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Kim YM, Son JY, Ahn DK. Botulinum toxin type A is a potential therapeutic drug for chronic orofacial pain. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:496-503. [PMID: 38908515 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), produced by the gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum, acts by cleaving synaptosome-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25), an essential component of the presynaptic neuronal membrane that is necessary for fusion with the membrane proteins of neurotransmitter-containing vesicles. Recent studies have highlighted the efficacy of BTX-A in treating chronic pain conditions, including lower back pain, chronic neck pain, neuropathic pain, and trigeminal neuralgia, particularly when patients are unresponsive to traditional painkillers. This review focuses on the analgesic effects of BTX-A in various chronic pain conditions, with a particular emphasis on the orofacial region. HIGHLIGHT This review focuses on the mechanisms by which BTX-A induces analgesia in patients with inflammatory and temporomandibular joint pain. This review also highlights the fact that BTX-A can effectively manage neuropathic pain and trigeminal neuralgia, which are difficult-to-treat chronic pain conditions. Herein, we present a comprehensive assessment of the central analgesic effects of BTX-A and a discussion of its various applications in clinical dental practice. CONCLUSION BTX-A is an approved treatment option for various chronic pain conditions. Although there is evidence of axonal transport of BTX-A from peripheral to central endings in motor neurons, the precise mechanism underlying its pain-modulating effects remains unclear. This review discusses the evidence supporting the effectiveness of BTX-A in controlling chronic pain conditions in the orofacial region. BTX-A is a promising therapeutic agent for treating pain conditions that do not respond to conventional analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jo-Young Son
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kuk Ahn
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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Moreau N, Korai SA, Sepe G, Panetsos F, Papa M, Cirillo G. Peripheral and central neurobiological effects of botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) in neuropathic pain: a systematic review. Pain 2024; 165:1674-1688. [PMID: 38452215 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Botulinum toxin (BoNT), a presynaptic inhibitor of acetylcholine (Ach) release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), is a successful and safe drug for the treatment of several neurological disorders. However, a wide and recent literature review has demonstrated that BoNT exerts its effects not only at the "periphery" but also within the central nervous system (CNS). Studies from animal models, in fact, have shown a retrograde transport to the CNS, thus modulating synaptic function. The increasing number of articles reporting efficacy of BoNT on chronic neuropathic pain (CNP), a complex disease of the CNS, demonstrates that the central mechanisms of BoNT are far from being completely elucidated. In this new light, BoNT might interfere with the activity of spinal, brain stem, and cortical circuitry, modulating excitability and the functional organization of CNS in healthy conditions. Botulinum toxins efficacy on CNP is the result of a wide and complex action on many and diverse mechanisms at the basis of the maladaptive plasticity, the core of the pathogenesis of CNP. This systematic review aims to discuss in detail the BoNT's mechanisms and effects on peripheral and central neuroplasticity, at the basis for the clinical efficacy in CNP syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Moreau
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie oro-faciale, EA 7543, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sohaib Ali Korai
- Division of Human Anatomy, Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Networks & Systems Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sepe
- Division of Human Anatomy, Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Networks & Systems Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neurocomputing & Neurorobotics Research Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IdISSC), Hospital Clinico San Carlos de Madrid, Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Papa
- Division of Human Anatomy, Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Networks & Systems Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cirillo
- Division of Human Anatomy, Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Networks & Systems Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Bagues A, Hu J, Alshanqiti I, Chung MK. Neurobiological mechanisms of botulinum neurotoxin-induced analgesia for neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 259:108668. [PMID: 38782121 PMCID: PMC11182613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are a family of neurotoxins produced by Clostridia and other bacteria that induce botulism. BoNTs are internalized into nerve terminals at the site of injection and cleave soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins to inhibit the vesicular release of neurotransmitters. BoNTs have been approved for multiple therapeutic applications, including the treatment of migraines. They have also shown efficacies for treating