1
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El Osmani N, Prévostel C, Picque Lasorsa L, El Harakeh M, Radwan Z, Mawlawi H, El Sabban M, Shirinian M, Dassouki Z. Vitamin C enhances co-localization of novel TET1 nuclear bodies with both Cajal and PML bodies in colorectal cancer cells. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2337142. [PMID: 38583183 PMCID: PMC11000620 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2337142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of ten-eleven Translocation protein 1 (TET1) is commonly reported to induce imbalances in gene expression and subsequently to colorectal cancer development (CRC). On the other hand, vitamin C (VitC) improves the prognosis of colorectal cancer by reprogramming the cancer epigenome and limiting chemotherapeutic drug resistance events. In this study, we aimed to characterize TET1-specific subcellular compartments and evaluate the effect of VitC on TET1 compartmentalization in colonic tumour cells. We demonstrated that TET1 is concentrated in coarse nuclear bodies (NB) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in foci in colorectal cancer cells (HCT116, Caco-2, and HT-29). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a novel intracellular localization profile of TET1 and its demethylation marker, 5hmC, in CRC cells. Interestingly, we found that TET1-NBs frequently interacted with Cajal bodies, but not with promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) bodies. In addition, we report that VitC treatment of HCT116 cells induces 5hmC foci biogenesis and triggers 5hmC marks to form active complexes with nuclear body components, including both Cajal and PML proteins. Our data highlight novel NB-concentrating TET1 in CRC cells and demonstrate that VitC modulates TET1-NBs' interactions with other nuclear structures. These findings reveal novel TET1-dependent cellular functions and potentially provide new insights for CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour El Osmani
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Corinne Prévostel
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Picque Lasorsa
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mohammad El Harakeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Radwan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Mawlawi
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Margret Shirinian
- Department of Experiment Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Dassouki
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Balamand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tripoli, Lebanon
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2
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Berkholz J, Karle W. Unravelling the molecular interplay: SUMOylation, PML nuclear bodies and vascular cell activity in health and disease. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111156. [PMID: 38574938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In the seemingly well-researched field of vascular research, there are still many underestimated factors and molecular mechanisms. In recent years, SUMOylation has become increasingly important. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification in which small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMO) are covalently attached to target proteins. Sites where these SUMO modification processes take place in the cell nucleus are PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) - multiprotein complexes with their essential main component and organizer, the PML protein. PML and SUMO, either alone or as partners, influence a variety of cellular processes, including regulation of transcription, senescence, DNA damage response and defence against microorganisms, and are involved in innate immunity and inflammatory responses. They also play an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the vascular system and in pathological processes leading to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes information about the function of SUMO(ylation) and PML(-NBs) in the human vasculature from angiogenesis to disease and highlights their clinical potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Berkholz
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany.
| | - Weronika Karle
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Ni Y, Chen H, Zhan Q, Zhuang Z. Nuclear export of PML promotes p53-mediated apoptosis and ferroptosis. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111278. [PMID: 38944257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), a tumor suppressor protein, plays a key role in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, senescence and cellular metabolism. Here, we report that PML promotes apoptosis and ferroptosis. Our data showed that PML over-expression inhibited cell proliferation and migration. PML over-expression increased apoptotic cells, nuclear condensation and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, accompanied by regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, suggesting that PML enhanced apoptosis. Meanwhile, PML over-expression not only increased lipid ROS accumulation and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content but also downregulated solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, indicating that PML enhanced ferroptosis. Additionally, knockdown of p53 attenuated the effect of PML on SLC7A11 and GPX4, and inhibited the increase of lipid ROS and ROS by PML over-expression. Moreover, translocation of PML from nucleus to cytoplasm not only promoted apoptosis and ferroptosis, but also inhibited cell proliferation. Taken together, PML promotes apoptosis and ferroptosis, in which the mediation of p53 and the nuclear export of PML play important roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ni
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hongce Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhengfei Zhuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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4
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Lee MJ, de los Rios Kobara I, Barnard TR, Vales Torres X, Tobin NH, Ferbas KG, Rimoin AW, Yang OO, Aldrovandi GM, Wilk AJ, Fulcher JA, Blish CA. NK Cell-Monocyte Cross-talk Underlies NK Cell Activation in Severe COVID-19. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1693-1705. [PMID: 38578283 PMCID: PMC11102029 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
NK cells in the peripheral blood of severe COVID-19 patients exhibit a unique profile characterized by activation and dysfunction. Previous studies have identified soluble factors, including type I IFN and TGF-β, that underlie this dysregulation. However, the role of cell-cell interactions in modulating NK cell function during COVID-19 remains unclear. To address this question, we combined cell-cell communication analysis on existing single-cell RNA sequencing data with in vitro primary cell coculture experiments to dissect the mechanisms underlying NK cell dysfunction in COVID-19. We found that NK cells are predicted to interact most strongly with monocytes and that this occurs via both soluble factors and direct interactions. To validate these findings, we performed in vitro cocultures in which NK cells from healthy human donors were incubated with monocytes from COVID-19+ or healthy donors. Coculture of healthy NK cells with monocytes from COVID-19 patients recapitulated aspects of the NK cell phenotype observed in severe COVID-19, including decreased expression of NKG2D, increased expression of activation markers, and increased proliferation. When these experiments were performed in a Transwell setting, we found that only CD56bright CD16- NK cells were activated in the presence of severe COVID-19 patient monocytes. O-link analysis of supernatants from Transwell cocultures revealed that cultures containing severe COVID-19 patient monocytes had significantly elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as TGF-β. Collectively, these results demonstrate that interactions between NK cells and monocytes in the peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients contribute to NK cell activation and dysfunction in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Izumi de los Rios Kobara
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Trisha R. Barnard
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Xariana Vales Torres
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Nicole H. Tobin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kathie G. Ferbas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anne W. Rimoin
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Otto O. Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Grace M. Aldrovandi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aaron J. Wilk
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jennifer A. Fulcher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
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5
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Bercier P, de Thé H. History of Developing Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Treatment and Role of Promyelocytic Leukemia Bodies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1351. [PMID: 38611029 PMCID: PMC11011038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The story of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) discovery, physiopathology, and treatment is a unique journey, transforming the most aggressive form of leukemia to the most curable. It followed an empirical route fueled by clinical breakthroughs driving major advances in biochemistry and cell biology, including the discovery of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs) and their central role in APL physiopathology. Beyond APL, PML NBs have emerged as key players in a wide variety of biological functions, including tumor-suppression and SUMO-initiated protein degradation, underscoring their broad importance. The APL story is an example of how clinical observations led to the incremental development of the first targeted leukemia therapy. The understanding of APL pathogenesis and the basis for cure now opens new insights in the treatment of other diseases, especially other acute myeloid leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bercier
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France;
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France;
- GenCellDis, Inserm U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Hôpital St Louis, AP/HP, 75010 Paris, France
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6
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Ahsan N, Shariq M, Surolia A, Raj R, Khan MF, Kumar P. Multipronged regulation of autophagy and apoptosis: emerging role of TRIM proteins. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:13. [PMID: 38225560 PMCID: PMC10790450 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
TRIM proteins are characterized by their conserved N-terminal RING, B-box, and coiled-coil domains. These proteins are efficient regulators of autophagy, apoptosis, and innate immune responses and confer immunity against viruses and bacteria. TRIMs function as receptors or scaffold proteins that target substrates for autophagy-mediated degradation. Most TRIMs interact with the BECN1-ULK1 complex to form TRIMosomes, thereby efficiently targeting substrates to autophagosomes. They regulate the functions of ATG proteins through physical interactions or ubiquitination. TRIMs affect the lipidation of MAP1LC3B1 to form MAP1LC3B2, which is a prerequisite for phagophore and autophagosome formation. In addition, they regulate MTOR kinase and TFEB, thereby regulating the expression of ATG genes. TRIM proteins are efficient regulators of apoptosis and are crucial for regulating cell proliferation and tumor formation. Many TRIM proteins regulate intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis via the cell surface receptors TGFBR2, TNFRSF1A, and FAS. Mitochondria modulate the anti- and proapoptotic functions of BCL2, BAX, BAK1, and CYCS. These proteins use a multipronged approach to regulate the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, culminating in coordinated activation or inhibition of the initiator and executor CASPs. Furthermore, TRIMs can have a dual effect in determining cell fate and are therefore crucial for cellular homeostasis. In this review, we discuss mechanistic insights into the role of TRIM proteins in regulating autophagy and apoptosis, which can be used to better understand cellular physiology. These findings can be used to develop therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat multiple genetic and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat Ahsan
- Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Mohd Shariq
- Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 460012, India.
