1
|
Kunrath MF, Farina G, Sturmer LBS, Teixeira ER. TiO 2 nanotubes as an antibacterial nanotextured surface for dental implants: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Mater 2024; 40:907-920. [PMID: 38714394 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nanotechnology is constantly advancing in dental science, progressing several features aimed at improving dental implants. An alternative for surface treatment of dental implants is electrochemical anodization, which may generate a nanotubular surface (TiO2 nanotubes) with antibacterial potential and osteoinductive features. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to elucidate the possible antibacterial properties of the surface in question compared to the untreated titanium surface. SOURCES For that purpose, was performed a systematic search on the bases PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Web Of Science, Cinahl, and Cochrane Central, as well as, manual searches and gray literature. STUDY SELECTION The searches resulted in 742 articles, of which 156 followed for full-text reading. Then, 37 were included in the systematic review and 8 were included in meta-analysis. RESULTS Fifteen studies revealed significant antibacterial protection using TiO2 nanotube surfaces, while 15 studies found no statistical difference between control and nanotextured surfaces. Meta-analysis of in vitro studies demonstrated relevant bacterial reduction only for studies investigating Staphylococcus aureus in a period of 6 h. Meta-analysis of in vivo studies revealed three times lower bacterial adhesion and proliferation on TiO2 nanotube surfaces. CONCLUSIONS TiO2 nanotube topography as a surface for dental implants in preclinical research has demonstrated a positive relationship with antibacterial properties, nevertheless, factors such as anodization protocols, bacteria strains, and mono-culture methods should be taken into consideration, consequently, further studies are necessary to promote clinical translatability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F Kunrath
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; School of Technology, Post-Graduate Program in Materials Technology and Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Georgia Farina
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza B S Sturmer
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Teixeira
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Safaei M, Mohammadi H, Beddu S, Mozaffari HR, Rezaei R, Sharifi R, Moradpoor H, Fallahnia N, Ebadi M, Md Jamil MS, Md Zain AR, Yusop MR. Surface Topography Steer Soft Tissue Response and Antibacterial Function at the Transmucosal Region of Titanium Implant. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4835-4856. [PMID: 38828200 PMCID: PMC11141758 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s461549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metallic dental implants have been extensively used in clinical practice due to their superior mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and aesthetic outcomes. However, their integration with the surrounding soft tissue at the mucosal region remains challenging and can cause implant failure due to the peri-implant immune microenvironment. The soft tissue integration of dental implants can be ameliorated through different surface modifications. This review discussed and summarized the current knowledge of topography-mediated immune response and topography-mediated antibacterial activity in Ti dental implants which enhance soft tissue integration and their clinical performance. For example, nanopillar-like topographies such as spinules, and spikes showed effective antibacterial activity in human salivary biofilm which was due to the lethal stretching of bacterial membrane between the nanopillars. The key findings of this review were (I) cross-talk between surface nanotopography and soft tissue integration in which the surface nanotopography can guide the perpendicular orientation of collagen fibers into connective tissue which leads to the stability of soft tissue, (II) nanotubular array could shift the macrophage phenotype from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) and manipulate the balance of osteogenesis/osteoclasia, and (III) surface nanotopography can provide specific sites for the loading of antibacterial agents and metallic nanoparticles of clinical interest functionalizing the implant surface. Silver-containing nanotubular topography significantly decreased the formation of fibrous encapsulation in per-implant soft tissue and showed synergistic antifungal and antibacterial properties. Although the Ti implants with surface nanotopography have shown promising in targeting soft tissue healing in vitro and in vivo through their immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties, however, long-term in vivo studies need to be conducted particularly in osteoporotic, and diabetic patients to ensure their desired performance with immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties. The optimization of product development is another challenging issue for its clinical translation, as the dental implant with surface nanotopography must endure implantation and operation inside the dental microenvironment. Finally, the sustainable release of metallic nanoparticles could be challenging to reduce cytotoxicity while augmenting the therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Safaei
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Advanced Dental Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohammadi
- Biomaterials Research Group, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Penang, 14300, Malaysia
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Salmia Beddu
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Reza Mozaffari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Razieh Rezaei
- Advanced Dental Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roohollah Sharifi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hedaiat Moradpoor
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nima Fallahnia
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mona Ebadi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Suzeren Md Jamil
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Rahimi Yusop