neuropathic pain, such as diabetic neuropathy, and postherpetic and trigeminal neuralgia. However, the mechanisms underlying BoNT-induced analgesia are not well understood. Peripherally administered BoNT is taken up by the nerve terminals and reduces the release of glutamate, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and substance P, which decreases neurogenic inflammation in the periphery. BoNT is retrogradely transported to sensory ganglia and central terminals in a microtubule-dependent manner. BoNTs decrease the expression of pronociceptive genes (ion channels or cytokines) from sensory ganglia and the release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides from primary afferent central terminals, which likely leads to decreased central sensitization in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord or trigeminal nucleus. BoNT-induced analgesia is abolished after capsaicin-induced denervation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-expressing afferents or the knockout of substance P or the neurokinin-1 receptor. Although peripheral administration of BoNT leads to changes in the central nervous system (e.g., decreased phosphorylation of glutamate receptors in second-order neurons, reduced activation of microglia, contralateral localization, and cortical reorganization), whether such changes are secondary to changes in primary afferents or directly mediated by trans-synaptic, transcytotic, or the hematogenous transport of BoNT is controversial. To enhance their therapeutic potential, BoNTs engineered for specific targeting of nociceptive pathways have been developed to treat chronic pain. Further mechanistic studies on BoNT-induced analgesia can enhance the application of native or engineered BoNTs for neuropathic pain treatment with improved safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bagues
- Área de Farmacología, Nutrición y Bromatología, Dpto. C.C. Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Alcorcón, Spain; High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM), Spain
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ishraq Alshanqiti
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Man-Kyo Chung
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Zhang Y, Yang D, Shuai B, Ding H, Yang J, Wang J, Tang L, Yao S, Zhang Y. Diclofenac sodium nanomedicine results in pain-relief and differential expression of the RNA transcriptome in the spinal cord of SNI rats. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124276. [PMID: 38821436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is chronic pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Neuropathic pain, with a high incidence and complex pathogenesis, is one of the most significant areas of clinical medicine and basic research. Currently, prescribed treatments are still unsatisfactory or have limited effectiveness. A medicinal preparation is required that relieves the neuropathic pain and prolongs action time, which has not yet been discovered. In this study, MIL-101 (Fe) was employed as a drug carrier to regulate the release of diclofenac sodium, thereby achieving the effect of analgesia and sustained release. The release curves demonstrated that diclofenac sodium could be continuously released from MIL-101 (Fe) for more than 48 h. There was no toxicity in vitro and in vivo, and the safety of MIL-101 (Fe) was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin as well as ELISA tests in vivo. The results of behavioral testing, pharmacokinetics, and RNA sequencing analysis showed that MIL-101 (Fe) loaded with diclofenac sodium could enhance the mechanical withdrawal threshold and alleviate cold allodynia induced by Spared Nerve Injury, prolonging the work time by three days. The results indicated that MIL-101 (Fe) exhibited excellent biocompatibility, while the MIL-101 (Fe)-DS demonstrated analgesic and controlled-release properties. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the clinical management of neuropathic pain and the development of a novel formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bo Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinghan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Research Center for Brain-inspired Intelligence, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation En-gineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Liu X, Yang W, Zhu C, Sun S, Yang B, Wu S, Wang L, Liu Z, Ge Z. TLR2 Mediates Microglial Activation and Contributes to Central Sensitization in a Recurrent Nitroglycerin-induced Chronic Migraine Model. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3697-3714. [PMID: 38008889 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Central sensitization is an important pathophysiological mechanism underlying chronic migraine (CM). Previous studies have shown that microglial activation and subsequent inflammation in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) contribute to central sensitization. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a receptor expressed on the membrane of microglia and participates in central sensitization in inflammatory and chronic pain; however, its role in CM is unclear. Therefore, this study investigated TLR2 involvement in CM in detail. Mice treated with recurrent nitroglycerin (NTG) were used as a CM model. Hyperalgesia was assessed using a 50% paw mechanical threshold and a 50% periorbital threshold on a Von Frey filament pain meter. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were used to detect the expression of TLR2, microglia, c-fos and CGRP in TNC. The expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β、 IL-10、TNF-α and IFN-β1) was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A selective TLR2 antagonist (C29) was systematically administered to observe its effect on hyperalgesia, microglia activation and the expression of c-fos, CGRP and inflammatory factors. Recurrent administration of NTG resulted in acute and chronic hypersensitivity, accompanied by upregulation of TLR2 expression and microglial activation in TNC. C29 partially inhibited pain hypersensitivity. C29 suppressed microglial activation induced by NTG administration. Inhibition of TLR2 reduced the expression of c-fos and CGRP in TNC after NTG treatment. C29 inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators in TNC. These data showed that microglial TLR2 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of CM by regulating microglial activation in TNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenlu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Songtang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Shouyi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Longde Wang
- Expert Workstation of Academician Wang Longde, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Zhaoming Ge
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
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Xu H, Ge H, Cai Z. Botulinum toxin type a blocks aquaporin 5 trafficking by decreasing synaptosomal-associated protein 23 in submandibular acinar cells. Exp Cell Res 2024; 436:113954. [PMID: 38307188 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The trafficking of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is critical for salivary secretion. Synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (SNAP23) is an important regulator in the process of membrane fusion. However, the role of SNAP23 on AQP5 trafficking has not been explored. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) is a bacterial toxin that effectively treats sialorrhea. We previously reported that BoNT/A induced AQP5 redistribution in cultured acinar cells, but the mechanism remained unclear. In this study, SNAP23 was predominantly localized to the plasma membrane of acinar cells in the rat submandibular gland (SMG) and colocalized with AQP5 at the apical membrane of acinar cells. In stable GFP-AQP5-transfected SMG-C6 cells, the acetylcholine receptor agonist carbachol (CCh) induced trafficking of AQP5 from intracellular vesicles to the apical membrane. Furthermore, SNAP23 knockdown by siRNA significantly inhibited CCh-induced AQP5 trafficking, whereas this inhibitory effect was reversed by SNAP23 re-expression, indicating that SNAP23 was essential in AQP5 trafficking. More importantly, BoNT/A inhibited salivary secretion from SMGs, and the underlying mechanism involved that BoNT/A blocked CCh-triggered AQP5 trafficking by decreasing SNAP23 in acinar cells. Taken together, these results identified a crucial role for SNAP23 in AQP5 trafficking and provided new insights into the mechanism of BoNT/A in treating sialorrhea and thereby a theoretical basis for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Wangfujing General Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Ge
- Department of Wangfujing General Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Hong L, Xie Z, Jiang W, Chen L, Xiong K, Yang S, Lin M, Guo X, Li Q, Deng X, Lin Y, Cao M, Yi G, Fu M. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals roles of unique retinal microglia types in early diabetic retinopathy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:49. [PMID: 38409074 PMCID: PMC10895757 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a blinding disease, are intricate. DR was thought to be a microvascular disease previously. However, growing studies have indicated that the retinal microglia-induced inflammation precedes microangiopathy. The binary concept of microglial M1/M2 polarization paradigms during inflammatory activation has been debated. In this study, we confirmed microglia had the most significant changes in early DR using single-cell RNA sequencing. METHODS A total of five retinal specimens were collected from donor SD rats. Changes in various cells of the retina at the early stage of DR were analyzed using single-cell sequencing technology. RESULTS We defined three new microglial subtypes at cellular level, including two M1 types (Egr2+ M1 and Egr2- M1) and one M2 type. We also revealed the anatomical location between these subtypes, the dynamic changes of polarization phenotypes, and the possible activation sequence and mutual activation regulatory mechanism of different cells. Furthermore, we constructed an inflammatory network involving microglia, blood-derived macrophages and other retinal nonneuronal cells. The targeted study of new disease-specific microglial subtypes can shorten the time for drug screening and clinical application, which provided insight for the early control and reversal of DR. CONCLUSIONS We found that microglia show the most obvious differential expression changes in early DR and reveal the changes in microglia in a high-glucose microenvironment at the single-cell level. Our comprehensive analysis will help achieve early reversal and control the occurrence and progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongyi Yang
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Hong