| | - Reshmi Raj
- Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Pramod Kumar
- Quantlase Lab LLC, Unit 1-8, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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7
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Kreissig S, Windisch R, Wichmann C. Deciphering Acute Myeloid Leukemia Associated Transcription Factors in Human Primary CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2023; 13:78. [PMID: 38201282 PMCID: PMC10777941 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemato-oncological diseases account for nearly 10% of all malignancies and can be classified into leukemia, lymphoma, myeloproliferative diseases, and myelodysplastic syndromes. The causes and prognosis of these disease entities are highly variable. Most entities are not permanently controllable and ultimately lead to the patient's death. At the molecular level, recurrent mutations including chromosomal translocations initiate the transformation from normal stem-/progenitor cells into malignant blasts finally floating the patient's bone marrow and blood system. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the so-called master transcription factors such as RUNX1, KMT2A, and HOX are frequently disrupted by chromosomal translocations, resulting in neomorphic oncogenic fusion genes. Triggering ex vivo expansion of primary human CD34+ stem/progenitor cells represents a distinct characteristic of such chimeric AML transcription factors. Regarding oncogenic mechanisms of AML, most studies focus on murine models. However, due to biological differences between mice and humans, findings are only partly transferable. This review focuses on the genetic manipulation of human CD34+ primary hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from healthy donors to model acute myeloid leukemia cell growth. Analysis of defined single- or multi-hit human cellular AML models will elucidate molecular mechanisms of the development, maintenance, and potential molecular intervention strategies to counteract malignant human AML blast cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Wichmann
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.K.)
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8
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Silonov SA, Mokin YI, Nedelyaev EM, Smirnov EY, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Uversky VN, Fonin AV. On the Prevalence and Roles of Proteins Undergoing Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in the Biogenesis of PML-Bodies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1805. [PMID: 38136675 PMCID: PMC10741438 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and function of membrane-less organelles (MLOs) is one of the main driving forces in the molecular life of the cell. These processes are based on the separation of biopolymers into phases regulated by multiple specific and nonspecific inter- and intramolecular interactions. Among the realm of MLOs, a special place is taken by the promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs or PML bodies), which are the intranuclear compartments involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism, transcription, the maintenance of genome stability, responses to viral infection, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. According to the accepted models, specific interactions, such as SUMO/SIM, the formation of disulfide bonds, etc., play a decisive role in the biogenesis of PML bodies. In this work, a number of bioinformatics approaches were used to study proteins found in the proteome of PML bodies for their tendency for spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which is usually caused by weak nonspecific interactions. A total of 205 proteins found in PML bodies have been identified. It has been suggested that UBC9, P53, HIPK2, and SUMO1 can be considered as the scaffold proteins of PML bodies. It was shown that more than half of the proteins in the analyzed proteome are capable of spontaneous LLPS, with 85% of the analyzed proteins being intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and the remaining 15% being proteins with intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs). About 44% of all proteins analyzed in this study contain SUMO binding sites and can potentially be SUMOylated. These data suggest that weak nonspecific interactions play a significantly larger role in the formation and biogenesis of PML bodies than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Silonov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Yakov I. Mokin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Eugene M. Nedelyaev
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Eugene Y. Smirnov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Irina M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Konstantin K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Alexander V. Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (S.A.S.); (Y.I.M.); (E.M.N.); (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
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9
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Silonov SA, Smirnov EY, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Fonin AV. PML Body Biogenesis: A Delicate Balance of Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16702. [PMID: 38069029 PMCID: PMC10705990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PML bodies are subnuclear protein complexes that play a crucial role in various physiological and pathological cellular processes. One of the general structural proteins of PML bodies is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family-promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). It is known that PML interacts with over a hundred partners, and the protein itself is represented by several major isoforms, differing in their variable and disordered C-terminal end due to alternative splicing. Despite nearly 30 years of research, the mechanisms underlying PML body formation and the role of PML proteins in this process remain largely unclear. In this review, we examine the literature and highlight recent progress in this field, with a particular focus on understanding the role of individual domains of the PML protein, its post-translational modifications, and polyvalent nonspecific interactions in the formation of PML bodies. Additionally, based on the available literature, we propose a new hypothetical model of PML body formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Silonov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
| | | | | | | | - Alexander V. Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (E.Y.S.); (I.M.K.); (K.K.T.)
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10
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Bregnard TA, Fairchild D, Erlandsen H, Semenova IV, Szczepaniak R, Ahmed A, Weller SK, Korzhnev DM, Bezsonova I. Conformational exchange at a C 2H 2 zinc-binding site facilitates redox sensing by the PML protein. Structure 2023; 31:1086-1099.e6. [PMID: 37473756 PMCID: PMC10528520 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia protein, PML, plays a vital role in the cellular response to oxidative stress; however, the molecular mechanism of its action remains poorly understood. Here, we identify redox-sensitive sites of PML. A molecule of PML is cysteine-rich and contains three zinc-binding domains including RING, B-box1, and B-box2. Using in vitro assays, we have compared the sensitivity of the isolated RING and B-box1 domains and shown that B-box1 is more sensitive to oxidation. NMR studies of PML dynamics showed that one of the Zn-coordination sites within the B-box1 undergoes significant conformational exchange, revealing a hotspot for exposure of reactive cysteines. In agreement with the in vitro data, enhancement of the B-box1 Zn-coordination dynamics led to more efficient recruitment of PML into PML nuclear bodies in cells. Overall, our results suggest that the increased sensitivity of B-box1 to oxidative stress makes this domain an important redox-sensing component of PML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Bregnard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Daniel Fairchild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Heidi Erlandsen
- Center for Open Research Resources & Equipment, UCONN, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Irina V Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Renata Szczepaniak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Affrin Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Sandra K Weller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Dmitry M Korzhnev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Irina Bezsonova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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11
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Liu Z, Qin Z, Liu Y, Xia X, He L, Chen N, Hu X, Peng X. Liquid‒liquid phase separation: roles and implications in future cancer treatment. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4139-4156. [PMID: 37705755 PMCID: PMC10496506 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.81521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a phenomenon driven by weak interactions between biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, that leads to the formation of distinct liquid-like condensates. Through LLPS, membraneless condensates are formed, selectively concentrating specific proteins while excluding other molecules to maintain normal cellular functions. Emerging evidence shows that cancer-related mutations cause aberrant condensate assembly, resulting in disrupted signal transduction, impaired DNA repair, and abnormal chromatin organization and eventually contributing to tumorigenesis. The objective of this review is to summarize recent advancements in understanding the potential implications of LLPS in the contexts of cancer progression and therapeutic interventions. By interfering with LLPS, it may be possible to restore normal cellular processes and inhibit tumor progression. The underlying mechanisms and potential drug targets associated with LLPS in cancer are discussed, shedding light on promising opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheran Liu
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijian Qin
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingtong Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Shanghai ETERN Biopharma Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Xindu Avenue No 783, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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12
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Hallmarks and Biomarkers of Skin Senescence: An Updated Review of Skin Senotherapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020444. [PMID: 36830002 PMCID: PMC9952625 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process characterized by an ongoing decline in physiological functions, leading to degenerative diseases and an increased probability of death. Cellular senescence has been typically considered as an anti-proliferative process; however, the chronic accumulation of senescent cells contributes to tissue dysfunction and aging. In this review, we discuss some of the most important hallmarks and biomarkers of cellular senescence with a special focus on skin biomarkers, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and senotherapeutic strategies to eliminate or prevent senescence. Although most of them are not exclusive to senescence, the expression of the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) enzyme seems to be the most reliable biomarker for distinguishing senescent cells from those arrested in the cell cycle. The presence of a stable DNA damage response (DDR) and the accumulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) mediators and ROS are the most representative hallmarks for senescence. Senotherapeutics based on natural compounds such as quercetin, naringenin, and apigenin have shown promising results regarding SASP reduction. These compounds seem to prevent the accumulation of senescent cells, most likely through the inhibition of pro-survival signaling pathways. Although studies are still required to verify their short- and long-term effects, these therapies may be an effective strategy for skin aging.