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao H, Jiang N, Niu Q, Mei S, Haugen HJ, Ma Q. Biocompatible Nanostructured Silver-Incorporated Implant Surfaces Show Effective Antibacterial, Osteogenic, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in vitro and in Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7359-7378. [PMID: 38090361 PMCID: PMC10711298 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s435415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely utilized in endosseous implants. However, their clinical efficacy is marred by complications arising from bacterial infections owing to their inadequate antibacterial properties. Consequently, enhancing the antibacterial attributes of implant surfaces stands as a pivotal objective in the realm of implantable materials research. Methods In this study, we employed sequential anodization and plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technology to fabricate a silver-embedded sparsely titania nanotube array (SNT) on the near-β titanium alloy Ti-5Zr-3Sn-5Mo-15Nb (TLM) implants. The surface characteristics, antimicrobial properties, biocompatibility, and osteogenic activity of the silver-nanomodified SNT implant (SNT Ag) surface, alongside peri-implant inflammatory responses, were meticulously assessed through a combination of in vitro and in vivo analyses. Results Compared with polished TLM and SNT, the silver-embedded SNT (SNT Ag) surface retained the basic shape of nanotubes and stably released Ag+ at the ppm level for a long time, which demonstrated an effective inhibition and bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) while maintaining ideal cytocompatibility. Additionally, the subtle modifications in nanotubular topography induced by silver implantation endowed SNT Ag with enhanced osteogenic activity and mitigated inflammatory capsulation in soft tissue peri-implants in a rat model. Conclusion Incorporating a silver-embedded SNT array onto the implant surface demonstrated robust antibacterial properties, impeccable cytocompatibility, exceptional osteogenic activity, and the potential to prevent inflammatory encapsulation around the implant site. The Silver-PIII modification strategy emerges as a highly promising approach for surface applications in endosseous implants and trans-gingival implant abutments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Stomatology, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qiannan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenglin Mei
- Xingrui Dental Clinic, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nahum EZ, Lugovskoy A, Lugovskoy S, Sobolev A. Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Nanotubes Loaded with Hydroxyapatite. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2743. [PMID: 37887894 PMCID: PMC10609259 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple method of synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes (TiNT) loaded with hydroxyapatite (HAP) is described. Such nanotubes find wide applications in various fields, including biomedicine, solar cells, and drug delivery, due to their bioactivity and potential for osseointegration. The Cp-Ti substrate was anodized at a constant voltage of 40 V, with the subsequent heat treatment at 450 °C. The resulting TiNT had a diameter of 100.3 ± 2.8 nm and a length of 3.5 ± 0.04 μm. The best result of the growth rate of HAP in Hanks' balanced salt solution (Hanks' BSS) was obtained in calcium glycerophosphate (CG = 0.1 g/L) when precipitates formed on the bottom and walls of the nanotubes. Structural properties, surface wettability, corrosion resistance, and growth rate of HAP as an indicator of the bioactivity of the coating have been studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), potentiodynamic polarization test (PPC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and contact angle (CA) measurements were used to characterize HAP-loaded nanotubes (HAP-TiNT). The CA, also serving as an indirect indicator of bioactivity, was 30.4 ± 1.1° for the TiNT not containing HAP. The contact angle value for HAP-TiNT produced in 0.1 g/L CG was 18.2 ± 1.2°, and for HAP-TiNT exposed to Hanks' BSS for 7 days, the CA was 7.2 ± 0.5°. The corrosion studies and measurement of HAP growth rates after a 7-day exposure to Hanks' BSS confirmed the result that TiNT processed in 0.1 g/L of CG exhibited the most significant capacity for HAP formation compared to the other tested samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander Sobolev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (E.Z.N.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kunrath MF, Gerhardt MDN. Trans-mucosal platforms for dental implants: Strategies to induce muco-integration and shield peri-implant diseases. Dent Mater 2023; 39:846-859. [PMID: 37537095 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trans-mucosal platforms connecting the bone-anchored implants to the prosthetic teeth are essential for the success of oral rehabilitation in implant dentistry. This region promotes a challenging environment for the successfulness of dental components due to the transitional characteristics between soft and hard tissues, the presence of bacteria, and mechanical forces. This review explored the most current approaches to modify trans-mucosal components in terms of macro-design and surface properties. METHODS This critical review article revised intensely the literature until July 2023 to demonstrate, discuss, and summarize the current knowledge about marketable and innovative trans-mucosal components for dental implants. RESULTS A large number of dental implant brands have promoted the development of several implant-abutment designs in the clinical market. The progress of abutment designs shows an optimistic reduction of bacteria colonization underlying the implant-abutment gap, although, not completely inhibited. Fundamental and preclinical studies have demonstrated promising outcomes for altered-surface properties targeting antibacterial properties and soft tissue sealing. Nanotopographies, biomimetic coatings, and antibiotic-release properties have been shown to be able to modulate, align, orient soft tissue cells, and induce a reduction in biofilm formation, suggesting superior abilities compared to the current trans-mucosal platforms available on the market. SIGNIFICANCE Future clinical implant-abutments show the possibility to reduce peri-implant diseases and fortify soft tissue interaction with the implant-substrate, defending the implant system from bacteria invasion. However, the absence of technologies translated to commercial stages reveals the need for findings to "bridge the gap" between scientific evidences published and applied science in the industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F Kunrath
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden; School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; School of Technology, Post-Graduate Program in Materials Technology and Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maurício do N Gerhardt
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