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuohang Xie
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1333 Xinhu Road, Shenzhen, 518100, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiping Lin
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Guo
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumo Li
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Deng
- The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Lin
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoguo Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 26, Erheng Road, Yuancun, Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Peng X, Wang J, Li Z, Jia X, Zhang A, Ju J, Eulenburg V, Gao F. Toll-like Receptor 2-Melatonin Feedback Loop Regulates the Activation of Spinal NLRP3 Inflammasome in Morphine-Tolerant Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3597-3609. [PMID: 37561258 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Morphine is amongst the most effective analgesics available for the management of severe pain. However, prolonged morphine treatment leads to analgesic tolerance which limits its clinical usage. Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin ameliorates morphine tolerance by reducing neuroinflammation. However, little is known about the relationship between Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and neuroinflammation in morphine tolerance. The aim of this study was to explore the role of TLR2 in morphine tolerance and its connections with melatonin and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with morphine for 7 days and tail-flick latency test was performed to identify the induction of analgesic tolerance. The roles of TLR2 in microglia activation and morphine tolerance were assessed pharmacologically, and the possible interactions between melatonin, TLR2 and NLRP3 inflammasome were investigated. KEY RESULTS Morphine tolerance was accompanied by increased TLR2 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in spinal cord. whereas melatonin level was down-regulated. Chronic melatonin administration resulted in a reduced TLR2 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, the analgesic effect of morphine was partially restored. Inhibition of TLR2 suppressed the microglia and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as well as restored the spinal melatonin level while attenuated the development of morphine tolerance. Furthermore, the inhibition of microglia activation ameliorated morphine tolerance via inhibiting TLR2-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in spinal cord. CONCLUSION In this study, we directly demonstrate a TLR2-melatonin negative feedback loop regulating microglia and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during the development of morphine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jie Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Volker Eulenburg
- Department for Translational Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Augsburg, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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9
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Li D, Yuan C, Zhao B, Cai G, Xu Y. LncRNA Kcnq1ot1relieves neuropathic pain through downregulation of Myd88. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110218. [PMID: 37104915 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have already been documented to become the therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain. Here, this work focused on exploring the specific mechanism underlying Kcnq1 overlapping transcript 1 (kcnq1ot1) in neuropathic pain. METHODS Sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) in vivo and LPS-stimulated microglia BV2 cell injury in vitro were adopted to construct neuropathic pain models. Expressions of kcnq1ot1, MyD88, and microglia activation marker Iba-1 were measured. In this study, we carried out fluorescence in-situ Hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence for examining Kcnq1ot1 localization within microglial cells in mouse spinal dorsal horn. Subsequently, we evaluated binding between Kcnq1ot1 and Myd88, together with the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and Myd88 ubiquitination. RESULTS Kcnq1ot1 levels decreased within CCI mice and LPS-induced BV2 cells. According to the results of FISH and immunofluorescence, Kcnq1ot1 is located in microglia. Overexpression of Kcnq1ot1 suppressed Iba-1, IL-1β, IL-6 together with TNF-α expression. RNA pull-down and RIP assay confirmed that Kcnq1ot1 bound to Myd88. In addition, Kcnq1ot1 overexpression promoted the degradation, enhanced the ubiquitination, and reduced protein level of Myd88. Overexpression of Myd88 eliminated the effects of Kcnq1ot1 overexpression on Iba-1level and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further in vivo results revealed that increased Kcnq1ot1 level alleviated neuropathic pain and myelinated nerve fiber injury of CCI mice. CONCLUSION Kcnq1ot1 downregulated Myd88 protein expression by binding to Myd88 and promoting its ubiquitination, which in turn suppressed microglia activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and relieved neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Chang Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bingxiao Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Gaige Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Zheng H, Wu L, Tian S, Liu M, Zhan Q, Yu X, Xie Y, Zhong X, Wu W. Effect of botulinum toxin type A on non-motor symptoms and quality of life in Meige syndrome. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1115482. [PMID: 36846150 PMCID: PMC9947842 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1115482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been shown in previous studies that botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) can effectively relieve the motor symptoms of Meige syndrome. However, its effect on non-motor symptoms (NMS) and quality of life (QoL) has not been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to explore the effects of BTX-A on NMS and QoL and to clarify the relationship between changes in motor symptoms, NMS, and QoL after BTX-A. Methods Seventy-five patients were recruited for the study. All patients were assessed by a series of clinical assessments before, one, and 3 months after BTX-A treatment. Dystonic symptoms, psychiatric disturbances, sleep disorders, and QoL were evaluated. Results After 1 and 3 months of BTX-A treatment, the scores of motor symptoms, anxiety, and depression were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Except for general health, the scores of the other 36-item short-form health survey QoL subitems were significantly improved after BTX-A (P < 0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the changes in anxiety and depression were not correlated with changes in motor symptoms (P > 0.05). Still, they were negatively correlated with changes in physical functioning, role-physical and mental component summary QoL (P < 0.05). Conclusions BTX-A effectively improved motor symptoms, anxiety, depression, and QoL. Anxiety and depression improvement did not correlate with motor symptom changes after BTX-A, and QoL improvements were strongly associated with psychiatric disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lanxiang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingxu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qingqing Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinping Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yonggang Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianhui Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Wu
- *Correspondence: Wei Wu ✉
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Huc-MSCs-derived exosomes attenuate neuropathic pain by inhibiting activation of the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in the spinal microglia by targeting Rsad2. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109505. [PMID: 36516531 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes have shown promise as a cell-free therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain. This study was conducted to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of MSC-derived exosomes in treating neuropathic pain. METHODS Human umbilical cord MSCs (huc-MSCs)-derived exosomes were isolated and identified. BV-2 microglia were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of exosomes. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis. The analgesic effects of huc-MSCs-derived exosomes were evaluated in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). The underlying mechanism was investigated by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescent staining, and small interfering RNA transfection. RESULTS In vitro, huc-MSCs-derived exosomes suppressed LPS-induced microglial activation and inhibited activation of the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Based on the proteomic analysis, Rsad2 was identified and confirmed to be down-regulated by huc-MSCs-derived exosomes. Importantly, knockdown of Rsad2 also inhibited microglial activation and restrained activation of the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. In vivo, intrathecal injection of exosomes ameliorated CCI-induced mechanical allodynia, down-regulated Rsad2 expression and restrained TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling activation in the spinal microglia. CONCLUSION Huc-MSCs-derived exosomes exerted analgesic effects on neuropathic pain by inhibiting activation of the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in the spinal microglia. The mechanism underlying these antinociceptive effects involved exosome-mediated interference with Rsad2 expression, thereby inhibiting microglial activation.
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Pricope CV, Tamba BI, Stanciu GD, Cuciureanu M, Neagu AN, Creanga-Murariu I, Dobrovat BI, Uritu CM, Filipiuc SI, Pricope BM, Alexa-Stratulat T. The Roles of Imaging Biomarkers in the Management of Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13038. [PMID: 36361821 PMCID: PMC9657736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) affects around 10% of the general population and has a significant social, emotional, and economic impact. Current diagnosis techniques rely mainly on patient-reported outcomes and symptoms, which leads to significant diagnostic heterogeneity and subsequent challenges in management and assessment of outcomes. As such, it is necessary to review the approach to a pathology that occurs so frequently, with such burdensome and complex implications. Recent research has shown that imaging methods can detect subtle neuroplastic changes in the central and peripheral nervous system, which can be correlated with neuropathic symptoms and may serve as potential markers. The aim of this paper is to review available imaging methods used for diagnosing and assessing therapeutic efficacy in CNP for both the preclinical and clinical setting. Of course, further research is required to standardize and improve detection accuracy, but available data indicate that imaging is a valuable tool that can impact the management of CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Vasilica Pricope