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13
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Dubey S, Mishra N, Goswami N, Siddiqui MQ, Varma AK. Multimodal approach to characterize the tetrameric form of human PML-RBCC domain and ATO-mediated conformational changes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:468-478. [PMID: 36356867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RING-B box-coiled coil (RBCC) domain of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) comprises a zinc finger motif that is targeted by arsenic trioxide (ATO) to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) pathogenesis. Preliminary evidence suggests that the PML-RBCC has different functional characteristics, but no structural details have been reported despite its importance in differential expression and cell-cycle regulation. Therefore, the recombinant h-PML-RBCC protein was purified to its homogeneity, and characterized for oligomeric behaviour which indicated that RBCC domain exists as a tetramer in solution. Furthermore, nano-DSF and circular-dichroism demonstrated that the tetrameric form preserves its native conformation along with thermal stability (Tm = 83.2 °C). In-silico-based PML-RBCC structure was used to perform the molecular dynamics simulation for 300 ns in the presence of zinc atoms, which demonstrated the differential dynamic of PML-RBCC tetrameric chains. MMPBSA analysis also indicated the role of hydrophobic interactions that favours stable tetrameric structure of PML-RBCC. ATO-induced secondary and tertiary structure changes were observed in PML-RBCC using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy revealed ATO-induced higher-order oligomerization and aggregation of PML-RBCC. The unique oligomeric nature of the h-PML-RBCC protein and its interactions with ATO will help to understand the mechanism of APL pathogenesis and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Dubey
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Neha Mishra
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Nabajyoti Goswami
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - M Quadir Siddiqui
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Ashok K Varma
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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14
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Cobb AM, De Silva SA, Hayward R, Sek K, Ulferts S, Grosse R, Shanahan CM. Filamentous nuclear actin regulation of PML NBs during the DNA damage response is deregulated by prelamin A. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1042. [PMID: 36522328 PMCID: PMC9755150 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear actin participates in a continuously expanding list of core processes within eukaryotic nuclei, including the maintenance of genomic integrity. In response to DNA damage, nuclear actin polymerises into filaments that are involved in the repair of damaged DNA through incompletely defined mechanisms. We present data to show that the formation of nuclear F-actin in response to genotoxic stress acts as a scaffold for PML NBs and that these filamentous networks are essential for PML NB fission and recruitment of microbodies to DNA lesions. Further to this, we demonstrate that the accumulation of the toxic lamin A precursor prelamin A induces mislocalisation of nuclear actin to the nuclear envelope and prevents the establishment of nucleoplasmic F-actin networks in response to stress. Consequently, PML NB dynamics and recruitment to DNA lesions is ablated, resulting in impaired DNA damage repair. Inhibition of nuclear export of formin mDia2 restores nuclear F-actin formation by augmenting polymerisation of nuclear actin in response to stress and rescues PML NB localisation to sites of DNA repair, leading to reduced levels of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Cobb
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
| | - Shanelle A. De Silva
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hayward
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
| | - Karolina Sek
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
| | - Svenja Ulferts
- grid.5963.9Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- grid.5963.9Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
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15
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Firnau MB, Brieger A. CK2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081987. [PMID: 36009534 PMCID: PMC9405757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is commonly dysregulated in cancer, impacting diverse molecular pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, constitutively active and ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. With over 500 known substrates and being estimated to be responsible for up to 10% of the human phosphoproteome, it is of significant importance. A broad spectrum of diverse types of cancer cells has been already shown to rely on disturbed CK2 levels for their survival. The hallmarks of cancer provide a rationale for understanding cancer’s common traits. They constitute the maintenance of proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling of replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, the activation of invasion and metastasis, as well as avoidance of immune destruction and dysregulation of cellular energetics. In this work, we have compiled evidence from the literature suggesting that CK2 modulates all hallmarks of cancer, thereby promoting oncogenesis and operating as a cancer driver by creating a cellular environment favorable to neoplasia.
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16
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Shao X, Chen Y, Xu A, Xiang D, Wang W, Du W, Huang Y, Zhang X, Cai M, Xia Z, Wang Y, Cao J, Zhang Y, Yang B, He Q, Ying M. Deneddylation of PML/RARα reconstructs functional PML nuclear bodies via orchestrating phase separation to eradicate APL. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1654-1668. [PMID: 35194189 PMCID: PMC9345999 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is driven by the oncoprotein PML/RARα, which destroys the architecture of PML nuclear bodies (NBs). PML NBs are critical to tumor suppression, and their disruption mediated by PML/RARα accelerates APL pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms of PML NB disruption remain elusive. Here, we reveal that the failure of NB assembly in APL results from neddylation-induced aberrant phase separation of PML/RARα. Mechanistically, PML/RARα is neddylated in the RARα moiety, and this neddylation enhances its DNA-binding ability and further impedes the phase separation of the PML moiety, consequently disrupting PML NB construction. Accordingly, deneddylation of PML/RARα restores its phase separation process to reconstruct functional NBs and activates RARα signaling, thereby suppressing PML/RARα-driven leukemogenesis. Pharmacological inhibition of neddylation by MLN4924 eradicates APL cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our work elucidates the neddylation-destroyed phase separation mechanism for PML/RARα-driven NB disruption and highlights targeting neddylation for APL eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Shao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingqian Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Aixiao Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danyan Xiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenxin Du
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingya Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minyi Cai
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhimei Xia
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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17
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Bo Y, Yang L, Liu B, Tian G, Li C, Zhang L, Yan Y. Exosomes from human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived keratinocytes accelerate burn wound healing through miR-762 mediated promotion of keratinocytes and endothelial cells migration. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:291. [PMID: 35729564 PMCID: PMC9210631 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of keratinocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs-KCs) may represent a novel cell therapy strategy for burn treatment. There is growing evidence that extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are primary mediators of the benefits of stem cell therapy. Herein, we thus explored the effects of exosomes produced by iPSCs-derived keratinocytes (iPSCs-KCs-Exos) in a model of deep second-degree burn wound healing and evaluated the mechanistic basis for the observed activity. Methods iPSCs-KCs-Exos were isolated from conditioned medium of iPSCs-KCs and verified by electron micrograph and size distribution. Next, iPSCs-KCs-Exos were injected subcutaneously around wound sites, and its efficacy was evaluated by measuring wound closure areas, histological examination, and immunohistochemistry staining. The effects of iPSCs-KCs-Exos on proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and endothelial cells in vitro were assessed by EdU staining, wound healing assays, and transwell assay. Then, high-throughput microRNA sequencing was used to explore the underlying mechanisms. We assessed the roles of miR-762 in iPSCs-KCs-Exos-induced regulation of keratinocytes and endothelial cells migration. Furthermore, the target gene which mediated the biological effects of miR-762 in keratinocytes and endothelial cells was also been detected. Results The analysis revealed that iPSCs-KCs-Exos application to the burn wound drove the acceleration of wound closure, with more robust angiogenesis and re-epithelialization being evident. Such iPSCs-KCs-Exos treatment effectively enhanced endothelial cell and keratinocyte migration in vitro. Moreover, the enrichment of miR-762 was detected in iPSCs-KCs-Exos and was found to target promyelocytic leukemia (PML) as a means of regulating cell migration through a mechanism tie to integrin beta1 (ITGB1). Conclusion These results thus provide a foundation for the further study of iPSCs-KCs-Exos as novel cell-free treatments for deep second-degree burns. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Bo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Baiting Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guiping Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yuan Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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18