da Silva IR, Barreto ATDS, Seixas RS, Paes PNG, Lunz JDN, Thiré RMDSM, Jardim PM. Novel Strategy for Surface Modification of Titanium Implants towards the Improvement of Osseointegration Property and Antibiotic Local Delivery. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2755. [PMID: 37049048 PMCID: PMC10095684 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The topography and chemical composition modification of titanium (Ti) implants play a decisive role in improving biocompatibility and bioactivity, accelerating osseointegration, and, thus, determining clinical success. In spite of the development of surface modification strategies, bacterial contamination is a common cause of failure. The use of systemic antibiotic therapy does not guarantee action at the contaminated site. In this work, we proposed a surface treatment for Ti implants that aim to improve their osseointegration and reduce bacterial colonization in surgery sites due to the local release of antibiotic. The Ti discs were hydrothermally treated with 3M NaOH solution to form a nanostructured layer of titanate on the Ti surface. Metronidazole was impregnated on these nanostructured surfaces to enable its local release. The samples were coated with poly(vinyl alcohol)-PVA films with different thickness to evaluate a possible control of drug release. Gamma irradiation was used to crosslink the polymer chains to achieve hydrogel layer formation and to sterilize the samples. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, contact angle measurements, "in vitro" bioactivity, and drug release analysis. The alkaline hydrothermal treatment successfully produced intertwined, web-like nanostructures on the Ti surface, providing wettability and bioactivity to the Ti samples (Ti + TTNT samples). Metronidazole was successfully loaded and released from the Ti + TTNT samples coated or not with PVA. Although the polymeric film acted as a physical barrier to drug delivery, all groups reached the minimum inhibitory concentration for anaerobic bacteria. Thus, the surface modification method presented is a potential approach to improve the osseointegration of Ti implants and to associate local drug delivery with dental implants, preventing early infections and bone failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Rocha da Silva
- COPPE/Program of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (PEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto
- Graduation Program in Nanobiosystems, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Duque de Caxias 25240-005, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Santos Seixas
- COPPE/Program of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (PEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Nunes Guimarães Paes
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana do Nascimento Lunz
- Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Xerem 25250-020, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rossana Mara da Silva Moreira Thiré
- COPPE/Program of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (PEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Mendes Jardim
- COPPE/Program of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (PEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Heydariyan Z, Soofivand F, Dawi EA, Abd Al-Kahdum SA, Hameed NM, Salavati-Niasari M. A comprehensive review: Different approaches for encountering of bacterial infection of dental implants and improving their properties. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
8
|
Kunrath MF, Shah FA, Dahlin C. Bench-to-bedside: Feasibility of nano-engineered and drug-delivery biomaterials for bone-anchored implants and periodontal applications. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100540. [PMID: 36632628 PMCID: PMC9826856 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology and drug-release biomaterials have been thoroughly explored in the last few years aiming to develop specialized clinical treatments. However, it is rare to find biomaterials associated with drug delivery properties in the current dental market for application in oral bone- and periodontal-related procedures. The gap between basic scientific evidence and translation to a commercial product remains wide. Several challenges have been reported regarding the clinical translation of biomaterials with drug-delivery systems (BDDS) and nanofeatures. Therefore, processes for BDDS development, application in preclinical models, drug delivery doses, sterilization processes, storage protocols and approval requirements were explored in this review, associated with tentative solutions for these issues. The diversity of techniques and compounds/molecules applied to develop BDDS demands a case-by-case approach to manufacturing and validating a commercial biomaterial. Promising outcomes such as accelerated tissue healing and higher antibacterial response have been shown through basic and preclinical studies using BDDS and nano-engineered biomaterials; however, the adequate process for sterilization, storage, cost-effectiveness and possible cytotoxic effects remains unclear for multifunctional biomaterials incorporated with different chemical compounds; then BDDSs are rarely translated into products. The future benefits of BDDS and nano-engineered biomaterials have been reported suggesting personalized clinical treatment and a promising reduction in the use of systemic antibiotics. Finally, the launch of these specialized biomaterials with solid data and controlled traceability onto the market will generate strong specificity for healthcare treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F. Kunrath
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden,Department of Dentistry, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil,Corresponding author. Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Furqan A. Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christer Dahlin
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Surface characteristics are an important factor for long-term clinical success of dental implants. Alterations of implant surface characteristics accelerate or improve osseointegration by interacting with the physiology of bone healing. Dental implant surfaces have been traditionally modified at the microlevel. Recently, researchers have actively investigated nano-modifications in dental implants. This review explores implant surface modifications that enhance biological response at the interface between a bone and the implant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Sung Luke Yeo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim SK, Murugan SS, Dalavi PA, Gupta S, Anil S, Seong GH, Venkatesan J. Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:1051-1067. [PMID: 36247529 PMCID: PMC9531556 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic materials for better bone graft substitutes are a thrust area of research among researchers and clinicians. Autografts, allografts, and synthetic grafts are often utilized to repair and regenerate bone defects. Autografts are still considered the gold-standard method/material to treat bone-related issues with satisfactory outcomes. It is important that the material used for bone tissue repair is simultaneously osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic. To overcome this problem, researchers have tried several ways to develop different materials using chitosan-based nanocomposites of silver, copper, gold, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and biosilica. The combination of materials helps in the expression of ideal bone formation genes of alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenic protein, runt-related transcription factor-2, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. In vitro and in vivo studies highlight the scientific findings of antibacterial activity, tissue integration, stiffness, mechanical strength, and degradation behaviour of composite materials for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do 11558, Korea