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Dumitrita Stanciu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Magdalena Cuciureanu
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I bvd. No. 22, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Creanga-Murariu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Ionut Dobrovat
- Department of Radiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mariana Uritu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Silviu Iulian Filipiuc
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bianca-Mariana Pricope
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Teodora Alexa-Stratulat
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Long Y, Cheng Y, Yang J, Yang T, Lai Y. Abeta-induced Presynaptic Release of UBC9 through Extracellular Vesicles involves SNAP23. Neurosci Lett 2022; 785:136771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Corydecumine G inhibits microglia activation via MAPK pathway in a rat model of neuropathic pain. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 124:102124. [PMID: 35752418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Microglial activation plays an important role in the onset and progression of neuropathic pain by producing a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines that interact with neurons to enhance neuronal hyperexcitability. Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) pers., a traditional Chinese medicine has been used to treat mild cancer pain, dementia and to remit cerebral ischemia in clinics. Phenylphthalide isoquinolines are the major type of metabolites of C. decumbens and one of the derivatives, Corydecumine G (Cor G) has been shown to inhibit neuronal excitability. The present study aims to investigate the analgesic efficacy of Cor G in neuropathic pain rat model, the effects of Cor G on microglia activation and the possible mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Neuropathic pain was modeled using chronic constriction sciatic nerve injury (CCI) in rats. Western blot, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the levels of protein and mRNA. KEY RESULTS Intraperitoneal administration of Cor G concentration-dependently ameliorates mechanical and thermo allodynia, suppresses CCI-induced p38/ERK phosphorylation and spinal cord microglia activation, and attenuates the expression levels of NO, inos, Tnf-α, Pge2 in dorsal horn of L4-L6 spinal cord on the ligation side in CCI rats. Pretreatment with 30 μM Cor G decreased LPS-induced BV2 microglia activation, which occurred via the inos, Tnf-α, Il-1β, Il-6 and phospho-p38/ERK pathways. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, we suggest that Cor G, the specific phthalide isoquinoline from traditional Chinese medicine Corydalis Decumbentis Rhizoma, may be promising for treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Zhang S, Li K, Yu Z, Chai J, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Min P. Dramatic Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Hypertrophic Scar: A Promising Therapeutic Drug and Its Mechanism Through the SP-NK1R Pathway in Cutaneous Neurogenic Inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:820817. [PMID: 35308522 PMCID: PMC8927735 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.820817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic scar formation may be related to cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) through the substance P-neurokinin 1 receptor (SP-NK1R) signaling pathway. As a widely used drug in aesthetic clinical work, botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has a therapeutic effect on scars, but the actual mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the potential mechanism by which BTX-A inhibits CNI in hypertrophic scars both in vitro and in vivo. Methods Tissue samples were obtained from surgical excisions. Immunohistological analysis was used to locate SP in human hypertrophic scars and normal skin. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the expression of collagens after SP/BTX-A treatment. A rabbit ear scar model was used to explore the in vivo effect of BTX-A on scar treatment. Results SP and NK-1R were overexpressed in hypertrophic scars compared to normal skin tissues. Collagen secretion of hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts increased with increasing doses of SP. However, BTX-A may downregulate collagen expression through SP-NK1R pathway with or without the presence of SP inducing agent capsaicin. Meanwhile, SP inhibited the expression of NK-1R, and this inhibition was blocked by pretreatment with BTX-A. In vivo, intralesional BTX-A injection can also reduce the volume of scars and inhibit collagen secretion. Capsaicin may cause more severe scar manifestations, while the therapeutic effect of BTX-A remains. Conclusion Our research confirms that CNI stimulates fibroblasts during scar formation, while BTX-A can reduce collagen secretion by inhibiting the SP-NK1R signaling pathway, thus identifying a novel therapeutic target for this benign solid skin tumor.