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Bregnard T, Ahmed A, Semenova IV, Weller SK, Bezsonova I. The B-box1 domain of PML mediates SUMO E2-E3 complex formation through an atypical interaction with UBC9. Biophys Chem 2022; 287:106827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Wani S, Daroszewska A, Salter DM, van ‘t Hof RJ, Ralston SH, Albagha OME. The Paget's disease of bone risk gene PML is a negative regulator of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049318. [PMID: 35229101 PMCID: PMC9066519 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is characterized by focal increases in bone remodelling. Genome-wide association studies identified a susceptibility locus for PDB tagged by rs5742915, which is located within the PML gene. Here, we have assessed the candidacy of PML as the predisposing gene for PDB at this locus. We found that the PDB-risk allele of rs5742915 was associated with lower PML expression and that PML expression in blood cells from individuals with PDB was lower than in controls. The differentiation, survival and resorptive activity of osteoclasts prepared from Pml-/- mice was increased compared with wild type. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of IFN-γ on osteoclast formation from Pml-/- was significantly blunted compared with wild type. Bone nodule formation was also increased in osteoblasts from Pml-/- mice when compared with wild type. Although microCT analysis of trabecular bone showed no differences between Pml-/- mice and wild type, bone histomorphometry showed that Pml-/- mice had high bone turnover with increased indices of bone resorption and increased mineral apposition rate. These data indicate that reduced expression of PML predisposes an individual to PDB and identify PML as a novel regulator of bone metabolism. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Wani
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anna Daroszewska
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Donald M. Salter
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Rob J. van ‘t Hof
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Vanthof Scientific, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Stuart H. Ralston
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Omar M. E. Albagha
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
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20
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Hornofova T, Pokorna B, Hubackova SS, Uvizl A, Kosla J, Bartek J, Hodny Z, Vasicova P. Phospho-SIM and exon8b of PML protein regulate formation of doxorubicin-induced rDNA-PML compartment. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 114:103319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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van Noorden CJ, Breznik B, Novak M, van Dijck AJ, Tanan S, Vittori M, Bogataj U, Bakker N, Khoury JD, Molenaar RJ, Hira VV. Cell Biology Meets Cell Metabolism: Energy Production Is Similar in Stem Cells and in Cancer Stem Cells in Brain and Bone Marrow. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:29-51. [PMID: 34714696 PMCID: PMC8721571 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211054585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy production by means of ATP synthesis in cancer cells has been investigated frequently as a potential therapeutic target in this century. Both (an)aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) have been studied. Here, we review recent literature on energy production in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) versus their normal counterparts, neural stem cells (NSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), respectively. These two cancer stem cell types were compared because their niches in glioblastoma tumors and in bone marrow are similar. In this study, it became apparent that (1) ATP is produced in NSCs and HSCs by anaerobic glycolysis, whereas fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is essential for their stem cell fate and (2) ATP is produced in GSCs and LSCs by OXPHOS despite the hypoxic conditions in their niches with FAO and amino acids providing its substrate. These metabolic processes appeared to be under tight control of cellular regulation mechanisms which are discussed in depth. However, our conclusion is that systemic therapeutic targeting of ATP production via glycolysis or OXPHOS is not an attractive option because of its unwanted side effects in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Miloš Vittori
- Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bogataj
- Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Joseph D. Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Remco J. Molenaar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Vashendriya V.V. Hira
- Vashendriya V.V. Hira, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. E-mail:
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22
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Song P, Zhang J, Li Y, Liu G, Li N. Solution Small-Angle Scattering in Soft Matter: Application and Prospective ※. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21120624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Mohammadi A, Pour Abbasi MS, Khorrami S, Khodamoradi S, Mohammadi Goldar Z, Ebrahimzadeh F. The TRIM proteins in cancer: from expression to emerging regulatory mechanisms. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:460-470. [PMID: 34643877 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New clinical evidence suggests that dysregulation of the ubiquitin-mediated destruction of tumor suppressors or oncogene products is probably engaged in the etiology of leukemia and carcinoma. The superfamily of tripartite motif (TRIM)-containing protein family is among the biggest recognized single protein RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligases that are considered vital carcinogenesis regulators, which is not shocking since TRIM proteins are engaged in various biological processes, including cell growth, development, and differentiation; hence, TRIM proteins' alterations may influence apoptosis, cell proliferation, and transcriptional regulation. In this review article, the various mechanisms through which TRIM proteins exert their role in the most prevalent malignancies including lung, prostate, colorectal, liver, breast, brain cancer, and leukemia are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mohammadi
- Department of Genetics Islamic, Azad University of Marand, Marand, Iran
| | | | - S Khorrami
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Khodamoradi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Mohammadi Goldar
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - F Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zhang J, Gao X, Yu L. Roles of Histone Deacetylases in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Fusion Proteins. Front Oncol 2021; 11:741746. [PMID: 34540702 PMCID: PMC8440836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.741746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate orchestration of gene expression is critical for the process of normal hematopoiesis, and dysregulation is closely associated with leukemogenesis. Epigenetic aberration is one of the major causes contributing to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where chromosomal rearrangements are frequently found. Increasing evidences have shown the pivotal roles of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in chromatin remodeling, which are involved in stemness maintenance, cell fate determination, proliferation and differentiation, via mastering the transcriptional switch of key genes. In abnormal, these functions can be bloomed to elicit carcinogenesis. Presently, HDAC family members are appealing targets for drug exploration, many of which have been deployed to the AML treatment. As the majority of AML events are associated with chromosomal translocation resulting in oncogenic fusion proteins, it is valuable to comprehensively understand the mutual interactions between HDACs and oncogenic proteins. Therefore, we reviewed the process of leukemogenesis and roles of HDAC members acting in this progress, providing an insight for the target anchoring, investigation of hyperacetylated-agents, and how the current knowledge could be applied in AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Beklen H, Arslan S, Gulfidan G, Turanli B, Ozbek P, Karademir Yilmaz B, Arga KY. Differential Interactome Based Drug Repositioning Unraveled Abacavir, Exemestane, Nortriptyline Hydrochloride, and Tolcapone as Potential Therapeutics for Colorectal Cancers. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 1:710591. [PMID: 36303724 PMCID: PMC9581026 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.710591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a critical requirement for alternative strategies to provide the better treatment in colorectal cancer (CRC). Hence, our goal was to propose novel biomarkers as well as drug candidates for its treatment through differential interactome based drug repositioning. Differentially interacting proteins and their modules were identified, and their prognostic power were estimated through survival analyses. Drug repositioning was carried out for significant target proteins, and candidate drugs were analyzed via in silico molecular docking prior to in vitro cell viability assays in CRC cell lines. Six modules (mAPEX1, mCCT7, mHSD17B10, mMYC, mPSMB5, mRAN) were highlighted considering their prognostic performance. Drug repositioning resulted in eight drugs (abacavir, ribociclib, exemestane, voriconazole, nortriptyline hydrochloride, theophylline, bromocriptine mesylate, and tolcapone). Moreover, significant in vitro inhibition profiles were obtained in abacavir, nortriptyline hydrochloride, exemestane, tolcapone, and theophylline (positive control). Our findings may provide new and complementary strategies for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Beklen
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Arslan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gulfidan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beste Turanli
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pemra Ozbek
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Kazim Yalcin Arga,
