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Takman M, Betsholtz A, Davidsson Å, Cimbritz M, Svahn O, Karlsson S, Karstenskov Østergaard S, Lund Nielsen J, Falås P. Biological degradation of organic micropollutants in GAC filters-temporal development and spatial variations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134449. [PMID: 38733780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The capacity for organic micropollutant removal in granular activated carbon (GAC) filters for wastewater treatment changes over time. These changes are in general attributed to changes in adsorption, but may in some cases also be affected by biological degradation. Knowledge on the degradation of organic micropollutants, however, is scarce. In this work, the degradation of micropollutants in several full-scale GAC and sand filters was investigated through incubation experiments over a period of three years, using 14C-labeled organic micropollutants with different susceptibilities to biological degradation (ibuprofen, diclofenac, and carbamazepine), with parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the degradation of diclofenac and ibuprofen in GAC filters increased with increasing numbers of bed volumes when free oxygen was available in the filter, while variations over filter depth were limited. Despite relatively large differences in bacterial composition between filters, a degradation of diclofenac was consistently observed for the GAC filters that had been operated with high influent oxygen concentration (DO >8 mg/L). The results of this comprehensive experimental work provide an increased understanding of the interactions between microbial composition, filter material, and oxygen availability in the biological degradation of organic micropollutants in GAC filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Takman
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Alexander Betsholtz
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Davidsson
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Cimbritz
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Svahn
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, SE-291 39 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | | | | | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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2
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Jiang Q, Wang Y, Tian L, Liu Y, Liu J, He G, Li J. Pilot-scale and mechanistic study of the degradation of typical odors and organic compounds in drinking water by a combined UV/H 2O 2-BAC process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133419. [PMID: 34982966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Odor problems are challenging issues in water treatment. Advanced oxidation has a significant degradation effect on these odors; however, some issues, such as oxidant residues and disinfection byproducts, exist in the use of advanced oxidation in actual water treatment. Because of the above issues, a combined advanced oxidation process has emerged-the UV/H2O2 -biological activated carbon (BAC) process can play a strong oxidizing role in advanced oxidation and uses the physical adsorption and biological effects of activated carbon. However, there have been few studies on the odor degradation mechanism and characteristics of activated carbon biofilms in actual water treatment. This paper systematically studied the organic and odor substances removal effects and mechanism of a pilot combined UV/H2O2-BAC process. The results showed that UV/H2O2-BAC technology had a good removal effect on odor substances under long-term stable operation. The concentrations of geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) after systemic treatment were below 5 ng/L. The removal rates of DOC, UV254 and H2O2 by the combined process were 53.60%, 73.08% and 60.20%, respectively. The results of full-scan determination of GSM and 2-MIB degradation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were consistent with those of front-track analysis. The diversity, richness and evenness of microorganisms in the lower activated carbon layer were higher than those in the middle and upper activated carbon layers. The greater the difference in the carbon layer height was, the greater the difference in the biological community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Jiang
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 250101, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonglei Wang
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 250101, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liping Tian
- Weifang Municipal Public Utility Service Center, 261041, Weifang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yulei Liu
- Jinan Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., 250003, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianguang Liu
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 250101, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guilin He
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 250101, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 250101, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Pannekens M, Voskuhl L, Mohammadian S, Köster D, Meier A, Köhne JM, Kulbatzki M, Akbari A, Haque S, Meckenstock RU. Microbial Degradation Rates of Natural Bitumen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8700-8708. [PMID: 34169718 PMCID: PMC8264945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are present in nearly every oil or bitumen sample originating from temperate reservoirs. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to obtain reliable estimates about microbial processes taking place in deep reservoirs, since metabolic rates are rather low and differ strongly during artificially cultivation. Here, we demonstrate the importance and impact of microorganisms entrapped in microscale water droplets for the overall biodegradation process in bitumen. To this end, we measured degradation rates of heavily biodegraded bitumen from the Pitch Lake (Trinidad and Tobago) using the novel technique of reverse stable isotope labeling, allowing precise measurements of comparatively low mineralization rates in the ng range in microcosms under close to natural conditions. Freshly taken bitumen samples were overlain with artificial brackish water and incubated for 945 days. Additionally, three-dimensional distribution of water droplets in bitumen was studied with computed tomography, revealing a water bitumen interface of 1134 cm2 per liter bitumen, resulting in an average mineralization rate of 9.4-38.6 mmol CO2 per liter bitumen and year. Furthermore, a stable and biofilm-forming microbial community established on the bitumen itself, mainly composed of fermenting and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Our results suggest that small water inclusions inside the bitumen substantially increase the bitumen-water interface and might have a major impact on the overall oil degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pannekens