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Huang A, Ji L, Huang Y, Yu Q, Li Y. miR-185-5p alleviates CCI-induced neuropathic pain by repressing NLRP3 inflammasome through dual targeting MyD88 and CXCR4. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108508. [PMID: 34999395 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important modulators in the evolvement and progression of neuropathic pain (NP). According to reports, miR-185-5p contributes to various diseases and inflammatory responses. However, it is not clear whether miR-185-5p mediates neuroinflammation and NP following chronic constrictive injury (CCI). The CCI model was constructed in rats to induce NP. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were employed to evaluate pain threshold in CCI rats. The expression of miR-185-5p, GFAP, Iba1, Caspase-3-positive cells, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)-labeled apoptotic neurons, inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in lumbar portion (L4-L6) of CCI rats were determined. Furthermore, the targets of miR-185-5p were predicted by the Starbase, and the binding association between miR-185-5p and MyD88, miR-185-5p and CXCR4 was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. As shown by the data, miR-185-5p was distinctly reduced in L4-L6 spinal cord tissues of rats after CCI. Up-regulating miR-185-5p alleviated mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, inactivated microglia and astrocytes accumulation, and abated the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in L4-L6 spinal cord tissues of CCI rats. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that MyD88 and CXCR4 were potential target genes of miR-185-5p. Increasing miR-185-5p expression notably impeded the expression of MyD88, CXCR4 and NLRP3 inflammasome in BV2 microglia, while attenuating miR-185-5p expression exerted the opposite effects. Notably, down-regulating MyD88 and CXCR4 significantly enhanced the miR-185-5p-mediated anti-inflammatory effects, and reversed miR-185-5p inhibitor-mediated proinflammatory effects. Additionally, up-regulating miR-185-5p repressed BV2-induced neuronal apoptosis and increased neuronal viability. In conclusion, this study suggested that miR-185-5p chokes CCI-induced NP and neuroinflammation by targeting MyD88 and CXCR4, indicating that miR-186-5p is an underlying therapeutic target for NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airu Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
| | - Ling Ji
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China
| | - Yilong Huang
- Gastrointestinal surgery, Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611730, PR China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China.
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, PR China.
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Zhou M, Zhang T, Gao Y, Li S, Lin Y, Cai X. Tetrahedral-Framework Nucleic Acids Carry Small Interfering RNA to Downregulate Toll-Like Receptor 2 Gene Expression for the Treatment of Sepsis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6442-6452. [PMID: 35080860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is caused by the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, which can lead to excessive expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in cells and uncontrollable amplification of the inflammatory response. TLR2, as an essential part of the TLR family, has a significant feature in the identification of innate immune responses. Therefore, blocking the expression and activation of TLR2 can inhibit the synthesis and release of inflammatory factors and avoid the occurrence of excessive inflammatory reactions. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can selectively target the silencing or downregulation of pathogenic genes and has the advantages of high specificity, a strong effect, and fewer adverse reactions. However, the application of siRNA is limited by its high molecular weight, poor biostability, and difficulty in passive uptake into cells. Tetrahedral-framework nucleic acid (tFNA) is a new kind of three-dimensional nucleic acid nanomaterial, which has the advantages of good biocompatibility, stable structure, and editability. In this study, we used tFNA as carriers to deliver siRNA-targeting downregulation of TLR2 expression for anti-inflammatory therapy. We show that siRNA can specifically reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TLR2 elevation and reduce release of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced experimental sepsis, which provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Songhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Xu D, Ma X, Sun C, Han J, Zhou C, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. Emerging roles of circular RNAs in neuropathic pain. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13139. [PMID: 34623006 PMCID: PMC8666284 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a major type of chronic pain caused by the disease or injury of the somatosensory nervous system. It afflicts about 10% of the general population with a significant proportion of patients’ refractory to conventional medical treatment. This highlights the importance of a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of neuropathic pain so as to drive the development of novel mechanism‐driven therapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non‐coding, regulatory RNAs that exhibit tissue‐ and disease‐specific expression. An increasing number of studies reported that circRNAs may play pivotal roles in the development of neuropathic pain. In this review, we first summarize circRNA expression profiling studies on neuropathic pain. We also highlight the molecular mechanisms of specific circRNAs (circHIPK3, circAnks1a, ciRS‐7, cZRANB1, circZNF609 and circ_0005075) that play key functional roles in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and discuss their potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic utilization in the clinical management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derong Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuexiao Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jialuo Han