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Delbarre E, Janicki SM. Modulation of H3.3 chromatin assembly by PML: A way to regulate epigenetic inheritance. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100038. [PMID: 34423467 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is renowned for regulating a wide range of cellular processes and as an essential component of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), the mechanisms through which it exerts its broad physiological impact are far from fully elucidated. Here, we review recent studies supporting an emerging view that PML's pleiotropic effects derive, at least partially, from its role in regulating histone H3.3 chromatin assembly, a critical epigenetic mechanism. These studies suggest that PML maintains heterochromatin organization by restraining H3.3 incorporation. Examination of PML's contribution to H3.3 chromatin assembly in the context of the cell cycle and PML-NB assembly suggests that PML represses heterochromatic H3.3 deposition during S phase and that transcription and SUMOylation regulate PML's recruitment to heterochromatin. Elucidating PML' s contributions to H3.3-mediated epigenetic regulation will provide insight into PML's expansive influence on cellular physiology and open new avenues for studying oncogenesis linked to PML malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Delbarre
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susan M Janicki
- Drexel University Thomas R. Kline School of Law, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Munkhjargal A, Kim MJ, Kim DY, Jeon YJ, Kee YH, Kim LK, Kim YH. Promyelocytic Leukemia Proteins Regulate Fanconi Anemia Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157782. [PMID: 34360546 PMCID: PMC8346011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is the core component of subnuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies that are known to play important roles in cell survival, DNA damage responses, and DNA repair. Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins are required for repairing interstrand DNA crosslinks (ICLs). Here we report a novel role of PML proteins, regulating the ICL repair pathway. We found that depletion of the PML protein led to the significant reduction of damage-induced FANCD2 mono-ubiquitination and FANCD2 foci formation. Consistently, the cells treated with siRNA against PML showed enhanced sensitivity to a crosslinking agent, mitomycin C. Further studies showed that depletion of PML reduced the protein expression of FANCA, FANCG, and FANCD2 via reduced transcriptional activity. Interestingly, we observed that damage-induced CHK1 phosphorylation was severely impaired in cells with depleted PML, and we demonstrated that CHK1 regulates FANCA, FANCG, and FANCD2 transcription. Finally, we showed that inhibition of CHK1 phosphorylation further sensitized cancer cells to mitomycin C. Taken together, these findings suggest that the PML is critical for damage-induced CHK1 phosphorylation, which is important for FA gene expression and for repairing ICLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudari Munkhjargal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women’s Health, College of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (A.M.); (M.-J.K.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Myung-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women’s Health, College of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (A.M.); (M.-J.K.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Da-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women’s Health, College of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (A.M.); (M.-J.K.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Young-Hoon Kee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Lark-Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea
- Correspondence: (L.-K.K.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-5402 (L.-K.K.); +82-2-710-9552 (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women’s Health, College of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (A.M.); (M.-J.K.); (D.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (L.-K.K.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-5402 (L.-K.K.); +82-2-710-9552 (Y.-H.K.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of the role of genes and loci that predispose to Paget's disease of bone and related disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Studies over the past ten years have seen major advances in knowledge on the role of genetic factors in Paget's disease of bone (PDB). Genome wide association studies have identified six loci that predispose to the disease whereas family based studies have identified a further eight genes that cause PDB. This brings the total number of genes and loci implicated in PDB to fourteen. Emerging evidence has shown that a number of these genes also predispose to multisystem proteinopathy syndromes where PDB is accompanied by neurodegeneration and myopathy due to the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, emphasising the importance of defects in autophagy in the pathogenesis of PDB. Genetic factors play a key role in the pathogenesis of PDB and the studies in this area have identified several genes previously not suspected to play a role in bone metabolism. Genetic testing coupled to targeted therapeutic intervention is being explored as a way of halting disease progression and improving outcome before irreversible skeletal damage has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnit S Makaram
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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Fonin AV, Silonov SA, Shpironok OG, Antifeeva IA, Petukhov AV, Romanovich AE, Kuznetsova IM, Uversky VN, Turoverov KK. The Role of Non-Specific Interactions in Canonical and ALT-Associated PML-Bodies Formation and Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115821. [PMID: 34072343 PMCID: PMC8198325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we put forward a hypothesis about the decisive role of multivalent nonspecific interactions in the early stages of PML body formation. Our analysis of the PML isoform sequences showed that some of the PML isoforms, primarily PML-II, are prone to phase separation due to their polyampholytic properties and the disordered structure of their C-terminal domains. The similarity of the charge properties of the C-terminal domains of PML-II and PML-VI isoforms made it possible for the first time to detect migration of PML-VI from PML bodies to the periphery of the cell nucleus, similar to the migration of PML-II isoforms. We found a population of “small” (area less than 1 µm2) spherical PML bodies with high dynamics of PML isoforms exchange with nucleoplasm and a low fraction of immobilized proteins, which indicates their liquid state properties. Such structures can act as “seeds” of functionally active PML bodies, providing the necessary concentration of PML isoforms for the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds between PML monomers. FRAP analysis of larger bodies of toroidal topology showed the existence of an insoluble scaffold in their structure. The hypothesis about the role of nonspecific multiple weak interactions in the formation of PML bodies is further supported by the change in the composition of the scaffold proteins of PML bodies, but not their solidification, under conditions of induction of dimerization of PML isoforms under oxidative stress. Using the colocalization of ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs) with TRF1, we identified APBs and showed the difference in the dynamic properties of APBs and canonical PML bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (O.G.S.); (I.A.A.); (I.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.F.); (V.N.U.); (K.K.T.); Tel.: +7-812-2971957 (K.K.T.); Fax: +7-812-2970341(K.K.T.)
| | - Sergey A. Silonov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (O.G.S.); (I.A.A.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Olesya G. Shpironok
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (O.G.S.); (I.A.A.); (I.M.K.)
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Iuliia A. Antifeeva
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (O.G.S.); (I.A.A.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Alexey V. Petukhov
- Institute of Hematology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anna E. Romanovich
- St-Petersburg State University Science Park, Resource Center of Molecular and Cell Technologies, Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Irina M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (O.G.S.); (I.A.A.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: (A.V.F.); (V.N.U.); (K.K.T.); Tel.: +7-812-2971957 (K.K.T.); Fax: +7-812-2970341(K.K.T.)
| | - Konstantin K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.S.); (O.G.S.); (I.A.A.); (I.M.K.)
- Peter the Great St.-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.F.); (V.N.U.); (K.K.T.); Tel.: +7-812-2971957 (K.K.T.); Fax: +7-812-2970341(K.K.T.)
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Chang YC, Oram MK, Bielinsky AK. SUMO-Targeted Ubiquitin Ligases and Their Functions in Maintaining Genome Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105391. [PMID: 34065507 PMCID: PMC8161396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-targeted E3 ubiquitin ligases (STUbLs) are specialized enzymes that recognize SUMOylated proteins and attach ubiquitin to them. They therefore connect the cellular SUMOylation and ubiquitination circuits. STUbLs participate in diverse molecular processes that span cell cycle regulated events, including DNA repair, replication, mitosis, and transcription. They operate during unperturbed conditions and in response to challenges, such as genotoxic stress. These E3 ubiquitin ligases modify their target substrates by catalyzing ubiquitin chains that form different linkages, resulting in proteolytic or non-proteolytic outcomes. Often, STUbLs function in compartmentalized environments, such as the nuclear envelope or kinetochore, and actively aid in nuclear relocalization of damaged DNA and stalled replication forks to promote DNA repair or fork restart. Furthermore, STUbLs reside in the same vicinity as SUMO proteases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), providing spatiotemporal control of their targets. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which STUbLs help to maintain genome stability across different species.