| | - Sesha Subramanian Murugan
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Pandurang Appana Dalavi
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Sebanti Gupta
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gi Hun Seong
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Jayachandran Venkatesan
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Effect of electrochemical oxidation and drug loading on the antibacterial properties and cell biocompatibility of titanium substrates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8595. [PMID: 35597786 PMCID: PMC9124201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${\text{ TiO}}_{2}$$\end{document}TiO2 nanotube array (TON) and controlled drug release system is employed to provide enhanced surface properties of titanium implants. Electrochemical anodization process is used to generate TON for introducing, vancomycin, an effective antibacterial drug against Staphylococcusaureus. TON loaded vancomycin is then coated with a number of layers of 10% gelatin using spin coating technique. The gelatin film is reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles to improve the surface bioactivity. The surface of the samples is characterized by field emission electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and contact angle measurement. The results illustrate that the TON was constructed and vancomycin molecules are successfully loaded. The drug release study shows that the amount of released vancomycin is controlled by the thickness of gelatin layers. With an increase in gelatin film layers from 3 to 7, the release of vancomycin in the burst release phase decreased from 58 to 31%, and sustained release extended from 10 to 17 days. The addition of GO nanoparticles seems to reduce drug release in from 31 to 22% (burst release phase) and prolonged drug release (from 17 to 19 days). MTT assay indicates that samples show no cytotoxicity, and combination of GO nanoparticles with gelatin coating could highly promote MG63 cell proliferation. Soaking the samples in SBF solution after 3 and 7 days demonstrates that hydroxy apatite crystals were deposited on the TON surface with GO-gelatin coating more than surface of TON with gelatin. Moreover, based on the results of disc diffusion assay, both samples (loaded with Vancomycin and coated with gelatin and gelatin-GO) with the inhibition zones equaled to 20 mm show effective antibacterial properties against S. aureus. The evidence demonstrates that titania nanotube loaded with vancomycin and coated with gelatin-GO has a great potential for general applicability to the orthopedic implant field.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim JC, Lee M, Yeo ISL. Three interfaces of the dental implant system and their clinical effects on hard and soft tissues. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1387-1411. [PMID: 35293401 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01621k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anatomically, the human tooth has structures both embedded within and forming part of the exterior surface of the human body. When a tooth is lost, it is often replaced by a dental implant, to facilitate the chewing of food and for esthetic purposes. For successful substitution of the lost tooth, hard tissue should be integrated into the implant surface. The microtopography and chemistry of the implant surface have been explored with the aim of enhancing osseointegration. Additionally, clinical implant success is dependent on ensuring that a barrier, comprising strong gingival attachment to an abutment, does not allow the infiltration of oral bacteria into the bone-integrated surface. Epithelial and connective tissue cells respond to the abutment surface, depending on its surface characteristics and the materials from which it is made. In particular, the biomechanics of the implant-abutment connection structure (i.e., the biomechanics of the interface between implant and abutment surfaces, and the screw mechanics of the implant-abutment assembly) are critical for both the soft tissue seal and hard tissue integration. Herein, we discuss the clinical importance of these three interfaces: bone-implant, gingiva-abutment, and implant-abutment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Chan Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Min Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - In-Sung Luke Yeo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Impact of Early Saliva Interaction on Dental Implants and Biomaterials for Oral Regeneration: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042024. [PMID: 35216139 PMCID: PMC8875286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of saliva in the oral environment is relevant for several essential health processes. However, the noncontrolled early saliva interaction with biomaterials manufactured for oral rehabilitation may generate alterations in the superficial properties causing negative biological outcomes. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a compilation of all possible physical-chemical-biological changes caused by the early saliva interaction in dental implants and materials for oral regeneration. Dental implants, bone substitutes and membranes in dentistry possess different properties focused on improving the healing process when in contact with oral tissues. The early saliva interaction was shown to impair some positive features present in biomaterials related to quick cellular adhesion and proliferation, such as surface hydrophilicity, cellular viability and antibacterial properties. Moreover, biomaterials that interacted with contaminated saliva containing specific bacteria demonstrated favorable conditions for increased bacterial metabolism. Additionally, the quantity of investigations associating biomaterials with early saliva interaction is still scarce in the current literature and requires clarification to prevent clinical failures. Therefore, clinically, controlling saliva exposure to sites involving the application of biomaterials must be prioritized in order to reduce impairment in important biomaterial properties developed for rapid healing.