnace has confirmed that a single endemic genotype H1 viruses have been predominantly circulating in China. A component of molecular surveillance is to monitor the genetic characteristics of the hemagglutinin (H) gene of MeV, the major target for virus neutralizing antibodies. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Analysis of the sequences of the complete H gene from 56 representative wild-type MeV strains circulating in China during 1993-2009 showed that the H gene sequences were clustered into 2 groups, cluster 1 and cluster 2. Cluster1 strains were the most frequently detected cluster and had a widespread distribution in China after 2000. The predicted amino acid sequences of the H protein were relatively conserved at most of the functionally significant amino acid positions. However, most of the genotype H1 cluster1 viruses had an amino acid substitution (Ser240Asn), which removed a predicted N-linked glycosylation site. In addition, the substitution of Pro397Leu in the hemagglutinin noose epitope (HNE) was identified in 23 of 56 strains. The evolutionary rate of the H gene of the genotype H1 viruses was estimated to be approximately 0.76×10(-3) substitutions per site per year, and the ratio of dN to dS (dN/dS) was <1 indicating the absence of selective pressure. CONCLUSIONS Although H genes of the genotype H1 strains were conserved and not subjected to selective pressure, several amino acid substitutions were observed in functionally important positions. Therefore the antigenic and genetic properties of H genes of wild-type MeVs should be monitored as part of routine molecular surveillance for measles in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Xu
- Regional Reference Measles Laboratory for the WHO Western Pacific Region, Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Regional Reference Measles Laboratory for the WHO Western Pacific Region, Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Regional Reference Measles Laboratory for the WHO Western Pacific Region, Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Naiying Mao
- Regional Reference Measles Laboratory for the WHO Western Pacific Region, Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Ji
- Regional Reference Measles Laboratory for the WHO Western Pacific Region, Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Regional Reference Measles Laboratory for the WHO Western Pacific Region, Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Regional Reference Measles Laboratory for the WHO Western Pacific Region, Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chongshan Li
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai City, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai City, China
| | - Daxing Feng
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Changyin Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yue Lei
- Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin City, China
| | - Hua Ling
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing City, China
| | - Chunfang Zhao
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing City, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jilan He
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian City, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Ronghui Guan
- Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian City, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Shujie Zhou
- Anhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jianhui Zhou
- Jilin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Jilin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Leng Liu
- Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Hemuti Ma
- Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumchi City, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumchi City, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Peishan Lu
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shunde Zhou
- Jiangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Jiangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhuoma Ba
- Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining City, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Xiuhui Yang
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fang Bo
- Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yake Lei
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Suyi Gu
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning City, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, China
| | - David Featherstone
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youngmee Jee
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Western Pacific Regional Office, World Health Organization, Manila, Philippines
| | - William J. Bellini
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Regional Reference Measles Laboratory for the WHO Western Pacific Region, Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Huang G, Yu D, Mao N, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Jiang Z, Li H, Zhang Y, Shi J, Zhang S, Wang X, Xu W. Viral etiology of acute respiratory infection in Gansu Province, China, 2011. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64254. [PMID: 23691184 PMCID: PMC3653869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the leading cause of children and their leading killer. ARIs are responsible for at least six percent of the world's disability and death. Viruses are one of the most common agents causing ARIs. Few studies on the viral etiology and clinical characteristics of ARIs have been performed in the northwest region of China, including Gansu Province. Methods Clinical and demographic information and throat swabs were collected from 279 patients from January 1st to December 30st, 2011. Multiplex RT-PCR was performed to detect 16 respiratory viral pathogens. Results 279 patients were admitted for ARIs. The patients aged from 1 month to 12 years, with the median age of 2 years. Of which, 105 (37.6%) were positive for at least one pathogen. A total of 136 respiratory viral pathogens were identified from the 105 patients. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most frequently detected pathogen (26.5%, 36/136), followed by parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1–3 (22.1%, 30/136), human rhinovirus (HRV) (21.3%, 29/136), human coronavirus (CoV) (10.3%, 14/136) and human adenovirus (HAdV) (9.6%, 13/136). Influenza A (Flu A), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human bocavirus (BoCA) were found 4.4%, 3.7% and 2.2%, respectively. Influenza B (Flu B) and seasonal influenza A H1N1(sH1N1) were not detected. Single-infections were detected in 30.5% (85/279) of cases. RSV was the most common pathogens in patients under 1 year and showed seasonal variation with peaks during winter and spring. Conclusions This paper presents data on the epidemiology of viral pathogens associated with ARIs among children in Gansu Province, China. RSV is most frequently detected in our study. The findings could serve as a reference for local CDC in drawing up further plans to prevent and control ARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Deshan Yu
- Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Naiying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XW); (WX)
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XW); (WX)
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Zhang Y, Tan X, Cui A, Mao N, Xu S, Zhu Z, Zhou J, Shi J, Zhao Y, Wang X, Huang X, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Tang W, Ling H, Xu W. Complete genome analysis of the C4 subgenotype strains of enterovirus 71: predominant recombination C4 viruses persistently circulating in China for 14 years. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56341. [PMID: 23441179 PMCID: PMC3575343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic recombination is a well-known phenomenon for enteroviruses. To investigate the genetic characterization and the potential recombination of enterovirus 71 (EV71) circulating in China, we determined the 16 complete genome sequences of EV71 isolated from Hand Foot Mouth Disease (HFMD) patients during the large scale outbreak and non-outbreak years since 1998 in China. The full length genome sequences of 16 Chinese EV71 in present study were aligned with 186 genome sequences of EV71 available from GenBank, including 104 China mainland and 82 international sequences, covering the time period of 1970-2011. The oldest strains of each subgenotype of EV71 and prototype strains of HEV-A were included to do the phylogenetic and Simplot analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all Chinese strains were clustered into C4 subgenotype of EV71, except for HuB/CHN/2009 clustered into A and Xiamen/CHN/2009 clustered into B5 subgenotype. Most of C4 EV71 were clustered into 2 predominant evolutionary branches: C4b and C4a evolutionary brunches. Our comprehensive recombination analysis showed the evidence of genome recombination of subgenotype C4 (including C4a and C4b) sequences between structural genes from genotype C EV71 and non-structural genes from the prototype strains of CAV16, 14 and 4, but the evidence of intratypic recombination between C4 strains and B subgenotype was not enough strong. This intertypic recombination C4 viruses were first seen in 1998 and became the predominant endemic viruses circulating in China mainland for at least 14 years. A shift between C4a and C4b evolutionary brunches of C4 recombination viruses were observed, and C4a viruses have been associated with large scale nationwide HFMD outbreak with higher morbidity and mortality since 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Tan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aili Cui
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Naiying Mao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songtao Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Shi
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Children Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueping Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Ling
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Mao N, Ji Y, Xie Z, Wang H, Wang H, An J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Cui A, Xu S, Shen K, Liu C, Yang W, Xu W. Human parainfluenza virus-associated respiratory tract infection among children and genetic analysis of HPIV-3 strains in Beijing, China. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43893. [PMID: 22937119 PMCID: PMC3429441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) to the epidemiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in China is unclear. From May 2008 to September 2010, 443 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from hospitalized pediatric patients (age from 1 to 93 months) in Beijing were collected and screened for HPIVs and other common respiratory viruses by real-time RT-PCR. Sixty-two of 443 samples were positive for HPIVs with 4 positive for HPIV-2 and 58 positive for HPIV-3, indicating that HPIV-3 was the predominant virus present during the study period. A phylogenetic tree based on all the available HN (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase) sequences of HPIV-3 indicated that three distinct clusters (A,B, and C) were circulating with some temporal and regional clustering. Cluster C was further divided into sub-clusters, C1, C2, C3 and C4. HPIV-3 from Beijing isolates belonged to sub-cluster C3, and were grouped with the isolates from two Provinces of China and the neighboring country of Japan. Genetic analysis based on entire HN gene revealed that the HPIV-3 isolates from Beijing were highly similar with 97.2%-100% identity at the nucleotide level and these could be divided into two closely related lineages, C3a and C3b. These findings suggested that there was co-circulation of multiple lineages of HPIV-3 in the Beijing region during the study period. This is the first study to describe the epidemiology and molecular characterization of HPIVs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiying Mao
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Ji
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjing An
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Cui
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Songtao Xu
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kunling Shen
- Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- Office for Disease Control and Emergency Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Ji Y, Xu S, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Mao N, Jiang X, Ma C, Lu P, Wang C, Liang Y, Zheng H, Liu Y, Dai D, Zheng L, Zhou J, Wang S, Zhang Z, Wu S, Nan L, Li L, Liang X, Featherstone DA, Rota PA, Bellini WJ, Xu W. Genetic characterization of wild-type measles viruses isolated in China, 2006-2007. Virol J 2010; 7:105. [PMID: 20500809 PMCID: PMC2887432 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of wild-type measles viruses in China during 1995-2004 demonstrated that genotype H1 was endemic and widely distributed throughout the country. H1-associated cases and outbreaks caused a resurgence of measles beginning in 2005. A total of 210,094 measles cases and 101 deaths were reported by National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System (NNDRS) and Chinese Measles Laboratory Network (LabNet) from 2006 to 2007, and the incidences of measles were 6.8/100,000 population and 7.2/100,000 population in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Five hundred and sixty-five wild-type measles viruses were isolated from 24 of 31 provinces in mainland China during 2006 and 2007, and all of the wild type virus isolates belonged to cluster 1 of genotype H1. These results indicated that H1-cluster 1 viruses were the predominant viruses circulating in China from 2006 to 2007. This study contributes to previous efforts to generate critical baseline data about circulating wild-type measles viruses in China that will allow molecular epidemiologic studies to help measure the progress made toward China's goal of measles elimination by 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ji
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology & Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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48
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Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Yang W, Ren J, Tan X, Wang Y, Mao N, Xu S, Zhu S, Cui A, Zhang Y, Yan D, Li Q, Dong X, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Wan J, Feng Z, Sun J, Wang S, Li D, Xu W. An emerging recombinant human enterovirus 71 responsible for the 2008 outbreak of hand foot and mouth disease in Fuyang city of China. Virol J 2010; 7:94. [PMID: 20459851 PMCID: PMC2885340 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), a common contagious disease that usually affects children, is normally mild but can have life-threatening manifestations. It can be caused by enteroviruses, particularly Coxsackieviruses and human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) with highly variable clinical manifestations. In the spring of 2008, a large, unprecedented HFMD outbreak in Fuyang city of Anhui province in the central part of southeastern China resulted in a high aggregation of fatal cases. In this study, epidemiologic and clinical investigations, laboratory testing, and genetic analyses were performed to identify the causal pathogen of the outbreak. Of the 6,049 cases reported between 1 March and 9 May of 2008, 3023 (50%) were hospitalized, 353 (5.8%) were severe and 22 (0.36%) were fatal. HEV71 was confirmed as the etiological pathogen of the outbreak. Phylogenetic analyses of entire VP1 capsid protein sequence of 45 Fuyang HEV71 isolates showed that they belong to C4a cluster of the C4 subgenotype. In addition, genetic recombinations were found in the 3D region (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a major component of the viral replication complex of the genome) between the Fuyang HEV71 strain and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), resulting in a recombination virus. In conclusion, an emerging recombinant HEV71 was responsible for the HFMD outbreak in Fuyang City of China, 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology & Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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49
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Cui A, Yu D, Zhu Z, Meng L, Li H, Liu J, Liu G, Mao N, Xu W. An outbreak of aseptic meningitis caused by coxsackievirus A9 in Gansu, the People's Republic of China. Virol J 2010; 7:72. [PMID: 20367886 PMCID: PMC2907575 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred in Tianshui city of Gansu Province, the People's Republic of China, from March to June 2005. A total of 85 patients were clinical confirmed as aseptic meningitis in this outbreak. RESULTS CVA9 was mainly responsible for this outbreak supported by the clinical manifestations of the patients, epidemiological data of the outbreak, the results of RT-PCR and complete VP1 sequence determination, conventional neutralization assays, IgM serological assays, viral isolation and phylogenetics analysis. Through phylogenetic analysis and homogeneity analysis for partial VP1 gene, the nucleotide and amino acid homologies between Gansu isolates and former Chinese CVA9 strains were 88.2%-96.1% and 97.2%-99.2%, respectively. Multiple transmission chains of CVA9 occurred in different provinces or years in China. Moreover, in order to clarify the genotype of CVA9, Gansu CVA9 strains isolated in this outbreak were compared with other CVA9 isolates based on VP1/2A junction regions (genotyping region) and they might belong to a new genotype of CVA9, which could be assigned for genotype XIII, CONCLUSIONS: CVA9 was confirmed as the pathogen responsible for this outbreak. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the CVA9 strains isolated in this outbreak might belong to a new genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Cui
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, PR China
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Mao N, Zhao L, Zhu Z, Chen X, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Cui A, Ji Y, Xu S, Xu W. An aseptic meningitis outbreak caused by echovirus 6 in Anhui province, China. J Med Virol 2010; 82:441-5. [PMID: 20087933 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of aseptic meningitis (AM) occurred in Jinzhai County in Anhui province from April to July in 2005. Totally, 97 children aged 3-15 years were hospitalized. To identify the etiologic agent, 77 cerebrospinal fluid specimens (CSF) and 5 fecal specimens were collected from the patients and cultured by human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line. Thirty isolates of human echovirus 6 (E6) from 27 CSF and 3 fecal specimens were confirmed by neutralization assay and sequencing analysis of the VP1 gene. The homology of VP1 gene among Anhui isolates was 99.7-100.0% and it indicated that this AM outbreak probable caused by a single transmission link of E6. Phylogenetic analysis based on all the available complete VP1 sequences indicated that E6 could be divided into clusters A, B, and C with at least 15% diversity between clusters and the C cluster could be further divided into C1, C2, C3, and C4. The Anhui isolates most resembled a 2005 strain from Russia (25465 Tambov) and belong to C4. This is the first report that E6 was responsible for an outbreak of AM in China. J. Med. Virol. 82:441-445, 2010. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiying Mao
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles Lab and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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