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Stability of Smyd1 in endothelial cells is controlled by PML-dependent SUMOylation upon cytokine stimulation. Biochem J 2021; 478:217-234. [PMID: 33241844 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Smyd1 is an epigenetic modulator of gene expression that has been well-characterized in muscle cells. It was recently reported that Smyd1 levels are modulated by inflammatory processes. Since inflammation affects the vascular endothelium, this study aimed to characterize Smyd1 expression in endothelial cells. We detected Smyd1 in human endothelial cells (HUVEC and EA.hy926 cells), where the protein was largely localized in PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). By transfection of EA.hy926 cells with expression vectors encoding Smyd1, PML, SUMO1, active or mutant forms of the SUMO protease SuPr1 and/or the SUMO-conjugation enzyme UBC9, as well as Smyd1- or PML-specific siRNAs, in the presence or absence of the translation blocker cycloheximide or the proteasome-inhibitor MG132, and supported by computational modeling, we show that Smyd1 is SUMOylated in a PML-dependent manner and thereby addressed for degradation in proteasomes. Furthermore, transfection with Smyd1-encoding vectors led to PML up-regulation at the mRNA level, while PML transfection lowered Smyd1 protein stability. Incubation of EA.hy926 cells with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α resulted in a constant increase in Smyd1 mRNA and protein over 24 h, while incubation with IFN-γ induced a transient increase in Smyd1 expression, which peaked at 6 h and decreased to control values within 24 h. The IFN-γ-induced increase in Smyd1 was accompanied by more Smyd1 SUMOylation and more/larger PML-NBs. In conclusion, our data indicate that in endothelial cells, Smyd1 levels are regulated through a negative feedback mechanism based on SUMOylation and PML availability. This molecular control loop is stimulated by various cytokines.
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Targeting Pin1 for Modulation of Cell Motility and Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040359. [PMID: 33807199 PMCID: PMC8065645 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) specifically binds and isomerizes the phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif, which leads to changes in protein conformation and function. Pin1 is widely overexpressed in cancers and plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Mounting evidence has revealed that targeting Pin1 is a potential therapeutic approach for various cancers by inhibiting cell proliferation, reducing metastasis, and maintaining genome stability. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of Pin1-mediated upregulation of oncogenes and downregulation of tumor suppressors in cancer development. Furthermore, we also discuss the multiple roles of Pin1 in cancer hallmarks and examine Pin1 as a desirable pharmaceutical target for cancer therapy. We also summarize the recent progress of Pin1-targeted small-molecule compounds for anticancer activity.
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33
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Chin MY, Espinosa JA, Pohan G, Markossian S, Arkin MR. Reimagining dots and dashes: Visualizing structure and function of organelles for high-content imaging analysis. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:320-337. [PMID: 33600764 PMCID: PMC7995685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organelles are responsible for biochemical and cellular processes that sustain life and their dysfunction causes diseases from cancer to neurodegeneration. While researchers are continuing to appreciate new roles of organelles in disease, the rapid development of specifically targeted fluorescent probes that report on the structure and function of organelles will be critical to accelerate drug discovery. Here, we highlight four organelles that collectively exemplify the progression of phenotypic discovery, starting with mitochondria, where many functional probes have been described, then continuing with lysosomes and Golgi and concluding with nascently described membraneless organelles. We introduce emerging probe designs to explore organelle-specific morphology and dynamics and highlight recent case studies using high-content analysis to stimulate further development of probes and approaches for organellar high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Y Chin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jether Amos Espinosa
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grace Pohan
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sarine Markossian
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michelle R Arkin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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The Role of ND10 Nuclear Bodies in Herpesvirus Infection: A Frenemy for the Virus? Viruses 2021; 13:v13020239. [PMID: 33546431 PMCID: PMC7913651 DOI: 10.3390/v13020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear domains 10 (ND10), a.k.a. promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), are membraneless subnuclear domains that are highly dynamic in their protein composition in response to cellular cues. They are known to be involved in many key cellular processes including DNA damage response, transcription regulation, apoptosis, oncogenesis, and antiviral defenses. The diversity and dynamics of ND10 residents enable them to play seemingly opposite roles under different physiological conditions. Although the molecular mechanisms are not completely clear, the pro- and anti-cancer effects of ND10 have been well established in tumorigenesis. However, in herpesvirus research, until the recently emerged evidence of pro-viral contributions, ND10 nuclear bodies have been generally recognized as part of the intrinsic antiviral defenses that converge to the incoming viral DNA to inhibit the viral gene expression. In this review, we evaluate the newly discovered pro-infection influences of ND10 in various human herpesviruses and analyze their molecular foundation along with the traditional antiviral functions of ND10. We hope to shed light on the explicit role of ND10 in both the lytic and latent cycles of herpesvirus infection, which is imperative to the delineation of herpes pathogenesis and the development of prophylactic/therapeutic treatments for herpetic diseases.
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35
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Sung JY, Lim HW, Joung JG, Park WY. Pan-Cancer Analysis of Alternative Lengthening of Telomere Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082207. [PMID: 32784588 PMCID: PMC7465155 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a telomerase-independent mechanism that extends telomeres in cancer cells. It influences tumorigenesis and patient survival. Despite the clinical significance of ALT in tumors, the manner in which ALT is activated and influences prognostic outcomes in distinct cancer types is unclear. In this work, we profiled distinct telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) using 8953 transcriptomes of 31 different cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our results demonstrated that approximately 29% of cancer types display high ALT activity with low telomerase activity in the telomere-lengthening group. Among the distinct ALT mechanisms, homologous recombination was frequently observed in sarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and kidney chromophobe. Five cancer types showed a significant difference in survival in the presence of high ALT activity. Sarcoma patients with elevated ALT had unfavorable risks (p < 0.038) coupled with a high expression of TOP2A, suggesting this as a potential drug target. On the contrary, glioblastoma patients had favorable risks (p < 0.02), and showed low levels of antigen-presenting cells. Together, our analyses highlight cancer type-dependent TMM activities and ALT-associated genes as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yong Sung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-G.J.); (W.-Y.P.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-1706 (J.-G.J.); +82-2-3410-6128 (W.-Y.P.); Fax: +82-2-2148-9819 (W.-Y.P.)
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-G.J.); (W.-Y.P.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-1706 (J.-G.J.); +82-2-3410-6128 (W.-Y.P.); Fax: +82-2-2148-9819 (W.-Y.P.)