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim SY, Kim YK, Jang YS, Lee MH. Enhancement of Biofunctionalization by Loading Manuka Oil on TiO 2 Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030569. [PMID: 35159914 PMCID: PMC8838098 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metallic implants (mesh) for guided bone regeneration can result in foreign body reactions with surrounding tissues, infection, and inflammatory reactions caused by micro-organisms in the oral cavity after implantation. This study aimed to reduce the possibility of surgical failure caused by microbial infection by loading antibacterial manuka oil in a biocompatible nanostructure surface on Ti and to induce stable bone regeneration in the bone defect. The manuka oil from New Zealand consisted of a rich β-triketone chemotype, leptospermone, which showed strong inhibitory effects against several bacteria, even at very low oil concentrations. The TiO2 nanotubular layer formed by anodization effectively enhanced the surface hydrophilicity, bioactivity, and fast initial bone regeneration. A concentration of manuka oil in the range of 0.02% to less than 1% can have a synergistic effect on antibacterial activity and excellent biocompatibility. A manuka oil coating (especially with a concentration of 0.5%) on the TiO2 nanotube layer can be expected not only to prevent stenosis of the connective tissue around the mesh and inflammation by microbial infection but also to be effective in stable and rapid bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min-Ho Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +82-63-270-4040
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Titania Nanotube Architectures Synthesized on 3D-Printed Ti-6Al-4V Implant and Assessing Vancomycin Release Protocols. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216576. [PMID: 34772102 PMCID: PMC8585365 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to synthesize Titania nanotubes (TNTs) on the 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V surface and investigate the loading of antibacterial vancomycin drug dose of 200 ppm for local drug treatment application for 24 h. The antibacterial drug release from synthesized nanotubes evaluated via the chemical surface measurement and the linear fitting of Korsmeyer–Peppas model was also assessed. The TNTs were synthesized on the Ti-6Al-4V surface through the anodization process at different anodization time. The TNTs morphology was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The wettability and the chemical composition of the Ti-6Al-4V surface and the TNTs were assessed using the contact angle meter, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The vancomycin of 200 ppm release behavior under controlled atmosphere was measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and hence, the position for retention time at 2.5 min was ascertained. The FESEM analysis confirmed the formation of nanostructured TNTs with vertically oriented, closely packed, smooth and unperforated walls. The maximum cumulative vancomycin release of 34.7% (69.5 ppm) was recorded at 24 h. The wetting angle of both Ti-6Al-4V implant and the TNTs were found below 90 degrees. This confirmed their excellent wettability.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kunrath MF, Muradás TC, Penha N, Campos MM. Innovative surfaces and alloys for dental implants: What about biointerface-safety concerns? Dent Mater 2021; 37:1447-1462. [PMID: 34426019 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present review article aimed to discuss the recent technologies employed for the development of dental implants, mainly regarding innovative surface treatments and alternative alloys, emphasizing the bio-tribocorrosion processes. METHODS An electronic search applying specific MeSH terms was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar databases to collect data until August 2021, considering basic, pre-clinical, clinical and review studies. The relevant articles (n=111), focused on innovative surface treatments for dental implants and their potential undesirable biological effects, were selected and explored. RESULTS Novel texturization methodologies for dental implants clearly provided superficial and structural atomic alterations in micro- and nanoscale, promoting different mechanical-chemical interactions when applied in the clinical set. Some particulate metals released from implant surfaces, their degradation products and/or contaminants exhibited local and systemic reactions after implant installation and osseointegration, contributing to unexpected treatment drawbacks and adverse effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for development of pre-clinical and clinical platforms for screening dental implant devices, to predict the biointerface reactions as early as possible during the development phases. SIGNIFICANCE Modern surface treatments and innovative alloys developed for dental implants are not completely understood regarding their integrity during long-term clinical function, especially when considering the bio-tribocorrosion process. From this review, it is possible to assume that degradation and contamination of dental surfaces might be associated within peri-implant inflammation and cumulative long-lasting systemic toxicity. The in-depth comprehension of the biointerface modifications on these novel surface treatments might preclude unnecessary expenses and postoperative complications involving osseointegration failures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F Kunrath
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Thaís C Muradás
- Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Maria M Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Titanium dioxide nanotubes as drug carriers for infection control and osteogenesis of bone implants. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1456-1474. [PMID: 33942245 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Titanium implants have been widely used as one of the most effective treatments of bone defects. However, the lack of osteogenesis and bacteria-resistant activities result in high infection and loosening rates of titanium implants. Anodic oxidation could easily construct titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) array on the surface of titanium, and the rough surface of TNTs is beneficial to the growth of osteoblast-related cells on the surface. And TNTs could be excellent drug carriers because of their single-entry tubular hollow structure. In this review, we aim at detailing the application of TNTs as drug carriers in the field of bone implants. Starting from the topography of TNTs, we illustrated the biological activity of the TNTs surface, the drugs for loading in TNTs, and the controlled and responsive release strategies of drug-loaded TNTs, respectively. At the end of this review, the shortcomings of TNTs as the drug carrier in the field of bone implants are discussed, and the development direction of this research field is also prospected.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kunrath MF, Campos MM. Metallic-nanoparticle release systems for biomedical implant surfaces: effectiveness and safety. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:721-739. [PMID: 33896331 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1915401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current focus of bioengineering for implant devices involves the development of functionalized surfaces, bioactive coatings, and metallic nanoparticles (mNPs) with a controlled release, together with strategies for the application of drugs in situ, aiming at reducing infection rates, with an improvement of clinical outcomes. Controversially, negative aspects, such as cytotoxicity, mNP incorporation, bioaccumulation, acquired autoimmunity, and systemic toxicity have gained attention at the same status of importance, concerning the release of mNPs from these surface systems. The balance between the promising prospects of system releasing mNPs and the undesirable long-term adverse reactions require further investigation. The scarcity of knowledge and the methods of analysis of nanoscale-based systems to control the sequence of migration, interaction, and nanoparticle incorporation with human tissues raise hesitation about their efficacy and safety. Looking ahead, this innovative approach requires additional scientific investigation for permitting an evolution of implants without counterpoints, while updating implant surface technologies to a new level of development. This critical review has explored the promising properties of metals at the nano-scale to promote broad-spectrum bacterial control, allowing for a decrease in using systemic antibiotics. Attempts have also been made to discuss the existing limitations and the future challenges regarding these technologies, besides the negative findings that are explored in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F Kunrath
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria M Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nastruzzi A, Cicerchia F, Fortini A, Nastruzzi C. Gold hard anodized (GHA) materials with antimicrobial surface properties: mechanical, tribological, and microbiological characterization. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:249-263. [PMID: 33585794 PMCID: PMC7871168 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Infections acquired in public spaces (i.e., transports, restaurants, and bars, hospitals) present a serious burden for the entire health systems. In this respect, appropriate preventative and control measures in order to eliminate or reduce the negative effects of surface-transmitted infections appear highly desirable. Alongside recommendations for treatment and hygiene, antimicrobial material surfaces can offer indeed an important contribution to the prevention of infections. The aim of the current paper is therefore to describe the preparation and characterization of a new material obtained by an innovative anodic oxidation, defined as golden hard anodizing GHA. The anodic oxide surface thanks to the nanoporous structure acts as reservoir of silver ions (Ag+) which in turn confer antimicrobial properties to the material surface. Specifically, the manuscript presents a thorough preparation and characterization of a new material obtained by an innovative anodic oxidation treatment applied on commercially available aluminum alloys including the microscopic analysis and the description of the antimicrobial performances against a number of microorganisms, including among the others, Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. More specifically, the current article describes some of the properties of GHA materials. The tribological properties of GHA were evaluated through experimental tests performed with a pin-on-disk tribometer. The morphology of the wear surfaces was studied by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and profilometry investigations. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the possible anticorrosive properties of GHA, tests in neutral salt spray are in addition described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annalisa Fortini
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Nastruzzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Quarterman JC, Geary SM, Salem AK. Evolution of drug-eluting biomedical implants for sustained drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 159:21-35. [PMID: 33338604 PMCID: PMC7856224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the field of drug delivery, the most commonly used treatments have traditionally been systemically delivered using oral or intravenous administration. The problems associated with this type of delivery is that the drug concentration is controlled by first pass metabolism, and therefore may not always remain within the therapeutic window. Implantable drug delivery systems (IDDSs) are an excellent alternative to traditional delivery because they offer the ability to precisely control the drug release, deliver drugs locally to the target tissue, and avoid the toxic side effects often experienced with systemic administration. Since the creation of the first FDA-approved IDDS in 1990, there has been a surge in research devoted to fabricating and testing novel IDDS formulations. The versatility of these systems is evident when looking at the various biomedical applications that utilize IDDSs. This review provides an overview of the history of IDDSs, with examples of the different types of IDDS formulations, as well as looking at current and future biomedical applications for such systems. Though there are still obstacles that need to be overcome, ever-emerging new technologies are making the manufacturing of IDDSs a rewarding therapeutic endeavor with potential for further improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C Quarterman
- University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, 180 S. Grand Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Sean M Geary
- University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, 180 S. Grand Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, 180 S. Grand Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Application of Selected Nanomaterials and Ozone in Modern Clinical Dentistry. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020259. [PMID: 33498453 PMCID: PMC7909445 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review is an attempt to summarize current research on ozone, titanium dioxide (TiO2), silver (Ag), copper oxide CuO and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs). These agents can be used in various fields of dentistry such as conservative dentistry, endodontic, prosthetic or dental surgery. Nanotechnology and ozone can facilitate the dentist’s work by providing antimicrobial properties to dental materials or ensuring a decontaminated work area. However, the high potential of these agents for use in medicine should be confirmed in further research due to possible side effects, especially in long duration of observation so that the best way to apply them can be obtained.