- Environmental
Microbiology and Biotechnology, Aquatic Microbiology, University of Duisburg—Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa Voskuhl
- Environmental
Microbiology and Biotechnology, Aquatic Microbiology, University of Duisburg—Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Sadjad Mohammadian
- Environmental
Microbiology and Biotechnology, Aquatic Microbiology, University of Duisburg—Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Köster
- Instrumental
Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg—Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Arne Meier
- Environmental
Microbiology and Biotechnology, Aquatic Microbiology, University of Duisburg—Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - John M. Köhne
- Department
of Soil System Science, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Michelle Kulbatzki
- Environmental
Microbiology and Biotechnology, Aquatic Microbiology, University of Duisburg—Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Ali Akbari
- Environmental
Microbiology and Biotechnology, Aquatic Microbiology, University of Duisburg—Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Shirin Haque
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Rainer U. Meckenstock
- Environmental
Microbiology and Biotechnology, Aquatic Microbiology, University of Duisburg—Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Baran A, Urbaniak M, Szara M, Tarnawski M. Concentration of dioxin and screening level ecotoxicity of pore water from bottom sediments in relation to organic carbon contents. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:57-66. [PMID: 33280055 PMCID: PMC7826296 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The information about concentrations of dioxin in pore water, ecotoxicity and DOC and TOC content can be key factor for the prediction of the fate of dioxins in the aquatic environment as well as an ecological risk assessment. The aims of the study were to assess the concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs and ecotoxicity of pore water and to compare above results in relation to the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total organic carbon (TOC) content. The concentration of dioxins was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay test, while the ecotoxicity of pore water was determined using a crustacean Daphnia magna and bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri. The studies were conducted on two different dammed reservoirs Rożnów (catchment basin of an agricultural character) and Rybnik (catchment basin of an industrial character) located in southern Poland. The concentration of dioxins in pore water was between 8.56 to 90.92 ng EQ/L, with a significantly higher concentration in the pore water from the Rożnów Reservoir than the Rybnik Reservoir. The DOC content in pore water was from 30.29 to 63.02 mg/L (Rożnów Reservoir) and from 35.46 to 60.53 mg/L (Rybnik Reservoir). Higher toxic responses were recorded for A. fischeri than for D. magna. Moreover a significantly higher toxicity for both tested organisms was indicated in pore water from the Rożnów Reservoir. Besides of TOC and DOC, the fine fractions of the sediments were particularly important in the concentration of dioxin in pore water. The other pore water parameters, such as pH and EC can influence the toxicity of water for organisms. The result indicate complex relationships between the PCDD/F, ecotoxicity and DOC, TOC concentration in pore water and confirms that these parameters are important in terms of water environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Urbaniak
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szara
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Tarnawski
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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5
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Smolin S, Kozyatnyk I, Klymenko N. New approach for the assessment of the contribution of adsorption, biodegradation and self-bioregeneration in the dynamic process of biologically active carbon functioning. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126022. [PMID: 32006837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work developed an effective model of the cooperative removal process of organic compounds on biologically active carbon. This model involves the determination of the dynamics of adsorption efficiency and degradation of specific classes of target organic substances but also the dynamics of non-target filling of pores with products of vital microbial activity. It is possible to quantitatively assess the contributions of adsorption, biodegradation and self-bioregeneration in the process of biologically active carbon functioning and the changes in the activated carbon porous properties during the process. The model developed was applied to assess the efficiency of filtration of 2-nitrophenol through a biologically active carbon bed for 38 months. The activated carbon adsorption capacity for removing 2-nitrophenol was preserved after three years of the bed service due to the effective biodegradation that resulted in self-bioregeneration of the sorbent. Nontarget losses of porosity (filling with bioproducts) increased with increasing duration of system operation, and by the end of the experiment, these losses amounted to 61% of the pore volume of the fresh sorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Smolin
- Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Chemistry of Water, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 42 Vernadsky Avenue, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
| | - Ivan Kozyatnyk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Nataliya Klymenko
- Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Chemistry of Water, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 42 Vernadsky Avenue, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
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