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Alhazmi N, Pai CP, Albaqami A, Wang H, Zhao X, Chen M, Hu P, Guo S, Starost K, Hajihassani O, Miyagi M, Kao HY. The promyelocytic leukemia protein isoform PML1 is an oncoprotein and a direct target of the antioxidant sulforaphane (SFN). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118707. [PMID: 32243901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) generates several spliced isoforms. Ectopic expression of PML1 promotes the proliferation of ERα-positive MCF-7 breast cancer (BC) cells, while a loss of PML by knockdown or overexpression of PML4 does the opposite. PML is an essential constituent of highly dynamic particles called PML nuclear bodies (NBs). PML NBs are heterogenous multiprotein subnuclear structures that are part of cellular stress sensing machinery. The antioxidant sulforaphane (SFN) inhibits the proliferation of BC cells and causes a redistribution of the subcellular localization of PML, a disruption of disulfide-bond linkages in nuclear PML-containing complexes, and a reduction in the number and size of PML NBs. Mechanistically, SFN modifies several cysteine residues, including C204, located in the RBCC domain of PML. PML is sumoylated and contains a Sumo-interacting motif, and a significant fraction of Sumo1 and Sumo2/3 co-localizes with PML NBs. Ectopic expression of the mutant C204A selectively inhibits the biogenesis of endogenous PML NBs but not PML-less Sumo1-, Sumo2/3, or Daxx-containing nuclear speckles. Importantly, PML1 (C204A) functions as a dominant-negative mutant over endogenous PML protein and promotes anti-proliferation activity. Together, we conclude that SFN elicits its cytotoxic activity in part by inactivating PML1's pro-tumorigenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Alhazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chun-Peng Pai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aljawharah Albaqami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Minyue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Po Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kyle Starost
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Omid Hajihassani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Masaru Miyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center of CWRU, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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37
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Li Y, Ma X, Wu W, Chen Z, Meng G. PML Nuclear Body Biogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Targeted Therapy. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:889-906. [PMID: 32527650 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy has become increasingly important in cancer therapy. For example, targeting the promyelocytic leukemia PML protein in leukemia has proved to be an effective treatment. PML is the core component of super-assembled structures called PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Although this nuclear megaDalton complex was first observed in the 1960s, the mechanism of its assembly remains poorly understood. We review recent breakthroughs in the PML field ranging from a revised assembly mechanism to PML-driven genome organization and carcinogenesis. In addition, we highlight that oncogenic oligomerization might also represent a promising target in the treatment of leukemias and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Guoyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Andò S, Naimo GD, Gelsomino L, Catalano S, Mauro L. Novel insights into adiponectin action in breast cancer: Evidence of its mechanistic effects mediated by ERα expression. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13004. [PMID: 32067339 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the multifaceted effects of adiponectin on breast cancer cell signalling, tumour metabolism, and microenvironment. It is largely documented that low adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. However, it needs to be still clarified what are the extents of the decrease of local/intra-tumoural adiponectin concentrations, which promote breast tumour malignancy. Most of the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects induced by adiponectin have been obtained in breast cancer cells not expressing estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Here, we will highlight recent findings demonstrating the mechanistic effects through which adiponectin is able to fuel genomic and non-genomic estrogen signalling, inhibiting LKB1/AMPK/mTOR/S6K pathway and switching energy balance. Therefore, it emerges that the reduced adiponectin levels in patients with obesity work to sustain tumour growth and progression in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. All this may contribute to remove the misleading paradigm that adiponectin univocally inhibits breast cancer cell growth and progression independently on ERα status. The latter concept, here clearly provided by pre-clinical studies, may have translational relevance adopting adiponectin as a potential therapeutic tool. Indeed, the interfering role of ERα on adiponectin action addresses how a separate assessment of adiponectin treatment needs to be considered in novel therapeutic strategies for ERα-positive and ERα-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Loredana Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Lim J, Choi JH, Park EM, Choi YH. Interaction of promyelocytic leukemia/p53 affects signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 activity in response to oncostatin M. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:203-212. [PMID: 32392911 PMCID: PMC7193908 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene, through alternative splicing of its C-terminal region, generates several PML isoforms that interact with specific partners and perform distinct functions. The PML protein is a tumor suppressor that plays an important role by interacting with various proteins. Herein, we investigated the effect of the PML isoforms on oncostatin M (OSM)-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) transcriptional activity. PML influenced OSM-induced STAT-3 activity in a cell type-specific manner, which was dependent on the p53 status of the cells but regardless of PML isoform. Interestingly, overexpression of PML exerted opposite effects on OSM-induced STAT-3 activity in p53 wild-type and mutant cells. Specifically, overexpression of PML in the cell lines bearing wild-type p53 (NIH3T3 and U87-MG cells) decreased OSM-induced STAT-3 transcriptional activity, whereas overexpression of PML increased OSM-induced STAT-3 transcriptional activity in mutant p53-bearing cell lines (HEK293T and U251-MG cells). When wild-type p53 cells were co-transfected with PML-IV and R273H-p53 mutant, OSM-mediated STAT-3 transcriptional activity was significantly enhanced, compared to that of cells which were transfected with PML-IV alone; however, when cells bearing mutant p53 were co-transfected with PML-IV and wild-type p53, OSM-induced STAT-3 transcriptional activity was significantly decreased, compared to that of transfected cells with PML-IV alone. In conclusion, PML acts together with wild-type or mutant p53 and influences OSM-mediated STAT-3 activity in a negative or positive manner, resulting in the aberrant activation of STAT-3 in cancer cells bearing mutant p53 probably might occur through the interaction of mutant p53 with PML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Lim
- Departments of Physiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Ji Ha Choi
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Departments of Physiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea
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40
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PML nuclear body biogenesis and oligomerization-driven leukemogenesis. BLOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2:7-10. [PMID: 35399865 PMCID: PMC8975047 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PML nuclear bodies (NBs), which are increasingly recognized as the central hub of many cellular signaling events, are superassembled spherical complexes with diameters of 0.1–2 μm. Recent studies reveal that RING tetramerization and B1-box polymerization are key factors to the overall PML NBs assembly. The productive RBCC oligomerization allows subsequent PML biogenesis steps, including the PML auto-sumoylation and partners recruitment via SUMO–SIM interactions. In promyelocytic leukemia, the oncoprotein PML/RARα (P/R) inhibits PML NBs assembly and leads to a full-fledged leukemogenesis. In this review, we review the recent progress in PML and acute promyelocytic leukemia fields, highlighting the protein oligomerization as an important direction of future targeted therapy.
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41
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Involvement of PML-I in reformation of PML nuclear bodies in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells by leptomycin B. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 384:114775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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42
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Kelch-like proteins: Physiological functions and relationships with diseases. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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43
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Imrichova T, Hubackova S, Kucerova A, Kosla J, Bartek J, Hodny Z, Vasicova P. Dynamic PML protein nucleolar associations with persistent DNA damage lesions in response to nucleolar stress and senescence-inducing stimuli. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7206-7235. [PMID: 31493766 PMCID: PMC6756913 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Diverse stress insults trigger interactions of PML with nucleolus, however, the function of these PML nucleolar associations (PNAs) remains unclear. Here we show that during induction of DNA damage-induced senescence in human non-cancerous cells, PML accumulates at the nucleolar periphery simultaneously with inactivation of RNA polymerase I (RNAP I) and nucleolar segregation. Using time-lapse and high-resolution microscopy, we followed the genesis, structural transitions and destiny of PNAs to show that: 1) the dynamic structural changes of the PML-nucleolar interaction are tightly associated with inactivation and reactivation of RNAP I-mediated transcription, respectively; 2) the PML-nucleolar compartment develops sequentially under stress and, upon stress termination, it culminates in either of two fates: disappearance or persistence; 3) all PNAs stages can associate with DNA damage markers; 4) the persistent, commonly long-lasting PML multi-protein nucleolar structures (PML-NDS) associate with markers of DNA damage, indicating a role of PNAs in persistent DNA damage response characteristic for senescent cells. Given the emerging evidence implicating PML in homologous recombination-directed DNA repair, we propose that PNAs contribute to sequestration and faithful repair of the highly unstable ribosomal DNA repeats, a fundamental process to maintain a precise balance between DNA repair mechanisms, with implications for genomic integrity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezie Imrichova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Hubackova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Present address: Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kucerova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kosla
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Vasicova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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44
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Li Y, Ma X, Chen Z, Wu H, Wang P, Wu W, Cheng N, Zeng L, Zhang H, Cai X, Chen SJ, Chen Z, Meng G. B1 oligomerization regulates PML nuclear body biogenesis and leukemogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3789. [PMID: 31439836 PMCID: PMC6706441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ProMyelocyticLeukemia (PML) protein can polymerize into a mega-Dalton nuclear assembly of 0.1-2 μm in diameter. The mechanism of PML nuclear body biogenesis remains elusive. Here, PMLRBCC is successfully purified. The gel filtration and ultracentrifugation analysis suggest a previously unrecognized sequential oligomerization mechanism via PML monomer, dimer, tetramer and N-mer. Consistently, PML B1-box structure (2.0 Å) and SAXS characterization reveal an unexpected networking by W157-, F158- and SD1-interfaces. Structure-based perturbations in these B1 interfaces not only impair oligomerization in vitro but also abolish PML sumoylation and nuclear body biogenesis in HeLaPml-/- cell. More importantly, as demonstrated by in vivo study using transgenic mice, PML-RARα (PR) F158E precludes leukemogenesis. In addition, single cell RNA sequencing analysis shows that B1 oligomerization is an important regulator in PML-RARα-driven transactivation. Altogether, these results not only define a previously unrecognized B1-box oligomerization in PML, but also highlight oligomerization as an important factor in carcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/ultrastructure
- Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein/ultrastructure
- Protein Domains/genetics
- Protein Multimerization
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha/genetics
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha/ultrastructure
- Scattering, Small Angle
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Sumoylation
- X-Ray Diffraction
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Grants
- Shanghai Municipal Education Commission
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- This work was supported by research grants 81770142, 81370620, 81570120, 31070645, 81800144, 31800642 from National Natural Science Foundation of China, a research grant 20152504 from “Shanghai Municipal Education Commission—Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support”, “The Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institute of Higher Learning”, a research grant 11JC1407200 from SMSTC, a research grant 12ZZ109 from SME, “Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-10-9571).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Pengran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Nuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Longhui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guoyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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45
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Lång A, Lång E, Bøe SO. PML Bodies in Mitosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080893. [PMID: 31416160 PMCID: PMC6721746 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies are dynamic intracellular structures that recruit and release a variety of different proteins in response to stress, virus infection, DNA damage and cell cycle progression. While PML bodies primarily are regarded as nuclear compartments, they are forced to travel to the cytoplasm each time a cell divides, due to breakdown of the nuclear membrane at entry into mitosis and subsequent nuclear exclusion of nuclear material at exit from mitosis. Here we review the biochemical and biophysical transitions that occur in PML bodies during mitosis and discuss this in light of post-mitotic nuclear import, cell fate decision and acute promyelocytic leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lång
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Forskningsveien 1, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Lång
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Forskningsveien 1, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Ove Bøe
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Forskningsveien 1, 0373 Oslo, Norway.