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanli Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William K K Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Toledo RS, Stein DJ, Stefani Sanches PR, de Souza A, da Silva LS, Medeiros HR, de Souza Antunes MA, de Castro JM, Fregni F, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Reverses the Long-term Memory Impairment and the Decrease of Hippocampal Interleukin-10 Levels, both Induced by Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 472:51-59. [PMID: 34358630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is characterized by the presence of spontaneous pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is one of neuromodulatory techniques that induces satisfactory NP relief, including that from refractory pain patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate rTMS treatment over long term memory (LTM) and hippocampal BDNF and IL-10 levels in rats submitted to a NP model. A total of 81 adult (60-days old) male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to one of the following 9 experimental groups: control, control + sham rTMS, control + rTMS, sham neuropathic pain, sham neuropathic pain + sham rTMS, sham neuropathic pain + rTMS, neuropathic pain (NP), neuropathic pain + sham rTMS and neuropathic pain + rTMS. Fourteen days after the surgery for chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, NP establishment was accomplished. Then, rats were treated with daily 5-minute sessions of rTMS for eight consecutive days. LTM was assessed by the object recognition test (ORT) twenty-four hours after the end of rTMS treatment. Biochemical assays (BDNF and IL-10 levels) were performed in hippocampus tissue homogenates. rTMS treatment reversed the reduction of the discrimination index in the ORT and the hippocampal IL-10 levels in NP rats. This result shows that rTMS reverses the impairment LTM and the increase in the hippocampal IL-10 levels, both induced by NP. Moreover, it appears to be a safe non-pharmacological therapeutic tool since it did not alter LTM and neurochemical parameters in naive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ströher Toledo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica - Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Dirson João Stein
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Stefani Sanches
- Serviço de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Engenharia Biomédica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helouise Richardt Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayra Angélica de Souza Antunes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josimar Macedo de Castro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica - Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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20
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Xu S, Mei S, Lu J, Wu H, Dong X, Shi L, Zhou J, Zhang J. Transcriptome Analysis of Microglia Reveals That the TLR2/IRF7 Signaling Axis Mediates Neuroinflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:645649. [PMID: 34276335 PMCID: PMC8278202 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.645649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response in the early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been reported to have an impact on progress, and the mechanism is not completely understood. Here, we performed genome-wide transcriptome analysis of microglia purified from damaged hemisphere of adult mice at 3 days after SAH or sham operation. Robust transcriptional changes were observed between SAH-induced and healthy microglia, indicating rapid activation of microglia after suffering from SAH. We identified 1576 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 928 upregulated and 648 downregulated) in SAH-induced microglia compared with sham microglia, representing a strong alteration of the genome (6.85% of total ∼23,000 genes). Functional enrichment of these DEGs indicated that cell division, inflammatory response, cytokine production, and leukocyte chemotaxis were strongly activated in SAH-induced microglia. Moreover, we identified and proved that the TLR2/IRF7 signaling axis was involved in the regulation of this microglia-mediated inflammation in SAH mice by performing flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Together, these results provided a perspective of microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response in the early stage of SAH and might give a new therapeutic target for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenbin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Rasetti-Escargueil C, Popoff MR. Engineering Botulinum Neurotoxins for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications and Vaccine Development. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 13:1. [PMID: 33374954 PMCID: PMC7821915 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) show increasing therapeutic applications ranging from treatment of locally paralyzed muscles to cosmetic benefits. At first, in the 1970s, BoNT was used for the treatment of strabismus, however, nowadays, BoNT has multiple medical applications including the treatment of muscle hyperactivity such as strabismus, dystonia, movement disorders, hemifacial spasm, essential tremor, tics, cervical dystonia, cerebral palsy, as well as secretory disorders (hyperhidrosis, sialorrhea) and pain syndromes such as chronic migraine. This review summarizes current knowledge related to engineering of botulinum toxins, with particular emphasis on their potential therapeutic applications for pain management and for retargeting to non-neuronal tissues. Advances in molecular biology have resulted in generating modified BoNTs with the potential to act in a variety of disorders, however, in addition to the modifications of well characterized toxinotypes, the diversity of the wild type BoNT toxinotypes or subtypes, provides the basis for innovative BoNT-based therapeutics and research tools. This expanding BoNT superfamily forms the foundation for new toxins candidates in a wider range of therapeutic options.
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