Collapse
|
22
|
Silver-Deposited Nanoparticles on the Titanium Nanotubes Surface as a Promising Antibacterial Material into Implants. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The main disadvantage of the implants is the associated infections. Therefore, in the long term, the possibility of improving the antibacterial capacity of different types of implants (dental, orthopedic) is being researched. The severity of the problem lies in the increasing bacterial resistance and finding appropriate alternative treatments for infectious diseases, which is an important research field nowadays. The purpose of this review is to draw a parallel between different studies analyzing the antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles (NP Ag) deposited on the titanium nanotubes (NTT), as well as the analysis of the NP Ag toxicity. This review also provides an overview of the synthesis and characterization of TiO2-derived nanotubes (NT). Thus, the analysis aims to present the existing knowledge to better understand the NP Ag implants benefits and their antibacterial activity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Martinez-Marquez D, Delmar Y, Sun S, Stewart RA. Exploring Macroporosity of Additively Manufactured Titanium Metamaterials for Bone Regeneration with Quality by Design: A Systematic Literature Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4794. [PMID: 33121025 PMCID: PMC7662257 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing facilitates the design of porous metal implants with detailed internal architecture. A rationally designed porous structure can provide to biocompatible titanium alloys biomimetic mechanical and biological properties for bone regeneration. However, increased porosity results in decreased material strength. The porosity and pore sizes that are ideal for porous implants are still controversial in the literature, complicating the justification of a design decision. Recently, metallic porous biomaterials have been proposed for load-bearing applications beyond surface coatings. This recent science lacks standards, but the Quality by Design (QbD) system can assist the design process in a systematic way. This study used the QbD system to explore the Quality Target Product Profile and Ideal Quality Attributes of additively manufactured titanium porous scaffolds for bone regeneration with a biomimetic approach. For this purpose, a total of 807 experimental results extracted from 50 different studies were benchmarked against proposed target values based on bone properties, governmental regulations, and scientific research relevant to bone implants. The scaffold properties such as unit cell geometry, pore size, porosity, compressive strength, and fatigue strength were studied. The results of this study may help future research to effectively direct the design process under the QbD system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rodney A. Stewart
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (D.M.-M.); (Y.D.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kunrath MF, Diz FM, Magini R, Galárraga-Vinueza ME. Nanointeraction: The profound influence of nanostructured and nano-drug delivery biomedical implant surfaces on cell behavior. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102265. [PMID: 33007580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces feature promising biological properties on biomaterials attracting large interest at basic research, implant industry development, and bioengineering applications. Thou, nanoscale interactions at a molecular and cellular level are not yet completely understood and its biological and clinical implications need to be further elucidated. As follows, the aim of this comprehensive review was to evaluate nanostructured surfaces at biomedical implants focusing on surface development, nanostructuration, and nanoengineered drug delivery systems that can induce specific cell interactions in all relevant aspects of biological, reparative, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and clinical processes. The methods and the physio-chemical properties involved in nanotopography performance, the main cellular characteristics involved at surface/cell interaction, and a summary of results and outlooks reported in studies applying nanostructured surfaces and nano-drug delivery systems is presented. The future prospects and commercial translation of this developing field, particularly concerning multifunctional nanostructured surfaces and its clinical implications are further discussed. At a cellular level, nanostructured biomedical implant surfaces can enhance osteogenesis by targeting osteoblasts, osteocytes, and mesenchymal cells, stimulate fibroblast/epithelial cells proliferation and adherence, inhibit bacterial cell proliferation and biofilm accumulation, and act as immune-modulating surfaces targeting macrophages and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, several methodological options to create drug-delivery systems on metallic implant surfaces are available, however, the clinical translation is yet incomplete. The efficiency of which nanostructured/nano-delivery surfaces may target specific cell interactions and favor clinical outcomes needs to be further elucidated in pre-clinical and clinical studies, along with engineering solutions for commercial translation and approval of controlling agencies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kunrath MF, Monteiro MS, Gupta S, Hubler R, de Oliveira SD. Influence of titanium and zirconia modified surfaces for rapid healing on adhesion and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
26
|
Kunrath MF, Vargas ALM, Sesterheim P, Teixeira ER, Hubler R. Extension of hydrophilicity stability by reactive plasma treatment and wet storage on TiO 2 nanotube surfaces for biomedical implant applications. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200650. [PMID: 32993437 PMCID: PMC7536041 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro and nanoscale changes allow the optimization of physico-chemical properties of titanium implant surfaces. Recently UV and plasma treatments have allowed surface hydrophilicity to take increased prominence; however, this beneficial effect is short-lived. The aim of this study is to investigate methodologies post-anodizing treatment to generate and maintain high surface hydrophilicity along with high biocompatibility. Anodized surfaces were characterized regarding physical-chemical properties. Then, surface wettability with nanomorphology was evaluated at different times and with distinct post-treatments: as deposited, with a reactive plasma and UV-light post-treatment, stored in air or deionized (DI) water. Adhesion, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone cell viability tests were executed after the incremental treatments. The anodizing process generated a surface with TiO2 nanotubes morphology and micro-roughness. Plasma-treated surfaces resulted in the most hydrophilic samples and this property was maintained for a longer period when those were stored in DI water (angle variation of 7° to 12° in 21 days). Furthermore, plasma post-treatment changed the titanium surface crystalline phase from amorphous to anatase. Anodized surfaces modified by reactive plasma and stored in DI water suggest better hydrophilicity stability, biocompatibility, ALP activity and achievement of crystalline phase alteration, indicating future potential use on biomedical implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F. Kunrath
- Dentistry Department, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, P.O. Box 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
- Materials and Nanoscience Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), P.O. Box 1429, 90619-900, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - André L. M. Vargas
- Materials and Nanoscience Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), P.O. Box 1429, 90619-900, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sesterheim