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46
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Ankrd2 in Mechanotransduction and Oxidative Stress Response in Skeletal Muscle: New Cues for the Pathogenesis of Muscular Laminopathies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7318796. [PMID: 31428229 PMCID: PMC6681624 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7318796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ankrd2 (ankyrin repeats containing domain 2) or Arpp (ankyrin repeat, PEST sequence, and proline-rich region) is a member of the muscle ankyrin repeat protein family. Ankrd2 is mostly expressed in skeletal muscle, where it plays an intriguing role in the transcriptional response to stress induced by mechanical stimulation as well as by cellular reactive oxygen species. Our studies in myoblasts from Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2, a LMNA-linked disease affecting skeletal and cardiac muscles, demonstrated that Ankrd2 is a lamin A-binding protein and that mutated lamins found in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy change the dynamics of Ankrd2 nuclear import, thus affecting oxidative stress response. In this review, besides describing the latest advances related to Ankrd2 studies, including novel discoveries on Ankrd2 isoform-specific functions, we report the main findings on the relationship of Ankrd2 with A-type lamins and discuss known and potential mechanisms involving defective Ankrd2-lamin A interplay in the pathogenesis of muscular laminopathies.
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47
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Vancurova M, Hanzlikova H, Knoblochova L, Kosla J, Majera D, Mistrik M, Burdova K, Hodny Z, Bartek J. PML nuclear bodies are recruited to persistent DNA damage lesions in an RNF168-53BP1 dependent manner and contribute to DNA repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 78:114-127. [PMID: 31009828 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bulk of DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation (IR) is generally repaired within hours, yet a subset of DNA lesions may persist even for long periods of time. Such persisting IR-induced foci (pIRIF) co-associate with PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) and are among the characteristics of cellular senescence. Here we addressed some fundamental questions concerning the nature and determinants of this co-association, the role of PML-NBs at such sites, and the reason for the persistence of DNA damage in human primary cells. We show that the persistent DNA lesions are devoid of homologous recombination (HR) proteins BRCA1 and Rad51. Our super-resolution microscopy-based analysis showed that PML-NBs are juxtaposed to and partially overlap with the pIRIFs. Notably, depletion of 53BP1 resulted in decreased intersection between PML-NBs and pIRIFs implicating the RNF168-53BP1 pathway in their interaction. To test whether the formation and persistence of IRIFs is PML-dependent and to investigate the role of PML in the context of DNA repair and senescence, we genetically deleted PML in human hTERT-RPE-1 cells. Unexpectedly, upon high-dose IR treatment, cells displayed similar DNA damage signalling, repair dynamics and kinetics of cellular senescence regardless of the presence or absence of PML. In contrast, the PML knock-out cells showed increased sensitivity to low doses of IR and DNA-damaging agents mitomycin C, cisplatin and camptothecin that all cause DNA lesions requiring repair by HR. These results, along with enhanced sensitivity of the PML knock-out cells to DNA-PK and PARP inhibitors implicate PML as a factor contributing to HR-mediated DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Vancurova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hanzlikova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Knoblochova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kosla
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dusana Majera
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Burdova
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Mad1 destabilizes p53 by preventing PML from sequestering MDM2. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1540. [PMID: 30948704 PMCID: PMC6449396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic arrest deficient 1 (Mad1) plays a well-characterized role in the mitotic checkpoint. However, interphase roles of Mad1 that do not impact mitotic checkpoint function remain largely uncharacterized. Here we show that upregulation of Mad1, which is common in human breast cancer, prevents stress-induced stabilization of the tumor suppressor p53 in multiple cell types. Upregulated Mad1 localizes to ProMyelocytic Leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies in breast cancer and cultured cells. The C-terminus of Mad1 directly interacts with PML, and this interaction is enhanced by sumoylation. PML stabilizes p53 by sequestering MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets p53 for degradation, to the nucleolus. Upregulated Mad1 displaces MDM2 from PML, freeing it to ubiquitinate p53. Upregulation of Mad1 accelerates growth of orthotopic mammary tumors, which show decreased levels of p53 and its downstream effector p21. These results demonstrate an unexpected interphase role for Mad1 in tumor promotion via p53 destabilization.
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49
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Ngo T, Corrales A, Bourne T, Elmojahid S, Lam KS, Díaz E. Alternative Splicing of MXD3 and Its Regulation of MXD3 Levels in Glioblastoma. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:5. [PMID: 30838212 PMCID: PMC6390498 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MXD3 is an atypical member of the MYC/MAX/MXD transcriptional network and has been previously shown to be an important regulator of cell proliferation. MXD3 has been shown to be overexpressed and to be required for medulloblastoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell proliferation. In this study we leveraged datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas to examine MXD3 across several cancers. We find that MXD3 transcripts are significantly overexpressed in ~72% of the available datasets. The gene itself is not frequently altered, while the promoter appears to be hypomethylated. We examine the possibility that aberrant regulation of the MXD3 message is the cause of abnormal MXD3 expression across cancers. Specifically, we looked at MXD3 alternative splicing in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and find notable functional differences between the splice variants. The 3′UTR confers differential message stability. Furthermore, the different coding sequences lead to different protein stabilities and localizations. Altogether, these data extend our knowledge of MXD3 in the context of human cancers while characterizing a previously unstudied splice variant of MXD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Ngo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Abraham Corrales
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Traci Bourne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Samir Elmojahid
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Elva Díaz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
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50
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Li N, Zhu Y. Targeting liver cancer stem cells for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2019; 12:1756284818821560. [PMID: 30719075 PMCID: PMC6348509 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818821560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and prognosis remains poor. It has been increasingly recognized that liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are responsible for the carcinogenesis, recurrence, metastasis and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Targeting LCSCs is promising to be a new direction for the treatment of HCC. Herein, we summarize the potentially therapeutic targets in LCSCs at the level of genes, molecules and cells, such as knockout of oncogenes or oncoproteins, restoring the silent tumor suppressor genes, inhibition of the transcription factors and regulation of noncoding RNAs (including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs) in LCSCs at the genetic level; inhibition of markers and blockade of the key signaling pathways of LCSCs at the molecular level; and inhibiting autophagy and application of oncolytic adenoviruses in LCSCs at the cellular level. Moreover, we analyze the potential targets in LCSCs to eliminate chemoresistance of HCC. Thereinto, the suppression of autophagy and Nanog by chloroquine and shRNA respectively may be the most promising targeting approaches. These targets may provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCC by targeting LCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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