- Institute of Cardiology, R. Domingos Crescencio, P.O. Box 132, 90650-090, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R. Teixeira
- Dentistry Department, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, P.O. Box 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Hubler
- Materials and Nanoscience Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), P.O. Box 1429, 90619-900, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Effect of the Porosity, Roughness, Wettability, and Charge of Micro-Arc Coatings on the Efficiency of Doxorubicin Delivery and Suppression of Cancer Cells. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10070664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porous calcium phosphate coatings were formed by the micro-arc oxidation method on the surface of titanium for the loading and controlled release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. The coatings’ morphology and microstructure were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The phase composition was determined with the help of X-ray diffraction analysis. Studies of the hydrophilic properties of the coatings and their zeta potential were carried out. Data on the kinetics of doxorubicin adsorption-desorption were obtained. In addition, the effect of calcium phosphate coatings impregnated with doxorubicin on the viability of the Neuro-2a cell line was revealed. The coating formed at low voltages of 200–250 V contained a greater number of branched communicating pores, and therefore they were able to adsorb a greater amount of doxorubicin. The surface charge also contributes to the process of the adsorption-desorption of doxorubicin, but this effect is not fully understood and further studies are required to identify it.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kuchur OA, Tsymbal SA, Shestovskaya MV, Serov NS, Dukhinova MS, Shtil AA. Metal-derived nanoparticles in tumor theranostics: Potential and limitations. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 209:111117. [PMID: 32473483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Initially, metal derived nanoparticles have been used exclusively as contrasting agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Today, green routes of chemical synthesis together with numerous modifications of the core and surface gave rise to a plethora of biomedical applications of metal derived nanoparticles including tumor imaging, diagnostics, and therapy. These materials are an emerging class of tools for tumor theranostics. Nevertheless, the spectrum of clinically approved metal nanoparticles remains narrow, as the safety, specificity and efficiency still have to be improved. In this review we summarize the major directions for development and biomedical applications of metal based nanoparticles and analyze their effects on tumor cells and microenvironment. We discuss the advantages and possible limitations of metal nanoparticle-based tumor theranostics, as well as the potential strategies to improve the in vivo performance of these unique materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O A Kuchur
- International Institute 'Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies', ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - S A Tsymbal
- International Institute 'Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies', ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - M V Shestovskaya
- International Institute 'Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies', ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Serov
- International Institute 'Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies', ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - M S Dukhinova
- International Institute 'Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies', ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A A Shtil
- International Institute 'Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies', ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Science, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Angulo-Pineda C, Srirussamee K, Palma P, Fuenzalida VM, Cartmell SH, Palza H. Electroactive 3D Printed Scaffolds Based on Percolated Composites of Polycaprolactone With Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide for Antibacterial and Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E428. [PMID: 32121237 PMCID: PMC7152842 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Applying electrical stimulation (ES) could affect different cellular mechanisms, thereby producing a bactericidal effect and an increase in human cell viability. Despite its relevance, this bioelectric effect has been barely reported in percolated conductive biopolymers. In this context, electroactive polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with conductive Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide (TrGO) nanoparticles were obtained by a 3D printing method. Under direct current (DC) along the percolated scaffolds, a strong antibacterial effect was observed, which completely eradicated S. aureus on the surface of scaffolds. Notably, the same ES regime also produced a four-fold increase in the viability of human mesenchymal stem cells attached to the 3D conductive PCL/TrGO scaffold compared with the pure PCL scaffold. These results have widened the design of novel electroactive composite polymers that could both eliminate the bacteria adhered to the scaffold and increase human cell viability, which have great potential in tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Angulo-Pineda
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
- Millenium Nuclei in Soft Smart Mechanical Metamaterials, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
| | - Kasama Srirussamee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
| | - Patricia Palma
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
| | | | - Sarah H. Cartmell
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Humberto Palza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
- Millenium Nuclei in Soft Smart Mechanical Metamaterials, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Modifications of Dental Implant Surfaces at the Micro- and Nano-Level for Enhanced Osseointegration. MATERIALS 2019; 13:ma13010089. [PMID: 31878016 PMCID: PMC6982017 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review paper describes several recent modification methods for biocompatible titanium dental implant surfaces. The micro-roughened surfaces reviewed in the literature are sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched, and anodically oxidized. These globally-used surfaces have been clinically investigated, showing survival rates higher than 95%. In the past, dental clinicians believed that eukaryotic cells for osteogenesis did not recognize the changes of the nanostructures of dental implant surfaces. However, research findings have recently shown that osteogenic cells respond to chemical and morphological changes at a nanoscale on the surfaces, including titanium dioxide nanotube arrangements, functional peptide coatings, fluoride treatments, calcium–phosphorus applications, and ultraviolet photofunctionalization. Some of the nano-level modifications have not yet been clinically evaluated. However, these modified dental implant surfaces at the nanoscale have shown excellent in vitro and in vivo results, and thus promising potential future clinical use.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kunrath MF, Lombardo EM. Drug Delivery Surfaces for Oral Implant Applications: Current View and Perspectives. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 77:2370-2371. [PMID: 31442417 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.06.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Ferreira Kunrath
- PhD Student in Dental Sciences, Dentistry Department, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Madruga Lombardo
- PhD Student in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry Department, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|